The safety of the owners depends on the correct choice of entrance doors, and further comfort and coziness in the house depends on the successful selection of interior doors. But not only the canvas itself is important, but also the high-quality installation of fastening elements. Using the most suitable canopy will ensure the long life of the entire door.
Types of canopies
A variety of door hinges allows you to choose which way the door will open. Therefore, in order not to regret the decision after its installation, it is important to decide in advance on the type and operating principle of the hinges.
Hinges are a fairly simple device that allows you to do all the work yourself.
Butterfly loops
They are the most practical for interior doors. Butterfly loops got their name because of their characteristic shape - when open, they resemble the wings of a butterfly. When folded, the canopy is the thickness of one card. This is achieved thanks to a special shape ─ when closing, one “wing” of the butterfly is precisely marked into the cutout of the second.
When installing such hinges, it is very important to select suitable screws. Since the two parts of the butterfly’s “wings” will be in direct contact with the wood, you should use screws whose heads will be ideally hidden in a special groove in the hinge. At making the right choice, the sash will close well and no additional difficulties will arise during its use.
Simple mortise
This is the most widely known type of awning. It is used in almost every home. It consists of two parts and is secured with ordinary wood screws.
Since doors can vary in size, such hinges must also meet operating requirements.
Invoices
Structurally, they are not much different from the previous ones, but there are still some differences. The main nuance that should be taken into account when installing these canopies is the installation method. If the previous option is simply attached to the end of the door, then for of this type loops, special recesses must be made (embedded). This is necessary in order to hide the fastening plates and create a smaller gap between the door frame and the jamb.
Installation of overhead hinges
This work is not particularly difficult due to the simplicity of the hinge design. Outwardly, they are quite simple: two parts (“male and female”) are connected into one, which makes installation easier. In order to secure the door smoothly and correctly on the awnings, you first need to screw the hinges to the door frame. This installation must be done extremely accurately, otherwise the result will be curvature and they will not be able to open normally.
Next, you should correctly install the door on the substrate of the required height and at a slight angle relative to the overhead awnings. Then you need to open it and lean it against the end of the frame. It is important to accurately fix the position of the door. This can be done with a regular plumb line. After final adjustment, you can fix it with self-tapping screws.
They need to be tightened firmly, but carefully so as not to disturb the structure of the wood.
Universal hinges are quite simple in design. Their main difference is that they are made one-piece. They are often small in size, which undoubtedly gives them a certain elegance. Their installation will not take much time, because it does not require any additional work. Such hinges are thin, so even when the door is closed, the gap between it and the opening lining is small. When using universal canopies, the beauty of the doorway and the inconspicuousness of the joint are preserved.
How to install hinges correctly
No matter how beautiful and attractive the door is, incorrectly installed hinges will ruin not only the impression. If it does not close ─ the benefit will be small. Therefore, at the marking stage it is important to take the work seriously. Many people do this work either in a hurry or at a quick fix. But more often than not, after this you have to twist the awnings many times and damage the wood of the door. To avoid this, you need to know some nuances regarding the installation of hinges.
Number of loops. It all depends on the size and weight of the door being installed. Since its weight can vary from 2.5 to 8 kg, the number of canopies will also vary. The standard height of interior doors does not exceed 2.3 m; the most correct solution would be to install two canopies.
However, there are designs that have large dimensions. In this case, you need to increase the number of loops.
If there are three of them, you can combine them as follows:
- Two on the edges of the door (15-20 cm from the edge), and one in the center;
- Two at the top (the second is 10 cm lower than the first);
- Two below (the second is 10 cm higher than the last).
It is recommended to carry out marking in several stages. To make work easier, it is best to divide the loops into two parts - upper and lower. The second canopy element (the one with the pin) should be mounted on the door frame, while the first (with a special groove for the pin) will be mounted on the door frame.
When starting directly to marking, it is advisable to arm yourself with a sharp pencil. In order to make the markings on the door frame with your own hands as correctly as possible, you can simply attach one of the parts of the canopy in the place where it will be attached. Then you should trace it along the contour with a pencil.
It is important to do this as close to the edges of the loops as possible. Since special recesses are often cut out for them on the frame and on the door frame, the further operation of the interior door will depend on the accuracy and quality of the markings.
