A full-term baby is how many full weeks of pregnancy? How to bear a healthy baby? Tips for the expectant mother

Today, the number of infertile couples of childbearing age (from 20 to 40 years) in our country is about 15 percent.

Today, the number of infertile couples of childbearing age (from 20 to 40 years) in our country is about 15 percent. And every year this figure is growing. Doctors suggest that the further we go, the more problems with fertility will arise in human civilization. We are no longer surprised when we read advertisements in the newspaper: “Ready to carry a child.”

Some are not averse to carrying a genetically alien child and use this opportunity as a way to make money. But if a person’s amputated leg or arm hurts all his life, then what kind of scars does the person who lived in the body leave - who? Someone else's heir with someone else's chromosomes or his own blood? Just a fetus or a person? Indeed, some treat such an innovation with understanding, while others with horror and anger. I think readers will be interested in the point of view of a professional. B.V. Leonov is the head of the department of clinical embryology of the Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

- A person cannot realize the instinct of father or mother naturally and makes a difficult decision - to take in someone else’s child. And he is faced with the fact that, on the one hand, the laws designed to help adoption are actually imperfect, and on the other hand, the people who are responsible for the fate of deprived children are very unscrupulous and are trying to make money from it. But the happiness of childless couples is so close and possible. Thanks to the latest advances in medicine, they can have at least a dozen of their own.
genetic children. But our state still does not want to help its citizens. All he has to do is resolve some legal issues. I hope that we will be able to talk about the financial side of things a little later, when the country’s economy gets out of the crisis.

Queue in Soviet style
We faced the problem of adopting a child back in Soviet time. A childless couple contacted us. They tried to help her for about two years, but nothing worked: the woman did not have her own eggs, stimulation did not help, and she did not agree to have a donor egg implanted. Then another option arose. We injected the husband's sperm into our patient's sister. Of course, this was done upon application, with the consent of all three parties. The sister becomes pregnant and successfully gives birth to the child. Our patient wants to adopt him. And then problems arose that we had no idea existed. The guardianship department insisted that the sister transfer the child to a waiting list that existed in the area among those wishing to adopt a child. And our long-suffering couple ended up at the very bottom of this list. Under the pressure of the arguments and documents that we presented, the district employees, thirsty for “justice,” were forced to retreat, and the child ended up in the family of his genetic father.

But there are only a few such cases in my practice. Our department most often carries out - and we developed these areas in Russia - artificial insemination with donor sperm (when infertility arose due to the fault of the father) and in vitro fertilization of the egg (when a couple cannot have children due to the fault of the mother).
The word "guilt" is not quite appropriate here. We cannot call an unfortunate person guilty of something for which the state must partly be held accountable - after all, it is the state that is responsible for the contaminated ecology, which significantly reduces the reproductive abilities of both women and men.
If both parents do not object to fertilizing the egg with donor sperm, they sign the appropriate documents. We require written consent from our patients if we implant someone else’s egg into a woman. At the same time, we must also obtain the official permission of the donor woman to have the right to remove one or more eggs from her. If necessary, signatures are certified by a notary office. These papers are regulated at the level of an order issued by the Minister of Health, and in a controversial situation they can be presented in court, but so far the lawyers have not asked us for such papers. And in this way, long-awaited children are born in families, provided with attention from their parents.

Poverty in Russian style
I have a list of addresses of women from different cities of Russia who offer to bear a child for someone for a financial reward. They all explain their desire by great financial difficulties. As a rule, they are married and already have children of their own. Our position today is this: yes, we can perform in vitro fertilization or introduce the husband’s sperm, but the department’s employees fundamentally do not interfere with the financial and legal side of the issue and offer married couples to solve these problems independently through the appropriate structures. By the time the child is born, everything must be legally documented, which will allow him to be transferred to a childless family without any problems. Apparently, payment there is based on the timing of pregnancy. And maybe even an unsuccessful attempt will pay. True, there is one thing: a woman who contacts our center with an offer to bear a child for someone does not assume how strong the maternal instinct is. Having given birth to a child, she can refuse the deal at any moment, and her feelings will be fair: “I carried him, this is my child...” And in this case, the woman cannot be forced to give the child to the genetic parents, although she only carried him. Of course, sometimes intrigue cannot be ruled out...

