Basic elements of origami. Basics of origami. Basic book form

Origami (translated from Japanese as “folded paper”) - ancient art folding various paper shapes without the use of scissors and glue. There are many versions of where exactly the origami technique originated. Presumably in Ancient China, where paper was invented, but one can say for sure that it developed and became an entire art form in Japan.

Since ancient times, origami has played a wide variety of roles in the life of the Japanese; at first it was used as decoration wedding ceremonies and ritual processions. For a long time, only representatives of the upper classes knew the technique of folding paper. And only after the Second World War, origami went beyond the East and became available to everyone.

IN different countries origami technique acquired different meaning: for the Japanese it has become part of a cultural tradition, for the British and Americans it has become a type of club activity, for the Dutch it has become a culture of interior decoration.

In Russia, origami has found application in the field of education and leisure. Paper folding not only develops the hemispheres of the brain and fine motor skills, but also has a beneficial effect on the human psyche. Origami promotes concentration, develops memory and imagination.

Exist different kinds origami, which have their own special names.

Types of origami

Simple origami. This technique uses only two folds, called "mountain" and "valley".

Origami from a scan. It is a drawing on which all the lines of the necessary bends have already been drawn. When assembled, the result is a three-dimensional and very realistic model. This technique is most often used when creating animal figurines.

Wet origami. The youngest technology, it appeared a little over 20 years ago. Using wet origami, you can make almost any shape out of paper. But special paper impregnated with glue is used.

Quilling or paper rolling. This is a fairly simple but labor-intensive technique. Thin rolled strips of paper are used to create geometric figures, they are glued to the edge of the paper to the base, and a whole picture is obtained.

Kirigama. This is the only technique that uses scissors. Made for postcards with three-dimensional elements.

Monegami. Origami folded from banknotes.

It is made up of several identical figures called modules. These modules are various forms: square, rectangular, triangular. Assembles without the use of glue or threads.

Kusudama. This volumetric figure spherical shape. As a rule, it consists of several modules that are glued together, and more often sewn together into a ball shape. Initially it had ritual significance, however, in our time it is a souvenir and interior decoration.

Basics of modular origami technique

In this article I suggest you master the main element modular origami, from which you can subsequently create a variety of figures and models of varying complexity.

Sometimes the modular origami technique is mistakenly classified as a kusudama technique, but this is incorrect because the kusudama elements are stitched or glued, and in modular origami they are inserted into each other without the use of fastenings. Thus, you can create modular figures without any glue, having only paper on hand.

Let's try to learn how to fold the modules from which a spherical kusudama flower is formed.

Triangular module assembly diagram

The modules are made from a rectangular sheet (A4 sheet is perfect).

Memo: For modular origami, it is better to choose fairly thick paper.

Fold the leaf in half lengthwise.

We bend it in half again, but this time across (this fold is necessary to mark the middle, so after bending, bend it back).

In the middle you can see the fold line, which we will focus on.

Now, according to the principle, we bend the edges of the sheet to the intended middle at a right angle, like the wings of a paper airplane.

Turn the leaf over and fold the bottom part up along the edge of the triangle.

We bend the corners beyond the edges of the large triangle.

Bend the lower part back, leaving the corners bent.

We fold the corners inward so that they are not visible, and bend the trapezoidal parts upward.

Now we fold this triangle in half. We now have the original module.

To fold the flower, we need corners and pockets.

A pocket is the same corner, only with reverse side. On the other side of the corner there are pockets into which the corners will be inserted. Any figure using the kusudama technique is made up of triangular modules, which are inserted into each other.

Each row is assembled using two corners (one corner from two different modules) placed in the pockets of the third module.

Also in the scheme there is doubling of modules (to give the shape of a ball); for this, only one corner is placed in the third module, and the second pocket remains empty.

And in the next row, the module is put on as usual, on the corners of two different modules.

By adding modules in a row in this way, you can get a spherical shape, from which, in turn, you can put together various figures, for example, a swan, a dragon, etc., which will be discussed in more detail in the following master classes.