After the markings are made on the frame, you can proceed to the door frame. In order to select the correct height for the second part of the canopy (the one with the pin), you can resort to one trick: place a board under the door, the width of which corresponds to the height of the desired gap between the door and the floor; after which you need to transfer the dimensions of the canopy to the door jamb so that they coincide with the first part of the hinges screwed to the frame.
Inserting hinges into interior doors
To make the awnings look beautiful, they can be embedded into wood - both the door frame and the door itself. Many people choose to do this work with their own hands, because there is nothing complicated about it. It will require several tools:
- Chisel;
- Hammer;
- Pencil;
Before you begin, it is important to correctly and accurately outline the canopy on all sides. Next, using these measurements, you need to make a recess with a depth equal to the thickness of the hinge material.
The whole process is clearly shown in the following video:
In order to make the grooves efficiently and correctly, it is important to take your time and approach this matter responsibly. It is necessary to make exactly the depth that will ideally correspond to the thickness of the plate. After all, if the groove is deeper, the frame protrusions will catch and opening and closing will not be smooth. And vice versa - if it’s too small, then there’s simply no room left for loops.
So, having more complete knowledge in the matter of choosing loops, you can make your choice more confidently. It is worth remembering that no matter the quality of the hinges, timely lubrication of the rotation elements will only extend their service life. Moreover, installation and insertion of canopies will serve good experience and will be useful in the future.
Installing hinges on the door: insertion technology of various models
Every man should know how to install door hinges. The loop is one of the key elements throughout the door structure, it not only holds the leaf in the frame, but also ensures its movement. Therefore, how well the door will function depends on the correct installation. If installed incorrectly, squeaks, rubbing and jamming may occur, so knowing how to properly install hinges on a door is very important.
Correctly installed door hinges ensure proper functioning of the door.
Types of loops
First, you need to familiarize yourself with the varieties of these parts, this will help not only determine which hinges are best installed on interior and entrance doors, but also understand the specifics of the design, which is very important to take into account during installation.
In total, there are 5 most popular models of door hinges:
- Straight - standard samples with plates on the sides (card loops). The most common option for interior doors.
- Angled - differ from straight ones only in the shape of the plates; they are made in the form of corners. Used for pendulum models.
- Screw-in - a rotating axle with pins instead of plates. Suitable for lightweight doors only.
- Hidden - the hinge is recessed into the door structure. Such hinges are mainly installed on expensive models entrance doors.
- Italian - differ in the design of the hinge, similar to furniture options. Used in expensive imported models.
Main types of door hinges
According to the installation method, the following should be distinguished:
- Overlays - attached on top of the door structure without prior preparation.
- Mortise - installed in pre-prepared recesses, forming a flat surface with the door.
- Screw-in - screwed into the door using pins, the presence of which is provided for by the design of the part.
Hinge installation methods
Depending on the direction in which the door will open and the mounting sides are distinguished:
- left-handed,
- right-sided,
- universal.
Universal ones are convenient because they can be attached from any side, but this complicates the process of installing and dismantling the canvas itself.
Each of the described types has its own installation nuances. The simplest are card models. The most difficult thing to install hidden loops.
Marking
The first step in installing hinges with your own hands is marking. To do this, you need to retreat 20 cm from the bottom and top of the door leaf and mark the starting lines with a pencil. Next, depending on the direction of opening the door, attach the hinges to the marks made, outline the outline and mark the points at the attachment points. At the same time, to ensure free movement of the fittings, the rods should not touch the door leaf, but you should not push them too far either, this will worsen the strength of the fastening. You should also carefully inspect the insertion points for the presence of knots; screwing self-tapping screws into them can lead to distortion or split the door leaf, so the hinges must be moved 2-3 cm down or up from the problem area.
After this, it is necessary to assemble the door block and make markings on the frame in the same way, while maintaining a gap of 2-3 mm between the frame and the door leaf. It is most convenient to do this when the door is not yet installed, in otherwise the canvas is fixed in the opening using wedges.
