Three-phase gel nail extension system. Gel nail extensions at home. Instructions on which gel is better

Nowadays, you probably won’t surprise anyone with the word “gel polish,” since these products have become so popular that most women simply cannot imagine themselves without them. Indeed, they have a number of advantages that ordinary varnishes cannot compare to.

But you will probably be interested in learning about their types, features and application techniques, and also choosing the most optimal one for yourself, especially if you do a manicure at home.

Gel polishes are divided into three main groups - single-phase, two-phase and three-phase. Let's start with the last one.

Three-phase gel polishes

Advantages:

• Creates a more reliable nail shield
• Lasts at least 14 days
• Not afraid of scratches and does not chip
• These gel polishes are the most affordable on sale and, as a rule, have a rich palette

Flaws:

• Labor intensity
• You need to have experience working with them
• Expensive procedure

Two-phase gel polishes

2-phase gel-based nail coatings are probably the rarest and not very popular. As you already understand, the system consists of two means. As a rule, this is a color coating and a fixer. It is even rarer to find a colored coating and only a base. Their advantage is that they are less labor intensive than 3-phase ones, but they also have a little worse wear and tear. The only most famous and well-proven one is VinyLux from CND, which lasts 7 days. Although it should be more classified as ordinary varnish, since it does not require a UV lamp, and the composition is far from related to gel varnish.

Single-phase gel polishes

They are a new product on the market, which in such a short time managed to acquire millions of fans. Now, to create a bright and durable manicure, you only need one product and, in fact, a UV lamp. As part of a single-phase gel polish, all three formulas are already mixed - a base, a color coating and a protective layer. It would seem that everything is fine, but there are several nuances here. By mixing “everything in one pile,” each of these formulas loses some percentage of its effectiveness, so it is especially important to follow every detail specified in the technology of use. And it’s definitely not worth saving on 1-phase gel polishes, otherwise you will get a “disgrace” on your nails that will peel off or crack after the first hit on something hard or contact with hot water. One of the best single-phase systems was created by the KOTO company, which also fruitfully worked on the palette itself. To recognize , Pay attention to the color numbers on the jars - they are written in red. The palette consists of more than 80 shades, both glossy and with light pearl, shimmer or glitter. Its moderately thick and not very viscous consistency evenly covers the nail and guarantees an incomparable color that will definitely last about two weeks.

But, like every product, single-phase gel polishes have both advantages and nuances (they cannot be called disadvantages).

Advantages:

• Simple and easy to use
• Affordable
• The procedure takes about 7-10 minutes
• Almost as strong as three-phase gel polishes
• Ideal for beginners or experts for “express manicure”
• Convenient to use on the go
• In salons they are much relatively cheap

Nuances:

• Due to the lack of a leveling base, it is not suitable for uneven or damaged nails
• Requires high-quality preliminary “grinding” of nails
• Even if the nails are healthy and smooth, you need to treat them with a buff to remove glossy shine(for better adhesion to gel polish).
• The uneven consistency sometimes makes it difficult to apply gel polish, so it is often necessary to apply 2 or even 3 layers

Manicure lovers should be aware of such a nail coating as gel polish. This product is in many ways superior to gel or acrylic. What can be said about the last two types is that they look very stylish and also remain durable for a long time, but they are very damaging to the nail plate. Gel polish is a more gentle, but no less attractive-looking coating, which is why its popularity is increasing every day. Gel polish, regardless of its type, not only does not harm the nail, but also helps strengthen it and prevents delamination.

Types of varnishes

Today, two types of varnish coating are known: three-phase and single-phase. Knowing the technology for using each product, you can choose a convenient option for yourself. First of all, when choosing gel polish, you should be guided by two basic principles:

1. Availability of free time. To apply a three-phase coating, several products are used: base, color and finishing. Single-phase varnish, as the name suggests, is a complete product in one bottle. Therefore, using single-phase varnish, doing a manicure is easier and faster.
2. Financial side. It is not difficult to guess that when purchasing a three-phase varnish, you will spend more money, since you will have to purchase 3 bottles of different coatings at once instead of one.

Based on this, we can conclude that single-phase coating is superior to three-phase.

Advantages and disadvantages

However, it is too early to draw final conclusions, because both single-phase and three-phase coatings have both advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it matters how the nails are prepared for coating. Only proper preparation will provide the desired result.

