I quote Dervish:

Regarding the Mongol-Tatars: all six pillar tribes of the Mongols who raised Genghis Khan on the white felt are the main Kazakh tribes and are completely absent from the Khalkha Mongols:
Naiman, kerey (t), konyrat (kongirat), merkit, kiyat, barzhigit, etc.
All written decrees were given in the Turkic languages ​​of Ude during his first foreign campaigns against China. Therefore, the speculation that it was then that the victors, the Mongols?! Turkified, does not stand up to any criticism, since the campaign in Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan began only after that. All the names of Genghis Khan’s relatives are Turkic and no one will argue with this, except perhaps a completely stupid person......
Modern Mongols do not have the status of khan, gurkhan, burkhan, atalyk, etc. They do not have the dynasty line of Genghis Khan and persecuted all the Genghisids, who remained only with the Kazakhs

I look, and here the Kazakhs started a fight.
The man under the nickname “Dervish” is another Kazakh pseudo-historian, whose posts should under no circumstances be taken seriously. Everything there is complete nonsense, designed for people who are far from eastern history.
I’ll start the refutations in order:

1. Only in the “Secret History of the Mongols” (the most important primary source on the history of the Mongols) can you learn about the events and vicissitudes of that time in the Mongolian steppe. Temujin was elected All-Mongol Khan and named Genghis Khan in 1206 at the All-Mongol Kurultai. The Secret History does not indicate the tribes present at all. The kurultai simply gathered, erected a nine-bunched white banner and named him Genghis Khan. And the fact that Genghis Khan was raised on a white felt mat is also not the case.
The Naimans, Kereits, and Merkits were defeated by Genghis Khan and therefore they could not take part in the kurultai. These are conquered tribes.
Kiyat, Kungirat are purely Mongolian tribes. This can be learned from another important primary source, “Collection of Chronicles” by Rashid ad-din, written at the beginning of the 14th century. All Mongolian and Turkic tribes are listed there. The Naimans and Kereits (together with the Kipchaks, Karluks, Kirghiz, Uighurs...) fell into the division of tribes, not respected by the Mongols because the Mongols conquered them.
There is no such tribe as “Barzhigit”, but there is “Borjigin” (gray-eyed - Mong.). This is the family of Genghis Khan, purely Mongolian.

2. All decrees in the Mongol Empire were given in the Mongolian language using the Uyghur script (alphabet). Even the Golden Horde paitsa are written in Mongolian in Uyghur letters. Google: old Mongolian letter, paiza.

3. All the names of Genghis Khan’s relatives are Mongolian: Jochi, Chaadai, Ogedei, Tolui, Daritai, Batu, Hoelun, Borte... Read the Secret Legend: there are a lot of Mongolian names there.

4. The fact that the Mongols borrowed the title “khan, khan” from the Turks does not mean anything. These are two neighboring and even related peoples. Their current languages ​​have up to 25% lexical overlap and a common agglutinative grammar. The Mongols adopted this title from the Turks under the influence of the former Turkic Khaganate, which existed in Mongolia in the 6th - 8th centuries. even before the Mongols.

5. True Tatars are Mongol-speaking. They belong to the Mongolian tribes. And the Mongols killed many of them back in Mongolia. Then this ethnonym spread to the conquered Kipchaks of the Golden Horde. And from them to the rest of the Turkic-speaking peoples of the Horde.

6. Mongols in the 13th century. conquered all the Turkic peoples and established their ruling Mongol dynasty of the Chingizids for several centuries. Among the Kazakhs, she ruled for 6 centuries until the mid-19th century. and was abolished by the “Charter on the Siberian Kirghiz” (1822), and the “Charter on the Orenburg Kirghiz” (1824). In St. Zhuz - after joining Russia in 1847.

7. This is what the traveler Marco Polo writes in his “Book” about the Mongols, Kipchaks (Komans), Batu (Sain) in the Golden Horde (spelling preserved):
Chapter SSXX
The kings of the Western Tatars are described here
The first king of the Western Tatars was Sain; He was a strong and powerful king. This king Sain conquered Russia, Komania, Alania, Lak, Mengiar, Zich, Guchia and Khazaria, all these regions were conquered by king Sain. And before he conquered them, they all belonged to the Comans, but they were not friendly with each other and did not form one kingdom, and therefore the Comans lost their lands and were dispersed around the world; and those who remained in place were in slavery to this king Sain. After King Sain, Patu reigned, after Patu, Berka reigned, after Berka, King Mongletemur reigned, after him, King Totamongur, and then Toktai, who now reigns.