We need laws
This issue is legally very complex, and the problem requires a legislative solution. I would like to meet with State Duma deputies who are able to think through the legal side of this issue. And I would give some clarifications if legislators need them. I would tell the donor and recipient how to build relationships with each other. But for now I don’t give such advice, otherwise, according to our current laws, you can get into a lot of trouble. Similar operations are carried out abroad. And if a conflict arises, it is resolved through the courts. And so far, the jury, as a rule, remains on the side of the mother, not genetic, but carrying the child.

You have to pay for the risk
9 months of pregnancy is a huge risk for a woman. After all, every 3 minutes in the world a woman dies in childbirth or from pregnancy-related problems. The risk a woman takes when carrying a child for someone else’s family must be paid for. The state is not going to allocate money yet. This means that those who need it should pay. Although a child is created for a family, in the end, the instinct of fatherhood and motherhood is not simply realized, but a citizen is born. Nevertheless, the state is trying to remain aloof.
Treatment is very expensive; All services provided by our laboratory are paid. By the way, in Europe, the costs of in vitro fertilization (for the first and second attempts) are covered by medical insurance.
It is known that in medicine there is such a thing as a “clinical experiment”, there is a law that defines it, and a person can agree to an operation that is very much associated with a risk to life. Usually there is a fee for a clinical experiment, although the patient writes before the operation: “I agree to the experiment at the risk of my life and am taking this step in the interests of future generations and for high humane reasons.” Then it is logical, you see, to allow payment for childbirth, which is attended by a female recipient. At the same time, it cannot be ruled out that when she carries a child for another family, she understands that this is a humane act. Even a very selfish person can always have a desire to help his neighbor.

The first Russian was born from a female donor in the USA
Sensational news came from Los Angeles. On February 5, the famous Russian businessman Vladimir Slutsker and his wife Olga, president of the World Class fitness club chain, had a son. More precisely, a donor woman gave birth to a baby, into whose uterus nine months ago a fertilized egg was implanted. We contacted Olga, and this is what she said:
- I am infinite. And I’m not going to hide how our son was born. We were prompted to look for a donor by truly insurmountable circumstances. With the family that helped us give birth to our child, we maintain warm friendly relations. This is the most normal average American family, which already has two children. They agreed to donate quite consciously - for them it is a way to improve financial situation. And of course, they are glad that they can help people who find themselves in a hopeless situation. It is not so easy to become a donor mother: special companies select women based on dozens of indicators - social, medical, psychological. It was impossible to carry out such a procedure in Russia: our deputies do not even want to hear about such a law. They believe that donation is exploitation female body. But the provision on donor mothers would give a chance to thousands of childless families. You can’t imagine how much grief and worry befalls loving spouses who are sentenced by doctors to live without children! And suddenly - such joy!
I really want the birth of our son to at least somehow change public opinion towards greater prudence... They named the newborn Misha. With a height of 51 cm, he weighs 3 kg 360. Magazine “Profile” No. 6 (128), February 22, 1999.

Miscarriage - this is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy during the first 28 weeks (7 obstetric months). This phenomenon is not so rare. According to the latest scientific data, miscarriages, or spontaneous abortions, in reality there are much more than are recorded by gynecologists and even the women themselves. Indeed, during one menstrual-ovarian cycle, a fertile couple on average becomes pregnant in 60% of cases (more precisely, fertilization of the egg occurs). However, half of these pregnancies are terminated before the fertilized egg reaches the uterus (we'll talk about the reasons for this below). Another 30% stop developing in the first days after implantation, that is, when there is still no evidence of pregnancy. Once a pregnancy is established (usually between 35 and 50 days), the risk of spontaneous abortion is 25% (i.e. miscarriage every fourth pregnancy ends), after the eighth week it becomes even smaller, and in the future, the longer the pregnancy, the less likely it becomes miscarriage.

Miscarriages are divided into early(up to 16 weeks) and late(over 16 weeks). Spontaneous abortion occurs without any intervention, contrary to the woman’s wishes. Spontaneous termination of pregnancy more than 2 times in a row is called recurrent miscarriage.

Who is guilty?

Most often - no one. The fact is that at conception, a child receives half of the genetic information from the mother and half from the father. At the moment of fusion of the paternal and maternal cells, a completely new cell with a unique set of chromosomes is formed. Moreover, this set also undergoes changes - chromosomes intersect and exchange sections.

