What children need to eat. Dairy and fermented milk products. What a child can and cannot eat in a year

It seems to parents (and even more so to the older generation, i.e. grandmothers) that the child constantly eats poorly, likes the wrong foods, etc. As a result, kitchen wars regularly arise. Children refuse to eat certain foods and dishes, parents insist. In addition, people often try to feed their child simply not according to his age. AiF.ru told about at what age what foods should be given to a child and whether he should be forced pediatrician Tatyana Butskaya.

Child up to six months

The best food for a baby in the first six months of life is breast milk. It provides the baby with everything necessary, even water, so there is no need to supplement the child's food. However, if for some reason the mother does not have milk, it does not matter. Now there are a huge number of formulas on the baby food market. There are dairy (cow's or goat's milk) and dairy-free (soy, almond) products that are most adapted to breast milk or partially, basic, preventive and therapeutic, as well as fresh and sour, dry and liquid.

If there is a need for the mixture, you should consult your pediatrician. He will recommend the optimal product taking into account age and individual characteristics crumbs.

Important to remember:

• Cow and goat milk cannot be an alternative human milk or an adapted mixture. High fat content and an overload of heavy proteins (cow's milk contains more than 20 proteins) can lead to gastrointestinal problems, metabolic disorders, obesity, anemia, diabetes mellitus and vitamin deficiency.
• Don't rush to introduce your child to new foods. Experts consider the introduction of complementary feeding at 4 or even 3 months (as our mothers and grandmothers did) to be premature. The baby's digestive system is not ready yet! The World Health Organization believes that you should start feeding your baby when he is six months old.

From 6 months to 1 year

As the baby grows, it needs complementary feeding. If the baby is underweight, it is advisable to start expanding the diet with gluten-free cereals (rice, buckwheat, corn). If your baby has problems with bowel movements, it is better to give preference to vegetables (zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower). Complementary foods should be introduced very carefully: if allergic reaction the new product must be excluded from the menu.

• Vegetables and gluten-free cereals are recommended to be introduced at 6 months;
• Meat - at 7-9 months;
• Kefir, cottage cheese, yolk - at 8 months;
• Juices and cereals containing gluten (oatmeal, wheat, semolina) - at 9 months;
• Fish - at 11-12 months;
• Milk - at 12 months and later (after 3 years).

Child from 1 to 2 years old

At this age, a child’s diet must include cereals, legumes, meat, fish, dairy products, eggs, butter and vegetable oils, bread, as well as fruits and vegetables. Butter buns, crackers, custard pies, waffles and other products that contain margarine and baking powder are not recommended on the menu for children under 2 years of age. All of them seriously overload the gastrointestinal tract.

Child from 2 to 3 years old

Until the child turns 3 years old, it is recommended to exclude from his menu:

• Sausages and frankfurters (they contain a lot of additives, salt and fat, and less than half the meat itself);
• Glazed cheese curds (they contain excess amounts of fat and sugar);
• Seafood (shrimp, crab, squid are fraught with allergies);
• Chocolate and cocoa (can overload the child’s gastrointestinal tract, provoke allergies, and lead to overstimulation of the child’s nervous system);
• Rich meat broths, gelatin and hot spices.

Make sure your baby develops good eating habits:

• Follow the regime (to work up an appetite, you need a break of about 4 hours between meals);
• Don't give your baby snacks;
• Do not overfeed your child (it is overeating in the vast majority of cases that causes obesity and development concomitant diseases);
• Don't feed your baby in front of the TV. While watching cartoons, children eat well, but the mechanism for producing gastric juice changes. Normally, it should be released before food, and not after it has already entered the stomach.

Child over 3 years old

There are fewer and fewer restrictions at this age, but they should exist.