Marco Polo mistakenly distinguishes Sain from Batu, who received the nickname Sain Khan (good khan) from the Mongols.
Marco Polo (like all Europeans of that time) called the Mongols Tatars.

In the Golden Horde, the Komans - Kipchaks (proto-Kazakhs) were in SLAVERY to the ruling Mongols.

8. In the Western Campaign of 1236, the Mongols, led by Batu, actively used captured Kipchak Komans as hashar (human shields during the siege of fortresses).
History has preserved for us a valuable description of the Mongol troops in Hungary by an eyewitness - a learned archdeacon from Split: “Those people are small in stature, but their chests are wide. Their appearance is terrible: their face is beardless and flat, their nose is blunt, and their small eyes are far apart from each other. Their clothing, impenetrable to cold and moisture, is made of two skins folded together (with the wool facing out), so that it looks like scales; helmets made of leather or iron. Their weapons are a curved saber, quivers, a bow and an arrow with a sharp tip made of iron or bone, which is 4 fingers longer than ours. On their black or white banners they have (bunchuk) tufts of horse hair. Their horses, which they ride without a saddle, are small but strong, accustomed to intense marches and hunger; the horses, although not shod, climb and gallop through the caves like wild goats, and after three days of intense racing they are content with a short rest and little food. And people do not care much about their food, as if they live from the very severity of their upbringing: they do not eat bread, their food is meat, and their drink is mare’s milk (kumis) and blood. They take many prisoners with them, especially many armed Cumans (Polovtsians), drive them ahead of them into battle and kill them as soon as they see that they are not going blindly into battle. The Mongols themselves are reluctant to go into battle. If one of them is killed, he is immediately buried without a coffin.

The Cumans, also known as the Polovtsians, are proto-Kazakhs.

The beauty of Caucasian girls does not go unnoticed. Mysterious, charming and charming shy women always attract the eye. And their calmness and prudence simply conquer hearts. They say that the most beautiful girls in the Caucasus are Chechens, this is exactly what we will check now!

Third place - Milana Bakhaeva

We give third place to the beautiful Milana Bakhaeva, a Chechen journalist and author of books. Milana was born in 1979 in the small village of Orekhovo. Her family fled to Grozny during the first and during the second - to Ingushetia. After the war, Milana entered university and was among those sent to Paris under the Education Without Borders program.

Milana wrote a book telling about the horrors of the war she experienced. The book was published on French"Dancing on the ruins. Chechen youth." Currently working on a second book, in which he wants to tell about life Chechen women.

In addition, Bakhaeva speaks four languages: English, French, Chechen and Russian. She reads Arabic and is interested in Russian literature. Among her other interests, her love for painting stands out. Milana conducts human rights activities and protects the residents of Chechnya from lawlessness.

Milana is not just the most beautiful Chechen in the world - she is also a strong personality who survived the horrors of war. She was able to tell all of Europe about this, and what’s more, the whole world.

Second place - Zamira Dzhabrailova

Second place rightfully goes to Zamira Dzhabrailova. Zamira is the winner of the beauty contests “Beauty of Chechnya - 2006” and “Beauty of the North Caucasus - 2006”. Zamira was born in Volgograd, then her family moved to Chechnya. Her father, a policeman, was killed on a mission. Despite the fact that the most beautiful Chechen girls from 15 to 25 could participate in the competition, when they saw Zamira, the judges made an exception. In the competition, the girl won a Toyota car and a trip to France. The beauty refused the car, saying that she would give it to the pupils orphanage and a boarding school for orphans.

Another victory for Zamira was that after the “Beauty of Russia” competition, held in Moscow, Zamira received a grant for higher education at one of the best universities in Russia.

Zamira sold the car for 20 thousand dollars. 18 were transferred to the account of a social shelter and 2 thousand were given to a student at a boarding school.

Zamira is not just a beauty, but also one of the kindest and most well-mannered girls in Chechnya.

First place - Makka Sagaipova

Makka Sagaipova takes first place in our “The Most Beautiful Chechen Women” top. Talented, charming and kind Makka was born in the city of Grozny and, despite her young age, has already received the title of Honored Artist of the Chechen Republic.

