How to develop memory - some simple tips. Memory and ways of its development. Patterns of memory

Memory is a skill that is vital for every person. Without it, we would never be ourselves, would not be able to speak and would not be able to think at all. But memory is not only an indispensable skill, but also an important element of our education and intelligence. The development of memory, attention and thinking often represents related tasks. Many of our mental characteristics directly depend on how our memory is developed. For example, the process of mastering the skills of speed reading, public speaking and mental arithmetic is essential without memory. This self-teaching course presents online lessons aimed at developing memory and the ability to specifically memorize material. Among the additional materials in this section of the site, you can find educational games and exercises, download free books and textbooks, find suitable classes, schools, courses and trainings - everything that will help improve your technique for memorizing information.

What is memory and memorization

Memory- this is one of the mental functions and types of mental activity designed to preserve, accumulate and reproduce information (Wikipedia). Thus, memory is understood as a system consisting of several elements:

Memorization- this is the process of memory through which new information is perceived and this information is recorded in the general system of thinking and associative connections. The key function of memorization is the creation of semantic connections, as a result of the work of our thinking and intellect on the content of the memorized material. Memorization is a very important memory process, the development of which will be given key attention in this training. However, this process is not the only one.

Storage- this is the process of systemic accumulation of information in memory, including the processing and assimilation of this information. Without storing information in memory, human learning is impossible; in addition, such important abilities as thinking and speech directly depend on this process.

Playback is the process of representing and recognizing information stored in memory, also called memories. Reproduction can be involuntary or voluntary. Our course will focus on Special attention arbitrary (special, conscious) reproduction.

Forgetting is also a process of memory, or rather a problem of its development. The loss of the ability to reproduce learned information can be partial (reproduction incomplete or with distortion) or complete (impossibility of reproduction and recognition). You will learn more about solving the problem of forgetting in the fourth lesson of this training.

Features of human memory

We all have different abilities to remember. For some it is easier, for others it is more difficult. In addition, we remember different things in different ways. For example, one person may be good at remembering people's names and facial features, but have trouble remembering where they put something in the house. And the other, on the contrary, remembers perfectly where everything is, but does not remember the name of his neighbor. Some prefer to use auditory and musical memory, others - visual, and some remember tactile sensations better.

Memory is an ability that has individual characteristics for each person. But there are patterns of memory that are universal for all people. And it is these patterns of memory and methods of its development, as well as techniques and methods of memorization that will be discussed in this online training.

One of the first specialists who paid attention to the problems of human memory development was psychologist Karl Emil Seashore. He claimed that average person uses no more than 10% of its memory. One proof of this is hypermnesia. Hypermnesia is a human pathology associated with an increased ability to remember. People with this pathology can remember many things verbatim and in great detail. But the peculiarity is that memorization occurs regardless of a person’s desire.

Test how well you remember information in our Hostess game: meet people and place them in your favorite seats to get the maximum score. You can use it for training too.

An excellent memory is the most valuable tool for a person’s life at any age, but in most cases, people begin to appreciate this tool only when there is a keen understanding of how important a good memory is and how much forgetfulness and absent-mindedness spoil life. As you age, any workout becomes more difficult.

So, in order to be able to remember any information without much difficulty, children need interest, teenagers - high level motivation, adults - regular training. And at the same time, constant training of this mental process entails maintaining brain activity, and, therefore, full life of an adult throughout its entire length.

Types of memory

Psychologists classify memory into the following types:

1. Visual type. If this type predominates, a person will remember the information received better if he has the opportunity to see the event with his own eyes or read the information in some source.
2. Auditory type. When the auditory type predominates, it is enough for a person to hear once, and he will be able to reproduce the information he heard even after some time. Thus, for people with a more developed auditory type of memory, for better memorization of texts, it is recommended to speak them out loud.
3. Motor (motor, tactile) type involves a person’s ability to “automatically” remember all frequently performed actions. For example, when confidently driving a car with a manual transmission, it is this type of memory that works, exactly the same as in the case of text writing skills. If the motor type predominates, the individual needs associations with the motor type. physical activity. So, for example, having excellent command of the “blind” typing method, it is quite difficult for a person with a motor type of memory to reproduce on paper the entire sequence of letter placement on the keyboard until he begins to remember where each letter is located using hand movements.
4. Mixed type. In this case, there is no single priority method of memorization, but two types are actively used or (which happens much less frequently) the memorization abilities are distributed evenly across all types of memory.

