Developmental activities with a newborn. Raising a child up to one year old: main tips for parents Activities for children from birth

So, there is a happy event in your family - a child was born. From now on, he has a long way to go from a tiny lump to an almost conscious one-year-old baby. No matter how fast he develops, he will learn a lot in the first 12 months and will never learn everything at that speed again. (the baby learns to observe others, smile, coo, roll over, sit on his butt, walk, play and much, much more...). It is not always clear to young mothers whether the baby has problems in development or, on the contrary, it is advancing ahead of schedule. Purpose of the article— tell what changes happen to your child in each of the 12 months of his first year, what the baby learns in the first year of his life and how he perceives the world around him.

Each baby, just like an adult, is individual and each child develops individually, but something common in the development of newborn children occurs in the same way.

Monthly development calendar

First month

A difficult month for young mothers. The first month of a newborn’s life is usually called the adaptation period. He sleeps almost 70% of the time. Sleep is very important for a baby. In a dream he grows ( On average, in the first month a child grows 2-3 cm.), and the body gets used to the new environment. During wakefulness, he randomly waves his arms clenched into fists and legs bent at the knee. Towards the end of the first month, the child is already able to hold his head briefly, focus his gaze on bright toys, the faces of adults, make vowel sounds and listen to the conversation of others.

Pediatricians consider it important to attach to the mother's breast in the first two hours of a child's life. They believe that at this time “emotional contact” is created between the baby and mother. This is when the mother begins to feel the baby from a distance, his feelings, needs.

Nutrition is very important during this period of a child’s life. On average, in the first month a child gains about 600-700 grams of weight. Under no circumstances should you rush your child during feeding. After all, when he feeds on his mother’s milk, he also enjoys the warmth and care of his mother at that moment.

At birth, a child has innate reflexes, thanks to which he adapts to the environment. But during the first months of life, some of them disappear. These reflexes include the reflex:

• Sucking (touching the tongue to an object);
• Swimming (if you put his stomach on the water, he will make swimming movements);
• Grasping (touching his hand, he squeezes it into a fist);
• Search (search for mother's breast);
• Walking reflex (if you hold a child, he begins to move his legs as if he were walking) and many others.

The following reflexes remain with the child throughout his life: blinking, sneezing, yawning, flinching, etc.

It is by reflexes that pediatricians and child psychologists determine the condition and development of the child’s nervous system. .

And in the first month of a child’s life, mothers need to surround him not only with warmth, care, and safety, but also to accustom him to a day-night routine by the end of the first month.

In the first two weeks, do not forget to treat your baby’s umbilical wound ().

• Weight gain is approximately 600-700 grams, height gain is 2-3 cm.
• Eats every 2 hours, at night on average 3-5 times.
• Sleeps a lot, stays awake 2-4 hours a day.
• Actions are still reflexive.
• The movements are chaotic, the fists are clenched.
• When a child lies on his stomach, he tries to raise his head.
• The main way of communicating with the world is crying. This is how the child makes it clear that he is hungry, that he has a wet diaper, that something hurts, or that he just wants attention. The child may whine or grunt, which is how he also tells his mother about discomfort.
• Able to fix his gaze on stationary objects for some time - his mother’s face or a hanging toy.
• Reacts to loud and sharp sounds - bells, toys, bells. He may listen, shudder and even cry.
• Recognizes mother's voice and smell and reacts to them.
• If you communicate with the child all the time, then by the end of 1 month his own “speech” will begin to appear - humming, or cooing.

Second month

The second month of a child’s development can be called a period of “revival.” During this period, he not only looks at your face, but can also discern your emotional state. Are you smiling at him or, on the contrary, are you angry, calm or sad? And when you approach his crib, the baby begins to wave his arms and legs chaotically. In the second month of life, the child holds his head more confidently. Towards the end of the second month, the child should gain 800 grams in weight, and his height should increase by another 3 cm.

• He grew by 3 cm, the weight gain ranged from 700 g to 1 kg.
• Becomes more active - stays awake for an average of 15-20 minutes per hour. May confuse day with night and want to play and communicate when parents are sleeping.
• Able to lift and hold the head for a short time.
• He spreads his arms to the sides, turns over from his side to his back.
• He actively hums, as if singing the sounds “a”, “o”, “u”, combinations of “aha”, “agu”, “bu”.
• Demonstrates a “revitalization complex.” It manifests itself in a wide smile, stretching out arms and legs to mother and actively moving them, humming.
• Soothes during sucking and in hands.
• He can follow an object with his gaze, carefully monitor approaching or receding objects, and turn his head towards the source of sound.
• Coordination of movements improves. The child can spread his limbs to the sides, he has already found his hands and explores them with pleasure - examining them, sucking his fingers.
• The hands are clenched into fists, but you can straighten the baby’s palms and put a rattle there, he will try to hold it.
• The first attempts to reach the object appear.
• Vision improves, the child begins to distinguish colors, and the first understanding appears that the world is full of colors.
• The newborn's reflexes fade.

Third month

By the third month, the baby holds his head more confidently. Can rest on his forearms if placed on his tummy. It is important to turn him over on his tummy more often during this period, this will help him get rid of the gases that have formed in the stomach and help strengthen the muscles of his neck and back. And also do not let him lie on his side for a long time, this can lead to curvature of the spine.

During this period, the child looks more intently at bright toys. Can talk to himself, make not only single vowel sounds, but also consonants. Becomes more curious about the things and events around him. He himself sticks the pacifier out of his mouth, and then tries to put it back.

By the end of the third month, the child should gain about 800 grams in weight and 3 cm in height. The period between sleep can be 1-1.5 hours. Be sure to surround him with care and warmth. Talk to him more often, hug him, kiss him, take him in your arms and walk around the room with him.

• Height - increase 3-3.5 cm. Weight - increase 750 g.
• Night sleep lengthens, daytime sleep shortens.
• Lying on his stomach, the child holds his head for 20-25 seconds, in an upright position for up to 15 seconds, and easily turns it in different directions.
• He turns to one side from his back and tries to lean on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
• Smiles, recognizes loved ones, hums, “sings” during communication.
• Becomes more emotional, knows how to laugh out loud, and parodies the facial expressions of his parents.
• Knows how to scream and cry to express dissatisfaction and demand attention. Observant parents may even notice the first manifestations of their baby's character.
• Easily recognizes light and sound sources.
• If the mother holds the child above a hard surface, he pushes off from the support and, as it were, “bounces” and kicks his legs.
• The palms are already straightened, the baby pulls his hands towards the offered toy and tries to grab it, tries to hit the rattle located above him. He will definitely put a toy in his hands and put it in his mouth.
• The baby has already found his legs and is trying to explore his face with his hands.
• Movements generally become voluntary.