Makka gained fame thanks to her enchanting voice and ability to make something youthful and modern out of familiar classics, traditional Caucasian rhythms and well-known texts. The singer released 2 albums in Russian and Chechen, gave many solo concerts and danced in the Lovzar ensemble.

Music is in Makki’s blood, because her father is the famous accordionist Umar Sagaipov. Macca followed in his footsteps and began singing on stage even before school. At the age of 15, the young singer recorded her first hit “ A handsome boy”, which paved the way to the big stage.

Creativity, songs, and music were McKee’s life, but the girl simultaneously received two educations: pop-jazz and economics.

Macca performed not only throughout Russia, but also abroad. She had many duets with famous singers. Macca managed to live in Paris for some time, but returned to her homeland in 2011. There were many rumors that the beauty had quit music, but in fact she was recording songs, but refused the big stage.

The girl is not only a talented singer, but also involved in charity work. Her good deeds are not always covered by the press, since she does not advertise them.

What other most beautiful Chechen girls are there?

Of course, the top 3 is too small a list of beauties originally from Chechnya. I would like to mention such magnificent girls as:

• Aset Vatsueva is a strong and courageous journalist who fought back against censorship and was not afraid to defend her own opinion.
• Tamila Sagaipova is the half-sister of Makka Sagaipova and an equally talented singer.
• Dilara Surkhaeva and her wonderful blues timbre.
• Aminu Khakisheva is a TV presenter and honored journalist of the Chechen Republic.

And many, many other beauties. No wonder they sometimes say that the most beautiful are Chechen women!

Instead of an afterword

When wondering who the most beautiful Chechen women are, you probably never thought about how much external beauty can harmonize with internal beauty. The girls from the top are not just stunning, beautiful and well-mannered, they are also models of benefactors. Their activities aimed at helping those in need were evident from a very early age. It is unknown whether it is upbringing or a gift from above, but their character cannot be left unnoticed. Now, looking at the photo itself beautiful Chechen, you will think not only about her beauty, but also about her soul.

Sergei Anashkevich writes: Why do they only go on dates with their friends, how many men are there in their lives, how much does a girl’s life change after the wedding, and why are there no relatives from the bride’s side at the wedding?

During the trip to Chechnya, local residents told me a lot about all this - my friend Ismail, the guide in Tsoi-Ped Said and several Chechen girls with whom I managed to talk about these and other equally exciting topics regarding their lives, family relationships and sex ...

And the conversation about Chechen girls began with this bas-relief near a spring on the road from Grozny to Argun.

We were getting water and our guide Said pointed to the bas-relief, this is how it is customary to go on a date in Chechnya. Well, here we go...

It turns out that a Chechen woman will never go on a date, as is customary here, one on one. This can be very, very poorly received by family and friends. Chechen women go on dates only in the company of 2, and sometimes more, friends. These are her witnesses that nothing unnecessary happens on a date - no touching, much less kissing!

Guys don't go on dates alone either. For the same reason. In general, a date in Chechen is a whole affair with a lot of conventions. The main thing is that no one, God forbid, thinks or suspects anything unnecessary!

The following story stems from the dates. Chechen wedding.
Naturally, this is a logical continuation of dating between a guy and a girl.

The period of meeting a couple before the wedding can last quite a long time. And all this is still in front of witnesses, you still can’t touch or kiss your beloved. There is no talk about sex before marriage at all; it is very strictly disapproved by society and relatives. The concept of living together before marriage or civil marriage, of course, also does not exist.

In general, the groom takes the bride like a pig in a poke. Just like the bride marries the same pig in a poke. Neither he knows what she is like in bed, nor does she know about him. Like it or not, they will have to adapt, because they have their whole life ahead of them.

Islam does not approve of divorces and they happen extremely rarely in Chechnya.

As has already become clear from the text, a proper Chechen woman has only one man in her life. Which she tries for the first time only after the wedding. By the way, this does not mean at all that a Chechen man has only one woman in his life. Before the wedding, they are not at all forbidden to have sexual intercourse. So hot Caucasian guys go to Pyatigorsk and cities further away to buzz and hone their skills with non-Chechen girls. But I digress...

The Chechen wedding itself is also interesting. Do you know that only relatives and guests from the husband’s side walk on it? Yes Yes exactly.

There is NOT A ONE person on the bride's side, not even her parents! So if a man, for example, has 5 daughters and no sons, he will never attend his children’s wedding...