In addition, there are short-term and long term types memory.

Short term type arises as a result of a reaction to ongoing events and can be stored in the head for no longer than 3 months. At this stage, the obtained data is analyzed and at the level of the work of brain neurons, a decision is made on whether or not it is necessary to “transfer” this information to a long-term type. Thanks to this property, the human brain is not filled with irrelevant information.

Long term type ensures the safety of information for a long time, often throughout life. All available information in long-term memory can be reproduced an unlimited number of times. This type of memory allows you to recall the necessary information at the right time and apply the available information in life.

For each person, the predominant type of memory depends, first of all, on individual characteristics. This parameter is considered innate and does not change throughout life. And knowing exactly which type of memory is most developed, you can not only remember the information received with great success and use it in professional or everyday activities, but also develop memorization abilities and train memory in “weaker” areas.

Memory training techniques

There are a huge number of methods and ways to train memory. The essence of any of the methods is the ability to transfer the received information to long-term memory for further use of this information if necessary. Almost all exercises are designed to train the type of memory that is least developed in a particular person. The most common memory training techniques can be classified as follows.

• Method of relationship between attention and impression. What is meant here is that the best way the information that is interesting to a person and what he is most focused on is remembered. Thus, in order to learn how to better remember any information, it is important to master the method of concentrating on it and learn how to receive an emotional return. For example, to remember all the boring rules traffic, you need to clearly determine for yourself the benefits of the knowledge gained and for coloring emotional background you can add an element of play or excitement. Let's say, the faster and more accurately the rules are learned, the faster you can pass the exam at the traffic police, get a driver's license and finally get behind the wheel of a car.
• Method of using associations. Associations allow you to construct an imaginary connection between information already available in long-term memory and information that needs to be remembered. Using this method allows you to store more data in less time. Thus, to successfully memorize new material, it is necessary to find appropriate vivid associations that can help reproduce the learned material. The main rule of this method is that the association must be unusual, understandable, easy to remember and reproduce.
• Structuring method. A great way for targeted memorization. It consists of dividing information into thematic blocks based on logic and associative thinking. The basic rule of the structuring method is the need to create a convenient and logical structure of the information being studied. Here are the following structuring methods:

1. Roman room method (Cicero chain). The essence of the method is the mental arrangement of memorized objects in a well-known room in a strictly fixed order. To subsequently reproduce information, you need to remember the room and “what is where.”
2. Biesen's method of mental maps (connection diagram, associative map, mind mapping) - the use of flowcharts to depict the structure of the memorized material.

• Repetition method- the simplest and most common training method. In order for information to be retained in the memory of an adult for a long time, it is necessary to return to the previously learned material from time to time. And the more recent the information learned, the more often repetitions are needed for better memorization. In the future, it is simply necessary to periodically “refresh” the once acquired information. This simple technique allows you not only to consolidate the acquired knowledge in your head, but also to develop your memory function.
• Mnemonics or using a combination of the methods listed above to remember certain types of information. In this case, certain types of information are understood as combining information into conditional groups, for example, “names and faces”, “figures and numbers”, “foreign words”, etc. The main tools of mnemonics are the use free associations and conditional coding.

So, for example, to learn new foreign words, you can use the method of association or consonance with Russian words and, of course, the repetition method.

It is noticed that cleansing the mind, improves both memory and cognitive abilities in general. Use the fastest system for this purpose - .

Memory training in everyday life

1. The recommendation to read daily and extract new information from this activity was, is and will be relevant at all times.
2. Retelling books you have read is not only a way to motivate those closest to you to read, but also an excellent exercise for training the auditory type of memory.
3. One of the best “everyday” techniques to develop the ability to remember is to study a foreign language, new foreign words, proverbs, and established expressions.
4. The same can be said about learning new poems and songs every day.
5. An exercise to memorize telephone numbers, license plates of passing cars, etc. is very effective for daily memory training.
6. The same applies to remembering the exact dates of birthdays of relatives, friends, colleagues, etc.
7. When going to the store, you can keep the list of necessary purchases in your head, of course, keeping a pre-prepared cheat sheet “up your sleeve.”
8. When returning from the store, it is useful to remember all the purchases made and their cost.
9. When going to bed, it is useful to remember and “scroll” in your head in the smallest detail the events of the past day, right down to what products today’s menu consisted of during the day.