In this case, sometimes certain genes important for the normal development of pregnancy are lost, and from the very beginning such a fertilized egg turns out to be non-viable. If those genes that are required for later development, pregnancy can develop normally for some time, without any signs of impending misfortune.

So, basically the majority miscarriages lie genetic reasons making it impossible to maintain this pregnancy. In this case, parents can only come to terms with what happened - no one is immune from accidental violations of the genetic code - and hope that the outcome of the next pregnancy will be successful. However, medicine can both predict and prevent many other causes of miscarriages.

We list the main causes of miscarriage 1 , in addition to genetic:

• hormonal disorders;
• isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
• infectious diseases;
• malformations of the uterus, tumors of the uterus and ovaries;
• diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular and other systems of the female body that experience additional stress during pregnancy;
• bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction) that affect the formation and development ovum;
• excessive physical and nervous tension;
• harmful factors environment (radiation, gas pollution, presence of high concentrations of chemicals).

At the same time, genetic abnormalities, hormonal disorders, infectious diseases of the pelvic organs, bad habits and environmental factors are mainly the cause of early miscarriages, while isthmic-cervical insufficiency, chronic somatic diseases (kidneys, hearts, etc.), aggravated during pregnancy, usually cause spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the later stages.

Probably deserves special mention among the causes of miscarriage artificial interruption first pregnancy. Of course, in any case, the woman herself makes the decision to continue or terminate the pregnancy, but she should know that artificial termination of pregnancy, especially the first, among others negative consequences, increases the risk of developing isthmic-cervical insufficiency, since the cervix of a nulliparous woman opens with difficulty and is easily injured during an abortion.

In fact, spontaneous termination of pregnancy is a signal that in the body of a woman (as well as a man - when examining the partners of women who have had miscarriage, in approximately 40% of cases, spermatogenesis disorders are detected) not all is well. After all, nature is determined to create the best conditions for the development of a new organism, and if there are none, it solves the problem by terminating the pregnancy. AND miscarriage indicates, first of all, the failure of the development of this pregnancy in the given circumstances, and does not at all mean the fundamental impossibility of maintaining and carrying the next pregnancy.

If a medical examination shows that the cause miscarriage there was any illness in a woman or man, it makes no sense to blame yourself or your partner - it is quite possible that you could not have known about the disease until it led to such tragic consequences. In any case, if you both want a child and are ready to do anything to ensure that your baby is born healthy, going to the doctor together and diagnosing and treating those disorders that prevent normal development pregnancy.

What to do after a miscarriage?

Many families, after a miscarriage, want to try to conceive a child as soon as possible. Others, on the contrary, are unable to recover from their experience and experience an overwhelming fear that the next attempt will be unsuccessful. In any case, nothing should be prohibited and nothing should be insisted on. Partners, of course, should rely on their feelings, but I would advise them to also take into account the following recommendations when choosing a reproductive strategy:

• It is better to skip 6 months before trying to get pregnant again. It has been noted that pregnancy that occurs immediately after miscarriage, has one and a half times b O greater than usual probability of spontaneous interruption. (However, if pregnancy does occur, do not panic. Many such pregnancies resulted in successful births.)
• If you decide to hold off on trying to get pregnant for a while, talk to your doctor about which contraceptive method is best for you.
• Discuss with your doctor the reasons that led to I'll have a miscarriage, and develop a plan for further action.

There are specialized medical centers whose doctors will give qualified recommendations on identifying and eliminating the causes that led to spontaneous abortion. Be sure to complete all prescribed examinations and pass all tests. After all, on my own miscarriage(and the subsequent curettage of the uterus) does not eliminate any infectious diseases, neither hormonal disorders nor tumor processes and does not reduce the likelihood of genetic and immune disorders during the next pregnancy.

You may need to be examined for infectious diseases of the reproductive organs (both female and male), determine blood hormones, study the immune status, the hemostatic system - blood coagulation (in the presence of infection, this system is activated, contributing to the death and rejection of the fertilized egg), the functioning of the main organs and systems that take on additional load during pregnancy. It may be necessary to treat any identified disorders. Ask your doctor what effects the prescribed medications may have on your reproductive system, and whether they can affect the fetus if you become pregnant during treatment. It makes sense to write down the names of medications and their dosages. Find out how long after stopping the medications you can conceive a child.

