Summary of a drawing lesson in the middle group “Maslenitsa doll. The magical power of Maslenitsa: why do they burn effigies? Do they paint the face of a Maslenitsa scarecrow?

Natalia Kulikovskikh

The March sun is shining brighter! And absolutely soon will be celebrated Maslenitsa, one of the most fun folk holidays of the year.

One of the main symbols of the holiday is Maslenitsa scarecrow. In some regions of Russia in the old days they also made Maslenitsa and Maslenika. They made a scarecrow on a wooden cross, out of straw and dressed it up in old things. Usually, this important task was entrusted to young married women.

I also decided not to deviate from tradition and this year I did Maslenitsa scarecrow Size dolls small about a meter. At the base is a cross made of wooden slats. To fill the head I used old newspapers and scraps of padding polyester. Braid and hands made of bast (I bought brushes for whitewashing at the store). Face I didn’t draw for Maslenitsa, in folk tradition, a stuffed animal with a face or a faceless one is possible.

Besides the big Maslenitsa dolls, they made a small doll for the house Homemade Maslenitsa.

Maslenitsa doll homely - the image of a warm, bright, satisfying Maslenitsa, a mandatory attribute of this holiday. They called her daughter Maslenitsa or her younger sister. Doll is a small, 20–25 centimeters high, straw or bast doll with a white rag face. Home Maslenitsa symbolized strong prosperity and healthy offspring of a young family. It was considered a strong talisman for the home. Kept Maslenitsa home in the red corner or at the entrance to the house. According to tradition, home Maslenitsa We also met the bride and groom. doll they put it in a prominent place when the son-in-law came to visit his mother-in-law for pancakes. Unlike the general, village Maslenitsa, family doll was portrayed as elegant and attractive.

My Maslenitsa the homemade one is made on the basis of birch bark twist, the clothes are elegant, in the hand there is a pancake symbol of the sun. The height of the pupa is 15 cm.

I wish everyone goodness, warmth and good mood! We wait Maslenitsa!:)

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Burn scarecrow Maslenitsa- a custom that goes back to the folk ritual of the beginning of a new annual cycle. Nowadays, effigies are burned at city Maslenitsa celebrations; this is becoming almost as common an attribute of it as stacks of pancakes on street stalls. Of course, this tradition has nothing to do with Christianity. This is an element of pagan culture. Burning the effigy symbolized the farewell to winter and the welcoming of spring, farewell to everything old and dilapidated. How should a Christian view this tradition?

“Foma” addressed this question to Archpriest Andrei Efanov:

When spending Maslenitsa week - that is, the week before Lent - it is important to distinguish between two plans: one is pagan, which was relevant in Rus' a long time ago, before the adoption of Christianity, when a person’s entire life was built on the basis of pagan ideas. In this sense, Maslenitsa week is the so-called farewell to winter, which includes many pagan rituals, one of which is the burning of effigies of Maslenitsa - a symbol of winter and a ritual object that embodies everything bad that happened last year. The burning of Maslenitsa is a direct and real participation in pagan rituals, there is no game or “pretend” here.

As for participation in pagan rituals, I think it’s clear to you even without my answer that this is unacceptable for a Christian. And if it is these rituals that you are asking about, speaking about celebrating “according to all the rules,” then, naturally, this cannot be done categorically. Another plan is that since the adoption of Christianity, that week, which was previously dedicated to the rituals of seeing off winter and welcoming spring, according to the church calendar is the last of three - a time of serious internal work on oneself. This is a special period in the life of a Christian, a change in the rhythm of liturgical and prayer life, and this, too, must be somehow approached and prepared for this change to occur for the benefit of the soul. This is what preparatory weeks are for. The third of them, Maslenitsa, is a week in which we no longer eat meat, but we can eat dairy products and bake traditional for this week without meat.

And if we move away from gastronomy, then this week comes after. On this day, during the Divine Liturgy, verses 35 - 46 from chapter 25 of the Gospel of Matthew are read, which talk about how the Last Judgment will take place and by what criteria the Lord will judge a person. Christ himself tells about this to his disciples, and through them to each of us. This is a very serious text, which is useful to think about on the eve of Lent, during which you will engage in that very inner work that will bring you closer to what the Lord expects from each of us. This passage from the Gospel gives each of us guidelines by following which we can become even closer to being an heir to eternal life. And I would say that joy along with internal preparation for fasting will be the most correct way to spend Maslenitsa week.

- a joyful farewell to winter and anticipation of spring warmth. Winter has not yet given up, and spring has not yet come into its own. Let's look at how Maslenitsa was celebrated in the old days and find out why you need to burn a huge straw effigy.

The timing of Maslenitsa directly depends on the Easter holiday. This is a week-long celebration, and each day has its own name.

