What is the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension: differences. How and how does an insurance pension differ from a social pension? What is the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension?

In accordance with the current pension legislation, there are several types of pensions, including insurance and social. How are they different from each other? What categories of citizens have the right to receive these types of pensions? What is the difference in the amounts of such payments? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

What is the difference between social pension payment and insurance payment?

Material state assistance to citizens who have lost or have not yet acquired the opportunity to work and provide for themselves is called a social (state) pension. Such persons include old-age pensioners, disabled people and children who have lost one or two parents. When assigning a social pension, the pensioner’s length of service and salary are not taken into account. Even if a pensioner has not worked a single day, for example, due to health conditions, he has the right to receive social assistance.

An insurance pension is assigned only to citizens who have insurance experience, that is, the period for which the employer made appropriate payments to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. The Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions” dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ indicates that non-insurance periods, for example, parental leave, are counted towards the insurance period if they were preceded and (or) followed by followed by periods of work and/or other activities. Moreover, the duration of such a period can be equal to even one day.

Categories of citizens entitled to payments

The same categories of persons can receive an insurance pension as a social pension: old-age pensioners, children who have lost their breadwinner(s), as well as the disabled. However, in this case, the assignment of a pension is possible only if the following conditions are met:

Difference in payment amount

When establishing a fixed size of the social pension, the government is guided by the size of the subsistence minimum. In turn, the cost of living is established by the Budget Law every year and in 2017 it is 8,178 rubles.

The size of the social pension in 2017 for various categories of persons receiving it is:

As for the size of the insurance pension, it is calculated based on the volume of contributions made to the Pension Fund. According to Olga Golodets, the average salary in Russia in 2017 is 13,600 rubles.

A pension is money that a person receives due to reaching old age, the loss of a sole breadwinner, or disability. In our country there are two types of pensions - insurance (it is also called labor, it may also include a funded part) and social. What each of them is and how they differ from each other, read on.

Confirmation that a Russian is on government support is a pension certificate

Insurance pension

Regular transfers of financial resources to disabled people and old people who worked officially, or to the family of an insured deceased breadwinner, are called labor pensions (in everyday speech - insurance pensions). It always consists of two parts - fixed and variable (for citizens of a certain year of birth and meeting certain conditions, it is possible to receive not only the insurance part, but also the funded part). The insurance is directly proportional to the number of points, the so-called “points,” that were awarded to the resident throughout his life, and the accumulative is directly proportional to the degree of success in investing these funds.

Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 424-FZ. Articles 4 and 6. Persons entitled to a funded pension and conditions for receiving it

How to calculate?

Formula for calculating the pension income of the insured person:

fixed part + number of points * price of one point

Points are awarded based on two parameters:

• how much a person has worked in his entire life;
• how much insurance premiums he (or the employer) paid while working.

The number of points you earn directly depends on your earnings. So, if for a minimum salary of ten thousand rubles you will be awarded only 1 point, then for a salary of 85 thousand - 8.7 points. In this case, only the official part of earnings is taken into account, from which insurance premiums are paid.

Every year the state sets a price for one point. When calculating retiree income, the number of points a person has earned over a lifetime is multiplied by the value of the point. The price of a point increases every year, as does inflation.

The legislation provides for situations when insurance premiums are not received on behalf of a citizen, but his points are still added. Grace periods include:

1. Maternity leave until the baby is one and a half years old (the maximum period of general maternity leave is six years).
2. Service in the armed forces upon conscription.
3. Caring for a person with disabilities.
4. Caring for the elderly over eighty years of age.

It may happen that a citizen was employed during the grace period, but his wages were very low. For example, a maternity leave official was working. In this case, the citizen can independently choose: to count the points as for the grace period or as for the time of work.

Insurance pension calculator

Before 2002 year, worker data was used to calculate the pension length of service citizens. After the pension reform and until 2014 monthly were introduced contributions, subtracted from salary, which included an insurance and savings part.