Fourth month

By the fourth month, the baby can confidently hold his head up. Reacts and turns around to sound. Lying on his tummy, he can lean on his arms and straighten them. Can independently reach for a toy, grab it, examine it closely, and taste it. Identify your mother from other people.

• Height + 2.5 cm, weight + 700 g.
• Rolls over from back to stomach, holds his head well and turns it to the sides, confidently supports his body on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
• Makes the first attempts to sit up, raises the upper body.
• Crawling on his stomach in a crib or on a rug.
• Voluntarily grabs and holds a toy with one or two hands, tastes it.
• The child gets his favorite toys.
• Makes the first conscious manipulations with objects: knocking, throwing.
• Supports breast or bottle when feeding.
• The babbling gradually begins to be replaced by babbling, the first syllables appear - “ma”, “ba”, “pa”.
• Fixes gaze and closely follows moving objects.
• He looks at his reflection in the mirror.
• When communicating, the child gives preference to his mother and is capricious, even if she has left only for a short time.
• Distinguishes between friends and strangers, actively smiles, laughs, and can even squeal with delight.
• Reacts to music - calms down when he hears it and listens carefully.
• Reacts when his name is spoken.

Fifth month

This is a new leap in the development of your child. During this period, he can already roll over on his own. Some people at this age try to sit on their butts. Crawling on the floor or crib tummy. They are trying to get to their feet. It is very important to hold the baby by the armpits and teach him to walk. In order to train the leg muscles and relieve him in the future from flat feet and “bouncing” while walking. The child can already clearly identify people close to him from strangers. He makes sounds more confidently, although not yet consciously. Teach him to pronounce the simplest words, such as dad, mom, grandpa, grandma. On average, in the fifth month your child will gain about 2.5 cm in height and about 700 grams in weight.

• Height +2.5, weight + 700 g.
• He knows how to roll over from his back to his stomach and back, rests on his palms, confidently holds his head in an upright position, and looks around.
• Can sit with support for some time.
• An important sign of normal development of the nervous system is the distinction between friends and strangers. A child may be wary when a stranger appears, will be reluctant to go into his arms, may get scared and cry loudly. He prefers to be in his parents' arms.
• He himself encourages parents to communicate, reaches out to his mother, smiles, babbles, pronounces the first syllables. If there is not enough communication, the child becomes capricious.
• Willingly plays with objects - pulls them towards him, throws them, knocks, licks them.
• Plays while eating.
• Some children suck their toes.
• He looks at the faces in the pictures with interest.
• Most children are starting to teethe.

Sixth month

At this age, the child can already distinguish his name from another name. He can sit on his butt without help, although he still cannot squat on his own. Confidently holds toys in his hands, transfers them from one hand to another. Lying on his tummy, he can pull up his legs and try to get on all fours. Learns to pronounce individual syllables: pa-pa, ma-ma.

Note to moms!

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Many people at this age begin to feed their child a variety of foods. Just try not to give him salty and sweet foods, because... the kidneys and intestines are not yet developed enough for this. Consult your doctor about what foods you can give your baby at this age.

• Height +2.5 cm, weight +700g.
• Sits independently and sits for a while.
• He crawls “on his bellies” and is able to crawl to a toy lying 10-20 cm from him.
• Gets on all fours and rocks back and forth. This is an important indicator - this is how the child prepares for full crawling.
• Tilts and turns in different directions.
• Drinks from a mug if you hold it, plays with food.
• Picks up fallen objects, moves a toy from hand to hand or from one box to another.
• He studies with interest and can break surrounding objects.
• Simple cause-and-effect relationships are formed: pushed an object - it fell, pressed a button - the music turned on.
• He looks at the large object that his mother is talking about.
• The child is very emotional, his mood constantly changes, he screams when he is dissatisfied and laughs loudly when they play with him.
• Enjoys playing peek-a-boo and can clap his hands.
• Listens attentively to human speech and reproduces sounds and syllables, actively babbles. The consonants “z”, “s”, “v”, “f” appear.

Seventh month

By the seventh month, the child already becomes restless. He can easily roll on his own from his back to his tummy or to his side. He distinguishes objects and if you ask him, for example, to say where the watch is, he will turn his head a little to the sides and show it. With the help of others, he can walk and crawl independently, mainly backwards. He hits toys against each other, throws them and watches with concentration as they fall to the floor or hit the wall, often smiling at the same time.

Children at this age love to swim, as they already sit confidently and can play with toys. Therefore, it is necessary to accustom him to bathing during this period. Tell what part of the body is called what and then ask him to show and name them. So that he remembers what they are called.

In terms of diet, it will be useful to give a child at this age some cottage cheese and meat to replenish the supply of calcium in the body, for its further growth and to speed up the process of teething. Potassium, for normal heart function and protein, for muscle growth.

At this age, try to keep the floor, toys, and objects that the child can grab clean. Because at this age he will taste them, i.e. Everything he comes across will be shoved into his mouth.

By the end of the seventh month, the child should gain an average of about 550-600 grams in weight and 2 cm in height.

• Height +2 cm, weight + 600 g.
• Sits confidently, holds his back straight, sometimes leans on his hand.
• The skill of crawling appears or improves; some children crawl backwards.
• Removes food from spoon, drinks from a mug with support.
• He stands at the support himself and is able to stand for some time.
• He loves to “walk” when his mother supports him under the arms or by the arms.
• Grasping movements are improved and fine motor skills of the hands develop. The child is delighted with finger games - “Magpie-Crow”, “Ladushki”.
• He enjoys studying the properties of surrounding objects: knocking them, shaking them, throwing them on the floor, disassembling them, breaking them, putting them in his mouth. Can hold a toy in each hand and bang them together.
• Shows where his eyes, nose, mouth, ears are, examines himself with his hands and mouth.
• Begins to copy the behavior of adults.
• Actively babbles, sings the sounds “ta”, “da”, “ma”, “na”, “ba”, “pa”, onomatopoeia “av-av”, “kva-kva” and others appear.
• He enjoys looking at pictures in books and flipping through the pages.
• Determines by tone of voice what “no” means.

Eighth month

At this age, the main thing is not to leave one child alone at the top. Since he can already move independently and sit down. Looks at new toys with interest. Can identify mom and dad from strangers from photographs. Can understand the game “okay” or the well-known “peek-a-boo”. If you ask him to wave his hand, he will wave it at you with pleasure. A little begins to understand what is being asked of him. Tries to eat on his own.

• Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
• He is very attached to his mother, even a short separation is very painful, and is wary of strangers.
• He sits, stands up, walks with side steps at the support and forward, holding hands.
• Moves freely in familiar spaces.
• Can carry out simple tasks - bring, show.
• Actions with objects become correlative: the child covers the jars with lids, strings the rings of the pyramid.
• The range of emotions expands, you can notice dissatisfaction, surprise, joy, delight, perseverance.
• The first conscious words appear - “mom”, “dad”, “give”.
• The vocabulary is actively growing, new babbling sounds and words are constantly appearing.
• He loves to listen to music, dance to it, clap his hands and stomp his feet.