Who is the manufacturer of the varnish you choose also plays a big role. There are many unscrupulous manufacturers who produce low-quality and sometimes even harmful varnishes. Therefore it is important to buy cosmetical tools, in particular nail polishes, only from trusted manufacturers, such as Masura, which are popular among professionals and amateurs.

Let's first talk about the advantages of single-phase coating:

• Ease of use. There is no need to understand the complex technology of applying three-phase coating.
• Polymerization in UV and LED lamps.
• Safety for nail plate and nearby tissues, due to the absence of many harmful chemicals (toluene, formaldehyde) contained in other types of coating.
• There is no need to purchase a product to remove the sticky layer, since a sticky layer does not form in a single-phase coating.
• There is no external difference from a complex three-phase coating.

All the advantages described above make single-phase varnish an ideal option for both beginners and professionals in the field of manicure services. But, like any product, single-phase coating also has its drawbacks.

Firstly, in terms of stability, a three-phase coating, whatever one may say, will be superior to a single-phase one, due to the use of a base and a finish. These two layers ensure tight bonding of all components of the coating to the nail plate. Therefore, three-phase coating will find its adherents among those who do not like to frequently renew their manicure. Although, it must be said that, if desired, you can always extend the stability of single-phase gel polish using a finishing layer developed specifically for it.

The second disadvantage of single-phase varnish is the inability to give free rein to your imagination. Due to the lack of a sticky layer, it will be quite difficult to decorate the nail, which is so popular today. Here, perhaps, is all the information about the differences between three-phase and single-phase varnishes, knowing which you can easily decide on the choice of nail coating that is suitable for you.

How to distinguish single phase gel three-phase varnish?

Decorative gel manicure with the properties of regular varnish and modeling gel. A wide range of colors makes it possible to mix gel polishes of different tones with each other, obtaining new shades.

Durable according to application method varnish coating divided into single-phase and three-phase gel polish, which polymerizes under the action of UV waves emanating from a certain type of lamp. If the technological process is followed, the gel layer forms a stable and dense surface that lasts on the nail plates for 10 to 20 days.

What does single-phase and three-phase gel polish mean?

When choosing a product for nail design at home, many girls cannot decide what is better - single-phase or three-phase gel polish?

General characteristics of the product:

• single-phase system with a combined structure consisting of a coloring pigment, base and topcoat. The product has a liquid consistency and provides good adhesion to the natural plate;

Important! The term “single-phase” does not mean applying one layer. The density and saturation of the color will determine how many layers of varnish need to be applied to the nail.

• The three-phase system is available in three separate containers. Each bottle is intended for a strictly defined function: base - the operating principle is like that of double-sided tape, which firmly bonds the color coating to the nail plate; color coating; a transparent top with a matte or glossy structure is designed to firmly secure the manicure.

What is the difference between three-phase gel polish and single-phase gel polish?

Three-phase gel polishes differ from single-phase ones in that each layer has its own product for the correct manicure procedure. A professional complex for nail design has a complex technological process that requires certain skills, time, required quantity consumable materials and the availability of special tools.

A coating that combines three components of a three-phase system in one bottle is alternative option multi-stage application, significantly saving time and simplifying the process of nail modeling. This is the only difference between single-phase gel polish and three-phase gel polish. Thus, painting the nail plate in several layers is necessary only to obtain the desired color saturation.

Multiphase or single-phase gel polish: pros and cons, which is better?

Undoubtedly salon procedure manicure, which includes all three phases of applying gel polish, is the right way, since each applied layer performs a specific function. If there is a need to carry out a manicure procedure at home, then single-phase gel polishes will help to cope with this problem and get the expected effect from their use.

Pros and cons of single-phase gel:

Pros and cons of multiphase gel:

Can single-phase gel polish be used as three-phase?

Preliminary removal of the rough part of the cuticle and correction of the shape of the nail plate – required condition for applying single-phase gel polish or three-phase coating.

Important! To firmly bond any type of gel polish to the nail plate, it is important to degrease the surface of the nail with a special product before painting.

Using the 3 in 1 system, you can create a beautiful and bright manicure, but this varnish will not last on your nails for more than 10 days. Therefore, if there are doubts that a single-phase gel will not provide a strong connection with the nail plate or will begin to delaminate, the express coating is used as a colored layer of a three-phase system according to all the rules for its application.

