Simple origami triangle shapes. Origami for beginners: symbols, basic forms. Basic fish shape

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21.10.15 06:50

Origami is the art of creation original figures from sheets of paper. Originating in Ancient China, the trend became widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.

Over time, the technology became widespread and became generally available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on a product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special characters, which are used to draw up diagrams, allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.

Products created using the origami technique have always been given increased mystical significance. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers used original elements to pass notes to each other. Today, crafts have retained their decorative value; they are often used when decorating premises or conducting certain rituals, for example, tea ceremonies.

Basics of origami - material requirements

• The paper should not bend or break.
• You can only use material that holds its shape and does not open up, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
• The quality of a sheet of paper can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is smooth, without small cracks running in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
• The color of the raw material must be even and not stain your hands or adjacent parts.
• Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other auxiliary devices.
• If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figure, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There can be several sheets; the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, the use of foil is allowed.

Types and forms of origami - description and features

• Classic. These are the basics of origami, which involve using one colored or blank sheet of paper.
• Origami for children. Simplified variations on a classical theme, designed to develop fine motor skills baby, logic, quick thinking.
• Modular approach. Products are created from many parts and pieces, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
• Kusudama. A type of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, every detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually this is a three-dimensional spherical object.
• Regular origami. A destination intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
• Development work. The most difficult type of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items you need to have a good understanding of complex drawings.
• Wet folding. For work, wet paper is used. Such figures do not have sharp bends, are soft and seem alive.

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Slide captions:

Basic origami shapes

Basic “square” shape Fold diagonally Fold again, valley fold

Basic shape “square” Bend the top corner “mountain” Flip it over

Basic shape “square” Fold “valley” Fold “mountain” to the left

Basic "square" shape Basic "square" shape

Basic shape “Double Square” Fold diagonally, turn Repeat on the other side, unfold

Basic shape “Double Square” Fold horizontally into a mountain, unfold Fold vertically, unfold

Basic “double square” shape Fold the sheet along the marked lines, the basic shape is ready. .

Basic “book” shape Fold the sheet in half Basic “book” shape

Basic “door” shape The middle line is outlined The side side is folded towards the middle

Basic door shape Turn clockwise, the basic shape is ready.

Basic "house" shape Mark the middle of the side Fold the side in half

Basic “house” shape The sides are folded towards the middle The top layers of paper are laid out to the side and flattened

Basic shape “door” Basic shape – “house”

Basic triangle shape Fold diagonally Basic triangle shape

Basic “pancake” shape Bend diagonally on both sides, straighten Each corner is folded towards the center of the sheet.

Basic pancake shape Basic pancake shape

Basic form " kite» Fold one side diagonally, unfold The sides of the square are folded to the diagonal line

Basic "kite" form Basic "kite" form

Basic bomb shape Fold in half Fold to the left, valley fold

Basic “bomb” shape One part of the left corner is pulled to the right, flattened Flip over

Basic bomb shape Valley fold Same on the other side

Basic bomb shape Basic bomb shape

Basic “fish” shape Fold diagonally, straighten The sides of the square are folded towards the diagonal, straighten

Basic “fish” shape Same thing from the opposite corner Bend along an unmarked diagonal

Basic fish shape Fold along the lines. Basic fish shape

Basic “catamaran” shape Mark the diagonals Mark the midpoints of the sides

Basic “catamaran” shape Bend each corner to the center, straighten the sides to the center

Basic “catamaran” shape “Valley” folds Each corner is extended from the inside

Basic shape "catamaran" Basic shape "catamaran"

Basic “frog” shape Basic “square” shape Mark lines on each side by turning left towards the center

Flatten the basic “frog” shape; place the upper sides towards the middle, the bottom fold into a “valley”

Basic “frog” shape Same on all sides

Basic bird shape Fold diagonally into valley fold

Basic shape “bird” Bend the top layer “mountain” Flip it over

Basic shape “bird” Fold “valley” to the right Fold “mountain” to the left

Basic “bird” shape All corners towards the center Fold over upper layer to myself

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Learning the art of origami must begin not only with individual elements of products, but also with the “origami school” - with basic forms. You should have a good knowledge of the basic basic shapes of products, which will allow you to understand the outlines and nature of the item being manufactured, and when creating your own products, choose the most suitable one. suitable option bases.

One important classical approach to origami design is the concept of a base. The base is a simple folded shape that can be developed into many different figures. The formal concept of a base in origami was not developed until the early 1900s; most traditional shapes were created based on one of eleven classical base shapes, and origami developers in the mid-1900s typically relied on the base as a starting point. We'll look at these 11 forms next.