Ninth month

By grabbing onto a nearby chair, sofa or playpen, the child can get up and move independently, holding on to them. He falls, cries and gets back up. During this period, the child learns to walk independently. Likes to repeat words after adults, or rather syllables. Can already drink from a cup held by an adult.

• Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
• Gets up from a sitting position, sits down from a lying position, stands and walks with support. Tries to climb onto the sofa, chair, armchair, and open drawers.
• Unfolds while crawling.
• Knows where to put toys and where mom put this or that item away. He wants to get everything that surrounds him.
• He actively shows emotions towards his parents - he is dissatisfied and breaks out when his mother cleans his ears or cuts his nails, he gets scared if he has lost sight of his mother.
• Tries to manipulate adults by screaming and crying.
• He tries to eat himself with a spoon and shows his first independence in dressing.
• Fine motor skills are improved - the child can pick up small objects and put his fingers into holes. He can crush a piece of plasticine and tear paper.
• Remembers the names of objects and can show them.
• Repeats the actions of adults and can carry out some instructions. Likes to do everything in public, repeats the action if asked.
• Knows the meaning of the words “lie down”, “give”, “go”, “sit”.
• Speech is actively developing. The child’s own “language” is formed, understandable only to close people.

Tenth month

At this age, the child imitates adults and animals with his movements. Can play with toys independently and confidently holds them in his hands. He can leaf through books with his fingers. With the help of adults, he can play with other children. He understands when he is told “no”.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Sits from a standing position, quickly crawls, can stand without support and tries to walk.
• Loves to dance, stomp, clap.
• Small finger movements become more perfect, the child holds two or three small objects in one hand.
• Performs complex actions: opens and closes, hides, takes away.
• Repeats movements and reproduces facial expressions of adults.
• Uses mostly one hand.
• He understands what needs to be done with objects - he rolls a car, pushes a tumbler, assembles a pyramid, builds towers from two or three cubes.
• Likes to put objects into each other, drag them from place to place.
• More interested in small objects than large ones.
• Finds logical connections - for example, he can move a car with a stick or a slipper.
• He can show parts of his face, his mother’s, or a doll’s.
• Can pronounce the names of surrounding objects and animals.

Eleventh month

This is practically an “adult child”. He moves independently with support, sits, crawls, and stands up. Understands simple requests. Can name most objects. He is learning to pronounce his first words, although with intonation for now.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Moves actively, sits, stands up, lies down, can walk a short distance without support.
• Tries to show independence - eats with a spoon, drinks from a mug, puts on socks and shoes.
• He reacts very vividly to a new toy, to an unfamiliar environment, to strangers.
• Understands strict speech. He knows what “impossible” is, understands from his mother’s reaction whether he did good or bad.
• Loves praise.
• He babbles a lot and communicates in his own “language”, clearly says the words “mom”, “dad”, “baba”.
• Uses different means of expressing his desires, except for crying - he points his finger, looks away.
• Waves goodbye.
• Nods affirmatively or shakes his head negatively.
• Loves musical toys and bright illustrations in books.
• Grabs beads or beans with index finger and thumb.

Twelfth month

At almost one year of age, in most cases, the child already begins to walk independently without support and stand. They actively participate in the process of feeding, bathing and dressing. Shows feeling care for toys. Feeds them and puts them to bed. Repeats sounds he hears on the street, on TV or at home. Begins to pronounce the first words. True, these words are not always clear to everyone. But those who listen carefully to the child will understand them.

• Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
• Stands, gets up from a squatting position, walks independently.
• Steps over obstacles and crouches to pick up an object from the floor.
• Actively participates in everything that concerns him - dressing, washing hands, brushing teeth.
• Uses a spoon, drinks from a mug, and knows how to chew solid food.
• Food addictions are clearly manifested - the baby does not eat if he does not like the food.
• Needs parents and is attached to his toys. The absence of mom or dad is painful.
• Assembles and disassembles toys; if you need to free your hand, you put the object under your arm or in your mouth.
• Knows how to use objects - a telephone, a hammer, a broom.
• Looks for an object, even if he did not see where it was placed.
• He understands everything that is said to him.
• He talks about his desires - “give”, “here”, calls mom, dad, grandma. A child’s vocabulary per year is 10-15 words.

All the above indicators are conditional. The development of a child depends on many factors - heredity, living conditions, and social environment. Get joy from communicating with your baby, praise him for his successes and don’t be upset if he hasn’t learned something yet. Everything has its time. Your child is the best, and it is in your power to help him become a harmonious, developed little person.

Summarized:

The development of a child in one year is very rapid. In just 365 days, a child turns from a tiny person who can’t do anything and doesn’t know anything into a reasonable one. At 1 year old, he can already walk, sit down, stand up, eat, drink, play, speak, feel and understand on his own. The main thing is to protect the child with care and love at this time. Never swear in front of your child. Even though he is small, he still feels and understands everything. Raise your children healthy, smart and strong!

Height and weight gain chart

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Film: Child development by month - a calendar of the physical and mental development of a baby up to one year old

You can immediately go to the desired month and study detailed articles:

The baby's intensive development occurs in the first year of his life. Every day, parents notice changes in his facial expressions, sounds, and skills. The best way to help your baby explore the world is through play. The large selection of different techniques and ready-made materials can be confusing at first. There are also entire developmental programs from birth. It seems that one is more effective than the other. How can new parents understand what the modern world offers today? What activities and games are relevant in this or that period? In this article you can find answers to these questions and learn a lot of interesting things.

Child development stages

The first important stage in the life of every child is the first month of life, when it is also commonly called a newborn. The second stage is up to three months of life, when the baby begins to actively move and roll over. Next comes a very important period of up to six months. At this stage, the child develops the ability to crawl and hold a toy in his hand. The baby actively makes various sounds, reacts to the adult’s voice and tries to conduct his own dialogue. To help your baby explore the world in all its bright colors, you don’t need to spend a lot of effort. Everything an adult needs can be at hand.

The third stage is up to twelve months of age. By this period, the baby already knows a lot of new things, and even greater discoveries await him. An adult must help the child say the first word and take the first steps. And to make this happen, there are several tricks that are easy to use during the child's development process.

When you find yourself in a children's store or go to an online store page, it is best to focus on the gradation of sections by age. Toys and other children's products should not only be of high quality, affordable and safe. They must teach the child something at this stage of development.

First three months

How to develop a child from birth and how necessary is this in the first days of his life? Time flies with a newborn. It seems that one day is the same as the next. This is because global changes are taking place in the life of the baby and his mother. At this stage, the question of how to develop a child from birth is not at all in the first place for parents. Indeed, teaching him colors and sounds at this stage will not be relevant at all. What is the most important thing in the first month of a baby’s life? Maintaining a sense of closeness and presence next to the baby. Therefore, pediatricians recommend touching him more often during periods of wakefulness, stroking him, holding him in your arms, and talking in a soft and calm voice.