When choosing a product to create a nail design, you need to pay attention to Special attention to the product manufacturer. High-quality material should not have a strong odor and low cost.

Single-phase gel polishes are purchased mainly for coloring depleted nails, but it is important to remember that the final result may differ from the expected effect, as it will have a moderate glossy shine.

Photo of nail polish coating

Initially, gel polish appeared in a three-phase system: base, color layer and top. Then a single-phase gel polish was released, which combined all the mentioned products. In addition to saving time on decorative coating, this type of gel interested the craftsmen and the cost of the bottle. Although many companies producing varnishes have now released single-phase gel polish, not all artists and clients leave positive reviews. Let's take a closer look at three well-known brands that nail experts work with. But first, a little about the composition of a single-phase system.

How do single-phase gel polishes differ from three-phase ones?

In a three-phase system, the first layer is called the base. It is responsible for adhesion to the nail plate and protection of the nail from the harmful effects of subsequent layers. After polymerization, the material becomes flexible, since a natural nail is a non-static tissue. It expands with high humidity, the nail plate constantly grows, and with sudden movements it even bends noticeably. All this requires great plasticity of the base layer. In addition, if it is a gel polish, that is, a soluble coating, it is the base layer that will contain the varnish component. This will facilitate easy removal of the material in the future.

The second phase is colored gel polish. The composition contains substances that prevent fading and delamination. In low-quality materials, pastel colors may show light streaks or a whitish tint after a short time.

The third and final layer is the top coat. This layer is hard, glossy, and contains components that maintain transparency. It is not intended for application to the natural nail plate, as it contains aggressive substances. This may be harmful to your nails. If you need to make a transparent coating, use the base first, and then the top.

Single-phase gel polish, reviews of which will be discussed separately, combines all three components of a three-phase system. Of course, the varnish component may not be present in the same quantity as the base. This gel polish will not be flexible due to the inclusion of top components, so it will more often break off from the tips of the free edge of the nail.

Features of single-phase gel polish

The palette of almost every line of gels contains single-phase materials. Many people use single-phase gel polish. Reviews from craftsmen indicate that this is a good way to replace regular varnish or gel in certain cases, for example, when coating in a pedicure, since in this case it does not matter at all whether it is flexible or not. Even regular polishes stick well to your feet, but the advantage of gel polish is that you don’t need to dry it. Putting shoes on immediately after a pedicure is very valuable for clients.

Some artists offer extensions with single-phase gel polish. Reviews about this use of varnish are excellent. The hard coating of extended nails prevents them from making micro-movements; they are completely protected from external influences (for example, from changes in humidity). Under such conditions, using a three-phase system for decorative coating is just a waste of time and money.

Some designs, as salon workers note, require single-phase gel polish. Due to the absence of a dispersion layer, it is used as a substrate for other materials. For example, this is how imitation of coinage is performed.

But, as a rule, all experts agree that the classic three-phase system cannot be replaced with single-phase ones in the salon. For manicure, especially if the client has flexible, soft, weak nails, they don't fit.

Single-phase gel polish: reviews from amateurs

To have a good understanding of the materials, you need to constantly replenish your knowledge base. This is what those masters do who attend professional exhibitions, follow the latest news in the nail industry, and test new products. This cannot be said about amateurs who only occasionally do manicures at home on their own.

Now you can buy a set of gel polishes along with a curing lamp for a symbolic price on any major online trading platform. According to reviews, the coating made with such materials does not differ in appearance from that made in the salon. They note that with sufficient preparation, single-phase gel polish can be applied smoothly and accurately. Reviews about cosmetic product in most cases positive.

Difficulties encountered when working with such materials: poor removal, loss of shine, chips at the tips of the nails. Occasionally, buyers complain about the difference in the color of gel polish, i.e. On the nails after polymerization a different shade is obtained.

Gel polish brand TNL

In specialized nail stores you can buy Korean single-phase gel polish TNL. Reviews about it are different, but they have one thing in common - an attractive price. For the reasons already described above, this gel polish is suitable for pedicures or healthy and strong natural nails. The advantage of it is that it soaks well special liquid for removing gel polishes, can be removed with an orange stick, does not require the use of a cutter. True, it is better to break the integrity of the glossy layer with a file in order to reduce the time of the removal procedure. The technique requires the use of a primer before applying the first layer. According to reviews, sometimes the TNL primer is not enough to provide good coverage. In this case, some use an acid primer.

