Infectious skin diseases in newborns. Skin diseases of newborns and baby skin care

Small transient changes in the skin, especially in the midst of a rash, often cause unfounded fears. Most relatively common skin diseases in newborns are benign, transient and do not require treatment.

Hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. Abundant rashes of small yellowish-white papules, which can often be seen on the forehead, nose, upper lip, cheeks in full-term newborns, represent hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands. These small papules gradually shrink and disappear during the first weeks of life.

Milium. These are superficial intraepidermal cysts containing layered keratin material. They are dense pearly white papules with a diameter of 1-2 mm. Miiums occur at any age. In newborns, they are scattered on the face, gums along the midline of the palate. (Milium of the last localization is called Epstein's pearls.) Milium in most cases desquamate spontaneously. Milium on scars and in places of skin trauma in older children is carefully opened and freed from the contents with a thin needle.

Bubbles from sucking. Single or multiple blisters are sometimes observed on the hands of newly born children; this is not, in the full sense, a skin disease of newborns. It is believed that they are formed as a result of vigorous sucking of the corresponding part of the hand in utero. These blisters, which quickly disappear without a trace, are usually located on the forearm, thumb and index finger. They should be distinguished from sucking pads (calluses) on the lips, which form in the first months of life and are caused by intracellular and hyperkeratosis. Their nature is confirmed by the participation of the corresponding parts of the lips in sucking.

Skin marbling. At low air temperatures, a transient bright pink or bluish vascular pattern appears on the skin of most of the body. It represents an enhanced physiological vasomotor response. It usually disappears with age, although sometimes marbling of the skin is noticeable even in children older than 1-2 years. The severity and persistence of skin marbling is characteristic of some hereditary diseases in newborns - Menkes syndrome (curly hair disease), familial autonomic dysfunction, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Down syndrome, trisomy 18. With cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, skin marbling is also observed, but it is persistent, segmental, may be accompanied by the absence of the dermis, atrophy and ulceration of the epithelium. By 1 year there is an improvement, the vascular pattern is reduced by half. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica is accompanied by microcephaly, micrognathia, cleft palate, dental dystrophy, glaucoma, short stature, and skull asymmetry.

Harlequin's symptom. This is a relatively rare skin disease in newborns, but attracts attention. It is observed in newborns, mainly in those born with low body weight, and reflects an imbalance in the mechanisms of autonomic regulation. When the child is placed on his side, his body becomes as if divided longitudinally strictly along the midline into two halves in color - the upper one is pale and the lower one is intensely pink. The phenomenon lasts only a few minutes and can only affect the face or part of the body. If the baby is turned over to the other side, the color will change to the opposite. When the child moves independently, the intense pink color spreads over the entire surface of the skin and the difference disappears. The Harlequin phenomenon can occur repeatedly, which does not at all indicate a persistent disorder of autonomic reflation.

"Salmon" spots (nevus of Unna). Small pink vascular spots, which are found on the back of the neck, eyelids, upper lip, and glabella in 30-40% of newborns, are considered one of the mildest skin diseases of newborns. They represent limited areas of vascular ectasia, more noticeable during screaming and changes in ambient temperature. After a few months, they turn pale and disappear completely on the face, but on the back of the neck and back of the head they can remain visible for a long time. Salmon spots on the face should not be confused with wine stains. Salmon spots are usually symmetrical, located on both eyelids or on either side of the midline. Port-wine stains are often large, asymmetrical, and located at one end along the midline.

"Mongolian" spots. They are areas of skin of a blue or bluish-gray color with borders of varying clarity. Most often, the symptoms of skin disease in newborns in this case are located in the sacrum area, sometimes on the back of the thighs or legs, on the back, or shoulders. They can be single or multiple and sometimes occupy a significant area. "Mongolian" spots are found in 80% infants African-American, Asian and Indian origin and less than 10% of whites. Their specific color is given by the accumulation in the dermis of melanin-containing melanocytes, apparently delayed in the process of migration from the neural crest to the epidermis. In most children, “Mongolian” spots fade during the first years of life, but sometimes persist for a long time. They do not undergo malignant degeneration. “Mongolian” spots, scattered over the entire surface of the skin, especially with an atypical location, are not prone to disappearing. “Mongolian” spots differ from bruises due to cruel treatment by their unique coloring and innate character.