The four basic forms come from Eastern culture - the basis paper kite, fish base, bird base and frog base. The basis of the catamaran has Western roots. The pancake base is simple enough to appear in both cultures. The water bomb base and double square were also used in both cultures. The latter are actually inverted versions of each other.

The folds made to create these shapes bisect corners and edges much more often than any other arbitrary method.

From basic shapes you can make many shapes, both flat and three-dimensional. Some basic forms are an intermediate step when performing more complex basics. For example, from the “square” base you can make the basic shapes “crane” and “frog”. Basic forms can also be used as stand-alone forms geometric figures when solving various geometric problems in primary school. Folding basic shapes helps children learn concepts such as triangle, square, trapezoid, rectangle; solve problems on topics: parallel lines, intersection of lines, division of a segment, division of an angle, area.

The name of the basic forms is the same in many countries, although these are purely conventional names and there may be variations

Triangle is one of the two simplest basic shapes. In order to fold it, you only need to make one fold - draw the diagonal of the square.

A book is the next simple basic form. As with folding a triangle, we only need to make one fold.

Door - the basic shape of a door comes from a book.

The kite is another fairly simple basic shape. It comes from a triangle.

Damn - The folds of this shape seem very simple, but in my opinion it is one of the most promising basic shapes. Please note that by folding the square, we again come to a square. This means we can put it into one of the basic shapes. These base shapes are called pancake base shapes.

Fish - The name speaks for itself. In front of you is a head, a tail and two fins. All that remains is to give them the desired shape.

Double triangle - Another name for double triangle is water bomb.

Double Square - If you turn a double square inside out, you get a double triangle.

House - the name was chosen based on appearance figurines.

Bird - A bird has wings, a head and a tail. This basic form also has them.

Catamaran - a pajarita is very easily made from this shape. And also a lot of kusudama.

Frog - from this shape you can make both a frog and a flower.

From the basic shape "Crane" you can create: a horse, a crane, a stork, an elephant, a cow, reindeer, monkey, crow, spaniel, sparrow, grasshopper, dragonfly, Buddha mask, standing crane, star...

From the basic "Hat" shape you can create: gorilla, sombrero, frog, sea turtle, flowers, bat, rocket...

From the basic shape “Camel” you can create: giraffe, camel, hare, kangaroo, squirrel, baby elephant, swan, carp, sheep, deer, Death mask, donkey, flowers...

From the basic "Pony" shape you can create: a jumping pony, a lantern, Japanese opera masks, hydrangea, photo frames, ornaments...

Naturally, a deer made from the basic “Crane” form will differ from a deer made from the basic “Camel” form, not only in the execution technique, but also in the capabilities of that basic form.

Basic forms also include modules, which serve as the basis for the production of not only geometric and architectural forms, but also the creation of figurines of animals, birds and flowers. The number of modules used to make a figurine can vary from four to several hundred. Basically, they are held together without the help of glue; for this purpose, the modules have various combinations of pockets and flaps.

The main requirement for modules is their complete identity. Even small deviations in dimensions often lead to the impossibility of assembling the product.

If you're addicted Japanese art paper folding, then it is useful for you to study basic shapes in origami. What is it for? The house stands firmly due to its strong foundation. Without it, it would be incredibly difficult to build the walls and roof. The entire structure would have collapsed within a couple of weeks of construction. Most likely, it would not have worked out at all.

Same thing in origami. Basic figures are the basis for any crafts. If you know how to make them, any scheme will not cause difficulties in execution.

Let's look at the most common forms on the foundation of which the art of origami is built:

• "Double triangle";
• "Double Square";
• "Envelope";
• "Fish".

How to make a Double Triangle

Take a square piece of paper. Mark diagonal, vertical and horizontal folds.

Straighten the square and place it in front of you.

Assemble a double triangle along the lines, moving the side corners inward one by one, as in the figure.

This base is necessary for assembling and other crafts.

Basic form "Double square origami"

Mark diagonal and median lines on a square piece of paper.

Place it in front of you in the shape of a diamond.

Take the side corners inward one by one to make it look like this.

The base is suitable for creating, voluminous and implementing other ideas.

"Envelope"

Mark the midlines of the sides intersecting in the center on the square.

Bring all four corners to the center so that they fit snugly together. Ready!

Basic shape "Origami Fish"

Place a square in front of you like a diamond. Fold the top sides towards the center.

Turn the sheet 180 degrees. Do the same. Straighten it out.

Fold along the lines an elongated diamond-shaped figure with “ears” pointing upward.

Four options are enough to master dozens of crafts using the origami technique. Put them into practice while traveling through the pages of the site!