Another feature of TNL is the appearance of bubbles and swelling due to incomplete drying of the thick layer. Therefore, all layers of coating (two for light and three for dark shades) should be applied in a thin layer and polymerized correctly: in a UV lamp - two minutes, in an ICE lamp - one minute. And, of course, seal the end.

Some, due to its affordable cost, simply use it instead of the second phase in a three-phase line of other varnishes. In this case, experts advise removing the stickiness from the base before applying color.

YOKO gel polish brand

The young Russian brand YOKO positions its products as salon products, following latest trends nail fashion. Nail service schools under this name are opening everywhere; specialists from the manufacturer attend training seminars, including teaching how to apply YOKO single-phase gel polish. Consumer reviews about this product are positive. Separately, they note that the bottle costs a little less than the Korean TNL. On good nails It holds tightly, but on weak ones it quickly breaks off from the ends.

Application requires the use of a primer. Unlike TNL, the polymerization time in an LED amp is only 30 seconds. The product has a slight sticky layer.

Gel polish brand IRISK

IRISK is a single-phase gel polish, there are different reviews about it. According to some craftsmen, this mark can only be removed with the IRISK remover; others prefer to cut the material with a milling cutter. Many people note that after polymerization bright hues become a little lighter than the original one. For better drying, it polymerizes in a UV lamp for three minutes instead of the stated two. Requires the use of a primer.

Negative reviews are associated with the adhesion of the material, due to which it does not adhere well to problem nails.

Drawing conclusions

The most advantageous option among the brands considered is TNL. Its distribution and popularization in Russia is carried out in Kazan. At professional exhibitions, distributors introduce nail artists to their products. The price of products of this brand is attractive. For this generation of gel polishes, the price/quality ratio is the most optimal.

Beautiful, well-groomed hands always attract attention and can even hide some other flaws in appearance. The main thing is to have perfect manicure, and in our time this is no longer just a tribute to fashion, but a daily need for many women. It is possible to get beautiful, strong, long nails - a master who uses a special gel for nail extension will help with this, so in this article we will talk about the types of such products and the most popular inexpensive materials different companies.

What is gel for nail extensions

The history of the creation of special polymer products for nail extensions goes back to the dental practice of the twentieth century. The fact is that first acrylic, and then UV gel to strengthen natural and modeling artificial nails were created by a dentist based on materials for filling teeth. These two main substances used for artificial manicure are very similar in chemical composition, therefore, the technology of gel extensions is almost no different from acrylic technology.

Recently, most manicurists working in professional salons or at home prefer to use exclusively UV gels for extensions, because they have significant advantages compared to acrylic:

• the composition of gel bases is as close as possible to the composition of natural nails;
• after drying in a special lamp, gel nails acquire perfect shape, high strength, smooth surface and natural shine;
• Gel bases usually contain natural resins that help strengthen brittle nails;
• is a breathable material and does not contain harmful acids, therefore it does not cause great harm even when wearing artificial manicure for a long time;
• most modern gel bases are self-leveling, without a strong odor and do not require removal of the sticky layer, so working with them is easier, faster and more pleasant;
• modern technology gel extensions minimize harm special means for the nail plate and cuticle, and drying in a lamp helps to avoid the proliferation of fungus or other pathogens that often live on nails;
• The range of products for gel extensions is very wide: in addition to the usual transparent ones, manufacturers offer camouflage gels in natural beige and pink shades, stained glass and colored.

Single phase

This gel base belongs to the “three in one” category, because the product combines three layers necessary for the correct extension technology. All ingredients are mixed in one jar: base, modeling and protective. This material is ideal for beginner nail technicians. However, single-phase extension gel has a liquid consistency, so not all beginners will be able to immediately make friends with it.

Two-phase

A two-phase extension system involves the use of a pair of products of different consistency and purpose, applied separately. The base coat has a low viscosity because it acts as a primer. The second phase of the system is intended for the architecture of the nail - the sculptural layer. It has a higher viscosity and has a dense, thick consistency, so it makes the nail modeling procedure a little easier than when using a single-phase option.