Now the support system has switched to I give you points insurance calculation scheme pensions. A person has the right choose, what part he will form with deductions - only insurance or insurance together with funded.

What is the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension?

In order for us to understand the difference between insurance and social pensions, it is important to understand their concepts.

IMPORTANT: At the moment, labor and insurance pensions are almost identical concepts. Work experience is taken into account only for the period before 2002; since 2002, the pension is calculated according to the length of service and the number of contributions.

In connection with this clarification, below in the article we will analyze the difference between insurance and social pensions. To complete the picture, it is necessary to consider all the nuances of similarities and differences.

Conditions for assigning an insurance pension:

1. Arrival of retirement age - 55 years for women and 60 for men. Workers in some industries, such as mining, metallurgy, loading operations, driving public transport, etc., have the right to retire early.
2. Term insurance length of service depending on the year of application. The indicator changes annually, in 2017 it is 8 years.

Insurance experience - this is the total working time length of service, during which contributions to the pension fund were deducted from the salary. In addition to working days, it includes:

• service in the Russian troops;
• maternity leave up to 1.5 years;
• caring for a disabled person, an elderly person 80 years of age and older;
• residence of the spouse at the place of military service of the husband/wife;
• period without work if registered with the employment service;
• temporary disability with receipt of social benefits;
• public Works;
• moving in the direction of an employment center, etc.

The experience does not include:

• maternity leave from 1.5 to 3 years,
• vacation at your own expense,
• temporary suspension from work due to the fault of the employee,
• periods of downtime at enterprises.

Points or coefficients - this is a quantity that depends on quantities And amounts contributions to the pension fund. The minimum indicator for assigning a labor pension changes annually:

• in 2017 it will be 11.4 points,
• in 2018 - 13.8 points,
• in 2019 - 16.2 points.

REFERENCE: If a citizen refuses the accumulative part of the contributions, the accrual is carried out against the insurance part, therefore, it brings more points. It is better to make a choice in the next 3 years, since in 2021 the insurance direction will bring 10 points, mixed - 6.25.

So, the insurance pension in 2017 consists of out of three components:

1. Basic part, or federal payment - an amount fixed by law. The indicator is indexed annually.

IN 2017 year the guaranteed minimum is:

• for pensioners over 80 years of age and disabled people of group 1 - 9610.22 rubles;
• for old age pensioners, disabled people of groups 1-2 - 4823.37 rubles;
• for disabled people of group 3 and persons who have lost their breadwinner - 2411.69 rubles.

IMPORTANT: An expanded list of basic payments, which takes into account “northern allowances” and the number of dependents, can be found on the PRF website.

2 . Individual pension coefficient(IPK) - an indicator reflecting the number of contributions made for an employee.

3 . Premium coefficient(PC) - an indicator that increases payments for working pensioners.

Types of insurance pension

Old age insurance pension

Old-age pension payments are granted until the end of life. The retirement age this year is: 60 years for men, 55 For women n. For state and municipal employees holding high positions, the number of years has been increased to 65 for men and 63 for women.

To qualify for this type of payment this year, an applicant must have at least 8 years of insurance length of service And 11,4 insurance points. The requirements are increasing annually, and by 2024 the length of experience will reach 15 years, the value of points will be 30.

Submit application to the fund possible at any time after reaching the required age. If a citizen prepares documents in advance, the transfer occurs no earlier than required by law.

Standard package of documents includes:

• statement;
• citizen's passport or residence permit;
• SNILS;
• certificate of average monthly salary in the period before 2002;
• work record book, employment contracts, dismissal orders, personal accounts, certificates of renaming of enterprises and other documents that can confirm both work and insurance experience;
• other papers at the request of the Russian Federation.

REFERENCE: A citizen has the right to first submit an application and part of the documents, and then within three months bring the missing papers.

Appointment due to disability

If disabled person any group has at least some insurance length of service, he has the right to apply for a disability pension. To obtain the service, the applicant must include an extract from the inspection report in the standard package.