• Children's breakfast cereals contain a lot of sugar! They have a lot of calories, but they are not filling. Experts advise giving up or at least postponing breakfast cereals for at least 5-6 years.
• Mushrooms are allowed only after 7 years. They are very difficult to digest. The same can be said about lard.
• As for mayonnaise, ketchup, marinades, smoked meats, and carbonated drinks, it is believed that they can be given after 7 years. But health food advocates do not recommend feeding them to children. These products irritate the delicate gastric mucosa and can cause gastritis and a host of other troubles.

You shouldn't stuff your baby. After all, this can negatively affect both the physical and moral side of the child. The baby may develop a dislike for food, and in many cases, force-feeding leads to excess weight. It is better to think through the menu taking into account the baby’s taste preferences and try to make children’s dishes brighter, more colorful and interesting, so that the child has a desire to try them on his own.

The age of 3–5 years is characterized by improved development of the brain, all organs and systems of the body. Physical development of the child in preschool age has uneven periods of weight gain and growth. This is the age when a child can be given all foods. The child’s consciousness is developed, he is easy to learn and wants to be more like adults, so you should begin to establish a culture of behavior at the table.

Interesting to know! Based on the results of a quick survey of parents whose children attend kindergartens, the following data is available:

• 30% of children have complaints about the functioning of the digestive system;
• Only 80% of families use iodized salt;
• Daily consumption of milk and fermented milk products was noted in 27.5% of children; fish – 3.2%; meat and meat products – 33%; but the daily consumption of confectionery and bakery products is 80%!

Requirements of children 3–5 years old for basic nutrients

Protein in children's diet cannot be replaced by any other food component. With its participation, the most important functions of the body are carried out: growth, metabolism, muscle and brain function. The need for protein is satisfied through dishes made from meat, fish, milk and eggs. Excess protein in the diet causes disorders of the digestive system and excretory function of the kidneys. For meat, it is better to eat beef, turkey and chicken, and rabbit. It is better to cook fish fresh; it is more beneficial when eaten at sea.

Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive protein:

• Meat – 100–140 g,
• Fish – 50–100 g,
• Egg – 1/2–1 pcs.,
• Milk (including expenses for cooking) and kefir – 600 ml,
• Cottage cheese – 50 g,
• Hard cheese and sour cream – 10–15 g each.

Carbohydrates play an equally important role in the body - they are the main source of energy. To replenish the body in carbohydrates, you need to eat vegetables, fruits, and cereals. If the intake of carbohydrates is insufficient, the body can use proteins for energy needs, which will lead to protein deficiency. In turn, excess carbohydrates can lead to obesity, flatulence, hypovitaminosis, and water retention in the body.

Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive carbohydrates:

• Cereals, legumes, pasta – 60 g,
• Flour – 30 g,
• Vegetables – 300 g (don’t forget to give your children turnips, radishes, garlic, green salad),
• Potatoes – 150–200 g,
• Fruits and berries – 200 g,
• Dried fruits – 15 g,
• Bread – 80–100 g,
• Sugar (taking into account it in the composition of confectionery products) – 60–70 g,
• Tea (infusion) – 0.2 g.

The third important component is fats. Their role for the body cannot be overestimated: they are a source of energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and perform a protein-saving function. , because they have a high calorie content and easily disrupt the functioning of the digestive system.

Approximately per day, a child 3–5 years old should receive fat:

• Vegetable oil – up to 30 g,
• Butter – up to 10 g.

Micro-, macroelements and vitamins have no nutritional value for the body, but are extremely necessary for the structure of bones and teeth, the immune system, for skin health, eyes, metabolic processes, osmotic pressure, and acid-base status. Therefore, you need to drink mineral water, eat a varied diet, eat vegetables and fruits every day, and be sure to add dill, parsley, onions and celery to your salads.

Diet

Proper nutrition ensures good digestion, optimal use of food by the body, strengthens the nervous system and improves immunity.

If the regime is followed conscientiously, the digestive organs work normally, conditioned food reflexes have time to develop, appetite increases, and digestive juices are secreted. Strict adherence to a diet contributes to the efficient use of food, strengthens the nervous and immune systems of the body.

Eating hot food – 3 times a day.