If you feel that your psychological state after miscarriage has not returned to normal, you notice a depressed mood, increased anxiety, bitter memories of what you experienced come flooding back to you every now and then, there is no need to withdraw into yourself. It is best to talk with a loved one, and if necessary, seek help from a specialist - a psychologist or psychotherapist who has experience in working in such situations. After all, your next pregnancy will inevitably be accompanied by increased anxiety for the baby’s life, so if you can’t get rid of fears completely, then at least it’s better to learn how to cope with them in advance.

Perhaps for the sake of bearing and giving birth healthy child, you will even have to change your lifestyle: give up hard work for a while, eat right, take multivitamins, do gymnastic exercises, bring your weight back to normal. And, of course, get rid of bad habits.

And although the pain of your recent loss will remain with you forever and no one will replace your lost child, your life is not over. Find the strength to survive this grief, find the strength for new attempts, and in the end you will become parents! I wish you patience, determination, self-confidence, peace of mind - and good luck!

If your friends or loved ones have a miscarriage, be sure to try to help them

How to behave

• Don't let your feelings of helplessness make you refuse to communicate with them. Don't avoid socializing out of awkwardness. It is especially painful for people who have lost a child to be left without the support of friends.
• Don't hide your sympathy.
• Be there: at any time your willingness to listen, talk, and help may be needed.
• Don't tell them what they should feel or do.
• Don't change the subject if they bring up their loss.
• Don’t be afraid to “unnerve their feelings” by talking about the tragedy that happened - they will never forget about it, regardless of your reminders.

What to talk about

• Be sure to say how sad you are that this happened.
• Warn that they don’t need to hold back in front of you, let them cry and talk everything out.
• Advise each partner to treat himself and the other with care and patience, and not to be ashamed of his feelings, because any person needs time and strength to survive grief.

What not to talk about

Don't say you understand what it's like for them now (unless you've been in the same situation yourself; in the latter case, your support is especially valuable).

Don’t try to find some positive aspects in what happened (moral lesson, family unity, etc.).

Don’t say that they have other children (there will be another child), this is exactly what they expected and loved.

Do not allow yourself even hints that they themselves are to blame for what happened (they are already tormented by doubts and feelings of guilt).

When two lines appear on the test, the next thought after euphoria is the question “What to do?” For some reason, there is an opinion that once pregnancy occurs, a woman’s lifestyle should change radically. In fact, if your lifestyle is close to healthy, you just need to slightly adjust it to suit your new condition. If not, it’s worth remembering the basics of a healthy lifestyle. There is no need to say that smoking and alcohol are harmful to health. Their use endangers the life and health of the baby. If you haven't done this before, give up bad habits immediately. If you feel that you cannot quit smoking, try seeking help from a psychologist.

The sooner you register for pregnancy, the bigger problems you will be able to avoid. Choose a doctor who treats pregnancy with care and does not intimidate expectant mothers, then your trip to the gynecologist will not be so burdensome. If before pregnancy you did not have time to visit a therapist, endocrinologist, dentist, or get tested for TORCH infection, then you need to do this as early as possible in order to treat existing diseases in a timely manner, in the interests of the baby. If before pregnancy you had chronic inflammatory processes, any of the many infections TORCH complex, it is necessary to prevent intrauterine infection of the baby already in the second trimester of pregnancy.

They used to say that the birth of a child should cost the mother at least one tooth. This is not the case today, although pregnancy can indeed have a negative impact on dental health. This is due to changes in hormonal balance and metabolism. That is why doctors repeat many times: take care of your teeth before pregnancy, since pathogenic microbes multiply intensively in diseased teeth, which has a detrimental effect on the development of the fetus. If it didn’t work out before pregnancy, then don’t put off visiting the doctor when you’re expecting a baby. Typically, dentists try to minimize dental treatment in the 1st and 3rd trimesters. But only a specialist can determine whether immediate intervention is required or can be delayed.