Only a month after the wedding, parents and relatives of the bride individually come to visit the newlyweds to congratulate them on their marriage and give them their gift.

After the wedding, a woman completely transfers from the guardianship of her relatives to the guardianship of the groom and his relatives. Now they are completely responsible for the woman and protect her in every possible way. Surprisingly, if a woman needs to go somewhere for some business, very often the husband gives up his business and goes with her (for example, to a correspondence session in another city). While she is studying and taking exams, he is nearby so that no one pesters her and, God forbid, offends her.

Like these ones interesting features the lives of Chechen women were told to me in Chechnya.

From comments on the topic:

Also, if the girl turns out to be not a virgin, she is returned, and if she has sisters, then they will never marry. And the husband can bring his wife back if he doesn’t like something, she, too, will not marry again, unless to a widower with children or an illiquid man, and in her own family she will be an outcast and an object of ridicule and ridicule. And no one takes any cat. Everybody knows each other. Good parents inquiries are made, etc.

A couple of inaccuracies...

“A Chechen man has only one woman in his life. Before marriage, they are not at all forbidden to have sexual relations.”
Forbidden. It's still forbidden. Both according to adat and Sharia. It’s just that guys can get away with partying on the side if the girl’s relatives don’t present it. That’s why, more often than not, everything is away.

“So if a man, for example, has 5 daughters and no sons, he will never attend his children’s wedding...”
The girl’s family also has its own wedding. Only it is not as lush and chic as the groom’s. Like, it’s immodest to rejoice when a girl moves to another family. More like a send-off.

And the groom does not attend his wedding. He is organizing something like a bachelor party somewhere within reach with friends. And at this time the bride is standing in the corner of his family)).

I can add to the wedding traditions that the bride stands on the high heels, does not move or speak. If the wedding lasts 3 days, then it costs 3 days. All this time, the groom's friends come up to her and say all sorts of things. She has no right to answer. And the groom has a blast. He spends all this time celebrating with friends (like a bachelor party). Then he should not appear to his relatives for several days. And going to visit your mother-in-law is considered indecent.

I love oriental girls, I dated an Azerbaijani woman for 1.5 years. Still a completely different mentality. And the attitude towards family is different. But alas, for such girls, to a fanatical level, it is important to have a man, children, a family in life (that is, to the registry office almost at the first opportunity), but feelings are secondary. It's not very good. Family is not the goal. This is the result of love between two people, and not the result of a trip to the registry office.

And traditions in Islam are tough. At least judging by the above. I feel sorry for both girls and boys. In this regard, Islam is a very difficult culture. I have nothing against it, but I wouldn’t want to live like that.
Well, why does someone impose on someone how to live and what to do? From childhood, parents should put certain things into their heads, but how to live and with whom to sleep is a PERSONAL matter for each and everyone. And the question here is even about non-marital sex (and it is necessary because people must be compatible in sex too), but in life together before the wedding. My acquaintances and friends had many examples when people dated for several years, and then lived together for a month or two and that was it. End. They understood that they were different people. Everyday life dots all the i’s.
Imagine the situation: young people are 18-20 years old (they still have to walk and walk), they haven’t really seen anything yet, haven’t made a decision in life, haven’t lived together and haven’t even been alone, and here is a wedding (not cheap yet!), everyday life ... And suddenly I realized that it’s NOT MINE AT ALL! So what should I do? Should he walk around with women, should she suffer in silence? and what for is this life?

Py.Sy. I’m also annoyed by the comments of Caucasians who haven’t lived any other way, but are trying to prove that they have everything built correctly there.
Guys, since you are men and you have freedom, then try to live differently. To find a girl with whom you are comfortable in all respects, with whom life is a joy, and after this understanding you really want to carry her in your arms to the registry office. And marrying blindly... well, I don't know. If it’s just that there is a female housewife-sex slave at home, then it’s probably possible. But you still need something for the soul. Do you know in the Caucasus what love is for the soul? Hardly. It's not as simple as we would like. You can’t just marry the first person you meet (especially chosen by your parents) and be happy. This is an illusion of happiness for the 99.9%.

Millennium wedding: why Louise cried

15-year-old Khedi Konchieva on a date with her boyfriend in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. During the date, the couple should be in society, while young people should sit a few meters away from each other. Any form of intimate contact is strictly prohibited, and those girls who have had sexual intercourse before marriage risk being killed at the hands of their own family.