The optimal interval between meals is 3.5–4 hours (during this time, food is digested in the stomach and only then enters the intestines). Maximum breaks (in extreme cases) should not exceed 6 hours.

A five-time feeding schedule (breakfast - 8:00, second breakfast - 10:30, lunch - 12:00, afternoon snack - 15:30 and dinner - 19:00) is welcome.

It is advisable to eat at the same time so that deviations do not exceed 15–30 minutes.

Avoid eating sweets between feedings.

The daily weight of food for a child at three years old should be 1500 g, at 4 years old - 1700 g, at 5 years old - up to 2000 g.

A single meal for a child at three years old should not exceed 400 g, at 4 years old - 500 g and at 5 years old - 600 g, respectively.

Caloric intake: requirement child's body in energy at three years is 1550 kcal, from four to five years - 1950 kcal per day. The daily calorie content should correspond to the given figures and be distributed as follows: breakfast - 25%, lunch - 35-40%, afternoon snack - 10-15%, dinner - 25% of the daily calorie content.

Basic principles of menu design

• It is considered unacceptable when the daily menu contains two porridges plus a cereal side dish for the second. It is advisable to serve two vegetable and one cereal dishes during the day. If you have vegetable soup for lunch, then serve cereal porridge or pasta as a side dish for the second course. If the soup is cereal, then vegetables should be a side dish for the second course.
• It is undesirable to combine protein-rich foods with fats, otherwise they linger longer in the stomach and require large quantity digestive juices. It is recommended that protein-rich dishes containing meat, fish, eggs be given in the first half of the day - for breakfast and lunch.
• During lunch, the child must eat soup, because substances in vegetable or meat broths stimulate the stomach receptors, and this increases appetite and improves digestion processes. You should prepare fresh soup every day and do not offer it to your child too hot or cold. The choice of first courses for children 3–5 years old has no special restrictions: broths, broth soups with the addition of vegetables, cereals, dumplings, dumplings, vegetarian and milk soups. Give 150–180 ml per serving to a three-year-old child, and 180–200 ml per serving to a four- to five-year-old child.
• As second courses for lunch, cutlets, meatballs, stewed vegetables with meat, fish, and poultry should be offered; porridge, pasta, vegetables as a side dish.
• For lunch, the child should definitely eat a salad, preferably made from raw vegetables; you can also add greens to them.
• For dinner, the child should be given easily digestible food, since at night the digestive processes are inactive. Dairy-vegetable foods are suitable.
• It is recommended to draw up a menu for the week in advance, taking into account the products that the child needs daily, and he can receive some of them 2-3 times a week. What should be given daily: the entire daily allowance of milk, butter and vegetable oil, sugar, bread, meat, cereals, vegetables, fruits, fresh parsley, dill and spinach, onions (green and onions). It is advisable to offer fish twice a week; eggs, cottage cheese, cheese and sour cream can not be given to the child every day, but within 10 days the amount of these products should be provided in full for the age norm.
• It is advisable to repeat dishes no more than once every three days, i.e. if today the child ate mashed potatoes, fish and beetroot salad, then these products will not be offered for the next two days.
• The amount of food per meal should correspond to the child’s age; you should not increase it, as this contributes to a decrease in appetite and leads to disruption of the normal functioning of the digestive organs.
• Consumption of bread and cereals can be slightly increased in the cold season and reduced in summer period. Viscous porridges should be replaced with crumbly ones. The most valuable cereals are buckwheat and oatmeal, which contain proteins and minerals important for the development of a child.
• As for drinks, you can do anything: fresh juices, compotes of fresh and dried fruits, canned fruit or vegetable juices for baby food, drinking water containing selenium and iodine. From hot drinks, parents can offer weak tea, compote, jelly, surrogates with a similar taste; cocoa can be given once or twice a week. It is advisable to dilute tea, coffee and cocoa with milk.
• Honey, homemade jam, marshmallows, dark chocolate, marshmallows and marmalade are recommended as sweets.