Term appointments depends from quantity contributions, deducted from the salary. If the recipient has at least 8 years of experience and a sufficient amount of points, payments are made before the old-age pension is assigned. If he does not meet the conditions of the new program, he switches to social security at age 65 (for men) or 60 (for women).

Pension for people who have lost a relative

The following are entitled to the service:

• dependents of the deceased;
• minor relatives or full-time students;
• parents, husband/wife, grandparents of retirement age;
• relatives raising minor children;
• disabled citizens who are related to the deceased.

The length of service of the deceased does not matter, only its presence is important.

REFERENCE: If family members register an application within a year, the date of assignment of payments is considered to be the day of death of the breadwinner. If the deadline is exceeded, the service will be considered completed from the moment the documents are submitted.

The standard package of papers must be accompanied by certificate about death and documents confirming kinship— marriage or divorce certificate, family composition certificate, birth certificate, guardianship agreement, adoptive parent’s certificate or other documents.

Social pension and how it differs from labor pension

Social pension— monthly transfers from the pension fund to persons who are unable to work. This:

• veterans The Great Patriotic War and residents of besieged Leningrad who received disability due to intentional harm to health;
• disabled people all groups;
• minors and university students under 23 years of age, lost parents;
• older men 65 , women - 60 years, living in Russia for 15 years and not meeting the conditions for obtaining a labor pension;
• representatives of small ethnic groups of the North who have reached 55 years of age (for men) or 50 years of age (for women).

What is the difference

Social pension, in contrast to labor (insurance), is transferred from the country's budget. The amount of payments is fixed and does not depend on length of service. If a citizen has the right to both types of pensions, he is given the right to choose the largest option.

Let's look at each type of social pension:

Old age security

Terms of registration:

• residence in Russia;
• reaching the age of incapacity;
• belonging to ethnic minorities of the north.

The amount of old-age transfers is 5034.25 rubles. Payments are made until the end of life, without an extension period.

Loss of a parent or close relative who financially provides for the citizen

Appointed children under 18 years old, as well as full-time students before graduation. The amount of payment to persons who have lost one of their parents is 5034,2 5 rubles, both parents or a single mother - 10,068.53 rubles.

To apply for benefits, representatives the child must be brought to the pension fund certificate about death, as well as papers indicating related communication - documents about marriage, adoption, certificate of residence, etc. Confirmation of the status of a single mother is necessary with a birth certificate with a dash in the “Father” column or a certificate from the registry office that the father’s name was entered at the request of the mother.

Payments to disabled people of groups 1, 2, 3 and disabled children

Depending on the diagnosis and course of the disease, the pension is assigned both for life and for a certain period. To extend payments, it is necessary to undergo repeated examinations.

The amount of the disability pension is presented in the table.

IMPORTANT: After passing a medical examination, the citizen or his representatives are given 12 months to complete documents for a pension. A mandatory document to confirm disability is an extract from the Bureau of Medical and Social Examination (BMSE).

Documentation required for registration:

Since the amount of payments for non-working citizens by law cannot be lower than the subsistence level, allowances:

1. Federal the surcharge is added in regions with a cost of living below the Russian average.
2. Regional additional payments are made in those places where the standard of living of pensioners is higher, but the assigned pension is below the regional minimum.

PLEASE NOTE: According to the PRF data for April 2017, the average level of social old-age pension is 8,742 rubles, insurance pension is 13,655 rubles.

Which pension is greater - social or labor?

So, in most cases insurance(labor) pension more social. However, the size of the first depends on the size of contributions and length of service. Therefore, the amount of social contributions may be higher. Before making a decision, we recommend that you consult with the PRF branch or use the online calculator on the website www.pfrf.ru.

2002 brought many changes. First of all, they affected pension savings. Now the labor pension is divided into several components. In this regard, future retirees may have a question: What is the difference between an insurance pension and a social pension and labor pension?.