Proper nutrition during pregnancy.
There are many theories about healthy eating, but only you and your baby really know what “right” is. You shouldn’t ignore even the most ridiculous food cravings at first glance (within reasonable limits, of course). Trust your feelings, this the right way provide the body with all the necessary substances. By the way, if you want to enjoy watermelon in January, do not deny yourself this, because the amount of positive emotions that you will receive is simply invaluable for the baby’s health: hormones of joy and endorphins contribute to his growth and development. The myth that a pregnant woman should eat for two is not true, leading to the fact that after giving birth you will weigh “for two.” The child will receive all the necessary elements from your body.

Eat often, but in small portions. In the first trimester, the appetite is ravenous. This is due to the fact that your body stores the necessary forces and substances to bear offspring. Frequent meals will help you avoid the feeling of hunger, which is often the cause of nausea, and small portions will help you not feel heaviness in your stomach. Physical activity during pregnancy to the body expectant mother special requirements are imposed, and a special role is assigned to vitamins. It is necessary to remember that you should choose only those multivitamins that are recommended by your doctor and are intended specifically for pregnant women. Multivitamin preparations must be taken throughout pregnancy. In addition, it is better to start taking them 2-3 months before conception to ensure full implantation and the formation of all organs and systems of the baby. Long-term use of some medications may negatively affect the process of absorption or excretion of vitamins. Therefore, take vitamins only in the dosages indicated by your doctor and only for the period of time prescribed to you.

Physical activity.
“Pregnancy is not a disease!” - this phrase does not lose its relevance.
Adequate physical activity keeps the body in good shape, saturates the baby’s body with oxygen and prepares you for childbirth. If sports played a big role in your life before pregnancy, simply reduce the load and eliminate exercises that pose a risk to the baby. If sports are not your thing, start by walking. However, everywhere there are “BUTs”. Women who move around a lot during the second half of pregnancy are more at risk premature birth. Walking is contraindicated for pregnant women with complications. The most wonderful sport for an expectant mother is swimming: you don’t feel weight in the water, your muscles relax. You cannot do gymnastics or yoga on your own to avoid injury, since the joints are mobile under the influence of hormones.

Adequate sleep and rest.
Your body works to support the life of two, which means it needs more time to rest and recuperate. Respect your desire to sleep constantly, sleep is necessary for normal well-being. It is clear that there are things to do at home and at work, but remember that from now on your greatest value is a small creature whose life and health depend only on you.

Positive emotions.
Everything you feel, your child feels too. Think about what emotions you want to give him: a feeling of peace, joy or irritability? Think about your baby, talk to him - all this helps you establish a close relationship with your baby before birth. Think about yourself, tune in to the good, and everything will be the way you want!

For any question related to pregnancy, you can consult the doctors of the Avesta-M clinic at the address: Saratov, st. Michurina 150/154(License N 64-01-000757 dated December 20, 2007)at a convenient time for you.

How to bear a healthy baby is not an idle question, but a very relevant one for the expectant mother! Pregnancy turns everything upside down for most women.

A ton of information is immediately bombarded, which is quite difficult for the expectant mother to understand.

We all want our child to be born healthy, and for this, from the very first days of pregnancy it is worth thinking about the lifestyle you lead and, perhaps, adjusting it a little.

So, what does it take to bear a healthy baby?

1. Healthy eating.

The health base you create for your baby will depend on how you eat. Try to eat a varied diet. Pregnancy This is not the time to save money. Natural products, fresh, without chemical dyes and preservatives, will give your baby much more vitamins and minerals than even any super expensive vitamin pill for expectant mothers.

1. Minimum stress.

Every stress causes a surge of adrenaline inside you. Adrenaline is a hormone that is produced in response to any danger, and thereby allows a person to either run away from danger or firmly repel an attack.

This chain of reactions comes from ancient times and serves as the basis for survival. However, the situation has changed, but the reactions remained the same. And even if you are an expectant mother and are not going to get into a fight (and I am sure you are not going to), adrenaline is produced, thereby creating excess tension within you.

Tension makes it difficult for your baby to receive nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, try to avoid situations that can upset, offend, frighten, or anger you.

1. Collect positive emotions.

The baby, even being inside you, already feels all your emotions and experiences. The more joy and pleasure you experience in life, the more positive impression about the world around you is formed in your baby.

Try to look at beautiful pictures, listen to pleasant music, communicate with positive people. Show your child that our world is wonderful and amazing.