Basic shape "Triangle"

Before folding, the square can be arranged with a “window”, when the bottom and top lines are horizontal (running from left to right), and the right and left lines are vertical (running from top to bottom).
The square can also be placed in a “diamond” shape so that one of the corners points down.

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape. Raise the bottom corner, aligning it with the top corner.

2. The resulting workpiece has the shape of an isosceles right triangle.
When folding the figures, the basic triangle shape can be positioned in different ways. The usual position is when the bottom side is the largest, that is, the base of an isosceles triangle. The triangle can also be positioned at a right angle downwards. This not entirely familiar position gave another name to this basic form - “kerchief”.

Basic form "Door"

1. Fold the square over, matching opposite sides.

2. Lower the sides to the fold line.

3. The basic shape is similar to elevator doors or double doors, so it is called "door" (preferred) or "cabinet".

Basic form "Kite"

1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape. Fold it diagonally.

2. Lower the top sides from the top of the top corner to the fold line.

3. The basic shape really does resemble a kite. But these days it has acquired another name - “ice cream”. Turn the base shape at a right angle upwards and you will see a “sugar tube”.

Basic form "Pancake"

1. Fold the square in half diagonally or twice like a book, marking the center of the square at the intersection of the fold lines.

2. Lower all corners one by one to the center of the square.

3. The basic pancake shape is square and does not look like a round pancake at all, but rather resembles an envelope (letter).

Basic form "Double House"

1. Place the square as a “window”. Fold the square in half, matching opposite sides.

2. Fold the rectangle in half, lining up the short sides.

3. Fold the side parts, lowering the short sides to the fold line.

4. Open and flatten the “pocket”.

5. Open and flatten the second “pocket”.

6. The basic form consists of two houses.

Basic shape "Double Square"

This basic shape has two visible square planes, a non-opening ("blind") corner formed in the center of the initial shape (square), and a opening corner located opposite the "blind" and formed by the corners of the square.

1. Fold the square in half twice, matching opposite sides. Turn it over.

2. Fold along diagonals.

3. Fold the side squares in, folding them in half and lowering the top part down away from you.

4. Basic “double square” shape.

Basic shape "Double Triangle"

"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape. Another name - "water bomb" - comes from the figure from this basic form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner was formed in the center of the original square.

1. Fold the square diagonally. Turn it over.

2. Fold in half, matching the top and bottom sides.

3. Press down on the center of the square. Bend the side triangles, folding them in half. In this case, the upper part of the square will bend to the other side.

4. Flip over the figure, swapping corners.

5. Basic “double triangle” shape.

Basic form "Catamaran"

1.Fold the basic “door” shape. Turn it over.

2. Bend the piece in half.

3. Fold the bottom over.

4. Open the “pockets” and flatten them, aligning the top sides with the sides raised from the middle and pulling the bottom corners out to the sides.

5. It turns out to be a boat. Turn it over.

6. Fold over, matching the bottom and top sides.

7. Open the “pockets” to create a second boat.

8. The basic form is in the form of a double boat - “catamaran”.

Basic shape "Fish"

1. Flip the basic kite shape

2. Bend, matching the top and bottom corners. Turn.

3. Pull the pocket corner up.

4. Extend the corner of the other “pocket”.

5. The resulting blank - a short version of the basic "fish" shape - turns into long version. Raise one bottom corner.

6. Turn over.

7. Basic fish shape.

Basic form "Bird"

1. Fold the sides from the opening corner to the fold line.

2. Bend the “blind” corner.

3. Unbend the corners.

4. Lift the bottom part up, grabbing one layer of paper and holding the blind corner.

5. In this case, the side parts will be in the center.

6. Half of the basic “bird” shape is ready. Turn it over.

7. Bend the blind and side corners.

8. Open the “pocket” by pulling the bottom part up.

9. The basic “bird” shape has a “blind” corner, two wing corners and two leg corners. The basic shape received this name because it can be folded various models birds.
The basic “bird” shape has two types: long (Fig. 9) and short. Short version It turns out if you lower the upper wing corners. You can arrive at the short version in another way.

10. Fold over the basic double square shape, bringing the sides down from the opening corner to the fold line. Bend the side parts inward.

11. Repeat on the other side.

12. A short version of the basic “bird” shape can easily be turned into a long one.

Basic form "Frog"

1. Fold the first square, lowering the upper sides from the “blind” corner to the fold line.

2. Open and flatten the “pocket” between the layers of paper

3. Flip.

4. Open another “pocket”. Flatten two more “pockets” using steps 1-4.

5. Fold the bottom sides over to the fold line.

6. Bending the side corners, pull the corner up from the middle of the side.

7. Repeat steps according to Figures 5-6 in each plane.

8. The basic “frog” shape has blind and opening corners and four elongated corners - one on each plane.