For someone who decides to do home renovations themselves, installing hinges on the door may become a problem. This is a very important operation: even a slight inaccuracy will lead to skew of the canvas and problems during operation. You can avoid this by adopting the following rules and tips.
You need to know that door hinges, depending on the material of manufacture, come in three types.
- Steel: the most reliable and durable, but not aesthetically attractive. More expensive models have a chrome plated finish.
- Brass: have an attractive appearance, but do not last long, since the soft metal wears off over time.
- Brass plated: relatively cheap hinges that imitate brass. They are made of alloys and have a coating that gives the metal a characteristic shade. The service life is limited by rapid wear of rubbing parts.
Door hinges (see photo below) may differ in design depending on the material of the door leaf.
- Hinges for glass doors (for example, to a sauna) are attached on both sides, grasping and clamping the glass. Silicone or rubber inserts help to hold the canvas. Installation of such hinges without special equipment is impossible.
- Hinges for metal doors: there are external and internal. The external ones are equipped with support bearings or liner balls, as well as an adjusting screw to compensate for metal production. Hidden hinges for doors make it almost impossible for unauthorized persons to enter the premises: they cannot be cut or damaged, since there are no external parts.
- Hinges for plastic doors: their difference is that they can be adjusted, increasing or decreasing the gaps between the leaf and the frame. Installed by specialists on metal-plastic doors of balcony blocks.
- For wooden doors: there are overhead, mortise and screw-in (screw-in). Installing hinges on a wooden interior door is done using simple carpentry tools.
When choosing hinges, the following factors must be taken into account:
- weight of the door leaf: for heavy ones, made of solid hardwood and for larger leaf sizes, additional door hinges are required; for ordinary doors, two are enough;
- presence of bearings: hinges for heavy doors will open easily and without squeaking;
- direction of door opening: depending on this, hinges are universal, as well as “left” and “right”.
Tools required for work
Inserting hinges into doors is carried out using the following set of tools and devices:
- 500 g hammer and chisel;
- screwdriver;
- screws (self-tapping screws);
- carpenter's pencil;
- construction level;
- wooden wedges.
It is convenient to insert hinges using an electric cutter: in this case, the need to use a chisel will practically disappear. It will only need to correct the corners (in places where the cutter cannot process the wood).
How to install hinges in a door: step-by-step instructions
Hinges for interior doors or entrance doors are installed after marking. Further work is performed in the following order.
Marking and inserting hinges into the door leaf
- They retreat 200-250 mm from the top edge and from the bottom and make a mark. Please ensure that there are no knots or damage to the wood in the area where the hinges are installed. otherwise problems will arise when screwing the screws. If these defects are present, a different location for installing the hinges is chosen (displaced).
- The edges of the loops are applied to the resulting marks and their outline is outlined.
- Using a chisel, cut along the contour of the loop. The beveled part of the tool should be oriented towards the loop, the cutting depth should not be greater than the thickness of the metal.
- Make a sample of wood using a chisel and hammer.
- Attach the hinges to the door leaf with self-tapping screws.
Important: if a mistake was made when selecting wood, you need to use cardboard spacers for the hinges.
Markings for the hinge on the door frame: important nuances
Do the same with the mate of the hinge: cut out the contour in the door frame. To do this, the doors are hung on wooden wedges in such a way that there is a gap of 2-3 mm at the top, bottom and along the side edges of the panel. To temporarily fix the canvas, wooden wedges are used. During work, they are guided by the following rules:
- It will be easier to mark the hinges on the door frame if the door leaf is closed with a pre-embedded lock.
- It is necessary to check the position of the door leaf using a level: the door should not deviate either from the horizontal or from the vertical.
- To accurately mark the box, the hinge will have to be temporarily unscrewed from the door and then secured again.
- Cutting down wood using a chisel is done in such a way as to prevent excessive deepening, otherwise the door will warp when opening and closing.
Important: to prevent the wood from cracking when screwing in self-tapping screws, you must first drill holes with a thin drill.
Installing butterfly hinges
Not everyone knows how to handle carpentry tools. In this case, the best solution is to install butterfly hinges. Their peculiarity is that they belong to the category of “no-cut”. In the closed position, both sides of the loops close and fit into each other. A small gap is needed for the door to open and close well. How to install hinges on a door (procedure).
- We retreat about 250 mm from the top edge of the door, apply a hinge and outline its outline. You can use a pencil or an awl. This is necessary in order to subsequently correct the part if it moves during operation.