Monday - “Meeting”, Tuesday - “Flirting”, Wednesday - “Gourmand”, Thursday - “Running Four”, Friday - “Mother-in-Law’s Party”, Saturday - “Sister-in-law’s Gatherings”, “Seeing Off”, Sunday - “Forgiveness Day” . The names speak for themselves: they make it clear how one should behave these days, and it is difficult to confuse anything here.

It was on Monday that the straw effigy of Maslenitsa was made - the main symbol of the holiday. The scarecrow personified a cold, angry and prickly winter, in other words, a harmful woman who everyone was tired of and who was long overdue to be driven out of sight.

As a rule, Maslenitsa was made of straw or bast, and wood was always used, more often birch - wood and straw represented the power of the plant world. The stuffed animal was dressed in women's clothing, a face was depicted, and decorated with artificial flowers and ribbons. By tying ribbons, people made their deepest wishes. For them to come true, the ribbons would later have to burn along with Maslenitsa. Then the stuffed animal was placed on a pole and carried around, accompanying the action with cheerful singing and dancing.

In many houses, so-called family Maslenitsa were created. They were made very simply: the branches were tied together in such a way as to form a body with arms and legs. Then, with the help of ropes, twisting them, they made a head, and dressed this doll in various clothes. Family Maslenitsa was ready. The more ribbons a doll has, the more magical power it has.

The children happily played with it throughout the Maslenitsa week, and then, on Forgiveness Sunday, when the main scarecrow was busy with the fire, they also threw it into the fire.

But not all dolls were burned on this day. Some stayed in the houses for as long as a year. Such a doll was called the “daughter of Maslenitsa” or “younger sister” and was put out the window on “Mother-in-law’s Day.”

It was also customary to give it to newlyweds who decided to get married at this time - so that the children would be born healthy, there would be prosperity and harmony in the young family. This, by the way, is where the tradition of placing a doll on the car of the wedding cortege came from.

Since ancient times, the “Daughter of Maslenitsa” was considered a powerful amulet and was always kept in the red corner. If misfortune came to the house, it was removed and, after wrapping it three times clockwise, they addressed it with the words: “Turn away evil. Turn around good.” A year later, the doll was burned in a Maslenitsa bonfire or floated on water.

The culmination of the holiday is the traditional burning of Maslenitsa on Sunday, “Forgiveness Day.” The scarecrow was taken to the edge of the village or to the square; usually Maslenitsa was accompanied by a whole procession. A fire was lit on the spot, and then the effigy was burned while singing and dancing.

Why did they do this? It's simple: Maslenitsa is akin to the Phoenix bird: rebirth through death, the new can only appear on the ruins of the old.

They threw old things, garbage, and worn-out clothes into the blazing fire. People hoped for revival, got rid of the dark past, sincerely believed in a bright future, and thus tried to protect themselves from misfortunes, troubles, diseases, and crop failures.

During the Maslenitsa festivities in Moscow, which will take place from March 7 to 13, you can learn how stuffed Maslenitsa and traditional dolls were made - twisted or reeled dolls, with parts not sewn, but secured with tightly twisted thread and the edges of the scraps not hemmed. Such dolls not only decorated the interior, but were also considered amulets.

A master class for children and adults on creating dolls will be held, for example, in the Ilya Glazunov gallery from March 8 to 13. It is located at Volkhonka Street, building 13. You can learn how to make dolls on March 9 at the Izopark gallery (Ostrovityanova Street, building 19/22). Gallery teachers will conduct a master class on creating a Maslenitsa doll using original techniques.

It will also be possible to make a doll at a charity exhibition-fair of products made by students and teachers of the Solntsevo children's art school at the address: 50 Let Oktyabrya Street, building 29b. The class will be held on March 10 from 16:00 to 18:00.

In addition, master classes on making dolls, costumes, clay toys, bracelets and other decorations for Maslenitsa on March 12 will be held in the following capital parks:

— “Museon”, Krymsky Val, possession 2;

— “Hermitage”, Karetny Ryad street, building 3;

— “Krasnaya Presnya”, Mantulinskaya street, building 5;

— Victory Park, Brothers Fonchenko Street, building 7;

— “Izmailovsky”, Narodny Prospekt, property 17;

— Lilac Garden, Shchelkovskoye Highway, building 9;

— Artyom Borovik Park, Pererva Street;

— “Kuzminki”, Kuzminsky Park, building 1, building 10;

— “Gardeners”, Andropov Avenue, 58a;

— “Sokolniki”, Sokolnichesky Val street, property 1;

— cultural center “Zelenograd”, Zelenograd, Central Square, building 1.