Three-phase

This system differs from the previous one by the presence of a third layer. In addition to the base and modeling composition, the kit includes protective agent, which allows you to create a finishing coating to minimize the influence of adverse environmental factors on artificial nails and extend their wearing life. The three-phase gel system is considered the best for modeling, therefore it is used by most professional craftsmen.

Rating of gels for nail extensions

If you need materials for extensions, there are only a few options for where to buy nail gel. Firstly, you can purchase it in a specialized store or professional salon, but this method is only suitable for residents of large cities. It is easier for masters from the provinces to order nail gel in one of the online stores in Moscow or St. Petersburg that sell materials for nail art. Such sites often offer lucrative promotions and discounts and promise free delivery by mail.

Formula Profi

One of the most famous manufacturers of gel materials for nail art is the Russian company Formula Profi. It only works on a three-phase system:

• model name: Gel base Formula Pro;
• price: 590 rubles;
• characteristics: 10 ml, odorless, liquid, neutral pH level, hardens in 90 seconds with a UV lamp, in 30-60 seconds in an LED lamp, depending on the drying power;
• pros: provides good adhesion of the gel base to the nail plate, odorless;
• cons: none.

In the catalog of this manufacturer there are three types of the second, main phase for nail extension using tips. They differ in shade, but they are all equally in demand among craftsmen:

• model name: Crystal Formula Profi Construction Gel transparent;
• price: 970 rubles;
• characteristics: 15 grams, thick and viscous, low temperature, polymerization time in a UV lamp 3-4 minutes;
• pros: easy to use, you can create the most different designs manicure;
• cons: expensive.

In the Formula Profi system, a special topcoat is used to fix the construction gel:

• model name: Top gel Formula Pro without sticky layer;
• price: 720 rubles;
• characteristics: 10 ml, odorless, liquid, hardens in a lamp in 2 minutes;
• pros: gives a beautiful shine, resistant to household chemicals, hides imperfections of the coating, does not require removal of the sticky layer;
• cons: high cost.

All season nail extension gel

Among the products of a famous American brand for gel nail modeling, it is worth highlighting one unusual product:

• model name: Hologram modeling UV gel Shimmer Gel from All Season;
• price: 1210 rubles;
• characteristics: 28 grams, transparent with small silver glitter, can be used as a second or third phase, dries in 120 seconds;
• pros: original, beautiful, multifunctional;
• cons: expensive.

French manicure suits different clothes and always remains in trend, so many girls prefer to wear it every day:

• model name: Toning pink UV gel for French coat All Season Pinker Pink;
• price: 1148 rubles;
• characteristics: second phase, 28 grams, translucent, caramel, medium viscosity, polymerization time 3 minutes;
• pros: easy to apply, quickly leveled, does not form bubbles;
• cons: none.

IBD

The well-known American company IBD offers a whole line of various materials for gel nail modeling. For example, a harmless primer that does not contain acids:

• model name: Acid-free gel primer IBD Bonder Gel;
• price: 800 rubles;
• characteristics: 14 ml, odorless, liquid, self-leveling, hardens in a lamp in 1 minute;
• pros: does not affect the structure of the nail plate, provides good adhesion, does not turn yellow over time;
• Cons: Suitable for professional use only.

As a basis for different types of manicure, you can use the transparent building UV gel from this company:

• model name: IBD UV Builder Gel Clear;
• price: 650 rubles;
• characteristics: 14 grams, odorless, self-leveling, medium viscosity, polymerization time in a UV lamp 30 seconds;
• pros: multifunctional, relatively cheap;
• cons: can only be dried under ultraviolet light.

The price of a gel for nail extensions is determined not only by its composition and company name, but also by the volume offered in a particular version. Large packages are cheaper, but are suitable only for masters who are constantly engaged in gel modeling of nail plates:

• model name: IBD UV French X-treme Builder Gel White;
• price: 1650 rubles;
• characteristics: 56 grams, odorless, thick, white, drying time in a UV lamp is 4 minutes;
• pros: economical packaging, lays flat, does not spread;
• cons: takes a long time to dry, only for professional use.

Runail

Another well-known Russian company that produces materials for gel nail art brings good products to the market at affordable prices. They have ready-made kits that are in demand among beginning craftsmen:

• model name: Basic set for nail extensions with gel “Standard” from ruNail;
• price: 2499 rubles;
• characteristics: the set includes: UV lamp, three-phase extension system, acid-free primer, straight brush, degreasing and sticky remover, nail polish remover, nail file, sander, orange sticks, lint-free wipes, foil tape, cuticle oil;
• pros: cheaper than buying everything separately;
• Cons: For professional use only.