Additives that may cause allergic reactions:

• Preservatives E200, 203, 210–227, 230, 231, 232, 239, 249–252.
• Antioxidants: E310–313, 320, 321.
• Dyes: E102, 107, 110, 122, 124, 151.
• Flavor and aroma enhancer: E620–629.

Sample menu diagram:

1. Milk porridge – 200 g,
2. Drink with milk – 100/50 ml,
3. White bread with butter 30/5 g or cookies 30 g.

1. Milk soup or meat broth – 150–180 ml,
2. Fish/meat – 70–100 g,
3. Garnish – 80 g,
4. Vegetable salad – 50 g,
5. Drink – 150 ml,
6. Black bread – 20 g.

1. Milk, kefir – 150 ml,
2. Fresh fruit (1/2) or berries – 100 g.

1. Stewed vegetables – 200 g or cottage cheese dish – 100 g,
2. Kefir – 150 ml,
3. White bread/cookies/curd cheese – 30 g.

Norms for height and weight gain

Age	Girls		Boys
	Height/cm	Weight, kg	Height/cm	Weight, kg
3 years	93,0–98,1	13,3–15,5	92,3–99,8	13,8–16,0
3.5 years	95,6–101,4	14,0–16,4	95,0–102,5	14,3–16,8
4 years	98,5–104	14,8–17,6	98,3–105,5	15,1–17,8
4.5 years	101,5–107,4	15,8–18,5	101,2–108,6	15,9–18,8
5 years	104,7–110,7	16,6–19,7	104,4–112,0	16,8–20,0
5.5 years	108,0–114,3	17,7–21,1	107,8–115,1	17,7–21,3

Measures for organizing safe nutrition for children

1. Teach your child to wash their hands correctly and keep them clean before eating.
2. It is advisable to use drinking bottled water for cooking; Water from a well, spring, or tap must be boiled first.
3. Wash vegetables and fruits under running water and pour boiling water over them.
4. Observe the terms and conditions of storage of products.
5. There should be separate knives and cutting boards for raw and cooked foods.
6. Do not allow foods that have undergone heat treatment and those that have not undergone heat treatment to come into contact. Keep the kitchen clean.

When does lack of appetite indicate illness?

If a child refuses to eat in calm and friendly conditions, and does not satisfy his hunger with sweets, cookies, sandwiches, this is a reason to seek help from a doctor to find out the reasons (stomach diseases, nervous stress).

Nutrition for the prevention of stomach diseases

• The first and inalienable rule is compliance with the norms and regimen of proper nutrition;
• Exclusion of low-quality and expired products (you should especially look closely at dairy and meat products);
• Limited use of spicy seasonings;
• Limiting the consumption of indigestible, rough and poorly tolerated foods.

Nutrition for caries prevention

• Eliminate the main provoking factor - drinking sweet drinks at night: tea, compote;
• Exclude sugar-containing foods, sour fruits and juices from evening and night meals;
• Instead of candies that injure tooth enamel, offer your child marmalade and marshmallows;
• Drink juice through a straw to avoid acid contact with tooth enamel;
• Teach your child to rinse his mouth with water after eating sweet and sour foods;
• Consume calcium-rich foods such as milk, cottage cheese, yogurt. Calcium is better absorbed in combination with vitamin D, so you should definitely eat fish and take walks in the sun;
• Drink fluoridated drinking water.

Nutrition to strengthen the child’s immunity in kindergarten

Transition of a child to education in children's team preschool institutions always accompanied by psychological difficulties, while appetite may decrease, insomnia and neurotic reactions may appear, and the body’s overall resistance to infectious diseases. Proper nutrition will help cope with these problems. It is necessary to bring home-cooked food closer to what you get in kindergarten, especially if there are dishes that earlier child never ate.

To prevent seasonal colds pay attention to the content of vitamins in food, using fortified fresh foods and drinking vitamin preparations in courses. The child must eat meat, since protein is the structural material of the immune system. You can drink decoctions of rose hips, mint, linden, and viburnum in courses of 2-3 weeks; teas and drinks with ginger with the addition of lemon and a spoon of honey are especially useful.