• General rules
• Paper doll
• Fabric doll
• Straw amulet

Have you ever wondered why the Maslenitsa doll is not sold in stores? After all, in order to decorate your home for other traditional holidays, it is enough to walk to the nearest supermarket. It's all about the ancient Slavic traditions of celebrating the end of winter and attracting the spring sun. This is not about burning a straw effigy or delicious pancakes, but about a homemade amulet that each housewife made with her own hands. Now you will learn how to make Maslenitsa with your own hands.

General rules

First, decide on your priorities. What do you want - to create a modern interior in the ancient Slavic style, surprise guests with a fashionable accessory and after a week throw the stuffed animal into the trash bin? Then you don’t have to strain too much, but even in this version the doll must be authentic, otherwise a carefully thought-out plan for decorating your home will look at least undignified. Or maybe you want to make a talisman for your home that should be kept all year round?

In any case, you need to know the conditions for how to make homemade Maslenitsa according to all the rules:

The location of this amulet in the house is also of great importance. Previously, it was customary to place it in the red corner, but now it is best to place it directly opposite the front door. This amulet is kept until the next holiday; the day before it is burned or thrown into the river and a new one is made. So, you have read the basic rules. Now let’s move on to specifics, namely, we’ll tell you how to make a homemade Maslenitsa doll with your own hands from one material or another.

Paper doll

The easiest way is to make a scarecrow Maslenitsa from paper of different colors. This method is especially suitable for those who make it together with small children.

For this you will need:

• Three sheets of paper red, orange and yellow.
• A small piece of white paper and a ruler.
• Stationery glue and scissors.

First, make the dress of the future doll:

The dress is ready, now make the head:

1. From the corner of the red paper, draw a knotted scarf and cut it out.
2. From another corner you can cut a diamond with sides equal to the edges of the scarf.
3. Glue a white circle in the center of the scarf and attach the head to the dress. From the “back” along the edges of the scarf, glue the back part of it, leaving the lower edges free.

As you can see, making such a Maslenitsa with your own hands is not at all difficult. Of course, there are more labor-intensive methods, but the results are more impressive.

Fabric doll

There are several ways to make a Maslenitsa doll from fabric. Let's consider the most elegant option.

You will need:

• A square of linen or white cotton fabric.
• A piece of cotton wool and knitting threads.
• Three squares of bright, preferably with a small floral print, chintz.
• All kinds of shreds, ribbons or braid.

Step-by-step instruction:

How to make a doll-amulet with your own hands - video

If you don’t have time to be particularly fancy with homemade Maslenitsa, but still want to decorate your house for the holiday, pay attention to an extremely simple method. To do this, take:

• 5-6 strips of fabric 3-5 cm wide and 10 cm long.
• The same number of strips twice as long.
• Threads and a couple of pieces of colored fabric.
• A thin straight stick.

Easy way:

Straw amulet

For residents of big cities, making Maslenitsa is both simple and difficult. Simplicity lies in the simple manufacturing technique. The difficulty is due to the search for suitable material: well, it is very difficult to find straw in a metropolis. Therefore, if desired, it can be replaced with a washcloth. If you have time to look for straws in craft stores, use this material. So, what do you need to stock up on:

• Two bundles of straw 15 and 20 centimeters long.
• White and red thick wool threads.
• A triangular piece of canvas, braid and multi-colored fabric.
• A square piece of white and cotton wool.
• A straight branch about 20 centimeters long.

The last point should be emphasized. Do not use alder and aspen wood for amulet: according to ancient beliefs, these trees can weaken the protective properties of the amulet. Now let's move on to the question of how to make a straw doll with your own hands:

So, you know the most popular options for how to make a spring home amulet. Now let's look at another extremely important attribute of this holiday.

Traditional making of a stuffed animal for Maslenitsa does not involve the use of expensive materials and special efforts. From time immemorial, the Slavs made a symbol of the past winter from all sorts of rubbish that was no longer needed in the household, which was joyfully burned at the end of the holiday week, thereby symbolizing getting rid of troubles. So, when thinking about how to make a scarecrow for Maslenitsa with your own hands and not ruin your budget, make a list like this:

• Two dry wooden blocks of different lengths.
• Hammer, nails and rope.
• Paper, straw, brooms or other materials that burn well.
• A white old pillowcase, long sleeve dress or robe.
• A scarf or a suitable piece of fabric.

How to make a stuffed animal:

If you want to fully comply with ancient rituals, on the first day put the effigy on a sled, since according to tradition it is supposed to be rolled around the yard and only then burned. By the way, you can burn the symbol of winter on Saturday evening, and on Forgiveness Sunday you can end the fun and prepare for fasting. However, the last option is interesting only for religious people. Maslenitsa festivities are in no way connected with generally accepted modern religion.