From the second month of life, the baby has more time when he is awake. And this is a good reason for new discoveries. How to properly develop a child from birth and what should you pay attention to? The mother may notice how the child begins to react to loud sounds. If he cries, the sound of a rattle can distract your baby for a while. It will be better if the toy is multi-colored, two or three colors. In the future, this will allow us to continue developing lessons on learning colors.

The development of facial expressions in a baby during the first three months of life occurs unnoticed by others. Everything is very simple, he distinguishes between a smile and the faces of those who are nearby. If the mother is happy, the baby responds to her in the same way.

Development through music

The child begins to respond to voices and sounds from birth. The mother may notice clearer movements after the first month of life, when the baby begins to turn his head in response to her voice. How to develop a child’s response to sounds and voice from birth? There are several ways:

• The mother's voice is the one the baby hears most often. You can sing songs, talk about what someone is doing at the moment, what they are doing. The main thing is to monitor the timbre of your voice and the pace of speech. The voice should be calm, soft, melodic. In this way, the baby gets to know his mother’s mood, learns and imitates. In the future, the child will copy the speech of his parents and imitate them, pronouncing words in the same style.
• Instrumental music and sounds of nature help to calm down, immerse yourself in another space where the imagination develops. If this is music without words, then it should be calm, quiet, without sudden changes. You should turn on music when your child is in a good mood. It promotes relaxation and reduces the feeling of anxiety that is characteristic of a baby during the first three months of life.
• For babies aged three months and older, when their waking hours become longer, musical instruments can be suggested as educational toys. You shouldn’t buy a drum or harpsichord right away. A small bell, children's small maracas, rattles that are comfortable to hold in your hand will become the first guides to the world of loud and ringing sounds. Some educational toys and rugs combine several of these functions.

During a monthly examination with a pediatrician, the doctor must give recommendations on how to develop a child from birth month by month. For babies in the first three months of life, it is extremely important to feel the presence of a loving parent. Therefore, recently more and more doctors are advocating that mothers should not refuse to sleep together with their baby, at least during the daytime. This develops in the child a sense of confidence that he was not left alone, he is needed and is protected. In the future, this will have an impact on the child’s connection with the adult, their relationship.

In the third month of life, it is recommended to take the first course of massage. It will develop muscles and joints and strengthen the skeleton. After such activities, babies begin to roll over, sit up, and then crawl faster. This is an important stage in a child's development.

Fourth month

An inquisitive baby is becoming more and more active and at this time he has to do a lot of things. He studies himself, so his hands go into his mouth as often as anything that happens to be nearby. At this stage, suitable educational games for children from birth (in particular, for a four-month-old baby) are:

• Developmental mats that will encourage your baby to roll over and reach up for a toy. The best place for this is to clean the floor.
• The crib can also become a place for developmental activities; at a distance of 30-40 cm from the baby, you can hang a baby mobile or rings that you can grab with your hands. The safety of the material from which they are made is an important point. If it is plastic, then such products are easier to care for. Textile educational mobiles will not cause harm; the baby will be able to crush them in his hand.

Fifth month

If the child can already rise in his arms and remain in this position for some time, the mother is recommended to stimulate each such movement. Your favorite toy can be placed not nearby, but at a short distance from the baby. You shouldn't help him, let him grumble if he can't take it right away. Some babies learn to sit up at this age. Therefore, the parent may notice that more and more often the child falls on his side and may spend some time in a half-sitting position. The most fun thing a child can do is pull his foot into his mouth. In this way he can occupy himself for a long time. This is a unique way of developing and learning about your body parts.

At the age of five months, the baby can be shown various pictures that develop color perception and shape in children from birth. Therefore, you can start reading children's fairy tales and little nursery rhymes. It is advisable to choose books with thick cardboard pages. Reading a book develops a child’s hearing and attention from birth. Any works of art whose content is simple to understand and easy to perceive are suitable.

Sixth month

By this time, parents already have some knowledge in terms of how to develop a child from birth. A six-month-old baby is very active and requires more and more attention. Various games and fun will help channel your energy in the right direction. With their help, you can teach your baby to crawl and stand on all fours. If the child already sits confidently on his own, then he can slowly be taught to move around using a mobile phone. It is necessary to focus on development and physical readiness. Under no circumstances should you force the baby. Any games and activities should be carried out only when the baby is in good health and mood.

At six months, a baby can or learn to play independently for some time. If you occupy him with the process of folding or searching, then he can spend from 5 to 15 minutes on this. You can develop coordination of movements with the help of a simple pyramid. In order for all the rings or cubes to be on the stand, they must be strung one on top of the other. It can also be a soft construction set or cubes. Experienced parents recommend using toys that are easy to wash or wash. The baby not only learns to identify objects by touch and study them, but also takes advantage of every opportunity to put a toy in his mouth. To distract him from this, you can remember the old game “Ladushki”. By cheerfully clapping your hands, the baby develops hand coordination and also experiences a kind of massage.

Advanced parents try to develop their child from birth. As soon as complementary foods are introduced, a new stage begins in terms of studying the taste qualities of new products. If your baby wants to try to take the puree with a spoon and put it in his mouth, don’t resist it. This also applies to using a special sippy cup. Some of them have a straw through which the baby learns to drink by sucking in water and swallowing it. This skill will allow you to drink juices and drinks in the future without choking. The properties of dishes can also become an element of development. Thus, there are special chameleon spoons on sale that change color as the temperature drops.

Seventh month

Active crawling and learning about everything that the baby may have at hand allows you to turn the whole house into a continuous field for the development of skills. In terms of safety, you should make sure that there are no fragile objects, sharp corners, hot appliances or doors that could pinch your fingers. At the same time, you should not turn the place for moving the baby into a sterile and empty room. Curiosity is what allows a child to develop his intelligence after birth. As soon as cabinets with various contents and drawers become available to him, the parent can only make sure that the room does not turn into a dump. Therefore, you can limit its area to one section, for example, with pots in which various bowls are placed. This is a replacement for pyramids and sorters, but does not require additional financial costs from the parent.

If the baby begins to stand up and move around independently, it is better to use a walker. Children who are quietly in the crib while awake can learn their first steps by moving around its perimeter, holding on to the soft sides.

You can continue to study the shapes of objects, colors, and body parts. If the parent has previously actively interacted with the baby, talked and told him about it in a playful way, then the child will be able to answer the question by pointing to the correct answer with his finger. These can be the simplest questions, for example, “Where is mom?”, “Where is the nose?”. Also, at the age of six months, the child learns to imitate an adult by making various sounds. The parent can imitate the sounds that animals make. The simplest syllables will later help you move on to the first words. For example, “me-me”, “mu-mu”, “meow”, “av”. Such educational games allow you to develop memory and imagination from birth.