Marking the door block for installing hinges
Depending on the size and weight of the door leaf, it may be necessary to install a third hinge. In this case, the insertion is not made in the middle, but with a slight offset to the top hinge in order to regulate the load exerted on the fittings by the weight of the door leaf. As a rule, for doors up to 80 cm wide, up to 2 m high and up to 50 mm thick, two hinges are sufficient.
Installing simple card loops
Installing card door hinges with your own hands is mainly done in two ways. First, let's look at the simplest one using overhead parts. To do this you will need a drill and self-tapping screws, as well as hinges with a special structure; their peculiarity is that the halves have different shapes, and when closing the doors fit into each other, which is why they can be installed directly on the surface of the door. Use a pencil to mark the locations for the holes and drill them. If the door leaf is made of wood, MDF or plastic, you can immediately screw in the screws, without preliminary drilling.
Sequence of installation of overhead hinges
Traditionally, straight card hinges used in the home are installed slightly differently. So that they do not stop the mechanism when closing, they need to be recessed a little. The easiest way to insert card hinges into interior doors with your own hands is to use a chisel; to do this, a layer of material is cut off on the door and door to the depth of the part. Then the hinge halves are applied to the installation site and secured with self-tapping screws.
Sequence of installation of mortise card loops
Installation of corner card models
For doors with a rebate, it is better to choose corner hinges; in essence, these are the same samples as simple card hinges, but their halves have the shape of a corner. How to install corner hinges in a door? In exactly the same way as straight lines - one part is fixed on the loot, and the other at the end of the canvas.
Corner models have a design in the form of two corners and are mounted in a mortise manner
Insertion of hidden loops
In modern homes, more advanced models of fittings are increasingly used. Hidden hinges do not burden the appearance of the doors, they are quite easy to care for, and the features of their design and installation increase the class of burglary resistance, which is an important factor for entrance doors.
Hidden hinge models
How to install hidden hinges on a door:
- Mark the position of the parts;
- Using an electric router, make a recess for the mechanism;
- Using a chisel, remove the layer of material in the area reserved for fasteners;
- Separate the hinges;
- Insert the larger element into the door frame and secure it with self-tapping screws;
- Fix the smaller part in the canvas;
- Connect both parts of the hinges and tighten the fastening screw.
If desired, you can install decorative inserts over the fastenings.
Hidden hinges are inserted using an electric router
Other types
Not as often as the models described above use screw-in and Italian hinges. How to be in this case? Italian models are installed in the same way as card ones, the only difference is the location of the hinges; unlike standard ones, they are installed not at the ends of the door system, but at the top and bottom.
Screw-in hinges can be easily identified by appearance, instead of plates on the sides, they have threaded pins, with their help the part is secured in the door frame and leaf, this is ideal for pretend models of structures. In addition, another advantage is the possibility of adjustment using a hexagon. To hide the metal part of the hinges, they can be disguised with decorative caps.
Screw-in model is only suitable for lightweight door panels
Simple metal doors are usually connected to the hinges by welding, but in order to weld the hinges onto the iron door. certain skills are required. It should also be taken into account that the hinge mechanism must initially be welded with the mounting plates. Work is carried out only with a continuous seam. Thanks to the mounting plates, it is possible to make the task easier and weld the parts into place without much difficulty. To ensure that the seams do not interfere with the movement of the canvas, they must be carefully cleaned, for example, with a grinder. If you doubt that you can do such work correctly, it is better to seek the help of a specialist.
Metal door hinges most often have a welded structure
Adjustment
So, let's look at how to adjust card hinges on an interior or metal door? If the structure is loose, it is necessary to tighten the screws. Modern products have a mechanism in their design that is adjusted using a hex key and allows you to tighten the door to the required level.
Now let's look at how to adjust hidden door hinges. This can only be done in the open position. You must first remove the decorative trims, then tighten the screw using a hex key. Thanks to the design features, the door position can be adjusted in three planes.
Inserting door hinges is a rather troublesome task, but nevertheless quite simple to do it yourself. By following our recommendations, each of you will be able to properly secure and adjust any type of door hinge.
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As a rule, interior doors are sold without fastening elements, so after purchasing such a design, the home craftsman will have to install the fittings. Naturally, in order to install door hinges with your own hands correctly, it is important for the master to have basic skills in working with plumbing tools.