Photographer Diana Markosyan, working for a Moscow agency in 2010, asked to be sent to Chechnya. Diana, who grew up in Russia but studied in the United States, was 20 years old at the time.
“The agency did not send me to Chechnya, so I decided to go there myself. Grozny became my goal, and then my home.”

Markosyan soon became an expert in this region, where many of her colleagues did not even want to go. Last November, Diana finally moved to Chechnya. According to her, living and working in Chechnya is quite risky and dangerous; cases of kidnapping of girls are very frequent. Although the Russian government says that peace has been restored to the region after more than a decade of counter-insurgency wars, this is not entirely true. The invisible presence and influence of the Chechen authorities on the life and work of local citizens is strongly felt. In her personal project, Markosyan tried to show the life of girls living in Chechnya.

“It’s one thing to come here for a week, like I did before. But it’s completely different to stay here and experience everything that the local girls experience.”

Chechnya has experienced a wave of Islamization since the collapse of the Soviet Union: religious dress is compulsory, young and polygamous marriages have become more common, and gender roles are becoming increasingly conservative. President Ramzan Kadyrov has publicly stated that women are the property of their husbands. At the same time in the republic high level unemployment, and therefore many young girls, even becoming mothers, are forced to live with their parents.

“As an ordinary citizen, I don’t feel any danger here. But since I’m doing something unusual, especially for a girl, I behave very carefully.”

Diana had to change her approach to work, as local people distrust her and are afraid to show what they do in Everyday life. For example, a seemingly innocent photograph of a woman smoking can have the most detrimental consequences for her. Parents are very concerned about what might happen to their children if they are caught doing inappropriate activities.

Markosian had to spend weeks with the subjects before she was able to take even one photograph. The girls and women she used in her project are a mirror of Chechnya as a whole. “The flexibility of local women inspired me to create of this project", says Diana. “They are trying to do at least something on their own at such a difficult time, when the region is just recovering from almost two decades of war.”

15-year-old Seda Mahagieva puts on a hijab before leaving her house. Seda says this is her duty as a Muslim.

A couple dances at a party in the town of Shali, 30 km from Grozny.

13-year-old Farida Mukhaeva dances at her friend's wedding. According to traditional modesty, the Chechen bride should stand in the corner throughout the ceremony, and the groom should rarely appear in public view.

Guests dance at a wedding, one of them waving a gun.

Ninth grade school students in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Unlike previous generations, half of them wear the hijab.

Girls study the Koran in an underground madrasah, or religious school, in the village of Serzhen-Yurt.

A football team of disabled people who suffered from landmines trains in a gym on the outskirts of Grozny. More than 3,000 mine-related accidents have occurred in Chechnya since 1994.

Girls return home after morning prayer in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Both have worn the hijab for two years, despite their families' disapproval.

On the outskirts of Grozny during sunset, 29-year-old Kazbek Mutsaev takes a celebratory shot within the framework of an old wedding tradition in Chechnya.

16-year-old Layusa Ibragimova reads her wedding vows in the presence of a local imam. According to tradition, Chechen couples read their vows separately.

Layusa Ibragimova gets her hair styled and manicured at her home in the city of Urus-Martan. Her father gave Layusa in marriage to 19-year-old Ibragim Isaev. Before the wedding, Layusa and Ibrahim communicated only a few times.

Schoolgirls sit in front of the Heart of Chechnya mosque in Grozny. The mosque is the largest in Europe.

Friends of Seda Mahagieva adjust her headdress in her home in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Seda wears a hijab despite her mother's disapproval.

A group of guests eagerly await the groomsmen to pick up the bride from her home on her wedding day.

The southern Russian region of Chechnya has experienced nearly two decades of brutal war in which approximately 200,000 Chechens have died. The photo shows the mountainous Itum Kale region, where the rebels were based during both wars.

Photojournalist Diana Markosyan has spent the last year and a half in Chechnya. In her project, she documented how young girls in the region lived after the war. And this is what she writes: “The most innocent actions at first glance for young Chechen girls can mean breaking the law. If a Chechen girl is caught smoking, she may be arrested. If it is discovered that a girl had sex with a guy before marriage, she can be killed. If Chechen girls dare to rebel, they immediately become a target in the eyes of the authorities. After nearly two decades of war and 70 years of Soviet rule, when religious movements were banned, Chechnya is experiencing an Islamic revival. The Chechen government is building mosques in every village, prayer rooms in public schools and forcing women and men to adhere to stricter Islamic dress. In this photo report you will see how Chechen girls have to quickly rethink themselves and their lives as residents of an Islamic state.”