Differences between an insurance pension and a social pension

To understand h This is the difference between a social pension and an insurance pension; it is necessary to understand their concepts and calculation conditions.

An insurance pension is a certain monetary compensation paid to an employee upon reaching retirement age. Unlike social insurance, insurance payments are accrued only if several conditions are met. Namely:

• Insurance experience. For 2018, it must be at least 9 years. Moreover, with each subsequent year it will increase. So in 2024 it will be equal to 15 years. In other words, if you have worked for 15 full years, you are entitled to payment of the insurance portion.
• An important point is wage level. After all, insurance payments directly depend on it. It is important that monthly payments are official. To do this, when applying for a job, you are required to fill out an employment contract. However, many employers divide an employee’s salary into gray and white. And the white salary, as a rule, does not much exceed the subsistence level.
• Official employment. The size of the insurance payment directly depends on the contributions to the Pension Fund from the employer for each employee. If an employment contract was not concluded with you when you were hired, then you work on an unofficial basis and cannot claim payment of the insurance portion.

Since 2015, a point system for calculating insurance pensions has been introduced. That is, upon reaching the established age, you must have 15 years of insurance experience, and the total points for the years worked must be 30 points.

In this case, the size of the joint venture is calculated using a formula where the main indicator is the Individual Pension Coefficient. It does not have a fixed value and is individual for each employee. It is influenced by:

• Salary level (proportional to the number of annual points).
• Insurance experience (at least 15 years by 2024).
• A break in work activity due to caring for a disabled person or military service.

In addition to citizens who have reached the required age, insurance payments can be provided to disabled people (with the appropriate certificate) and in the event of the loss of a breadwinner.

The social state pension, unlike the insurance pension, is calculated regardless of length of service. That is, if you worked on an informal basis or could not work for certain reasons, then such monetary compensation will still be paid to you. But the amount of payments will be minimal.

Kinds

There are differences between the insurance pension and the state pension. In this regard, they can be divided into several types.

Types of insurance cash payments

• Insurance payments upon reaching a specified age. When you have worked sufficiently, you have the right to retire. To receive the insurance portion, you need to work 15 full years on an official basis and collect 30 pension points. This condition will apply in 2024. If you go on vacation this year, then you only need to work for 9 years and have 8.7 B.
• Insurance pension compensations. They are paid to people who are unable to work due to illness. When applying for SP, you must have in hand a certificate issued by the medical commission. In this case, the disability group will not matter.
• Payments compensating for the loss of a breadwinner. In the event of the death of one of the parents, the child has the right to receive his pension. However, the deceased parent must have insurance coverage. If there is none, then the child will be paid social compensation.

The following may apply for insurance benefits for a deceased relative:

• Children under the age of majority.
• Children under 23 years of age studying at a university or other educational institutions on a full-time basis.
• Unemployed elderly parents who lived dependently on their deceased son (daughter).
• Close relatives who are not working due to caring for the children of the deceased.
• First-degree relatives who have a degree of disability and lived at the expense of the deceased citizen.

Please note: families in which the father or mother is declared missing are also entitled to insurance payments.

Types of social payments

Like insurance pensions, social pensions are paid in the same cases, and therefore they are divided into the same types. However, the procedure and conditions for them differ. Social compensation is due to those citizens who were unable to accumulate sufficient insurance work experience. The only exceptions are disabled people. They can receive insurance benefits if they have at least one day of SS.

A child recognized as disabled is entitled to increased social benefits. Since he cannot have insurance experience, and, accordingly, a joint venture. In the future, upon reaching working age, such a child will be recognized as disabled since childhood and will be able to receive increased social benefits.

Who is entitled to it?

Citizens receive social and insurance money in the same cases, but under different conditions.

Pensioners can claim the insurance part if:

• They will accumulate enough.
• Collect the required number of points.
• Will have a salary level sufficient to comply with the above conditions.

If you have not managed to accumulate the required length of service and the required number of points, you will be paid a social pension.