When performing such an operation, it is important to be extremely careful, because incorrect installation of hinges on the door will entail serious consequences. The most significant nuisance is the sash being skewed, which will make it impossible to close the door tightly.
All door hinges according to the installation method can be divided into the following:
- screw-in;
- butterfly-type overhead;
- hidden insert canopies.
The installation of butterfly door hinges is carried out on top of the structure: one component is mounted on the door frame, and the second on the leaf. In general, the “butterfly” is considered the most common type of fittings (it is used regardless of the type of door and the weight of the door leaf).
Screw-in canopies are made in the form of threaded pins. Such fastening elements require extreme precision during installation: they are screwed into the canvas and the box.
The elements of the hidden insert have the most complex design: there are three rotary axes. They are installed in such a way that when the door is closed, the fittings are not visible at all. That is why they got their name “hidden insert loops” or “hidden canopies”.
And yet, before you begin installing the fittings, you need to select them correctly. Loops can be left, right and universal.
Installation of overhead fittings
What is a door hinge made of?
Installation of butterfly fastening elements begins with markings: on the end side of the sash, mark 200 mm from the top edge and exactly the same distance from the bottom edge. When marking, the fittings are applied to the canvas so that the hinge part is directed towards the front side of the door, and traced around it with a pencil.
Then a recess is made along the contour line, the product is installed in this recess and secured. In fact, this is one of the ways to attach overhead fittings.
The second method of attaching butterfly awnings ensures more precise installation of the product.
It is implemented as follows:
- The canopies are secured to the end side of the canvas with two screws.
- Using a knife, make a small indentation along the contour.
- Remove the fasteners and remove the hinges.
- A thin layer of wood is removed along the contour line using a chisel.
Then the hinges are fixed to the structure using self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws. It is important to pay attention to the following point: the screws must have countersunk heads, and the diameter of such heads must correspond to the size of the hole in the canopy provided for fasteners.
Installation of screw-in products
As a rule, three screw-in hinges are installed on light-weight sashes, but at least four on heavy structures. Moreover, the more massive the sash, the higher quality the installed products should be.
Correctly installed screw-in products eliminate problems with closing the door. Some models are equipped with inserts made of self-lubricating material - nylon (such inserts reduce the coefficient of friction between individual structural elements).
Screw-in elements are mounted according to a template. In this case, the type of template depends on the type of the selected door system on which such canopies are installed. And besides, the number of screw-in hinges mounted on the sash depends on the height, width, and weight of the leaf.
So, the installation of this type of fittings is carried out as follows: you need to mark it correctly, then you should drill mounting holes for the hinge pins, install the canopies and secure them.
Insertion of hidden canopies
Unlike overhead elements, which require a small recess for installation, hidden fittings require a deeper seat. To cut a recess for hidden hinge, you will need a milling machine: a hammer and chisel will not help here.
Firstly, because with the help of such instruments the operation will take a long time. And, secondly, for the reason that the hole must be made carefully, and this cannot be achieved with a chisel. A hammer and chisel can be used to cut the hinge mate into the door frame.
After the selection of the seat is completed, the installation of the hidden loop begins. To do this, the canopies of the hidden insert are separated, one part (the larger one) is installed in the hole, and the second (smaller) is attached to the door leaf. Self-tapping screws are used to attach the hidden hinge.
Installing hinges on a door is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. The main thing here is attentiveness and accuracy: then everything will work out the best way, And installed door will delight the eye and give a good mood for many years!
Hinges are an integral part of the door. They ensure their opening and closing. Methods for installing door hardware depend on its type. To install hinges correctly, you need a suitable tool, skills to work with it and knowledge of the main stages of work.
Types of fittings
The hinges differ in design. They can be of the following types:
When choosing hinges by type, you should take into account the weight of the leaf and which way it opens. Double-sided ones are installed on pendulum-type doors, making it possible to open both inside and outside the room.
General rules
How to embed hinges depends on their type. But there is general rules, which should be followed during installation.
Regardless of the type of loops, the following installation stages are distinguished:
- Marking.
- Cutting recesses and/or holes for mounting.
- Installation of fittings.