Erythema toxicum. These are transient rashes that disappear without treatment, which are observed in 50% of full-term newborns; they occur less frequently in premature infants. The elements of the rash are dense yellowish-white papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a halo of erythema, sometimes only erythematous spots. They can be single or abundant, located in a limited area or over the entire surface of the skin, except for the palms and soles. The peak of this skin disease in newborns occurs on the 1st day of life. In the following days, the number of rashes does not increase significantly, although new elements are possible. Then the rash disappears. In premature infants, erythema toxica appears several days or even weeks later than in full-term infants. Pustules are located under the stratum corneum of the epidermis or in the thickness of the latter and are accumulations of eosinophils around the upper part of the hair follicle. Eosinophils can be seen in Wright-stained smears of the contents of pustules. The contents of the pustules are sterile, which is confirmed by culture.

The cause of this skin disorder in newborns is unknown. Its differential diagnosis includes pyoderma, candidiasis, herpes, transient pustular melanosis of the newborn and milia, from which elements of erythema toxicum are distinguished by a characteristic pattern of eosinophilic infiltration in the absence of bacteria in stained smears. Erythema toxicum rashes disappear quickly and do not require treatment. Eosinophilic infiltration is also observed with pigment incontinence and eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, but they differ in a different localization of the elements, histological picture and persistence of the rash.

Transient pustular melanosis of newborns. It is a transient, benign skin disorder of newborns, a dermatosis requiring no treatment, that occurs more frequently in African American children than in white children. It is characterized by three types of rash elements:

• quickly disappearing superficial pustules;
• opened pustules with a rim of tender scales, in place of which there remain spots with a hyperpigmented center;
• hyperpigmented spots.

Rashes with this skin disease in newborns are present at birth, scanty or abundant. Elements of one or all types are detected. Pustules are fresh elements of the rash, spots are late elements. The pustular phase of the rash rarely lasts more than 1-3 days, hyperpigmented spots last 3 months. The rashes are located mainly on the front surface of the neck, on the forehead, lower back, but can be on the scalp, torso, limbs, palms, and soles.

In the active phase of the rash, pustules filled with neutrophils, detritus, and single eosinophils form in the stratum corneum of the epidermis or under it. The spots show only increased pigmentation of epithelial cells. Smear and culture help distinguish transient pustular melanosis from erythema toxicum and pyoderma. The contents of the pustules are sterile and do not contain dense accumulations of eosinophils. Transient pustular melanosis does not require treatment.

Infantile acropustulosis. This skin disease of newborns usually begins at the age of 2-10 months, but sometimes its rashes are already present at birth. It is observed predominantly in African-American boys, but occurs in newborns of both sexes and any race. The cause is unknown.

Non-confluent erythematous papules initially appear. Over the course of a day, they turn into vesicles and papules, then dry out to form crusts and heal. The rash is very itchy. During their appearance, the child can be restless and capricious. The palms, soles, and lateral surfaces of the feet are mainly affected, where the rashes are very profuse. Less abundant rashes are located on the back of the feet and hands, ankles, wrists, and isolated pustules are located on other areas of the skin. Each episode of profuse pustule rash lasts 7-14 days. Then follows 2-4 weeks. remission, and then a new episode of rash. The cyclical course is observed for approximately 2 years. Persistent recovery is preceded by prolongation of remissions. Infantile acropustulosis is not accompanied by damage to other organs.

Wright-stained smears from pustules show a large number of neutrophils. Sometimes eosinophils predominate. Histological examination reveals clearly defined pustules under the stratum corneum of the epidermis, filled with neutrophils with or without an admixture of eosinophils.

The differential diagnosis of skin diseases in newborns includes transient pustular melanosis, erythema toxicum, milia, cutaneous candidiasis, and staphylococcal pustulosis. In children under 3 years of age who have left the neonatal period, one should also keep in mind scabies, which often appears in the anamnesis, dyshidrotic eczema, pustular psoriasis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, viral pemphigus of the oral cavity and extremities. In doubtful cases, a trial of anti-scabies treatment is justified.