Methodological material for the lesson

Epigraph

“I’ve been looking at you with loving eyes for a long time
To the ancient art of origami.
There is no need for wizards and magicians here,
There is nothing special here,
Do you need to take a piece of paper?
And try to put something together!”
(Kiseleva N.D.) Origami (Japanese - folded paper) is a type of decorative and applied art; ancient art of folding
paper figures. The art of origami has its roots
goes back to Ancient China, where paper was invented.
But for the most part this art developed in Japan.
Classic origami prescribes the use
one sheet of paper without using glue or scissors.
There is a certain set of conventional signs,
necessary to draw a diagram
folding even the most complex product. Bigger
Some conventional signs were put into practice in
the middle of the 20th century famous Japanese master Akira
Yoshizawa.

1. “Triangle” shape

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape.
Raise the bottom corner, aligning
it with the top corner.
2. The resulting workpiece has the shape
isosceles rectangular
triangle.
When folding the figures, the basic
triangle shape can
positioned differently. Habitual
position - when the bottom side
the largest, that is, the base
isosceles triangle.
A triangle can also be
located at a right angle downwards. This
not quite the usual position gave
another name for this basic form is
"kerchief"

2. Kite form

1. Place the square
"diamond". Bend it over
diagonals.
2. Lower the top sides from
vertices of the upper corner to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is really
reminds kite. But
these days she has acquired and
other name -
"ice cream". Turn
basic right angle shape
up and you will see the "sugar
straw."

3. Door shape

1. Fold the square
combining opposites
sides.
2. Lower the sides to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is similar to
elevator doors or
double door wardrobe,
that's why they call her
"door" (preferred)
or "closet".

4. Pancake shape

1. Fold the square in half along
diagonals, marking the center
square at the intersection
bend lines.
2. Lower all corners one by one
to the center of the square.
3. Basic pancake shape
has a square shape and
doesn't look round at all
damn, but rather reminiscent
envelope (letter).

5. “Double House” form

1. Place the square
"window". Bend a square
in half, combining
opposite sides.
2. Fold the rectangle
in half, combining short
sides.
3. Fold the side parts,
lowering the short sides to
inflection lines.
4. Unfold and flatten
"pocket".
5. Open and flatten the second
"pocket".
6. The basic form consists of two
houses.

6. Double triangle shape

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape.
Another name - “water bomb” - comes from the figure from this
basic form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible
triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner has formed in the center
original square.
1. Fold the square diagonally.
Turn it over.
2. Fold in half, matching
top and bottom sides.
3. Press down on the center of the square.
Concave the side triangles,
folding them in half. Wherein
the top of the square will bend to
the other side.
4. Flip through the figure, changing
corners in places.
5. Basic form "double"
triangle".

7. Double Square Shape

This basic form has two visible
square planes, non-opening (“blind”)
the angle formed at the center of the initial shape
(square), and a drop-down corner located
opposite “deaf” and formed by angles
square.
1. Fold the square twice
in half, combining
opposite sides.
Turn it over.
2. Fold along diagonals.
3. Bend the side squares,
folding them in half and
lowering the top down from
myself.
4. Basic form "double"
square".

8. Fish shape

Basic shape folds
based on basic form
"kite".
1. Flip the base shape
"kite".
2. Bend, matching the vertices
lower and upper corners.
Turn.
3. Pull out the pocket corner
up.
4. Pull out the corner of the other
"pocket".

Fish shape (continued)

1. The resulting workpiece -
short version of the basic
fish shapes -
turns into a long one
option. Pick one up
bottom corner.
2. Turn over.
3. Basic fish shape.

9. “Catamaran” shape

1. Fold the basic shape
"door". Turn it over.
2. Bend the piece in half.
3. Fold the bottom over.
4. Open the “pockets” and
flatten them by combining
top sides
sides raised
from the middle, and pulling
bottom corners to the sides.

Form "Catamaran" (continued)

1. It turns out to be a boat.
Turn it over.
2. Fold, combining
bottom and top sides.
3. Open your “pockets”
getting a second boat.
4. Basic form in the form
double boat -
"catamaran".

10.Bird shape

The basic "bird" shape is folded on the base
basic “double square” shape.
1. Bend the sides away from
drop-down angle to
inflection lines.
2. Bend the “blind” corner.
3. Unbend the corners.
4. Lift up the bottom
part, capturing one layer
paper and holding
"blind" corner.
5. In this case, the side parts
will be in the center.

Bird Shape (continued)

1. Half of the basic form
The "bird" is ready. Turn it over.
2. Bend the “blind” and side
corners.
3. Open the “pocket” by pulling
bottom up.
4. The basic bird shape has
“blind” corner, two wing corners and
two corner legs. Basic form
got this name because
from it you can add various
bird models.
The basic bird shape has two
types: long and short.
The short version is obtained if
lower the upper wing corners.