- Use a thin drill or awl to make small holes in the places where the screws are screwed in.
- We fasten the hinges to the door frame with screws (self-tapping screws).
- We install the door leaf into the frame opening, observing the necessary gaps. We check the horizontality of the upper and lower ends and fix it with wedges.
- We outline the position of the top loop.
- We remove the wedges and screw the door onto one (top) hinge. The door should be temporarily supported to avoid skewing and breaking the hinge.
- We position the door leaf so that its plane is strictly vertical.
- We outline the position of the bottom hinge and prepare holes for the screws.
- Screw in the screws and fix the bottom hinge. Work is done.
We install hinges on metal doors
For this work you need to have at your disposal:
- welding machine;
- electrodes with a diameter of 3-4 mm;
- grinder with grinding wheel;
- marker;
- metal plates 3 mm thick.
Let's consider the process of installing overhead hinges equipped with a ball or support bearing and an adjusting screw.
Important: installation of locks, anti-cuts and crossbars is carried out after installing the hinges.
Step-by-step description of the hinge installation process.
- We install the door in the opening.
- We place metal plates on the bottom and sides: there should be a gap between the canvas and the elements of the opening.
- We measure about 250 mm from the bottom and top sides and make marks.
- We apply the hinges, guided by the marks, and find a position in which the door will open and close freely.
- Using a welding machine, we spot weld the hinges so that they can support the weight of the door.
- We check the correctness of the chosen position of the hinges by carefully opening and closing the doors several times. They should “walk” freely, without distortion, and open completely.
- After checking (if the hinges are positioned correctly), we finally weld all the parts.
- Using a grinder with a sharpening wheel, we remove the slag and make the joint smooth.
- Reinstall the support bearing (ball) and the adjusting screw.
- We paint the doors and hinges on the outside.
Important: during welding work, the adjusting screw, bearing and ball must be removed to avoid their deformation due to strong heat. All internal surfaces of the hinges must be generously lubricated with grease or other thick lubricant.
In conclusion, we suggest you watch a video demonstrating the process of inserting a hinge into an interior wooden door.
Typically, door structures are purchased with hinges built into them. However, there are often collapsible options that require self-assembly. How to install the hinges correctly so that you don’t have to see the whole structure skewed later? Studying the installation sequence of these elements will significantly help in solving the problem.
List of necessary equipment for work:
- Loops.
- Chisel and hammer.
- Screws and screwdriver.
- Pencil.
- Wooden wedges.
- Level.
Basics of making door hinges
Any leaf has door hinges. Their quality affects the process of opening and closing the sash. These small-sized parts carry a colossal load. Their correct installation will determine the further operation of the door.
The manufacture of such structures is based on materials such as steel and brass. The first version of the raw material is distinguished by its noble coating, but it is characterized by some softness of the base. Over time, such substances easily lose their shape. Brass door hinges are suitable for installing interior structures.
Steel options are distinguished by an incredibly strong coating; parts of this type are characterized by the highest quality and reliability.
Such elements can be seen on the entrance structures. Intermediate samples of door hinges can be considered door hinges made of zinc alloys. They are much stronger than brass elements and can withstand significant weight.
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Various hinge design options
The samples under consideration differ in manufacturing materials and design capabilities:
- Screw-in ones look like two wings that are attached to the frame and door.
- Mortise ones allow you to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the room. Such samples cannot be cut. They are characterized by a long service life and are equipped with a bearing mechanism.
- Invoices.
To properly install door hinges, you need to clearly determine their number. The weight of the structure is of paramount importance in this matter.
So, if earlier 2 elements were used when installing doors, now 3 hinges are installed to increase the reliability of fastening. Massive samples of canvases involve the use of four or more components.
To understand how to install door hinges, you need to understand a few important points. So, the standard design involves the use of two such elements. 3 hinges are installed on heavy metal and wooden forms. Before starting work, the canvas is laid on its edge: in this way, installation can be significantly simplified. And it is known that inconvenience at work may not in the best possible way affect its quality.
Not the last place in the process of installing hinges is occupied by tools. On the eve of work, chisels should be sharpened well, and they should be of different sizes. They can be used to carefully cut grooves for hinges.
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Inserting hinges, main stages of installation
You can install door hinges by strictly adhering to certain rules.