Treatment of this skin disease in newborns is aimed at eliminating discomfort, in particular itching, which is relieved and calmed by topical corticosteroids and oral medications. Oral dapsone is also effective at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day in 2 doses, but it should be used with caution, as it can cause hemolytic and methemoglobinemia.

Here are the main manifestations that you may notice on your child’s skin.

Keratin is a type of protein that makes up the outer layer of skin, as well as human hair and nails.

Sometimes milia are present on the gums. They are very pronounced during the first few days of life and eventually go away without any treatment.

Baby's skin looks blotchy

The child has a rash

• Children may develop miliaria (heat rash) when they are dressed too warmly or when the weather is very hot. This is a red or pink rash usually found on areas of the body covered by clothing. It itches and causes discomfort to the child. Doctors call this rash miliaria.

To help the rash go away, remove your child from the hot place. Dress him in light, loose clothing and bathe him in warm, but not hot, water;

• Diaper rash, red and inflamed skin on the baby's buttocks or groin is caused by wearing a wet diaper for a long time. Urine and stool irritate the skin. The rash can occur when a baby sleeps for many hours without waking up. Sometimes the rash can be caused by an infection from bacteria or fungi. If an infant has a rash in the diaper area, take special care to keep the infant dry;
• Many children develop a rash around the mouth or on the chin. It is caused by saliva and regurgitation.

Clean your baby frequently, especially after eating or burping.

Your baby will sometimes develop tiny red dots on their skin

You may notice red spots on your newborn's skin. They are called petechiae.

This is blood that has leaked from the capillaries into the skin. This rash is caused by trauma as the baby passes through the birth canal. The dots will disappear within the first week or two.

Crusts on a child's scalp

Seborrheic dermatitis often occurs in children. Scaly or hard skin on your baby's head is a normal buildup of sticky skin oils, scales, and dead skin cells.

Sometimes a child's hair falls out when parents try to comb out the scales. Unlike some other rashes, seborrheic dermatitis can be treated at home using shampoo or mineral oil.

Seborrheic dermatitis usually goes away by the age of 1 year.

Birthmarks on the skin of a newborn

They come in different sizes, shapes and colors. Some are flat, while others form raised areas on the skin. Most of them are harmless and do not require treatment. The spots often fade or disappear as the child gets older.

• simple nevus- a pink or reddish patch of skin between the eyes, on the forehead or at the back of the head. People commonly call these spots "stork bite" or "angel's kiss." They are caused by dilated blood vessels, which give the skin a reddish tint. Most of these spots disappear within two years;
• vascular malformations are another common type of birthmark. They may look different depending on the type of blood vessels involved and where they appear on the body. The most common malformations are called "port wine stains" because they appear as dark red patches of skin;

When these spots are large and close to the eyes, the doctor should check the child to make sure the blood vessels in the brain and eyes are healthy. These birthmarks stay with the child for the rest of his life.

But if they occur in certain areas of the body, such as the face (especially around the eyes or lips) or the genital area, they can cause disfigurement or impair body functions. In these cases, treatment should be considered. Your doctor can tell you what options are available;

• melanocytic nevi. More commonly known as moles. They are formed from cells that produce pigment and are light or dark brown in color. Many children develop tiny moles from birth or in the first months of life. Some babies have many moles (large or small) all over their body and require medical monitoring. Moles do not disappear over time.

Jaundice in newborns

Many newborns have a yellow tint to the skin and sclera of the eyes. This is called jaundice. In newborns, jaundice usually disappears within a week and does not require treatment. But in rare cases, jaundice gets worse and can lead to brain damage.

That's why you should call your doctor if you notice signs that your jaundice is getting worse. If you notice that your child's skin or eyes have become yellower or that your child is lethargic and acting differently than usual, call the doctor.

Always call a doctor if there are any problems, signs of skin disease, or if your child is acting differently than usual.

These signs may include:

If you have questions about what lotions or other products to use on your baby's skin, talk to the doctor at your next visit. Not all newborn skin conditions need to be treated with lotions and creams.

Baby skin and nail care

Skin care

A child's skin is thinner and more vulnerable than that of an adult. Therefore, it is recommended to take care of it as carefully and delicately as possible.