What to do with an eight-month-old baby

Time flies, and eight months have already passed since the birth of the child. How to develop a baby at this age? It is important to maintain his knowledge and stimulate him to acquire new skills. The development of the musculoskeletal system is one of the key tasks. Pediatricians recommend taking another course of massage by this time. If the baby's bones are ready, then at 8 months he already sits confidently on his own, while keeping his back straight, walking, holding onto support, falling and landing on his butt.

While awake, when the baby feels good and calm, you can captivate him by showing him various educational cards with images of animals, shapes, and colors. This is how we develop a child. From birth to one year, this technique has its own directions taking into account age and in the future can be actively used by parents as a game.

Nine months to a year

When we develop a child from birth to one year, we believe that a lot of time and money are spent on this. However, do not forget that most items are available and at hand, without requiring extra costs. Even familiar household manipulations are quite capable of captivating the attention of the baby. After all, this is all happening for the first time for him.

One of the important everyday skills is communication with adults; it can be developed with the help of simple movements, for example, waving your hand when saying goodbye or when meeting. Some parents note that at this stage the baby may require more attention from the mother. He already understands when she is around and when she is not. The fear of being left without her, even with friends and family, can greatly frighten him. That is why it is important that both parents participate in the process of raising a baby from birth. Developmental activities can keep a baby occupied and captivated for a long time, but even if he is busy when his mother leaves, under no circumstances should he leave secretly. Adults should teach the child to part with his mother and rejoice when meeting her. The child already understands a lot, he is easily occupied or distracted without being frightened by separation from his mother.

How to deal with a newborn

The first days with a newborn. Well, here you are at home. And at home, as you know, even the walls help. Both the pediatrician and the pediatric nurse will definitely visit you on the same day or the next. The pediatrician will check your baby weekly and a nurse will visit.

Advice. Write down all your questions in advance and don't be shy to ask them. The health worker is obliged to answer them, but it makes sense to remember that the doctor is also a person and it is more pleasant for him to communicate with friendly people.

The ceremonial meeting has taken place, the guests have left, the flowers are in vases, the baby is lying in his crib. If you spent a week together, then you already know your baby a little. But only now can you start doing everything the way that seems reasonable to you. If the maternity hospital had a “dress code” - diapers, and the temperature in the room was 27 degrees, then your baby has become accustomed to these conditions. It is possible that he will behave differently at home, because the conditions have changed.

Your tasks for the first time remain the same: more peace and relaxation next to the baby, establishing a routine for living together, feeding and care, walks and bathing, massage and gymnastics, first games and communication in those few minutes when the baby is not sleeping. Remember that communication, muscle activity and hardening are the three pillars that are the basis for the harmonious development of a child.

The first year of life in general is a period of active growth and development of the child. And it is especially important to create the best conditions for the baby at the very beginning, when the baby is most limited by external conditions, when so much depends on your attitude towards the little person. For the development of a baby’s brain, an influx of nerve impulses is necessary, which is ensured by the load on the senses, sensory stimulation, and, simply put, by an abundance of impressions from the outside world. The most varied impressions, in the widest range.

Advice. The baby is small and seems helpless, but the newborn is much more physically strong than we think.

Look at the baby as a person who has to conquer the big world, which means he needs to be introduced to this world, to changes in air and water temperature, to the simplest and most ordinary things, to his immediate environment. You can and should talk to your child from the very first days and minutes. The rhythm of folk pestles, sayings, and lullabies helps the baby calm down, coinciding with his internal rhythms. The mother's voice allows the baby to feel that his mother is nearby, that in this vast world there is an unchanging point of support and protection from everything and everyone.

The baby himself can only make micromovements, but the more often you pick him up (raise him, lower him, turn him over), the more you move with the baby in your arms, the more his vestibular apparatus works, his sense of balance develops, he tenses up, and therefore develops. muscles, the entire musculoskeletal system. In newborns and infants, the physical and mental are so closely intertwined that the language of touch and body movements is as important a way of communication for them as the speech of adults addressed to them.

From the very first days of life, the baby has the ability to communicate with others and feels the need for this communication. In fact, our communication with the child occurs constantly, no matter what we do with him. Whether he is breastfeeding, rocking to sleep in our arms, whether we are bathing the baby, giving him a massage or gymnastics - in addition to purely practical actions, we conduct a kind of dialogue with him through a variety of signals. The uniqueness of this language is that communication occurs using signals that are unusual for an adult. Vision and hearing “provide” the baby with much less information than his sense of touch, vestibular apparatus, and thermoreceptors. An important role is played by kinesthetic sensations, i.e. sensations of the body’s position in space, muscle tension, and in general what can be called intra-body sensations. Through movements, you can give the baby an opportunity to get an idea of ​​the structure of his body, how it works, how it tenses, relaxes and rests, what its capabilities are. The baby gets acquainted with the world around him, learning what is up, down, changing the direction of movement, rhythm and arrhythmia, speed and amplitude.

If you wish, you can create the most comfortable conditions for your baby for the first few months. But it is precisely in these first weeks and months that the baby’s natural mechanisms of adaptation to any features of the external environment are fully activated. If the conditions to which the baby adapts are a room with closed windows, warm socks on his feet and limited physical activity, then he will adapt precisely to these conditions.

But it is better, having overcome shyness, from the first days of the baby’s life to treat him not like a crystal vase, but in much the same way as mothers from those countries where babies spend the first year of their lives in close contact with their mother and nature.

Advice. If the child does not require this, it is absolutely not necessary to carry him in your arms for hours. And without that, the baby ends up in your arms very often. If he is calm and happy in the crib, you have the opportunity to do many things.

Rules for communicating with your baby:

Feed on demand, but remember that the digestion period for milk is about two hours;

Do not drink from a bottle (if necessary, from a spoon) and do not use a pacifier during the period of establishing lactation;

Ventilate rooms often to keep the air fresh;

Walk, starting from 15 minutes and up to two or more hours a day;

Maintain cleanliness, but do not strive for perfect sterility;

Bath, not “soar”;

Maintain skin-to-skin contact, pick him up more often and hold him in different positions, including vertically;

Bring to bed with you;

Create opportunities for the child to be physically active;

Talk with the baby: pronounce your actions, read poems and nursery rhymes;

With the help of the first toys, stimulate the development of tactile sensitivity;

Stimulate vision development by attracting the baby’s attention to toys;

Stimulate hearing development by organizing small “concerts” - listening to classical and folk music.