So, focusing on the door leaf, it is worth noting that these small elements should be located at a distance of 20 or 25 cm from the boundaries of the leaf. Special attention should be given to its surface: the presence of knots, cracks and broken elements is not allowed. A screw screwed into such a base will completely destroy the box and lead to its distortion. It will be impossible to properly insert door hinges into a deformed coating. The presence of such places on the surface makes it possible to fix them in a slightly shifted plane, for which the standard distance moves slightly up or down.
In order for the interior door to be installed securely, it is necessary to install the hinges according to the rules. Many professionals use raised or deep planting in nests.
To install the hinges correctly, it is necessary to make a recess in the canvas equal to the thickness of the element itself.
Traditionally, inserting loops begins with markings. As mentioned above, the distance from the top and bottom of the structure corresponds to 20 cm. You should also set arrows that will determine the direction of the loops. This way you can avoid confusion in your work.
The loop is applied to the marked points, aligned along the edge, and its outline is outlined using a pencil. Accurate marking of the contour will allow you to secure this part deeply in the hole.
You can prevent the hinges from slipping by attaching them to the door leaf for a while using two self-tapping screws.
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Sampling for installed hinges
Using a router, a regular chisel and a hammer will help you complete this stage. Using a wallpaper knife, cut the borders. Next, a recess is made with a chisel given dimensions, usually it corresponds to 2-3 mm. A sample is made along the marked contours to a similar depth.
Using a sharp knife involves cutting the wood along the grain. The transverse position involves capturing a thin layer of veneer. A small scratch appears on the base. The sharp edge of a chisel is inserted into it and the handle is struck.
During the process of cutting the grooves, the door hinges are placed in the finished place. An awl marks the points for drilling. For this, drills with a diameter of 3 mm are used. This way you can achieve preservation of the integrity of the paintings. Then the hinges in the finished hole are fastened with self-tapping screws. Their caps should protrude somewhat above the surface.
Once the hinges are in place, the door is leaned against the base of the frame. The outlines of the hinges are dragged onto the door leaf. Then the set of works is repeated. As soon as the hinge installation system is mastered, you can safely begin installing door closers.
Installing hinges on the door is an important stage in the installation of the door leaf and frame. On the one hand, this process does not cause any problems, since it comes down to installing the hinges themselves and securing the door leaf, but on the other hand, it requires time, as well as patience and the availability of the tools necessary for installation. Before installing door hinges with your own hands, think about whether you can achieve High Quality work. It is on the correct installation of hinges and doors on them that their further operation largely depends.
Types of door hinges
Features of the installation of certain loops will depend on their type. Hinges are classified according to structural features and fastening into three main types:
- Invoices. They consist of two identical parts fastened together. One part is fixed to the door frame, the other to the leaf. There are also ones that represent a single whole. Installation of overhead hinges does not require special skills and is the simplest and most accessible to everyone.
Mortise. They are characterized by a more complex and time-consuming installation, which requires special equipment and skills to work with it. The complexity of installation is compensated by the wide distribution of mortise hinges, as well as their reliability and durability.
- Screw-in. They are fastened using threaded pins - they are screwed into the door leaf, thereby securely fastening to its surface. Usually installed in the amount of three pieces per door, they differ in the number of fastening pins.
There are also hidden door hinges, which are highly complex to install, but guarantee excellent security and safety of your home.
Preparing the necessary tools
The installation process is unthinkable without a set of certain materials, tools and equipment necessary for the job. So, before starting installation you should prepare:
- door hinges.
- screwdriver and set of screws.
- pencil (necessary for marking).
- a set of wooden wedges for leveling the structure.
- building level.
- hammer and chisel.
Once you have made sure that the work area has the tools and materials listed above, you can begin installing the door hinges.
Correct marking
Installing door hinges by eye is unacceptable - even a small error can lead to distortion and deformation of the door leaf and structure. Marking is done with a pencil as follows:
- Attach the hinges to the intended installation locations. Hinges should be placed with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters from the edges of the door (top and bottom).
- Trace the hinges attached to the door end with a pencil, then set them aside.
- Using a chisel and hammer, make the indentations in the marked areas necessary to install the mortise hinges.
Pay close attention to the thickness of the recess. If it exceeds the thickness of the hinge, the door will rest against the frame when closing. Ultimately, this will lead to deformation of the door leaf and problems with opening and closing the door.
Before installing hinges on the door, you need to mark the door frame. This operation will require skill and patience to correctly determine the location of the loop:
- Place the canvas in the box and secure it with wooden wedges in the way it should be in the installed state. To level the door leaf, use a building level.
- After aligning the canvas, mark on the frame where the door hinges touch the door.