Bath your baby gently with mild soap and warm water. You can use the same soap to wash your scalp.

Using the wrong shampoo can cause hair loss.

After bathing, apply a mild moisturizer all over your skin and a barrier cream under your diaper to prevent diaper rash.

There are no preferred brands for bathing or moisturizing your baby's skin. The most important thing is that the products used are mild and as flavorless as possible.

Babies play, eat, explore their bodies, and in the process may scratch themselves with their nails, even if they are very thin and tiny.

Keep your child's nails short and clean.

You can trim them with blunt scissors or baby nail clippers.

When cutting your nails, try not to touch the skin on your fingertips.

Since children's nails grow faster than adults', they need to be trimmed every two weeks.

Thus, some skin diseases in newborns do not require treatment and go away after some time. Other skin diseases require attention from parents, maintaining child hygiene, and ensuring a comfortable room temperature. In some cases, it is necessary to seek medical help.

For quotation: Suvorova K.N. SKIN DISEASES IN CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES // Breast cancer. 1996. No. 10. S. 1

Management of newborns and infants suffering from skin diseases requires precise decisions and prompt actions from the dermatovekerologist, the effectiveness of which largely depends on correct and timely diagnosis. Pediatric dermatovenerology has now turned out to be not only an extremely responsible, but also the most difficult area for dermatovenerologists. Despite the fact that doctors of various specialties take part in the treatment of children with skin pathologies, it is not possible to achieve satisfactory results in terms of reducing the level of the disease and increasing the effectiveness of treatment and preventive care. The number of diagnostic errors is especially high. Pediatric dermatology is closely related to the prevention of hereditary pathology, since the birth of a sick child prompts relatives to consult a doctor to determine the genetic prognosis. Increasing the level of professional nosological diagnostics is the initial and necessary condition for the development of therapeutic, preventive and medical genetic care. Offered short reviews on diagnostics, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of children suffering from skin and venereal diseases.

Management of newborns and infants suffering from skin diseases requires precise decisions and prompt actions from the dermatovekerologist, the effectiveness of which largely depends on correct and timely diagnosis. Pediatric dermatovenerology has now turned out to be not only an extremely responsible, but also the most difficult area for dermatovenerologists. Despite the fact that doctors of various specialties take part in the treatment of children with skin pathologies, it is not possible to achieve satisfactory results in terms of reducing the level of the disease and increasing the effectiveness of treatment and preventive care. The number of diagnostic errors is especially high. Pediatric dermatology is closely related to the prevention of hereditary pathology, since the birth of a sick child prompts relatives to consult a doctor to determine the genetic prognosis. Increasing the level of professional nosological diagnostics is the initial and necessary condition for the development of therapeutic, preventive and medical genetic care. Brief reviews are offered on the issues of diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of children suffering from skin and venereal diseases.

To cure neonates and babies who suffer from skin diseases requires that dermatovenerologist should take accurate decisions and make prompt actions whose effectiveness largely depends on correct and timely diagnosis. Pediatric dermatovenereology has proven to be not only a highly crucial but the most challenging area for dermatovenereologysts. Despite the fact that physicians of various disciplines participate in the treatment of infants with skin abnormalities, there are no saticfactory results in reducing incidence rates and enhancing therapeutical and preventive care.
There are a great deal of diagnostic errors. Pediatric dermatovenereology is closely associated with the prevention of hereditary pathology as the birth of an ill baby makes his relatives to visit a doctor to determine a genetic prognosis. To enhance the level of professional nosological diagnosis is a primary and essential condition for the development of therapeutical, prophylactic, and medical and genetic care.
Brief reviews on 1) diagnosis, 2) treatment, prevention, rehabilitation of infants, with skin and venereal diseases are proposed.