Get your child used to onions and garlic: they contain phytoncides - substances with powerful antiviral and antimicrobial properties. And don’t forget to eat foods rich in iron.

5 ways to hide meat in food

1. It's best to disguise the meat dish with a good dollop or two of sour cream or white sauce.
2. In dumplings, add a bun or white bread to the meat filling, say that they are with bread.
3. Add meat, ground in a blender, to a stew of sweet vegetables.
4. Cook with your child, because some children really love to eat homemade food.
5. Mix different types of meat in a 1:1 ratio, for example, beef with rabbit or chicken.

Teach children to eat silently, use a napkin, pull a chair behind them when leaving the table, and thank adults. Maintaining a good appetite at the age of 3–5 years, nurturing the child’s habit of eating at a certain time, and mastering cultural and hygienic skills is excellent preparation for school.

A child aged 9 years is a primary school student with a fairly in an active way life. Loads in physical education lessons, age-appropriate mobility, classes in sports sections require significant energy expenditure.

On the other hand, in order to assimilate the daily flow of new information, it is necessary good memory, concentration, low fatigue and emotional comfort. And if you consider that in a year a child will grow by 5-7 cm and gain about 2 kg in weight, then adequate nutrition in his life becomes even more important.

Before deciding on a diet, you should familiarize yourself with the nutritional norms and rules established for children 9 years old.

1. Primary schoolchildren should receive about 2400 kcal from food daily. This corresponds to the body’s daily energy expenditure for physical activity, functioning of organs and systems, growth and emotional stress.
2. The optimal frequency of meals for a 9-year-old child is 4 times a day, with protein foods reserved for the first half of the day. To assimilate them, additional energy will be required, which the child actively expends at this time.
3. The amount of food distributed throughout the day is uneven. For breakfast and dinner - 25% each, for lunch - 35%, and a light afternoon snack will get only 15% of the daily food intake.
4. The intervals between meals should not exceed 4 hours, and meal times should correspond to the established regime with an error of no more than half an hour.
5. The daily amount of food, depending on the child’s temperament and constitution, ranges from 2000 to 2200 ml.
6. Nutrition for a primary school student should be varied so that he receives all the nutrients he needs at his age. A short and constant list of dishes on the children's menu causes a decrease in the child's appetite and inhibits the production of digestive juices.
7. The best types of culinary food processing for children 9 years old are: steaming, boiling and stewing. Meat, fish and vegetable products baked in the oven are not excluded.

BZHU - which ones and how many

Proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be supplied in a ratio of 1:1:4. During the day, a 9-year-old schoolchild should receive 80 g of protein, 80 g of fat and 320 g of carbohydrates.

Squirrels

Protein actively participates in all metabolic processes and contributes to the normal growth and development of the child. Rich sources are animal products:

• meat – 140 g;
• fish – 40 g;
• 1 chicken egg;
• milk – 500 g.

Rich in plant proteins:

• asparagus;
• cauliflower;
• oats;
• buckwheat;
• nuts.

Protein foods are better absorbed in combination with vegetable dishes.

The daily requirement at the age of 9 years includes 48 g of animal proteins and 32 g of plant proteins.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the main sources of energy. Meals should include foods with “healthy” carbohydrates - whole grains, milk, cheeses, fresh fruits and vegetables. A child also needs regular, “wrong” sugar. Its quantity is limited to 50 g.

Fats

Fats are important suppliers of energy for a growing body. The diet must contain animal fat, represented by high-quality butter (25 g) and sour cream (15 g). Porridge is seasoned with butter, and soups, salads, omelettes and casseroles are seasoned with sour cream.

Vegetable fats (sunflower, corn, olive oil) are needed in the amount of 25 g per day in various salads.