Games and toys for newborns

Immediately after being discharged from the maternity hospital, the young mother most likely has no time for games. And the baby spends most of his time sleeping. But there are children who, for one reason or another, cannot sleep. If the baby is feeling well, then he can simply lie in the crib, and then it would be very useful to give him the opportunity to look at something more interesting than wallpaper. For example, on a mobile with toys or a garland of rattles. Perhaps, to develop vision and concentration, you will want to hang graphic drawings with sharp contours (image of a chessboard, concentric circles, black and white photographs) next to the crib in the baby’s field of vision.

Advice. A very small child and a slightly older child are attracted to novelty, so toys (stimuli for attracting attention) need to be changed more often, at least once a day.

If you put a bracelet with a bell on the baby's arm or leg, the sound will attract the baby's attention. He, albeit accidentally, with his movements makes changes in the world around him.

You can put a homemade rattle in your baby’s palm (a store-bought toy is too big for a tiny hand). Touch your baby's hand to a variety of surfaces and materials. Carry the baby in your arms, show everything that surrounds the baby in the house.

Games and toys for a slightly older baby

If a newborn can be called a sleepyhead, then a slightly older baby is an “observer” who is trying to become a “researcher.” The baby stays awake longer and shows more and more interest in what is happening around him. The baby remains inactive and only tries to control his movements. The ability to look at an object and follow a moving object is present in the baby from birth. His vision, hearing and coordination are not yet perfect, but are developing every day.

The visual system improves during the first 6 months of a baby’s life.

Advice. Toys are useful for the development of a baby’s vision, but traveling around the house and the opportunity to see familiar objects from a “new point of view” will also be an excellent stimulation of the visual apparatus.

The child begins to look at “moving” objects, the mother’s face, “finds” his hands, holds his head longer and longer, lying on his tummy or being in his mother’s arms. Every day his back and neck muscles become stronger. A little later, the child joyfully perks up when he sees an adult; soon he will begin to roll over onto his tummy from his back, leaning on his elbows. The baby watches more for now, and you “play”, stimulating his activity. Carry your baby in your arms: periodically “changing places” will help the baby learn new things in the world around him.

A child needs toys that he will look at and touch. To develop the ability to distinguish sounds and an ear for music, you need not only rattles, but also a xylophone and bells. Tactile sensitivity is developed by touching a variety of textures and surfaces.

If your baby is whining and fussing, shake the rattle or talk to your baby out of sight. The baby will focus on the sound only for a short time, then he may begin to “complain” again. By one and a half months, the baby will listen to voices, music, and quiet sounds. By 3 months, your baby will smile when talking, turn his head, and respond differently to different sounds.

The baby is very interested in his hands. He moves his fingers, tries to grab toys. Then he begins to manipulate them. The child tries to pull a fist or finger into his mouth. By the end of the 2nd month of life, he can open and close his fingers. Hand-eye coordination improves, and the baby begins to touch toys.

Advice. The more developed a baby’s hands are, the more his brain develops, the faster and clearer his speech will sound.

At this age, toys are no longer needed only for looking at, but also for touching and then grasping. Toys should be within arm's reach of the child. They must be well secured. It is advisable to use toys in eye-pleasing shades, green, blue, yellow. Choose those that are more convenient to grip: rings, bells. Round objects will slip out of your baby's hand. At 3 months, the child is already deliberately hitting hanging toys. He carefully observes how the touch of the lower toys causes the movement of the upper ones.

Place your baby on his tummy more often and leave it there longer, attracting his attention with toys so that he can hold his head longer. It is useful to purchase or sew a developmental mat with toys sewn onto it that are easy to grasp and feel.

In the third month of life, the baby begins to turn on its side. If you show your baby a toy so that he can see it, as they say, out of the corner of his eye, he will turn his head, followed by his shoulders and torso. Some babies as young as 3 months can roll from their tummy to their back.

Baby’s toys should be varied in color, shape and texture (soft, smooth, rough). When giving your baby toys to feel, talk to him, repeating the sounds that you heard from him: “agu”, “boo-boo”, “a-a-a”, “o-o-o”.

Advice. Give your baby the opportunity to touch and grasp not only rattles, but also balls, cubes, shreds, and spoons. While the baby’s fingers are very awkward, any games with fingers or hand massage are the development of fine motor skills, and therefore the speech centers in the brain.

Here are just some of the games you can play with your baby.

Place small objects of different textures in your baby's palm - a wad of paper or a piece of fabric, a felt-tip pen cap, a short ribbon or lace.

Throw a stick over the bed rail. Hang one or two toys from it on an elastic cord at a height of 15-20 cm from the child so that he can hit the toys.

Take the baby's hand with your hand, shake it, stroke it, drawing the baby's attention to his hand. Play with his fingers, massage them gently.

You can knead and stroke his fingers, play finger games with your baby's hands. Use your baby's palm to stroke smooth glass, rough fabric, a soft pillow, or a hard brush.

Offer your baby a toy and help him hold it by holding his hand with your hand. Help your baby shake the rattle and release your hand.

Place a balloon on your baby's leg so that your baby can see it. When the baby moves his leg, the ball will move.

Hold a brightly colored toy in front of your baby's face and slowly move it to the side. Shake the rattle to get your baby's attention. If his attention is on your face, hold the rattle in front of your face. Then slowly move the toy, making sure your baby follows it with his eyes.

Position yourself so that your baby can see your face comfortably. Call him by name in different intonations. Try to meet the child's eyes. If he makes a face, repeat his facial expressions. Did the baby smile? Smile back at him. If your baby is chattering, start a conversation with him. Listen to him and answer with similar sounds, changing the intonation to a question or exclamation.

Tie a bell to your baby's wrist. The baby will quickly grasp the connection between sounds and pen movements.

Talk or ring a bell away from and close to your baby. Clap your hands, blow a trumpet, ring a bell. Change the tone and volume of sounds. First, be close to the baby, so that he can see you. Then move away, because your task is to attract the child’s attention and make him want to turn his head in the direction of the sound.

First conversations with a newborn baby

Talk to your baby when you are busy with him: bathing him, changing him, feeding him. Accompany any actions with your baby with speech. Sing songs to your baby and read nursery rhymes. When talking to your child, change your intonation. For successful development, a child of the first year of life most of all needs a close psycho-emotional connection with his mother, on the basis of which trust in the world, a sense of security, and self-confidence emerge. If the mother is not a “talker in life,” then some internal resistance must be overcome in order to begin one-sided communication with the baby, who, obviously, does not understand anything and almost does not react.

However, the baby understands our intentions if we take the trouble to explain to the little man what we are doing and why, and do not treat him as an unreasonable creature.

Advice. You can “Google” articles and books by F. Dalto, the famous child psychoanalyst, who back in the 50s of the 20th century helped them recover through conversations with infants, and in the 70s she organized the first “Green Island” - a center where psychologists , communicating with infants and older children who were still non-verbal, helped parents realize the importance of interacting with their babies and learn to better understand them.