Department of Dermatovenereology (headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. K. N. Suvorova) of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.
Prof. K.N. Suvorova, MD, Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Training

Introduction

In children of the first year of life, various skin lesions are detected more often than in other age groups. The pathology of the skin during this period is distinguished by the pronounced specificity of the nosological profile and the unusualness of the clinical manifestations of dermatoses, which are also known in adults, but manifest differently. A dermatovenerologist should know about special skin conditions in newborns, specific approaches to the treatment of dermatoses, and the characteristics of the child’s body infancy, which determine his reaction to medications or contribute to the severity and chronicity of dermatoses and the development of complications typical for this age. In the first months of life, suddenly severe and acute dermatoses may occur, when an accurate diagnosis and urgent assistance are urgently needed, which can only be provided through the joint efforts of pediatricians and dermatologists. Secondary skin lesions may occur with congenital metabolic defects and other multiple organ syndromes with onset in infancy; a dermatologist, having an adequate understanding of such diseases, must promptly refer the child to a pediatrician and other specialist in accordance with his diagnostic assumptions. On the other hand, often the most common skin lesions are first discovered by a pediatrician who constantly monitors the child. In such cases, he should be able to suspect a skin disease and refer the child to a dermatologist.
The task of a pediatrician is to identify and treat internal diseases that contribute to the exacerbation or torpid course of dermatosis, and a dermatovenerologist is obliged to correctly diagnose skin and venereal diseases, no matter what age they occur, based on professional knowledge of the semiotics of dermatoses and sexually transmitted diseases, and the ability to use special methods of nosological recognition. Knowing the basic etiological and pathogenetic methods of treating dermatoses, a dermatovenerologist must determine the stages of therapy, use different options for special treatment with a variety of topical agents, and carry out rehabilitation. According to the professional and job requirements for a specialist, every dermatovenerologist should know pediatric dermatovenerology, since there is no separate specialty in this discipline. In practice, this section, especially skin pathologies in children of the first year of life, turns out to be the most difficult for a dermatovenerologist. Based on the experience of the Department of Dermatovenerology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and the children's department of the Moscow Clinical Dermatovenerological Hospital No. 14, we propose to discuss some issues related to this area.

Conclusion

Reliable nosological recognition of skin diseases in newborns and infants must be carried out as soon as possible. This opportunity is ensured by visual accessibility of the organ, subject to professional performance of clinical and morphological analysis of eruptive elements, correct assessment of age-dependent symptoms, specific differential diagnosis within the nosological profile of each age segment, knowledge of the age-related evolutionary dynamics of skin pathology.

Literature:

1 . F. Zverkova. Skin diseases of young children. Saint Petersburg. - Sothis. -1994 - 235 p.
2. K.N. Suvorova, A.A. Antonev, N.P. Kuznetsova, I.O. Malova. Skin and venereal diseases in children. .Irkutsk, - Irkutsk University Publishing House. -1995.
3. Yu.K. Skripkin, G.Ya. Sharapova. Skin and venereal diseases. - M.: - Medicine. -1972.
4. Yu.K. Skripkin, F.A. Zverkova, G.Ya. Sharapova, A.A. Studnitsyn. Guide to pediatric dermatovenerology. - A.; Medicine. - 1983.

Skin diseases They occur much more often in children than in adults. This is because children are more sensitive and susceptible to infections. Skin diseases in children are often allergic in nature. Treatment of the disease should begin only when the diagnosis is accurately established and confirmed.

Let's look at diseases that are more common than others.

Atopic dermatitis

is a chronic, genetically determined inflammatory disease skin.

The first and most important reason for the occurrence of the disease is genetic predisposition (relatives suffering from various allergies);

Important! Atopy is the tendency of a child’s body to develop allergies. You can read about allergy treatment.

1. Increased hyper-reactivity skin(increased sensitivity to external factors).
2. Disruption of the child's nervous system.
3. Using tobacco products in the presence of a baby.
4. Bad ecology.
5. Food contains a lot of dyes and flavor enhancers.
6. Dry skin.

Important! This type of dermatitis affects children under 12 years of age; at older ages it is extremely rare.

With atopic dermatitis, the child’s skin becomes dry, begins to peel, and a rash appears in spots, especially in certain places: on the face, neck, on the bends of the elbows and knees. This disease has a wave-like course, periods of remission (extinction of symptoms) are replaced by periods of exacerbation.

Diaper dermatitis

- this is an irritable and inflammatory process that occurs under the diaper, due to limited air flow to the skin of the perineum or prolonged moisture. This is a good environment for bacteria to multiply.