Nutrition at 9 years old requires the mandatory presence in the diet of vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals and fiber. There should be at least 275 g of them in the daily diet of primary schoolchildren.

Breakfast

The right breakfast for a modern schoolchild is a nutritious, small-sized, fresh and hot dish with minimal time spent on its preparation.

A quick breakfast of oatmeal or muesli with milk, cottage cheese casserole or omelet with milk are low in easily digestible carbohydrates. While they fill the child’s need for proteins and vitamins, they do not contribute to growth excess weight. A schoolchild aged 9 can be offered milk tea, freshly prepared juice or yogurt.

If you have no appetite in the morning

“It’s an easy fairy tale to tell” – these are the thoughts that arise in parents whose children refuse to eat their morning meal. It seems that we have theoretically savvy and practically given our all, but there is no point - the child goes to school hungry. What to do? Find the reason for the refusal. Pediatricians have some advice on this matter.

• The child is not physiologically ready to eat if he has not joined the working rhythm of the day. It is inactive, which means digestive system does not produce gastric juice and does not “turn on” the feeling of hunger. A few simple exercises (squats, bends and jumps) will improve the situation. Morning five-minute exercises, washing with contrasting temperature water, good lighting at the dining table, bright dishes and beautifully decorated dishes do an excellent job of coping with this problem.
• The lack of composure among younger schoolchildren is understandable. Small shoulders bear not only heavy backpacks, but also the burden of responsibility for studying, a lot of school responsibilities and home conventions. The child gets tired in the evening and shifts some of the work to the morning. An unassembled briefcase, lost laces and bows take up the time needed for eating. The correct daily routine, to which parents will help the child adapt, will provide an opportunity to refresh himself before lessons.
• A 9-year-old child may show reluctance to eat a particular dish. You should not be forced to eat a portion. Change the menu. For example, oatmeal with milk can be offered in another form - oatmeal with butter and fruit and a glass of milk or yogurt. Culinary experiments will help you choose food that satisfies the nutritional value and taste of a primary school student.
• Outwardly healthy child I lost my morning appetite. The reason, of course, is not the home menu. If excluded functional disorders intestinal tract and helminthic infestation, you need to pay attention to your psychological mood before going to school. Perhaps something is not going well academically or in relationships with peers. Visit class teacher will help clarify the situation.

Dinner

For lunch, the child must have a first course made with meat or fish broth: borscht, soup, pickle soup, fish soup or cabbage soup.

The second course of meat or fish is complemented in the menu with a side dish of pasta or vegetable puree, stew. Meat and fish dishes are served stewed or baked: goulash, meatballs, meatballs, fish or meat cutlets and meatballs, boiled or baked fish fillets.

The presence of fresh vegetables and herbs in salads that are seasoned with vegetable oil is mandatory.

Compote of fresh fruits or dried fruits with a small amount of sugar is the third dish in the lunch ration.

Afternoon snack

A light afternoon snack has a minimal set of products and allows... Rich homemade cakes plus tea with sugar or honey are a great combination.

Dinner

Meals should be both satisfying and easy on the digestive tract. You should not overload your body with high-calorie foods before bed.

The best choice would be vegetable dishes, cottage cheese, lactic acid products, rye bread, eggs. For dinner, you can offer your child cauliflower in sour cream, cottage cheese casserole, tomatoes stuffed with eggs, fresh vegetable salad with sour cream, potato cutlets, compote of dried fruits or fresh apples.

Immediately before going to bed, it will be useful for a fidget to drink a glass of kefir.

School snacks

During school year The child should have a second breakfast. The school buffet as an alternative to homemade products is excluded. For snacking, select foods that retain their shape and attractive appearance when stored in a food container or film. A sandwich and a healthy drink will restore your strength during the big break, which usually happens after the second lesson.

The best option for a light snack in class is a sandwich with a piece of hard cheese, boiled or baked meat. Vegetables should be dense and not lose juice: pieces bell pepper, carrots or cucumber.

Sugar-free drinks: canteen mineral water without gas or chilled boiled.