Markosyan reports that working in Chechnya is quite difficult: “Working as a photojournalist in Chechnya, and even as a woman, is a rather difficult task. With the prosperity of Islam, the region is experiencing significant changes. The government is trying to adopt Islamic laws and strengthen Chechen traditions. Attitudes towards women are becoming more and more conservative. Women should be submissive and behave modestly in the presence of men. What makes the job very difficult is that many Chechen officials do not take women seriously. I try not to take it personally and look for various ways to get around this. There is also a degree of fear when living and working in such an unpredictable region as North Caucasus. I'm still not completely used to this kind of life. My telephone conversations They bug me, security officers constantly harass me, once they even deleted my photos, I was detained more than a dozen times.”

A Chechen girl who considers herself emo paints her lips with pink gloss. Local emo, basically like everywhere else, wear pink and black clothes, sneakers and have punk-style haircuts. They are a target for the Chechen authorities.

Classes in the school gym in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Schoolgirls dressed in long skirts and scarves, because sports uniform does not correspond to Muslim norms. Girls should be modestly dressed in front of boys.

Relatives of the Chechen poet Ruslan Akhtakhanov mourn his death. The poet, known for his speeches against separatists, was shot dead in Moscow.

Chechen dancers backstage at a concert hall in Grozny. The recent terrorist attack at the concert hall, in which at least five people were killed and several others wounded, is still very much in the minds of local residents.

Chechen artists backstage before a performance. Local celebrities were among the first to wear headscarves to conform to Muslim fashion.

20-year-old Islamic University student Amiina Mutieva prays before starting classes.

Young girls in bright scarves wait their turn to dance, Shawls.

First-graders during a break at school in Grozny. There is a poster on the wall with the inscription “Our Strength” and a picture of Ramzan Kadyrov.

Friends Seda Mahagieva, Kameta Sadulaeva and Khedi Konchieva at a school lunch in Serzhen-Yurt.

Students of the Chechen State University in Grozny perform on stage on International Women's Day.

Students of the Chechen State University watch the performance. Many girls are subjected to harassment and even physical abuse for not wearing a hat.

25-year-old Elina Aleroyeva with her child at home in Grozny. Her husband was kidnapped federal service Security on May 9, 2011 for war crimes. Periodic disappearances of participants in both Chechen wars continue to this day.

15-year-olds Seda Mahagieva and Kameta Sadulayeva have been wearing the hijab for two years. They were among the first to wear headdresses, despite their parents' disapproval.

20-year-old Diana Reskhedova and 21-year-old Bekhlan Yusupov in their home in Grozny. Diana's parents arranged their wedding. The night before her marriage, the girl ran away to Behlan, with whom she secretly met. To date, they have been married for 2 years.

A guy looks out of the window of his tinted car at the girls in the city of Urus-Martan. Young girls are often kidnapped from the streets and married off to men they have never even met before.

Chechen guys at a friends' wedding in Grozny.

The girls gathered at the party. At most social events Chechen men and the women gather separately.

The girls gathered in the house before the wedding.

One of the wedding guests fires a gun.

16-year-old daughter-in-law Jamilya Idalova. The girl was kidnapped, but later returned home. Bride kidnappings are outlawed, but they still happen. The thieves are responsible for this and can receive a fine of up to 1 million rubles. The groom and his friend kidnapped Jamila after school, putting her in a car. His parents knew about this. Her parents were against it. Eventually the bride returned home. On the same day, parents from both sides met and decided that the young people should get married. And a week later the wedding took place. The celebration should take place either at the groom's house or in a restaurant. In this case, the wedding took place at the groom's house. The daughter-in-law makes her vows in her home separately from the groom. The holiday usually lasts three days.

The southern Russian region of Chechnya has experienced nearly two decades of brutal war in which approximately 200,000 Chechens have died. The photo shows the mountainous Itum Kale region, where the rebels were based during both wars.

Photojournalist Diana Markosyan has spent the last year and a half in Chechnya. In her project, she documented how young girls in the region lived after the war. And this is what she writes: “The most innocent actions at first glance for young Chechen girls can mean breaking the law. If a Chechen girl is caught smoking, she may be arrested. If it is discovered that a girl had sex with a guy before marriage, she can be killed. If Chechen girls dare to rebel, they immediately become a target in the eyes of the authorities.