Important! Occurs in babies who wear diapers, regardless of age.

When using diapers and diapers, irritants are:

1. High humidity and temperature.
2. Prolonged contact of feces and urine with the skin.
3. Accelerated development of fungal infection.

Big role in in this case plays fungal infection. Scientists have proven that many children suffering from diaper dermatitis have a fungal infection, which is the causative agent of candidiasis.

Important! At the first manifestations of a rash, it should be remembered that the baby may be allergic to new soap, cream, or even new diapers, provided that there have been no hygiene violations.

Symptoms:

1. Children with diaper dermatitis experience severe inflammation of the skin in the perineum and buttocks.
2. Hyperemia of the skin, blisters or even small wounds may be detected.
3. Very severe inflammation is observed in the skin folds and between the buttocks.
4. In this case, the baby will be restless, whiny, and nervous.
5. He will pull his hands into the groin area and try to remove the diaper.

Hives

is a skin disease that is characterized by the appearance of itching, and after the appearance of blisters, the blisters at the beginning of the disease are single, later merge and form an inflamed area, which can cause an increase in temperature and disruption of the stomach and intestines.

Reasons that contribute to the appearance of skin diseases:

1. Hypersensitivity of the skin.
2. Foods that contain many allergens (citrus fruits, strawberries, chocolate, honey).
3. Medications.
4. Dust or pollen, animal hair.
5. Infectious and viral diseases.
6. Cold, heat, water, UV rays.
7. Insect bites.

Symptoms:

1. The first things to appear with hives are blisters and a red rash that causes itching and a desire to scratch (like a nettle burn).
2. The child scratches these blisters, causing them to coalesce.
3. Localized around the lips, on the cheeks, in the folds of the skin, on the eyelids.
4. The body temperature rises, sometimes nausea occurs and...

Prickly heat

- This is one of the forms of dermatitis that appears as a result of skin irritation due to increased sweating.

According to symptoms, prickly heat is divided into three types:

1. Crystalline prickly heat - newborn babies are more often affected by this type; the elements of the rash look like white blisters about 2 mm in size. The rash may coalesce and form large white areas; these blisters are easily damaged, resulting in areas that peel off. The rash is localized on the neck, face, and upper half of the body.
2. Miliaria rubra - with this type a rash appears in the form of nodules around which hyperemia appears along the periphery. This rash does not merge, itches and causes pain when touched.
3. Miliaria profunda - with this type, a rash appears in the form of beige or pale pink blisters. The rash can be located not only on the neck, face, but also on the legs and arms. This rash goes away as quickly as it appeared, leaving no traces or scars.

But this type most often affects adults who have suffered from prickly heat more than once, but there are exceptions when children suffer from it.

Important! If a child develops a rash on the skin, under no circumstances should it be smeared with cosmetic creams or ointments that you once used. Remember - the health of your child is only in your hands!

Causes of the disease:

1. Very thin and delicate skin.
2. Active blood supply, as a result of which the baby quickly overheats.
3. Poorly developed sweat ducts.
4. High skin saturation with water (92%).

Acne

Acne in children is a disease of newborns that manifests itself in small rashes white, which are localized on the baby’s chin and cheeks. They can appear in the first 6 months of a child’s life, this is due to hormonal changes that occur in the baby’s body.

Important! Also, this type of skin disease can manifest itself during adolescence.

1. Blockage of the ducts of the sebaceous glands.
2. Change hormonal levels child.
3. Excessive amounts of estrogen (female hormones) entering the body.

Symptoms: Acne appears as single papules, white or slightly yellowish.

Over time, they can turn into blackheads. Acne usually goes away quickly, within 14 days, after it subsides there are no scars or spots left on the skin.

But the situation can be complicated by acne infection. Signs of infection are swelling of the skin where acne is present and redness. In this case, you need to consult a doctor.

Boils

Boils in children are a skin disease caused by staphylococci. The presence of boils on the child’s body indicates serious disorders in the baby’s body.

The reasons for the appearance are divided into 2 types:

1. Mechanical effects (wearing clothes that are too tight and do not fit).
2. Failure to comply with hygiene rules (scratching the skin with dirty hands, rarely changing diapers, irregular bathing).