Actually, nothing supernatural is required. If you had to take care of your beloved old grandmother, you would probably find it necessary to talk to her. They would say: “Good morning, now we’ll wash up... The weather is good today... How did you sleep?” You would read books to her and tell her what is new and interesting in the world. Just because you love her.

You probably remember from childhood: “Early in the morning at dawn, little mice, and kittens, and ducklings, and bugs, and spiders wash themselves...” (K.I. Chukovsky).

Advice. Read Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, he is truly “our everything.” There is a study according to which children who listened to Pushkin a lot cope more successfully with speech therapy problems.

This is not a fairy tale. The fact is that, in addition to the heart rhythm, which we all know about, every cell in the human body pulsates. And the baby’s whole body tunes to the mother’s voice, to the poetic rhythm. We love certain poets because the rhythm of their poems coincides with ours and helps us find harmony.

Whenever you approach your baby, talk to him. If he is worried, respond immediately. Approach him quickly at first, but gradually lengthen the time between your verbal reassurance and your appearance at his crib. Maybe the baby will calm down just from the sound of your voice. Sometimes choose a time and approach the crib when the baby is not yet calling you. A few minutes of communication will help the baby understand that his mother remembers him, even if he is not indignant.

Even today your child is an unintelligent baby, but very soon an active one-year-old baby will be running around the house. To know whether the baby is acquiring all the necessary skills on time, you need to track his development month by month.

First year of life: child development calendar

We present to your attention a detailed calendar of child development from birth to achievement. The period up to one year is that stage of life when the baby learns everything around him, studies himself and those around him, therefore this is one of the most important life stages. Therefore, we read carefully. But first we want to show you a short video summary of a child’s development month by month:

First month

Key points in the development of a child in the second month of life:

• reacts to sounds, turns his head towards its source;
• examines his own palms and fingers, squeezes them into fists and examines them;
• makes the first awkward attempts to reach the rattle;
• the newborn’s reflexes gradually fade away;
• The child’s visual apparatus improves, and from this age the baby begins to show interest in bright objects.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 800 g.
Increase in height – 3 cm.

Third month

• being raised to a vertical position and touching the surface with his feet, he tries to push off with his legs;
• hums and imitates sounds made by adults (“ma-ma”, “a-gu”);
• reaches for toys, grabs them and pulls them to his mouth;
• enjoys playing with an adult, but may cry if the game stops;
• At 5 months, many children begin to erupt their first teeth.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 700 g.
Increase in height – 2 cm.

Sixth month

• , by the end of the 6th month it can crawl 20-30 cm towards the object;
• getting on all fours, he learns to sway back and forth, which helps strengthen the skill of crawling;
• uses both hands in play, transfers toys from one hand to the other;
• plays on an educational mat with an unbreakable mirror, prefers musical toys;

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 650 g.
Increase in height – 2 cm.

Seventh month

• reaches for an object or towards mother with both hands;
• sits down with the help of an adult and;
• tries to attract attention to himself, shows interest in simple games (“peek-a-boo”, “okay”);
• actively sings sounds, a simple onomatopoeia of animal voices appears (“ha-ha”, “quack-quack”);
• loves to leaf through books and look at bright pictures.

Increase in height – 2 cm.

Eighth month

The child is much more active than in previous months. He can sit up and move around by crawling and stands up in his crib. The baby easily distinguishes his parents from strangers and will be able to find their faces even in photographs. Shows a desire to hold a spoon independently when eating. Understands simple requests - to show something or bring one of his toys.

• Physical development

Experiences the pleasure of walking and masters side steps near any available support. Sits independently, and while crawling can stand up and swing on all fours.

• Psychomotor development

Babbles, repeating the syllables “ma-ma-ma”, “ba-pa”, etc. Masters the goodbye hand movement. Loves to play “peek-a-boo” and “okay”. When asking a question, he tries to look for a familiar object or person.

Key points in the development of a child in the eighth month of life:

• holding onto a support;
• easily navigates and moves from one place to another;
• the child no longer likes to lie down, he tries to take a vertical position at any opportunity;
• actively babbles, the vocabulary will be replenished with new sounds and simple words.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 550 g.

Ninth month

Standing on his feet and trying to take the first uncertain steps, holding on to the support. He has not yet learned to get down on the floor without falling, so he may fall often. By the end of the month, the child will learn to better maintain balance and balance. The baby is already drinking well from a sippy cup with a spout and is learning to drink from an adult mug.

• Physical development

The baby is actively starting to learn to walk independently. A nine-month-old baby sits down and stands on its legs, holding onto a support, without the help of an adult. Walks with support from both hands.

• Psychomotor development

He begins to imitate himself, repeating random sounds and syllables. Reacts to his own name. He plays “okay” and waves “bye-bye.”

Key points in the development of a child in the ninth month of life:

• sits down from a lying position on his back/stomach independently;
• while crawling, it can turn around and move in any direction, not just forward;
• remembers the names of surrounding objects well and, upon request, shows them;
• reacts to the word “impossible”, understands prohibitions;
• babbles a lot in his own language, understandable only to those close to him.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 500 g.
Increase in height – 1.5 cm.

Tenth month

The baby can maintain balance and even take several steps in a row until an adult picks him up. 15-20 minutes of continuous play, getting carried away with the pyramid or cubes. Can turn pages in books. Strives to play with other children at a party or on a walk.

• Physical development

A ten-month-old baby, holding onto a support with only one hand, can take independent steps. Squats and stands up at will for any object. The main method of movement is no longer crawling, but walking.

• Psychomotor development

Strives to copy adult speech, listens attentively to the conversation. Recognizes and finds familiar objects at the request of an adult (“give me Lala”, “where is the ball?”)

Key points in the development of a child in the tenth month of life:

• can stand for several moments without support;
• takes 2-3 steps forward without support;
• crawls on hands and knees, supporting body weight on them;
• loves to throw toys out of the crib/playpen;
• shows body parts on himself and on an adult.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 450 g.
Increase in height – 1.5 cm.

Eleventh month

To everything that surrounds them. The child strives to explore an object in a variety of ways - shaking it in the air, throwing it or hitting it on a surface. Loves to play the “hidden toy” game and finds it easily. In books, he looks at the correct picture when he hears the name of a certain object.

• Physical development

At 11 months, the child stands confidently without support. Actively learns to take the first step without support. Loves to move, dance to music, play with other children.

• Psychomotor development

Pronounces conscious babbling words (“ma-ma”, “pa-pa”, “av-av”). Reacts to the word “no”. Plays with a pyramid. Knows and shows parts of his body.

Key points in the development of a child in the eleventh month of life:

• actively moves (sits, lies down, stands up independently);
• partial to praise, also understands strict speech;
• can point with a finger at the desired object;
• new steps in communicating with an adult: waving “hello”/”bye” with a pen, nodding affirmatively or negatively waving his head;
• can independently pick up small pieces of food with his fingers.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 400 g.
Increase in height – 1.5 cm.