Englishman Dominic O'Brien has incredible ability. The winner of the 1994 World Memory Championship is able to learn more than 300 foreign words in an hour, and after a few days, speak a new language. At the same time, O'Brien is prohibited from appearing in all casinos in the world, uniquely developed memory, helps you read the remaining cards in the deck and win a huge sum of money.

The methods and techniques presented in this article are intended primarily for adults who are personally interested in improving the quality of their memory. If it is necessary to develop memory in children, psychologists and teachers recommend conducting classes in the form of games. Fortunately, today there is enough information about the development of any children's abilities, including improving memory.

But regardless of age, to strengthen memory, absolutely everyone equally benefits from fresh air, good quality sleep and consumption of foods that contribute to improving the functioning of mental processes associated with the impeccable functioning of this still little-studied area of ​​the human brain.

How does clearing the mind affect memory and cognitive abilities?

• negative emotions (fears, anxieties, resentments, jealousy, anger, etc.)
• complexes (eg: I’m fat, I have crooked legs/teeth, etc.)
• limiting beliefs (“I can’t do this,” “that’s not how it’s done,” etc.)
• negative attitudes (many people have entire meta-programs for self-destruction, which provoke bad habits, destructive behavior, etc.)
• and much more

But this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is known that emotions absorb huge amounts of bioenergy. So what is the connection between clearing the mind and improving memory and cognitive abilities?

Firstly: a person in a depressed or spoiled mood has worse memory abilities (as well as cognitive abilities in general); secondly: limiting beliefs and ideas limit cognitive abilities; thirdly: mental garbage, eating up your energy reserves, again limits your ability to think and remember, because the more energy you have, the easier it is to memorize and the better your thinking in general.

To accelerate the purification of the mind, use the system -. The good thing about the system is that it uses the resources of the subconscious and, in fact, shifts the bulk of the work to it. And you basically just have to read ready-made instructions for the subconscious. Certainly an interesting thing.

A form of mental reflection, consisting in consolidation, preservation and subsequent reproduction of past experience, making it possible reuse in activity or return to the sphere of consciousness. Memory connects a subject’s past with his present and future and is the most important cognitive function underlying development and learning.

The basis of mental activity. Without it, it is impossible to understand the basics of behavior, thinking, consciousness, and subconsciousness. Therefore, it is necessary to know more about our memory. Its absence is called amnesia.

The main memory processes are:

• memorization;
• preservation;
• reproduction;
• recognition;
• forgetting.

There are also the following types of memory:

1. Involuntary memory(information is remembered by itself - without special memorization, during the performance of activities, work on information). Strongly developed in childhood, weakens in adults.
2. Arbitrary memory(information is remembered purposefully using special techniques).

The effectiveness of random memory depends on a number of conditions; These include:

1. Memorization goals (how firmly, for how long a person wants to remember). If the goal is to learn in order to pass an exam, then soon after it a lot will be forgotten. If the goal is to learn for a long time, for the future professional activity, then the information is little forgotten.
2. Learning techniques.

They are like this:

Mechanical verbatim repetition. Mechanical memory works, a lot of effort and time are spent, but the results are poor. Mechanical memory based on repeating material without understanding it.

• Logical retelling, which includes: logical comprehension of the material, systematization, highlighting the main logical components of information, retelling in your own words. Works logical memory(semantic). It is based on establishing semantic connections in the memorized material. The efficiency of logical memory is 20 times higher than mechanical memory.
• Figurative memorization techniques (translation of information into images, graphs, diagrams, pictures). In this case, it is used figurative memory. It happens different types: visual, auditory, motor-motor, gustatory, tactile, olfactory, emotional.
• Mnemonic memorization techniques (to facilitate memorization).

There are also short-term, long-term, operational, and intermediate memory. Any information first enters short-term memory, which ensures that information presented once is remembered for a short time(5-7 minutes), after which the information can be forgotten completely or go into long-term memory, but subject to repetition 1-2 times.

Short-term memory (KP) limited in volume, with a single presentation and CP, an average of 7 ± 2 units of information are placed. This is a magic formula for human memory, i.e., on average, at one time a person can remember from 5 to 9 layers, figures, figures, figures, pictures, etc., and the main thing is to ensure that these “elements” are more information-rich for grouping, combining numbers, layers into a single holistic “image”. The capacity of short-term memory varies from person to person. Using it, you can predict the success of training using the formula: OKP/2 + 1 = predicted educational grade.