Internal:

1. Malnutrition of the child.
2. Diseases of the baby's endocrine and nervous systems.
3. Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency.

The boil has its own stage of development, which is determined by the symptoms:

1. First, a hard infiltrate appears with unclear boundaries, which gives pain.
2. Swelling forms along the periphery, around the boil, and the pain increases. After which the boil itself opens and the purulent contents and the core, which is formed from dead leukocytes and bacteria, come out of it.
3. After this, the ulcer on the skin heals, leaving behind a scar.

Important! A boil located on the head is especially dangerous; it can infect other areas of the skin.

Carbuncle

A carbuncle can also form - this is an inflammatory process of several boils united with each other.

In this case, the general condition of the child is disrupted:

1. The child's weight may decrease.
2. The temperature rises.
3. The skin turns pale.
4. Weakness.
5. Enlarged lymph nodes, near a nearby boil.

Making a timely and correct diagnosis is a direct path to success in treating your child’s skin disease, remember this!

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According to medical statistics, children are more susceptible to skin diseases than adults. And not only because they are less careful and, without hesitating for a minute, will take a stray puppy into their arms or enthusiastically begin to look for “treasures” in a heap of trash thrown away by someone.

There is a risk in this. But the main danger is that children are more susceptible to infections than their mothers and fathers.

They do not have such a “hardened” body, so many things in the world around them that are natural for an adult cause a painful reaction in them.

Doctors warn: treatment of skin diseases in children can only begin after the doctor has determined an accurate diagnosis. The symptoms of many diseases are similar, but the treatment required is different.

If you take the wrong path, you can waste time and make the problem worse. And yet, the more fully informed parents are about possible dangers, the higher the chances that they can be avoided.

Frequent infections

Erythema infectiosum At first it occurs like a classic cold. Then rashes appear on the face and body.

The disease spreads by airborne droplets; an infected person is especially dangerous to others in early stage disease until a rash appears.

Medicines (including painkillers) are prescribed by a doctor. The baby should drink more fluids and adhere to bed rest. Active games and physical activity are contraindicated.

Toxic (infectious) erythema. Advice for parents from the Union of Pediatricians of Russia:

Chicken pox reveals itself as a rash that causes itching and a constant desire to scratch the skin, so the infection spreads very quickly throughout the body.

Small wounds form at the site of redness. In later stages of the disease, the skin becomes covered with blisters, which open, dry out, and turn into scabs.

Coxsackie disease has a second name - “hand-foot-mouth”. First, sores appear in the mouth, then blisters and a rash (not causing itching) on ​​the arms and legs, and sometimes on the buttocks. Body temperature rises sharply.

The infection spreads through airborne droplets and through the diapers of a sick child. Doctors prescribe Acetaminophen to the patient, recommend drinking more fluids, and caring adults to wash their hands more often.

Disease of the palms, feet and mouth - Coxsackie enterovirus, advice to parents from Pediatrician Plus:

Experts explain its nature by problems of heredity and the baby’s weak immune system (by the way, 80 percent of cases are children under 7 years of age).

The treatment is long-term, since it is necessary not only to get rid of the external manifestations of dermatitis, but also to eliminate the threat of relapse.

This problem is common in young children, especially if parents dress them too warmly: the child sweats, and the body reacts to this with the appearance of a rash. They fight it with the help of talc and decoctions of medicinal herbs.

Problems due to changes in the nervous system

Diseases in this group include neurodermatitis(redness and thickening of skin areas, the formation of nodules on them - papules) and psoriasis(flaky areas of different sizes and shapes).

Both diseases are chronic and difficult to treat with medication.

They are often “family”, passed down from generation to generation, and their outbreak is provoked by any previous illness, stress, disruptions in immune system.

How to prevent

In the article, we indicated the names, gave a description and showed what common skin diseases in children - newborns, preschool and older children - look like in the photo, and briefly talked about the treatment of childhood diseases of a dermatological nature.

Many skin problems (whatever their nature) can be avoided if you teach your child hygiene from the earliest years of his life.

You also need to keep the entire house clean, avoid allergenic foods and stressful situations for children.

If a problem does arise, you need to take it seriously and seek help from a doctor as quickly as possible.

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