After nearly two decades of war and 70 years of Soviet rule, when religious movements were banned, Chechnya is experiencing an Islamic revival. The Chechen government is building mosques in every village, prayer rooms in public schools and forcing women and men to adhere to stricter Islamic dress. In this photo report you will see how Chechen girls have to quickly rethink themselves and their lives as residents of an Islamic state.”

Markosyan reports that working in Chechnya is quite difficult: “Working as a photojournalist in Chechnya, and even as a woman, is a rather difficult task. With the prosperity of Islam, the region is experiencing significant changes. The government is trying to adopt Islamic laws and strengthen Chechen traditions. Attitudes towards women are becoming more and more conservative. Women should be submissive and behave modestly in the presence of men. What makes the job very difficult is that many Chechen officials do not take women seriously. I try not to take it personally and look for different ways to work around it. There is also a degree of fear when you live and work in such an unpredictable region as the North Caucasus. I'm still not completely used to this kind of life. My phone conversations are being tapped, security officers are constantly harassing me, once they even deleted my photos, I was detained more than a dozen times.”
See also:

A Chechen girl who considers herself emo paints her lips with pink gloss. Local emo, basically like everywhere else, wear pink and black clothes, sneakers and have punk-style haircuts. They are a target for the Chechen authorities.

Classes in the school gym in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Schoolgirls wear long skirts and headscarves, as sports uniforms do not comply with Muslim standards. Girls should be modestly dressed in front of boys.

Relatives of the Chechen poet Ruslan Akhtakhanov mourn his death. The poet, known for his speeches against separatists, was shot dead in .

Chechen dancers backstage at a concert hall in Grozny. The recent terrorist attack at the concert hall, in which at least five people were killed and several others wounded, is still very much in the minds of local residents.

Chechen artists backstage before a performance. Local celebrities were among the first to wear headscarves to conform to Muslim fashion.

20-year-old Islamic University student Amiina Mutieva prays before starting classes.

Young girls in bright scarves wait their turn to dance, Shawls.

First-graders during a break at school in Grozny. There is a poster on the wall with the inscription “Our Strength” and a picture of Ramzan Kadyrov.

Friends Seda Mahagieva, Kameta Sadulaeva and Khedi Konchieva at a school lunch in Serzhen-Yurt.

Students of the Chechen State University in Grozny perform on stage on International Women's Day.

Students of the Chechen State University watch the performance. Many girls are subjected to harassment and even physical abuse for not wearing a hat.

25-year-old Elina Aleroyeva with her child at home in Grozny. Her husband was kidnapped by federal security forces on May 9, 2011 for war crimes. Periodic disappearances of participants in both Chechen wars continue to this day.

15-year-olds Seda Mahagieva and Kameta Sadulayeva have been wearing the hijab for two years. They were among the first to wear headdresses, despite their parents' disapproval.

20-year-old Diana Reskhedova and 21-year-old Bekhlan Yusupov in their home in Grozny. Diana's parents arranged their wedding. The night before her marriage, the girl ran away to Behlan, with whom she secretly met. To date, they have been married for 2 years.

A guy looks out of the window of his tinted car at the girls in the city of Urus-Martan. Young girls are often kidnapped from the streets and married off to men they have never even met before.

Chechen guys at a friends wedding in Grozny.

The girls gathered at the party. At most social events, Chechen men and women gather separately.

The girls gathered in the house before the wedding.

One of the wedding guests fires a gun.

16-year-old daughter-in-law Jamilya Idalova. The girl was kidnapped, but later returned home. Bride kidnappings are outlawed, but they still happen. The thieves are responsible for this and can receive a fine of up to 1 million rubles. The groom and his friend kidnapped Jamila after school, putting her in a car. His parents knew about this. Her parents were against it. Eventually the bride returned home. On the same day, parents from both sides met and decided that the young people should get married. And a week later the wedding took place. The celebration should take place either at the groom's house or in a restaurant. In this case, the wedding took place at the groom's house. The daughter-in-law makes her vows in her home separately from the groom. The holiday usually lasts three days.
"She beautiful girl, the most popular in school. It's a shame she didn't finish it. This could affect her future. But still, it will be better for her to get married,” her teachers say about Jamila.

16-year-old bride Jamilya Idalova with her girlfriends in a limousine.