Cheese Week or Maslenitsa is in full swing in Khabarovsk. Traditional holiday festivities in honor of seeing off winter and welcoming spring will take place in all districts of the regional capital this Saturday. The main attribute of the holiday remains the burning of the Butter Effigy. However, recently many townspeople have opposed this tradition, considering it barbaric to set fire to a straw figure, especially if a human face is painted on it.

In ancient times, the depicted dolls not only resembled the human body in shape, but also necessarily had special characteristics inherent to one or another gender. Maslenitsa was depicted with large breasts, and Maslenitsa had obvious masculine features. The face was drawn especially carefully.

The most important ritual action when creating such characters was their dressing - “dressing up”. The costumes of the Maslenitsa scarecrows had to be old, shabby, torn, and sometimes they also wore fur coats with the fur turned outward. With all this, both the straw for the sheaf (body) of Maslenitsa and all items for clothing were necessarily selected from different peasant houses. They could even buy it together, considering the scarecrow a ritual symbol of all members of the village. In most cases, the character was also given a personal name Garanka, Avdotya, Dunya, etc.

After some time, in some regions of Russia, a living person began to perform this role. He dressed in old things, scared people, after which he went into the forest and returned in his usual appearance.

Today, the opinions of townspeople are divided on whether to “humanize” the scarecrow or not. Some are sure that these are relics of a barbaric past.

I am not against burning a straw effigy that only resembles a real person in outline. But when it’s a smiling, happy figure, it looks creepy, as if she’s at the stake of the Inquisition. And if earlier they put deep meaning into it, now it’s just entertainment. Therefore, I don’t consider it necessary to draw a face on it,” said Elena, a Khabarovsk resident.

I see that many teachers, kindergarten teachers and other people who work with children are categorically against the “barbaric custom.” From their point of view, the fact of burning an effigy, in our time, does not tell the younger generation anything, and only inflicting psychological trauma on children will push them to similar negative actions in the future. But I don't agree with this. On the contrary, you need to explain to children the true essence of this and other Russian rituals, customs and traditions, and prepare your students for their correct perception. But it’s still not worth drawing a face, said Anton, a Khabarovsk resident.

Others don't see anything wrong with it.

As far as I know, burning an effigy and saying goodbye to winter in its face is almost the only pagan rite that has secretly received the approval of the Christian church. So it’s a useful thing to burn Maslenitsa and have fun,” Nikolai, a Khabarovsk resident, shared his opinion.

Despite the fact that Lent begins immediately after the end of Maslenitsa week, officially these two events are in no way connected with each other. Therefore, the Orthodox Church also does not support the burning of a “human effigy”, since this is a pagan tradition.

This is a folk tradition - burning an effigy. Christians don't support this. Of course, everyone decides for themselves how to depict a scarecrow, but still it’s wrong to set fire to something with a human face - it’s somehow blasphemous,” said Natalya Garayeva, spokeswoman for the Khabarovsk diocese.

Burning a Maslenitsa effigy and climbing a pole are purely pagan relics. It is better for an Orthodox person not to go to these folk festivals. They have nothing to do with Christianity,” Yuri, a parishioner, shared his opinion.

Let us remind you that in Khabarovsk Maslenitsa this year will be celebrated in all districts of the city. The celebrations will take place on February 21. In all places of celebration there will be sports competitions, those gathered will be treated to pancakes, and Khabarovsk residents will be entertained by creative groups of the regional capital.

In the Southern District, the holiday will begin at 12 o'clock on the territory of the Dolphin recreation area. Those who dare to reach the top of the pillar may receive valuable gifts. During the event, a field kitchen will be organized, where everyone will be treated to free soldier’s porridge and hot tea. There will also be retail outlets selling pancakes, kebabs and pilaf.

In the Central District, on the territory of the lower city pond, a wide Maslenitsa will be held from 13.00 to 15.00. The program includes folk festivals, performances by professional and amateur creative groups, sports competitions, fun competitions and prize drawings from sponsoring companies. Spectators will see a performance of cheerful buffoons and mummers, and will take part in funny relay races. At the end of the holiday, the ritual of burning an effigy of winter will traditionally take place.

In the Zheleznodorozhny district, a site has been designated for a wide Maslenitsa on the territory of the Oasis cafe on Aviatsionnaya Street, 45a. Here the festive events will begin at 12 o'clock. The organizers will provide everyone with the opportunity to ride ponies and snowmobiles, as well as rent a gazebo with barbecue and charcoal for a fun winter picnic.

In the Northern District, the festivities will begin in Severny Park at 12 noon. Play areas will be organized here, guests will be treated to soldier's porridge and hot tea, and all day they will be able to have fun on slides and various attractions.

Lent begins on February 23. It crowns the holiday of the Resurrection of Christ - Easter. This year the main Christian holiday is celebrated on April 12.

Source - Khabarovsk news on DVHab.ru