Twelfth month (1 year)

Like a little personality. . In short, he worries less in the presence of strangers, behaves assertively, and actively expresses his desires. Begins to demonstrate possessive tendencies towards mother or toys. The child’s vocabulary grows very quickly, the baby understands all speech addressed to him and tries to respond.

• Physical development

A one-year-old child stands confidently and walks without support. The baby is active in combing his hair, bathing, and dressing. Tries to hold a spoon independently and eat thick food from it; learns to drink from a mug.

• Psychomotor development

Pronounces the first words, correlating them with actions - “give”, “bang”, “am-am”. Fulfills simple requests - “go to mom,” “give me a cube.” Knows the purpose of simple objects (telephone, comb, toothbrush).

Key points in the development of a child in the twelfth month of life:

• can walk a short distance without support or support;
• bends over and picks up objects on the floor;
• can step over an obstacle in the form of a threshold or a lying toy;
• looks for the necessary item at will, even if he did not see where it was put;
• expresses his needs and desires in simple words. Calling mom and dad. Vocabulary by this age is 8-12 words.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month – 600 g.
Increase in height – by 2-3 cm.

A useful story about how to care for a baby

Differences in the development of boys and girls

Pediatricians have long noticed that there are differences in the development of newborn babies of different sexes. And although each child is individual, some patterns exist. For example:

– Boys are born larger than girls in height and weight. Thus, in full-term male newborns, the average height at birth is 53-56 cm, while in girls it is only 49-52 cm;

– speaking about children’s standards for general physical and mental growth, it is noted that the development of boys is slightly behind their peers already at the time of birth. But this difference is unnoticeable and lasts no more than 2-3 weeks;

– representatives of the fair sex are smaller at birth, but later the physical development of girls accelerates. On average, their bone skeleton is formed earlier than that of boys.

Table with height and weight standards for children under one year old

Using a centile table, you can track the approximate norms of a child’s monthly weight gain, and how the baby’s body length should increase. Height and weight standards for children are given in terms of minimum/maximum values, so they can be used as a guide.

Table of key points in child development from 0 to 1 year

A brief overview of the table, which shows the development of a child up to one year old by month, will be an excellent “cheat sheet” for young mothers.

The development of a child from the first days of life seems useless only at first glance. Of course, they would feed her, put her to bed and breathe a sigh of relief - that’s what irresponsible mothers think. And those who want to raise a comprehensively developed baby must understand that it is necessary to develop a child from the very cradle, because it is at this moment that the baby’s first skills are formed, and he gradually adapts to life in a new, more aggressive world than the mother’s womb.

How to develop a child from birth:

The first month of a baby’s life is considered a period of adaptation to the conditions of the new world, while in the second month the child begins to explore the world through vision, hearing and even some movements. It is in motor activity that a child’s development lies.

Parents must not only rely on the baby’s natural growth process and the habits that follow from it, but also have an obligation to help the child develop new movements. For example, in the development of a child in the 2nd month, it is imperative to lay the baby on a hard, flat surface so that he raises his head. Thus, parents develop physical activity and motor functions in the child. When developing a child in this way, make sure that he does not hit himself, because such babies still cannot hold their head for long.

You need to start such training with a few minutes, gradually increasing the time. If the baby does not want to raise his head at all (children can be lazy from birth), the task of the parents in the development of the child is to attract his attention, so it is necessary to talk to the baby, expecting a reaction to the sound of the voice, or show him bright toys.

In the first month of a child’s life, it is customary to swaddle him so that he does not wake himself up, take the wrong position, or inadvertently scratch himself. However, from the second month, it is important to accustom your baby to loose clothing that will not hinder his movements. Gradually, the child should get used to his own gestures and not be afraid of them. You can swaddle your baby at night to ensure a more restful sleep, but during wakefulness it is better to give preference to loose undershirts and onesies. Remember, tight swaddling can have a bad effect on the child’s development; this can manifest itself in poor coordination of movements.

The child needs to develop comprehensively, we are talking about motor, visual, auditory activities, as well as the ability to make sounds. At the age of 1 month, the child already begins to focus his eyes on bright and large objects. Toys hanging above the crib will help develop this skill. It’s good if the rattles above the crib spin, so the baby can follow them with his eyes and focus his gaze.

Mobiles above the crib help develop a child not only in terms of vision, but also in terms of movements. After all, watching moving toys actively trains the neck muscles. A child at 2 months begins not only to raise his head, but also to rotate it. From the age of 3 months, the baby begins not only to follow the carousel with the toy with his eyes, but also reaches out to it with his hands for the first time.

Human speech is something that a child, and in the future an adult, will encounter from the first days of life. Therefore, it is recommended to develop the child with the help of his speech while still in the womb. After birth, the sound of the mother and father's voice should also be heard by the baby every day. In this case, intonation is very important, do not yell at the child under any circumstances, your voice should be gentle and affectionate.

You can train your child’s hearing not only with your own voice, but also with toys. A 2-3 month old baby reacts very sensitively to the sound of rattles. And soothing music in the carousel above the crib can not only captivate the baby, but also help him fall asleep.

Usually the sounds that a baby makes are involuntary. There is no need to specially teach this. But earlier, frequent conversations between mom and dad and baby will help you hear the baby’s cooing. The mother’s “agu” will provoke the child to repeat this sound, and the child will begin to please you not only with crying, but also with other sounds that are more pleasant to the mother’s hearing.

To develop a child from the first days of life, you do not need to acquire a huge arsenal of various toys. Better save your money for the future. Educational toys for a child should be as simple as possible, without unnecessary details, and light in weight. The toy helps the baby train motor skills of his hands and fingers. It is important that the rattle for the development of the child is not too massive, otherwise he simply will not be able to wrap his arms around it. Select toys based on the baby's age. Remember that rattles must be boiled before use to remove any remaining factory dust and germs.

Developmental rattles for children should not make too loud sounds. Toys that imitate natural noises are ideal.

In the development of a child in the first months of life, rattles are used, of course, to attract attention and train the eyes. Then the function of the toy becomes more significant, because the baby begins to touch it, hold it in his hands, move it and even taste it.

At first, the child will most likely only look at the toy, but gradually he needs to be taught to touch it. To do this, you can put the rattle in the baby’s hand yourself, the grasping reflex inherent in the baby will do its job, and then the child, having become accustomed to the sound emanating from the rattle, will learn to pick it up himself.

As mentioned above, when buying toys for your child’s development, try not to ignore the musical carousels above the crib and garlands for the stroller. Remember that toys are intended not so much for the baby’s leisure time, but for the child’s development. It is with their help that he receives initial information about the world. With them, he gradually begins to learn sounds, tactile sensations, and visual information. The use of rattles in a child’s development is also training for the baby’s independence.