Long-term memory (DP) ensures long-term storage of information.

It comes in two types:

1. DP with conscious access (i.e. a person can voluntarily extract and remember the necessary information).
2. DP is closed (a person in natural conditions does not have access to it, but only through hypnosis, when irritating parts of the brain, can he gain access to it and update in all details images, experiences, pictures of his whole life).

RAM manifests itself in the course of performing and servicing a certain activity, which occurs due to the preservation of information coming from both the CP and the DP necessary to perform the actions.

Intermediate memory ensures storage of information for several hours. It accumulates during the day, and the body uses the time of sleep at night to clear intermediate memory, categorize information received over the past day, and transfer it to long-term memory. After sleep, intermediate memory is again ready to receive new information. In a person who sleeps less than 3 hours a day, intermediate memory does not have time to be cleared, as a result, the performance of mental and computational operations is disrupted, attention and short-term memory decrease, and errors appear in speech and actions.

Long-term memory with conscious access is characterized by a pattern of forgetting: everything unnecessary, secondary, as well as a certain percentage of necessary information is forgotten. To reduce forgetting, it is necessary to perform a number of operations. Firstly, understand, comprehend the information (mechanically learned, but not fully understood, it is forgotten quickly and almost completely - forgetting curve Ia (Fig. 3.21). Secondly, repeat the information (the first repetition is necessary 40 minutes after memorization, since after an hour only 50% of the mechanically memorized information remains in the memory). 2, from the third to the seventh - one repetition, after that one repetition at an interval of 7-10 days. Remember that 30 repetitions within a month are more effective than 100 repetitions per day. Therefore, systematic, without overload, studying in small portions. over the course of a semester with periodic repetitions every 10 days is much more effective than concentrated memorization of a large amount of information in a short session, causing mental and mental overload and leading to almost complete forgetting of information a week after the session.

Forgetting largely depends on the nature of the activity immediately preceding and following memorization. The negative impact of the first was called proactive braking, and second - retroactive inhibition. It is especially pronounced in cases where, following memorization, an activity similar to it is performed or if it requires significant effort.

Reproduction forms:

• recognition- a manifestation of memory that occurs when an object is re-perceived;
• memory, which occurs in the absence of perception of the object;
• recollection, which represents the most active form reproduction, which largely depends on the clarity of the tasks assigned, on the degree of logical ordering of the information remembered and stored in the DP;
• reminiscence- delayed reproduction of previously perceived, seemingly forgotten;
• eidetism is a visual memory that retains a vivid image for a long time with all the details of what was perceived.

To make memorization easier, you can resort to mnemonic techniques.

Among them:

1. Formation of semantic phrases from the initial letters of memorized information (“Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits” - about the sequence of colors in the spectrum: red, orange, etc.).
2. Rhythmization- translation of information into poems, songs, lines connected by a certain rhythm or rhyme.
3. Memorizing long terms using consonant words (for example, for foreign terms they look for Russian words that sound similar; so, in order to remember the medical concepts of “supination” and “pronation”, they use the consonant humorous phrase “carried and spilled soup”).
4. Finding bright, unusual images, pictures that “ linking method"connected with information that needs to be remembered. For example, we need to remember a set of words: pencil, glasses, chandelier, chair, star, beetle. This is easy to do if you imagine them as “characters” of a bright, fantastic cartoon, where a slender dandy in “glasses” - a “pencil” - approaches a plump lady, a “chandelier”, at which a “chair” looks playfully, on whose upholstery sparkles “ stars". It is difficult to forget or confuse such an invented cartoon. To increase the efficiency of memorization using this method, you should greatly distort the proportions (a huge “bug”); imagine objects in active action (“pencil” is suitable); increase the number of items (hundreds of “stars”); swap the functions of objects (“chair” to “chandelier”). Try to memorize a list of words in this way, spending 3 seconds on each: grass, house, peacock, dress, glasses, paperclip, nail, glue. Managed?
5. Visualization method: figuratively, in various details, mentally imagine (“see”) the memorized information.
6. Cicero's method. Imagine walking around your room, where everything is familiar to you. Place the information you need to remember in your mind as you move around the room. You will be able to remember everything again by imagining your room - everything will be in the places where you placed it during the previous “walk-through”.
7. When memorizing figures and numbers, you can use the following techniques:
   • identify the arithmetic relationship between groups of digits in a number: for example, in the phone number 358954 the relationship is 89 = 35 + 54; highlight familiar numbers: for example, in the number 859314, select 85 - the year of birth of your brother, 314 - the first digits of the number “pi”, etc.;
   • « hook method» - replacing numbers with images: for example, 0 - circle, 1 - pencil, 2 - glasses, 3 - chandelier, 4 - chair, 5 - star, 6 - beetle, 7 - week, 8 - spider, etc. Can be replaced numbers letters and words. For example, replacing the numbers 1,2,3,8 with the last consonant letters in the names of these numbers: 1 - one - H, 2 - two - B, 3 - three - R. And replace the numbers 4,5,6,7,9 with the initial ones consonants in their name: 4 - Ch, 5 - P, 6 - Sh, 7 - S, 9 - D.
   • Replacement with words: 0 - L (iL), 1 - N (Noah), 2 -V (Howl), 3 - R (aRiya), 4 - Ch (oChi), 5 - P (Pa), 6 - Sh (uShi), 7 - S (usy), 8 - M (yama), 9 - D (yaD), 10 - NiL, 11 - NeoN, 12 - NiVa, 13 - NoRa, 14 - Night, 15 - aNaPa, 16 -NiSha, 17 - NoS, 18 - NeMoy, 19 - ANoD, 20 - Vol, 21 - ViNo, 22 - Vi-Va, 23 - VaR, 35 - RePa... 44 - ChaCha... 56 - PaSha... 67 - iShiaS... 78 -SoM... 84 - Ball... 93 - DaR... 99 - Soul, 100 - Na-LiL, etc. For example, if you need to remember the phone number 9486138, then 94 - DaCha, 86 - Mysha, 13 - NoRa, 8 - Yama. The image “at the dacha a mouse made a hole and a pit” is easy to remember - you won’t confuse this number. 8. The method of training visual memory is the Aivazovsky method. Look at an object, or landscape, or at a person for 3 seconds, trying to remember the details, and then close your eyes and mentally imagine this object in detail; ask yourself questions about the details of this image, then open your eyes for 1 s, complete the image, close your eyes and try to achieve the most vivid image of the object. Repeat this several times.

They also try to influence memory processes using pharmacological and physical methods.

Rice. 3.22.

Many scientists believe that searches in the field of memory management should be aimed at creating biologically active compounds - substances that affect changes in cell proteins (from protoplasm to soma), learning processes (such as caffeine, biogenic amines), short-term or long-term memory (substances that inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis, affect protein metabolism, etc.), creation and formation of engrams.

Nowadays, the study of pharmacological agents that affect memory is proceeding at a rapid pace. It has been established that the long-known hormones of the pituitary gland can serve as its stimulants. “Short” chains of amino acids - peptides, especially vasopressin and corticotropin, significantly improve short-term and long-term memory.

According to the hypothesis about physical structure memory, it is based on the spatiotemporal pattern of bioelectrical activity of nervous populations - discrete and electrotonic. Therefore, to manage memory, it is more adequate to influence the brain and its subsystems by electrical and electromagnetic methods. Success can be achieved due to the influence of physical factors - electrical and acoustic.

All this speaks to the real possibility of managing memory.

To summarize, we emphasize that memory ensures the integrity and development of a person’s personality and occupies a central position in the system of cognitive activity.

Using memory development methods, you will significantly improve your mental functions and change your life for the better!

I don’t know about you, but for me recently it was a real discovery that one of the main components successful studies, work, is a good memory.

No, just think how much easier life is for those who easily remember new information and are able to retain it in their heads for a long time.

Alas, some people have such a gift by nature, while others need to learn memory development methods to demonstrate similar results.

But the main thing is that we can all gain the ability to easily remember new information.

What is memory and what basic elements does it consist of?

The first thing you must understand is that memory is not some special gift that was given to some by higher powers and not to others.

Everything is much simpler: memory is a type of mental activity, the main purpose of which is the preservation, accumulation and reproduction of information.

And since this is a type of mental activity, it means that any person can master it and all that needs to be done is to develop one’s mental abilities.

Memory consists of 4 main elements:

Memorization.

You take in new information and record it on your brain's hard drive.

Memorization is perhaps the most important process and it is this element that those who want to work most often work on.

Storage.

If you remember information and immediately forget it, then it will be of little use.

It is important to work to ensure that the data is stored in perfect condition in your head so that you can use it at the right time.