The product catalog presents different systems coatings – single-phase and three-phase, as well as colored and camouflage:

• model name: UV gel camouflage pink ruNail;
• price: 360 rubles;
• characteristics: 15 grams, medium viscosity, self-leveling, polymerization time 3 minutes;
• pros: blends in natural color, masks small defects;
• cons: dries only in a UV lamp, not very durable.

As for color products, the manufacturer offers a large palette of the most different shades, and their prices are very affordable:

• Model name: UV gel color translucent orange;
• price: 205 rubles;
• characteristics: 7.5 grams, high viscosity, orange color, dries in 60-180 seconds depending on the amount of product applied;
• pros: beautiful rich shade, colors can be mixed, inexpensive;
• cons: small volume.

Single-phase gel Jessnail

The world-famous cosmetics company JessNail offers only single-phase systems for gel coating of nails. Their simplest option is this:

• model name: single-phase gel profBar-Clear from JessNail;
• price: 202 rubles;
• characteristics: 15 grams, liquid consistency, dries in about two minutes;
• pros: cheap, one product replaces several bottles, suitable for beginners;
• cons: unreliable, can cause irritation.

The question of how much JessNail nail extension gel costs can be answered succinctly - very cheap compared to other manufacturers. For example, a natural single-phase system according to the catalog costs even less than 100 rubles:

• model name: JessNail single-phase natural gel;
• price: 90 rubles;
• characteristics: 15 grams, self-leveling, natural, pleasant shade, dries in 3 minutes;
• pros: very cheap, hides defects of the nail plate well;
• Cons: takes a long time to dry, there is a slight chemical smell.

In the catalog of this manufacturer there are several options for colored gel bases for French and other designs:

• model name: Single-phase gel soft pink Candy Rose from JessNail;
• price: 251 rubles;
• characteristics: 15 ml, self-leveling, above medium viscosity, ideal for french manicure;
• pros: inexpensive, pleasant natural color, hides minor defects;
• cons: none.

Global

Gel bases for nail extensions High Quality produces another American brand called “Global”. They have both single-phase and three-phase systems for expansion:

• model name: Global Fashuon Clear Single-Phase UV Gel transparent;
• price: 799 rubles;
• characteristics: 30 grams, colorless, liquid consistency;
• advantages: does not cause allergies, easy to work, easy to file;
• cons: relatively high cost.

Professional craftsmen will find stained glass UV products of different shades useful in their work. Global sells them both individually and as a set:

• model name: Global stained glass gel set, 12 pieces;
• price: 1499 rubles;
• characteristics: 12 small jars with products of different colors;
• pros: beautiful, unusual, you can create different designs;
• cons: expensive.

How to choose gel for nail extensions

If you want to make even, smooth, beautiful nails, be sure to use only high-quality materials in your work. To ensure that your purchase is successful and you don’t have to listen to clients’ complaints about your work, you should consider a few things before purchasing important points:

1. Initially, decide which system will be convenient for you to work with - one, two or three phase. If you are just practicing extensions, take a complex single-phase UV gel. If you are already working at a professional level, try good three-phase systems.
2. Pay attention to which lamp and at what power the product you choose hardens. Choose better materials, which dry quickly in a UV lamp - it is easier and easier to work with these, they are usually odorless.
3. Check what viscosity the composition you are going to buy has. Very thick materials will be difficult to work with, and liquid ones can constantly flow down the surface of the nail plate, complicating the modeling process.
4. When purchasing products for gel nail art, choose certified products from trusted manufacturers. When ordering UV gel online, ask the seller whether he guarantees the quality of the product he sells, discuss in advance the possibility of a return or exchange if the quality of the product received is unsatisfactory.
5. If you buy phases for extension separately, and not in ready set, take materials from the same manufacturer, because they are designed for joint use and will combine better than products from different companies.
6. Please note that one jar lasts a long time, so before purchasing, pay attention to the date of its production and maximum term storage Don't buy something that's only good for a couple of months, because most of it will just have to be thrown away. This is especially true for those who like to buy cosmetics at sales, where stale products are often sold.

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