1. More walks in the fresh air.

The best thing for an expectant mother to do during pregnancy is to go to a clean place, for example, to a village. But this is not available to everyone. Therefore, try to travel or go for a walk outside the city or to the park more often.

Walking along polluted city highways, you will only inhale fumes from car exhaust fumes and this will not bring any benefit to your child.

1. Avoid Unverified birth stories.

Every expectant mother reads forums with interest, listens to friends, and reads magazines that talk about childbirth. However, not all stories are positive. There are a lot of horror stories and lies you can find on the Internet.

How to bear a healthy child is a very multifaceted question that worries every woman. I will definitely cover the topics of healthy eating in more detail, we will talk about how to cope with stress, how to communicate with doctors and, of course, how to prepare for childbirth!

Pediatricians dream of being left without work so that their children don’t get sick, which is, of course, unrealistic, but it is possible to make sure that children get sick less – a healthy pregnancy of the mother plays a significant role in this. It is already known for sure that the embryo is most susceptible to various kinds of harmful influences in the first trimester, when its organs and systems are laid and formed. During this period, the expectant mother needs to fully understand all the responsibilities that are entrusted to her at this time.

By the way, responsibility also lies with the spouse and family members, if they all want a healthy toddler. It's time to finally quit smoking and drinking and change to healthy eating and lifestyle. A woman should register as early as possible antenatal clinic, since most problems and pathologies are formed at this time.

Important steps for healthy pregnancy.
It is important for an expectant mother to take care of herself to ensure her health is in the best possible condition. In a healthy female body, pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon, it is not a disease, it will not bring any discomfort and will not cause complications. However, pregnancy is still a special condition that must be treated responsibly. For a healthy pregnancy it is important:

Creating a prosperous psychological state family, due to constant worries, the tone of the uterus may increase and even a miscarriage may occur, give up all the problems and don’t think about the bad. All your actions and thoughts should be based on the interests of the baby. Desired children are always stronger and happier, they move into life more confidently and healthier. Enjoy every day of your pregnancy – it’s so short!

The first three months of pregnancy for a woman, if she is carrying healthy image life, you don’t need to suddenly change your lifestyle because of pregnancy, quit work and lie on the couch all day long. All changes in the body occur gradually, and they themselves will push you to change your lifestyle gradually and smoothly, without stress. Listen to your body, it is wiser than you, it is believed that pregnancy toxicoses are signals of protest from the body against wrong image life (poor nutrition, smoking, taking medications).

Protect yourself from stress, don’t watch scary movies, don’t quarrel with your neighbors and family; women during pregnancy become very sensitive and whiny due to hormones. Very vulnerable - let your relatives attribute your psychosis to pregnancy and treat them philosophically.

If possible, protect yourself from bad habits; stories that you should not suddenly quit smoking during pregnancy are nothing more than an absurd myth. Significantly increases the risk of developing fetal defects, weak immunity, and delayed fetal development. A pregnant woman smoking looks creepy!

It's summer, take advantage of it actively - go to the beach, relax and sunbathe, swim, eat fresh fruits and berries, vegetables, go on vacation - stock up on positivity and positive emotions.

If you are worried and don’t know what will happen to you during childbirth, sign up for a course for pregnant women. I myself teach a similar course together with a psychologist and I see how our pregnant girls change after completing the course, they gain confidence and faith in their abilities. Often, pregnant women are most frightened by the fear of the unknown and the fear of not being able to cope with childbirth and the role of a mother.

In addition, it is extremely important to pay close attention to your diet; it is important to eat regularly, correctly and tasty. Food is one of the ways to experience pleasure and positive emotions.

Healthy nutrition is the basis of baby’s health.
During pregnancy, healthy food is no less important than when a child is born, after all. What mommy eats somehow gets to the baby, which means he eats with her. Along with heredity, proper nutrition during pregnancy forms the basis for the birth of a healthy pregnancy and normal birth. “Children’s health and child mortality depend on what we fed and what we did not feed pregnant women,” one of the leading pediatric specialists, K. Frederike, used to say.