Playback.

Very often this element is called memories, although this is not an entirely correct definition.

Some information is stored in your head, at the right moment you extract it from the bins and use it for its intended purpose.

Forgetting.

Alas, it is impossible to do without this element of the described type of mental activity.

Those data that you rarely use are first stuffed into the farthest corners, and then completely disappear as unnecessary.

Often this data can be revived if you “refresh” the data, but sometimes it will sink into oblivion if you never use it.

Household methods for memory development

Often we train our memory without even noticing it.

For example:

• going over in our memory what we need to buy in the store because we are too lazy to make a list or simply don’t want to bother with it;
• trying to remember more names when finding yourself in a new company or in a new work team;
• retelling to someone the content of a book or film that particularly impressed us;
• remembering brands of clothing or cosmetics in order to appear knowledgeable in front of friends;
• mastering the knowledge that relates to our work in order to make a career, etc.

And such examples can be given as many as you like.

Memorizing new information that concerns our everyday life is one of the most popular and effective methods of developing the ability to remember.

Try to make fewer lists, such as purchases, for example, and if you do, it’s only to be on the safe side and make sure that you remember everything correctly.

Right now I’m writing this article and remembering my classmate Olya, who amazed both us and the teachers with her excellent memory, absorbing information on the fly.

She taught all the poems that we were asked to memorize from Ukrainian and foreign literature during the break before class.

Olya, laughing, said that she was simply too lazy to spend time on this at home.

But now I think that in this way the girl subconsciously or consciously invented her own method of developing memory.

Memory can and should be developed at any age.

It is important to use all methods for this.

And also stick to useful tips psychologists:

Give up bad habits such as cigarettes and alcohol.

All this crap kills brain cells.

1. Spend at least an hour a day on fresh air so that your cells receive enough oxygen.

Play sports.

This will improve blood circulation and activate brain processes.

Get enough sleep.

Yes, those same 8 hours that I so often mention in articles.

Without them, your memory simply will not be able to work at full capacity, and your brain will not have time to rest and recover.

Eat right.

It will be much more difficult for you to remember new information if your body lacks phosphoric acid and calcium salts.

You can get them along with hard cheese, fermented milk products, eggs, nuts, liver, chicken and veal, fatty fish, vegetables, fruits and herbs.

Methods for developing visual memory

Most people remember visual images better than auditory, tactile or aromatic ones.

Therefore, it is necessary to train the type of mental activity we are talking about by memorizing visual images.

The most effective methods for developing visual memory:

Methods for developing auditory memory

Auditory memory is no less important than visual memory.

Heard information is stored on the “hard drive” of the brain for a longer period than information seen.

Three most effective methods development of auditory memory:

To train your auditory memory, try reading books out loud.

If you devote at least 10 minutes to such reading every day, then very soon you will perceive information by ear much better.

Learn poetry.

It was not by chance that I told you the story about my classmate Olga, since memorizing poems and then playing them out loud is an excellent method of developing memory.

Start by memorizing a short poem (2-3 stanzas) every week, gradually move on to longer poetry, and then to short poems.

Explain to yourself and other people what you want to remember yourself, for example, when training a new employee.

Most often, this method is used to develop auditory memory by teachers who are forced to repeatedly explain new material students.

We invite you to take a simple test:

How well developed is your auditory memory?

Turn on the video:

As you can see, using such simple and free memory development methods, you can significantly improve your mental functions, and in general, change your life for the better.

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A brief excursion into the device and main types human memory. Recommendations on how to develop memory: exercises, trainings and expert advice.

Memory is one of the functions of the psyche, which is to consolidate, store and subsequently reproduce data, experiences and sensations.

How our memory works

Human perception has auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels of perception: hearing, vision and touch.

Information through these channels enters the hippocampus, a paired part of the brain system located deep in the temporal lobes, and is stored there (some turns into long-term memory, some is not forgotten).

Complain about bad memory usually starts after 40 years of age. However, it does not get worse; the memory is “detrained,” so to speak.

In addition, the following factors provoke a person’s poor memory:

• drinking alcohol, smoking;
• information overload;
• poor nutrition;
• lack of oxygen in the blood;
• depression, anxiety and stress;
• lack of sleep;
• a symptom of an approaching disease (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease).

Human capabilities constantly amaze with their diversity. For example, absolute memory, whose owners remember own life down to the smallest details.