- Adjusting the door operation.
Tool for the job
Proper installation with your own hands is impossible without the necessary tools for the job. These include:
- pencil, tape measure;
- screwdriver or screwdriver;
- milling cutter;
- chisel;
- drill and bit.
Not all of the tools listed are strictly required. In most cases, it is quite possible to install fittings without using a screwdriver and a router, but with their help the work will be done faster and with better quality.
Overhead hinges
Overhead mortise hinges are the most common. The simple design ensures long-lasting and reliable operation. Such fittings will well withstand the weight of a heavy wooden interior door.
Overhead mortise hinges are installed in a specially made recess. To cut it out with your own hands, place the bar in the right place and trace it around the perimeter with a pencil. Next, a niche is cut out with a router or chisel. It should be of such depth that the hinge bar fits completely into it and is flush with the end of the door.
The hinges are attached to the self-tapping screws that come with the kit. If you are not confident in your skills, then it is better to first secure the fittings on two self-tapping screws, and screw in the rest after the structure is in place. In addition, this will make the adjustment process easier. It will be easier to remove the hinges and modify the niche in which they are planted.
You can adjust the operation of the hinges by deepening the recess, if it is not deep enough and the canvas rubs against the box from the handle side or does not close at all. When these shortcomings are observed from the fittings, the niche is too deep. The problem is eliminated by placing cardboard or elastic under the bar, which will raise it a little.
Height adjustment is made by moving the hinges up or down, respectively.
Installation of corner hinges
They differ from overhead ones only in the presence of a bend in the strip, the angle of which is 90 degrees. They are placed on interior doors with a vestibule.
The installation and operating principle of corner hinges do not differ from overhead hinges. One part of them is attached to the canvas, and the second to the box.
Butterfly loop installation
Butterfly hinges are an overhead type of fittings. Installing them yourself is easier than mortise ones. They do not require special recesses, but are simply placed on the end of the door and frame in the right places and secured with self-tapping screws.
Butterfly hinges are installed on a perfectly flat surface. Otherwise, the plank will not be completely adjacent to the canvas, and the interior doors will “play.” This deficiency can be corrected by placing a thin strip of cardboard under the bar on the side where it fits snugly against the door. The bar will rise and the butterfly stitches will lie flat.
Not suitable for heavy structures. They may become deformed under the weight of the canvas. Therefore, take this feature into account before purchasing accessories.
Screw-in hinges
Screw-in hinges are usually installed on rebated doors. Their number depends on the weight of the canvas. It will be enough to mount two screw-in hinges on light ones. For heavier ones, sometimes three or even four are used. They also differ in the number of pins. There may be two, three or four.
Screw-in hinges are attached to the canvas and the box using pins that are screwed into the material. Recesses are pre-made for them. To do this you will need a special tool. The fittings are installed so that the thread fits completely into the frame post. After installing the counter part, the interior doors are mounted on pins and the structure is checked for functionality.
Screw-in hinges can be adjusted horizontally, height and clamping. Adjustment is made using specially provided holes with a hex key.
After installation and adjustment, decorative caps are placed on the screw hinges.
Installation of hidden hinges
Installing hidden hinges with your own hands is difficult. For this you need a tool such as a milling cutter. The fittings are completely hidden in the door leaf, so one chisel is not enough when working.
As with the installation of other types of fittings, we mark the installation location with a pencil. After this, you need to cut out the recesses for the hidden loop. At this stage of work, a router is used. To make niches you will need a template for inserting door hinges, which comes complete with fittings. It is fixed on the tool, and cavities of the required size are cut out with a milling cutter.
One part of the hidden loop is inserted into the end of the canvas, and the other into the box. The location of the hinges inside the canvas protects the mechanism from external influences and extends the service life of hidden fittings. After installation is completed, the door operation is checked and adjustments are made.
Adjustment of the operation of hidden hinges, as well as screw-in hinges, is possible in three directions: horizontally, height and pressure. A hex wrench is used for this. After the adjustment is completed, the adjustment holes are hidden under decorative overlays.
If you do not have a tool such as a router, then it is better to entrust the installation of hidden hinges to a specialist. Alternatively, you can rent it.