- As with the door leaf, use a hammer and chisel to make the required number of recesses for installing door hinges.
The alignment of the door leaf in the frame should be carried out not only vertically, but also horizontally. Incorrect vertical installation will cause the door to open spontaneously, and horizontal installation will make it difficult to close.
Correct installation of door hinges
Installation of mortise hinges
Inserting hinges into an interior door is the most complex procedure possible, so once you master it, you can easily install overhead and screw-in hinges. The installation procedure for mortise hinges is as follows:
- Sink the hinges into the recesses made in the previous stages of work on the door.
- Using a screwdriver, make holes in the wood for the hinges.
- Take screws of suitable diameter and use a screwdriver to secure the hinges on the door leaf.
- Place the door in the doorway and secure it with wooden wedges.
- Sink the loops into the indentations made, then repeat steps 2-3.
During installation, carefully ensure that the door is level in the frame and does not move during installation. Before hanging the door on its hinges, carefully level it in the doorway using a building level (as when marking).
Installation of overhead hinges
This is the easiest method to use, which does not require insertion and preliminary preparation of the door and door frame (without creating recesses). The simplicity lies in the design of such hinges and in the installation features - you don’t have to think about how to weld the hinges and secure them as firmly as possible in the socket.
Installation is similar to installing mortise hinges, however, the parts are not installed in special recesses, but are simply screwed to the end of the door and frame using screws. As in the previous case, it is important to maintain the correct position of the door leaf in space throughout the installation of the hinges.
Installation of screw-in hinges
Installation of screw-in door hinges will not cause problems even for a novice craftsman. Typically, installation involves three simple steps:
- Before installing the hinges on the door, you need to drill holes in the door leaf using a special template, which usually comes with the hinges. Sockets for hinges are drilled both on the door and on the frame, at the same level.
- The next step is to install the hinges in place. One half is placed on the door, the second on the frame.
- The final stage is “stringing” door hinges onto frame hinges. This completes the simple installation of hinges.
After installation is complete, it is recommended to prevent squeaking when opening and closing doors, as well as to extend the life of door hinges. If you still have questions about the correct installation of door hinges, you can get more information from the video (and also reinforce what you already learned from this article), which can be found and played below.
Installing hinges on the door: insertion technology of various models
Every man should know how to install door hinges. The loop is one of the key elements of the entire door structure, it not only holds the leaf in the frame, but also ensures its movement. Therefore, how well the door will function depends on the correct installation. If installed incorrectly, squeaks, rubbing and jamming may occur, so knowing how to properly install hinges on a door is very important.
Correctly installed door hinges ensure proper functioning of the door.
Types of loops
First, you need to familiarize yourself with the varieties of these parts, this will help not only determine which hinges are best installed on interior and entrance doors, but also understand the specifics of the design, which is very important to take into account during installation.
In total, there are 5 most popular models of door hinges:
- Straight - standard samples with plates on the sides (card loops). The most common option for interior doors.
- Angular - differ from straight ones only in the shape of the plates; they are made in the form of corners. Used for pendulum models.
- Screw-in - a rotatable axis with pins instead of plates. Suitable for lightweight doors only.
- Hidden - the hinge is recessed into the door structure. Such hinges are mainly installed on expensive models of entrance doors.
- Italian - differ in the design of the hinge, similar to furniture options. Used in expensive imported models.
Main types of door hinges
According to the installation method, the following should be distinguished:
- Overlays - attached on top of the door structure without prior preparation.
- Mortise - installed in pre-prepared recesses, forming a flat surface with the door.
- Screw-in - screwed into the door using pins, the presence of which is provided for by the design of the part.
Hinge installation methods
Depending on the direction in which the door will open and the mounting sides are distinguished:
- left-handed,
- right-sided,
- universal.
Universal ones are convenient because they can be attached from any side, but this complicates the process of installing and dismantling the canvas itself.
Each of the described types has its own installation nuances. The simplest are card models. The most difficult thing to install hidden loops.
Marking
The first step in installing hinges with your own hands is marking. To do this, you need to retreat 20 cm from the bottom and top of the door leaf and mark the starting lines with a pencil. Next, depending on the direction of opening the door, attach the hinges to the marks made, outline the outline and mark the points at the attachment points. At the same time, to ensure free movement of the fittings, the rods should not touch the door leaf, but you should not push them too far either, this will worsen the strength of the fastening. You should also carefully inspect the insertion points for the presence of knots; screwing self-tapping screws into them can lead to distortion or split the door leaf, so the hinges must be moved 2-3 cm down or up from the problem area.