This is actually true, during pregnancy, the healthy food that the mother ate is the building blocks for building the baby’s body; the rate of growth and development of the fetus will depend on the nutritional adequacy. The mother's body supplies, through the placenta, the unborn baby with all the components necessary for growth and development - protein, fats and carbohydrates, and in addition to them, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, mother needs to know that now she is already eating for the “mother-fetus” couple and should not rely on synthetic additives - preservatives, dyes and fast foods. But you shouldn’t go to extremes with dieting - dieting is generally contraindicated for pregnant women; the maximum that is possible with active weight gain is the practice of fasting days. The child will react sensitively to all changes in nutrition - it has been noticed that children in the womb love sweet foods and juices most of all; when drinking juice, babies respond with activity and movements.

What to include in your diet and what not to include?
It is definitely worth noting that in the nutrition of pregnant women it is necessary to be guided by two main ideas - naturalness and integrity. First of all, give preference in nutrition natural products. Although in conditions major cities and the frantic pace of life is quite difficult. Try to minimize processed foods, ready-made foods and frozen meals, snacks in public catering and dry food. Of course, occasionally such products will not harm you, but their systemic consumption will not improve your health.

Natural products store " vitality“, life lives in them, just like in a pregnant woman. Especially now, in the summer, it is worth eating more food grown under the sun - these are berries, fruits and vegetables (preferably local, not imported). But the amount of protein food needs to be dosed - no, you shouldn’t resort to vegetarianism, animal products should be in the diet - but it should be quality protein from meat and fish, poultry, and not from store-bought cutlets or sausages, there are no high-quality proteins!

Even if porridge and grains have disgusted you since childhood. Try to take a fresh look at these products - make muesli or a cereal smoothie. Cook the porridge in a slow cooker with fruit and cream, make the cereal as a side dish for a meat dish. It is also important to prepare food correctly - this is boiling and baking, stewing or steaming. But frying is not the best healthy looking cooking, although very tasty.

Replace refined and processed foods as much as possible with natural ones - regular sugar with brown or honey, polished rice with brown or red, porridge from ready-made instant cereals with full-fledged grains with skin.

Also, following the advice of grandmothers from the hungry post-war years, you should not eat for two - this is not relevant today. You need to eat according to your appetite, preferably in small portions, the size of a boat made from your palms. The same applies to drinking - swelling in women during pregnancy occurs due to hormonal changes, not water - if fluid is limited, metabolism can be disrupted.

What will your doctor look at?
The average pregnancy lasts from 38 to 41-42 weeks, and the countdown starts from the last menstruation. During your appointments, the doctor will measure your uterine fundus, since the height of its standing clearly reflects the stage of pregnancy, which allows you to monitor the development of the baby. The doctor will measure your weight, blood pressure, and give you directions for a urine test - this will make it possible to notice the onset of complications in time. The fact that you want to be examined so often, almost every month in the first half of pregnancy, and much more often in the second half, does not mean that everything is bad with the baby or you - all pregnant women undergo this, this way you can preserve the health of mother and baby.

In the first trimester, you will meet your obstetrician-gynecologist for the first time; some doctors work in parallel in the antenatal clinic and maternity hospital, so it is possible to immediately see a doctor and then give birth to him. The doctor will initially examine you and clarify the stage of pregnancy, issue an exchange card for you and give directions for tests. This often frightens or puzzles women - “why do I need tests, I’m healthy, I feel good!” Alas, feeling well does not always equate to health, and tests help identify hidden pathologies that pregnancy can reveal and cause complications. In addition, without knowing it, we may carry hidden infections within ourselves. Which our body keeps us in trouble. But for the baby they can be dangerous - these are herpes, ureaplasma or thrush. It is important for the doctor to be aware of them and keep them under control.

Sometimes, due to pregnancy, your doctor may make recommendations to your employer that you change your job or be equipped with workplace- for example, if you worked at a gas station, you are required to be transferred to another place - gasoline fumes for a child are a hundredfold risk of vices. If you sit at the computer for hours, you should be transferred to light work; for pregnant women, you can use the computer for no more than two hours a day with breaks every half hour for 20-30 minutes. In addition, the doctor will advise you to take certain medications - multivitamins, folic acid, iodine and iron, especially if you live in an environmentally unfavorable area.

And most importantly, in a healthy pregnancy the most important participant is the mother, you need to carry yourself with the thought that you are a fairy. You have created life within yourself, you have created a real miracle, do not program yourself for the bad, think only about the pleasant! Your baby will be born soon!