Apple, pear, banana - an assortment of healthy fruits that quickly restore a student’s performance.

Taboo on food

• fatty meats and fish;
• smoked meats;
• sausages;
• semi-finished products;
• hot spices, seasonings, sauces and marinades;
• crackers and chips with food additives;
• margarine, including in baked goods;
• confectionery (cakes, pastries) with cream;
• carbonated drinks;
• lollipops and chewing gum;
• fast food dishes.

How to create a menu for one year old child. Features of feeding and diet.

How and what to feed a one-year-old baby? What diet should you follow and how to create a menu correctly? The article will answer all questions related to the nutrition of a one-year-old toddler.

What can you give a child per year?

• The baby is 12 months or 1 year old. This is an important and significant event for both the baby and the parents. The little man continues to grow, which means that for his proper development and health, a balanced and nutritious diet is required.
• Now is the time to review the child’s feeding regimen, the composition and quality of the dishes offered. By this time, the baby has already become acquainted with some “adult” foods, his first teeth have appeared, and he is becoming more and more active physically and mentally.

What foods can be given to a one-year-old baby?

Porridge remain the No. 1 product in the diet of a one-year-old child. It is a source of carbohydrates to replenish the energy reserves of a growing body, vegetable proteins, minerals and B vitamins.

In addition to your favorite buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, the menu can be supplemented with equally healthy porridges: corn and wheat. At this age, the dish can no longer be turned into puree-like porridge, but given well-cooked porridge.

They are boiled in milk and given to the baby for breakfast. If you are intolerant to milk protein, porridge should be cooked in water or vegetable broth.

Dairy and dairy products - the main component of nutrition for babies 1 year of age. And this is a source of protein, calcium, sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, necessary for the development of the child’s bone tissue and electrolyte balance in the body.

Per day a child aged 1 year should receive up to 200 ml kefir or before 300 ml yogurt. Should be used "live" yoghurts that have not undergone heat treatment. Such yoghurts are useful for maintaining normal baby’s intestinal microflora.

Cottage cheese can be used in pure form or dilute with a little yoghurt. Children love sweet cheesecakes, casseroles or cottage cheese puddings. Cottage cheese should be given in quantities up to 70 g per day or up to 140 g every two days.

Hard cheese can be alternated with cottage cheese. It is finely grated and used in casseroles or sprinkled on pasta.

Natural butter added to ready-made porridges or purees. It can be spread on bread in the form of a sandwich. Daily norm - up to 12 g.

IMPORTANT: Dairy products for babies must be manufactured according to standards for baby food and have appropriate labeling indicating the expiration date and storage rules for the product.

Bakery products as white bread give in quantity 100 g per day. Rye bread can cause fermentation processes in the baby's stomach.

Pasta can be included in the menu of a one-year-old child in the amount 25-30 g no more often 1-2 times a week.

Broths and soups- dishes that a child should be introduced to from the age of 1. Poultry or veal is cooked in weak broths made from lean sirloin meat, seasoned with vegetables, cereals, and pasta. Vegetable broths are an excellent base for children's borscht, soups with meat or fish meatballs, or pureed vegetable soups.

Vegetable and fruit puree is a must-have dish in a baby’s diet. It is a source of vitamins, microelements and other useful substances for a child. They prepare purees from various foods, the main thing is that the baby is not allergic to these products.

Sweet cherries, currants, apricots, cherries and other fruits and berries should be present on the child’s menu during the season. It is better to use “green vitamins” grown in your garden or locality.

It is better to grind berries and fruits with thick skin into puree, and peaches, kiwis, and apricots can be cut into small slices.

Beets, carrots, tomatoes, green peas and beans, broccoli are very good for vegetable puree for a baby.

IMPORTANT: Vegetables containing a large amount of fiber: beets, cabbage, legumes, etc. should be thoroughly boiled and ground to avoid intestinal colic and bloating in the child.