It extends not only to names and numbers - such people can quote books verbatim and remember everything memorable dates relatives and even their phone numbers.

Kinds

1. Visual-figurative memory– imprinting the material in the first signal, in the form of visual, tactile, auditory and other representations. Within its framework, there is eidetic memory - a type of visual memory, characterized by the ability to accurately, clearly and in detail, easily remember and then restore pictures of what was seen over a fairly long period.
2. Verbal-logical or semantic- remembering thoughts expressed in words that reflect the essence of phenomena.
3. Motor– its content is contained in the muscular-motor images of learned body movements (size, shape, speed, amplitude, etc.)
4. Emotional- past emotional states.
5. Musical- This quick memorization a piece of music and the ability to reproduce it as accurately as possible even after a long time after learning it.

How to develop memory

We remember what we notice, but we notice only if we are attentive. That is, your attention should be trained.

To develop good memory, even simple ones will do game exercises. The brain quickly focuses on details and gets used to dynamic work in different situations.

Combination of different memory types

Teachers who complain about the short memory of poor students who do not learn poems would like to recommend forcing students to say them out loud and do push-ups. Children will begin to memorize verses simultaneously with muscle efforts and movements, which will help even years later to remember these verses when doing push-ups.

Many children are taught the multiplication table by being forced to copy it and recite it to themselves.

Remembering in parts

The essence of the method is to organize information “on shelves”: the text should be compiled into a synopsis, words should be divided into groups, formulas should be learned along with examples.

It is also important to simultaneously resolve the issues that arise, since by independently obtaining what we need, we assimilate it better. You are more likely to learn a line if it contains an unfamiliar word you looked up in the dictionary.

Repetition is the mother of learning

This option will do people with developed visual memory, and poor hearing. They told you a phone number, but you don’t have the opportunity to write it down. While taking dictation, mentally imagine a handset and dial a number on it. Repeat again and again, saying the number out loud to a friend. Even after a couple of hours you will remember everything.

Practicing this exercise will each time have a positive effect on the development of your memory.

New knowledge and discoveries

Studying students who attend lectures have excellent memory without realizing it. If information is absorbed effortlessly and on a subconscious level, it tends to be stored longer.

On the eve of the session, the student worries that he does not know the material, but he answers difficult questions from his classmates and understands that if he needs to refresh his memory a little, he is ready for the exam. This happens because when taking notes, we delve into the information, but do not think about memorizing.

By developing professionally, learning foreign languages ​​and listening to the news, you remember, and, therefore, improve your memory.

Self-organization

We cannot commit something to memory without understanding what to remember and when. It is necessary to systematize not only the material, but also yourself. Get a diary, a personal schedule, try to do everything on time, remember your loved ones who haven’t called for a long time.

Training and Exercises

Phenomenal memory is no longer a myth. Practice will help you develop supermemory! By paying at least 30 minutes of attention to special techniques every week, you will soon notice results.

Memory, including photographic memory, is the ability to remember information. It will require training to develop. It is best to try to remember any picture in detail in 5-10 seconds. Then mentally reproduce her image for comparison with the original.

If there is a need to improve certain types of memory, you can familiarize yourself with exercises that develop memory according to its types.

For long term

Try to recall in your memory the events that happened to you at the age of 12-15 years. More details - events, emotions, etc. Once you are done with this period, recall memories that relate to your 8-11 years, and then 4-7 years.

You will probably be able to remember events from your early childhood and may even be surprised at the quality and quantity of your teenage and childhood memories.

For short term

Try to remember ten little things that are on your employee’s desk or a dozen products on a store shelf. You can remember the little things lying in your desk drawer.

For visual

Throughout the day, look at the visitor, then close your eyes and remember his appearance and clothes. Scroll through news reports in your thoughts, recreate colorful stories in your head. Photos, pictures and posters will also be an excellent tool for on-the-run exercises.

For auditory

If circumstances permit, read aloud, pronouncing all the words expressively, and then retell the text. Learn the poems you like. Try to recognize by the sound of footsteps who is about to enter the office.

• fruits: oranges, peaches;
• groceries: salt, flour;
• dairy products: yogurt, cheese;
• For bathroom: toothpaste, shower gel.

The most important thing is consistency. All exercises that you have chosen to develop memory must be repeated throughout the day at least 6 times for 1.5-2 months. If the results are satisfactory, you can be proud of yourself, and if you want to achieve more, start training again.

Video: Mnemonics