For disabled people and families who have lost their breadwinner, insurance payments are made subject to the following conditions:

• Citizens who have an official certificate from a medical institution must have 1 day of insurance work experience, for which the director of the enterprise transferred contributions to the Pension Fund.
• Families can receive insurance compensation in cases where the deceased relative had insurance experience.

Important: disabled people can apply for SP regardless of the group assigned to them.

How does an insurance pension differ from a labor pension?

According to the Federal Law “On State Pension Provision”, a labor pension can be divided into two components – insurance and funded. In fact, insurance and labor pensions are identical concepts, or, to be more precise, they replace each other. Since 2002, labor pensions have been abolished. They were replaced by savings and insurance.

Who is eligible for payments?

The following can receive an insurance pension:

• People with sufficient official work.
• People who have accumulated the required number of points by the time they go on vacation.
• People who receive a sufficient official salary that allows them to meet the conditions stated above.

On the PF website you can use an electronic calculator and, based on your salary, calculate the annual number of points.

Example: the cost of living in the Voronezh region for 2018 is 9292 rubles. If the official salary is equal to 10,000 rubles, and the rest of the salary is paid in the form of bonuses and allowances, then only 20% of the salary will go to the Pension Fund. At the same time, a citizen will be able to receive only 1.18 points per year. Over 15 full years, the total point amount will be 17.7 B. But to receive insurance payments in old age, you need to score 30 points.

Of course, this is only a conditional calculation, but it clearly demonstrates the dependence of insurance payments on the level of wages.

Funded pension– these are monthly payments received by a citizen from the moment he stops working and reaches retirement age. Many people are concerned about the question: what is the difference between the funded part and the insurance part? Unlike the insurance part, the savings part can be invested in profitable projects and, if the business is successful, receive dividends. The pensioner, if desired, can receive the entire accumulated amount at once. In addition, if the insurance portion is transferred only to the Pension Fund or Vneshtorgbank, then the savings portion can be saved in any bank of your choice.

To receive the funded part of the pension also conditions are provided:

• A citizen can receive the accumulated amount until retirement only in the form of a lump sum payment, and subject to the presence of a disability group.
• After reaching retirement age, a citizen can independently choose the preferred method of receiving money (monthly or lump sum).
• If a citizen continues to work at the time of retirement, then he cannot receive all the savings at once.
• The amount of monthly payments depends on the size of the savings portion.

Let's take a closer look at how a labor pension differs from an insurance pension.

The difference between an insurance pension and a labor pension

Pension reform began back in 2002. Then, for the first time, the labor pension was divided into insurance and funded. The main goal of the reform was to improve the demographic situation in Russia. According to data provided by representatives of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, in 2002 the number of citizens who retired exceeded the total number of the officially employed population. Therefore, it was decided to make several amendments to the procedure for calculating pension payments.

Now the total amount of old-age payments consisted of the base part and insurance contributions made by the employer to the Pension Fund. This procedure was established with the aim of legalizing labor relations and reducing the number of unemployed citizens. The employer was obliged to pay about 26% of the employee's salary towards health and social insurance (6%) and the Pension Fund (20%).

Beginning since 2015 A new procedure for calculating old-age insurance payments was introduced. Now the formation of a future pension is influenced not only by length of service, but also by the level of wages. To receive the insurance part, you need to score a certain number of points (30 B for 2024). Their annual number depended on the amount of insurance premiums. Accordingly, the higher the salary a citizen receives, the more money he will receive in old age.

Until 2002, the labor pension was calculated based on earnings taken over the last 2 years of work. Or based on the highest amount of income received for any 5 consecutive years. At the same time, a certain limit of interest was established, calculated from the salary on account of the pension fund.

Since 1998, a new calculation system was introduced, where the IPC (individual pension coefficient) played a decisive role. This calculation procedure is still in effect today. You can read more about this .

A full explanation on the topic: “what is the difference between an insurance pension and a funded pension” from a professional lawyer with answers to all your questions.