Making basic shapes on a sheet of cardboard

Options for technological maps of products (step-by-step execution)

Wonderful origami crafts

Contact Information

Soroka Natalya Pavlovna,
teacher MDK.02.04
"Workshop on HOM"
SPb GBPOU "Pedagogical
College No. 8"
Email:
Good luck in your creativity!

2106

21.10.15 06:50

Origami is the art of creation original figures from sheets of paper. Originating in Ancient China, the trend became widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.

Over time, the technology became widespread and became generally available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on a product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special characters, which are used to draw up diagrams, allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.

Products created using the origami technique have always been given increased mystical significance. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers used original elements to pass notes to each other. Today, crafts have retained their decorative value; they are often used when decorating premises or conducting certain rituals, for example, tea ceremonies.

Basics of origami - material requirements

• The paper should not bend or break.
• You can only use material that holds its shape and does not open up, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
• The quality of a sheet of paper can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is smooth, without small cracks running in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
• The color of the raw material must be even and not stain your hands or adjacent parts.
• Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other auxiliary devices.
• If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figure, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There can be several sheets; the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, the use of foil is allowed.

Types and forms of origami - description and features

• Classic. These are the basics of origami, which involve using one colored or blank sheet of paper.
• Origami for children. Simplified variations on a classic theme, designed to develop the baby’s fine motor skills, logic, and quick thinking.
• Modular approach. Products are created from many parts and pieces, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
• Kusudama. A type of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, every detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually this is a three-dimensional spherical object.
• Regular origami. A destination intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
• Development work. The most difficult type of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items you need to have a good understanding of complex drawings.
• Wet folding. Wet paper is used for this work. Such figures do not have sharp bends, are soft and seem alive.

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Slide captions:

Basic forms origami

Basic “square” shape Fold diagonally Fold again, valley fold

Basic shape “square” Bend the top corner “mountain” Flip it over

Basic shape “square” Fold “valley” Fold “mountain” to the left

Basic "square" shape Basic "square" shape

Basic shape “Double Square” Fold diagonally, turn Repeat on the other side, unfold

Basic shape “Double Square” Fold horizontally into a mountain, unfold Fold vertically, unfold

Basic “double square” shape Fold the sheet along the marked lines, the basic shape is ready. .

Basic “book” shape Fold the sheet in half Basic “book” shape

Basic “door” shape The middle line is outlined The side side is folded towards the middle

Basic door shape Turn clockwise, the basic shape is ready.

Basic "house" shape Mark the middle of the side Fold the side in half

Basic “house” shape The sides are folded towards the middle The top layers of paper are laid out to the side and flattened

Basic shape “door” Basic shape – “house”

Basic triangle shape Fold diagonally Basic triangle shape

Basic “pancake” shape Bend diagonally on both sides, straighten Each corner is folded towards the center of the sheet.

Basic pancake shape Basic pancake shape

Basic “kite” shape Fold one side diagonally, unfold The sides of the square are folded to the diagonal line

Basic "kite" form Basic "kite" form

Basic bomb shape Fold in half Fold to the left, valley fold

Basic bomb shape One part of the left corner is pulled to the right, flattened Flip over

Basic bomb shape Valley fold Same on the other side

Basic bomb shape Basic bomb shape

Basic “fish” shape Fold diagonally, straighten The sides of the square are folded towards the diagonal, straighten

Basic “fish” shape Same thing from the opposite corner Bend along an unmarked diagonal

Basic fish shape Fold along the lines. Basic fish shape

Basic “catamaran” shape Mark the diagonals Mark the midpoints of the sides

Basic “catamaran” shape Bend each corner to the center, straighten the sides to the center

Basic “catamaran” shape “Valley” folds Each corner is extended from the inside

Basic shape "catamaran" Basic shape "catamaran"

Basic “frog” shape Basic “square” shape Mark lines on each side by turning left towards the center

Flatten the basic “frog” shape; place the upper sides towards the middle, the bottom fold into a “valley”

Basic “frog” shape Same on all sides

Basic bird shape Fold diagonally into valley fold

Basic shape “bird” Bend the top layer “mountain” Flip it over

Basic shape “bird” Fold “valley” to the right Fold “mountain” to the left

Basic “bird” shape All corners towards the center Fold over upper layer to myself

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