After this, it is necessary to assemble the door block and make markings on the frame in the same way, while maintaining a gap of 2-3 mm between the frame and the door leaf. It is most convenient to do this when the door has not yet been installed, otherwise the leaf is fixed in the opening using wedges.
Marking the door block for installing hinges
Depending on the size and weight of the door leaf, it may be necessary to install a third hinge. In this case, the insertion is not made in the middle, but with a slight offset to the top hinge in order to regulate the load exerted on the fittings by the weight of the door leaf. As a rule, for doors up to 80 cm wide, up to 2 m high and up to 50 mm thick, two hinges are sufficient.
Installing simple card loops
Installing card door hinges with your own hands is mainly done in two ways. First, let's look at the simplest one using overhead parts. To do this you will need a drill and self-tapping screws, as well as hinges with a special structure; their peculiarity is that the halves have different shapes, and when closing the doors fit into each other, which is why they can be installed directly on the surface of the door. Use a pencil to mark the locations for the holes and drill them. If the door leaf is made of wood, MDF or plastic, you can immediately screw in the screws, without preliminary drilling.
Sequence of installation of overhead hinges
Traditionally, straight card hinges used in the home are installed slightly differently. So that they do not stop the mechanism when closing, they need to be recessed a little. The easiest way to insert card hinges into interior doors with your own hands is to use a chisel; to do this, a layer of material is cut off on the door and door to the depth of the part. Then the hinge halves are applied to the installation site and secured with self-tapping screws.
Sequence of installation of mortise card loops
Installation of corner card models
For doors with a rebate, it is better to choose corner hinges; in essence, these are the same samples as simple card hinges, but their halves have the shape of a corner. How to install corner hinges in a door? In exactly the same way as straight lines - one part is fixed on the loot, and the other at the end of the canvas.
Corner models have a design in the form of two corners and are mounted in a mortise manner
Insertion of hidden loops
In modern homes, more advanced models of fittings are increasingly used. Hidden hinges do not burden the appearance of the doors, they are quite easy to care for, and the features of their design and installation increase the class of burglary resistance, which is an important factor for entrance doors.
Hidden hinge models
How to put hidden hinges on the door:
- Mark the position of the parts;
- Using an electric router, make a recess for the mechanism;
- Using a chisel, remove the layer of material in the area reserved for fasteners;
- Separate the hinges;
- Insert the larger element into the door frame and secure it with self-tapping screws;
- Fix the smaller part in the canvas;
- Connect both parts of the hinges and tighten the fastening screw.
If desired, you can install decorative inserts over the fastenings.
Hidden hinges are inserted using an electric router
Other types
Not as often as the models described above use screw-in and Italian hinges. How to be in this case? Italian models are installed in the same way as card ones, the only difference is the location of the hinges; unlike standard ones, they are installed not at the ends of the door system, but at the top and bottom.
Screw-in hinges can be easily identified by appearance, instead of plates on the sides, they have threaded pins, with their help the part is secured in the door frame and leaf, this is an ideal option for pretend models of structures. In addition, another advantage is the possibility of adjustment using a hexagon. To hide the metal part of the hinges, they can be disguised with decorative caps.
Screw-in model is only suitable for lightweight door panels
Simple metal doors are usually connected to the hinges by welding, but in order to weld the hinges onto the iron door. certain skills are required. It should also be taken into account that the hinge mechanism must initially be welded with the mounting plates. Work is carried out only with a continuous seam. Thanks to the mounting plates, it is possible to make the task easier and weld the parts into place without much difficulty. To ensure that the seams do not interfere with the movement of the canvas, they must be carefully cleaned, for example, with a grinder. If you doubt that you can do such work correctly, it is better to seek the help of a specialist.
Metal door hinges most often have a welded structure
Adjustment
So, let's look at how to adjust card hinges on an interior or metal door? If the structure is loose, it is necessary to tighten the screws. Modern products have a mechanism in their design that is adjusted using a hex key and allows you to tighten the door to the required level.
Now let's look at how to adjust hidden door hinges. This can only be done in the open position. First you need to remove the decorative trims, then tighten the screw using a hex key. Thanks to the design features, the door position can be adjusted in three planes.
Inserting door hinges is a rather troublesome task, but nevertheless quite simple to do it yourself. By following our recommendations, each of you will be able to properly secure and adjust any type of door hinge.
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