New fruits, berries and vegetables should be introduced gradually in small doses, monitoring how the child reacts to these foods. Fresh fruits and berries give the baby in quantity - 200-250 g per day.

Fresh juices, compotes, weak tea of fruits, berries and dried fruits are given to the child during lunch or afternoon snack in the amount of 100 ml per day.

Meat- an important source of protein food for growing toddlers. It is preferable to give your baby poultry, rabbit, and veal in the form of steamed cutlets, casseroles, and meatballs. Meat should be in a child’s daily diet in the amount 60-80 gper day.

Veal and chicken liver- a valuable nutritious product for little man. It contains iodine, zinc, iron, calcium, vitamin A, D, B-vitamins. You can diversify your baby’s diet by adding liver dishes to the menu. Pates, puddings, liver steamed pancakes, cream soup - tasty and healthy. Children quickly get used to food containing liver and love it.

Fish in quantity 40 g once or twice a week diversifies the child's diet. They make soups, steam cutlets, zrazy, or stew them into pieces of fillet.

Chicken eggs fresh give up to 3 pieces in Week. Steamed omelettes made from eggs and milk are well absorbed by the child's body and are loved by kids. Boiled egg yolk can be given separately during breakfast or dinner. Added eggs to cutlets, soufflés or cheesecakes should be taken into account when calculating the amount of eggs for a child.

Water is a necessary link between meals and must be included in the child’s diet without fail. For drinking, you should use clean water for children that has the appropriate certificates.

IMPORTANT: Remember: juices, compotes, teas, herbal infusions cannot replace water. It is recommended to give your child clean or boiled water throughout the day as much as he wishes. Limit your water intake only before bedtime.

Salt used for adding salt to dishes. A one-year-old baby has enough 1 g salt per day.

Sugar It is better not to use it in your baby’s diet, so as not to accustom him to sweets from childhood. It is better to prepare juices, drinks, compotes without adding sugar at all. If such a need arises, then the daily intake of sugar is - 30-40 g.

It is better to add it in small quantities, just to add flavor to the dish. It is better to replace sugar that is harmful to your baby. fructose. Sometimes you can pamper your little one with sweets: a piece of marshmallow or jam made with fructose.

What should you not give to a one-year-old baby?

• Sausages practically do not contain meat: 100 g of boiled sausage or 2 sausages contain no more than 7 g of meat. In addition, they contain a lot of “foods” that are dangerous for children: stabilizers, preservatives, flavor enhancers, etc. In addition, these products tend to quickly deteriorate if stored improperly.
• Sweet sparkling water not allowed in baby's diet.
• Citrus fruit are allergy provocateurs, so it is undesirable to introduce them into the food of a one-year-old child.
• Mushrooms are considered heavy protein foods, especially for children.
• Nuts poorly absorbed by children.
• Chocolate can cause allergies and excite the children's nervous system, which negatively affects the baby's health.
• Semi-finished and canned foods should not be present in children's diets due to the large number of preservatives and stabilizers of synthetic origin.

Nutrition for a 1 year old child: table

By the age of one year, a toddler, as a rule, already has several teeth and the chewing apparatus is able to cope with harder food. The amount of food for a one-year-old toddler should be 1200-1250 ml per day. It is recommended to distribute this amount of food as follows:

• breakfast - 25%
• lunch - 35%
• afternoon snack (snack) - 15%
• dinner - 25%

IMPORTANT: Ministry of Health Russian Federation Approximate children's daily nutrient intake standards have been established. So for children from 1 to 3 years old they are: 53 g of protein, 53 g of fat and 212 g of carbohydrates.

The food of a one-year-old baby should provide him with the necessary calories for full development. On average, a one-year-old child needs 100-102 kcal per 1 kg of body weight in a day.

So, a toddler weighing 10 kg should receive at least 1000-1020 kcal per day from food. Despite the fact that the child moves actively and spends a lot of energy, the calorie content of food should not be exceeded in order to avoid possible obesity in the future.

We offer a sample table with a menu for a one-year-old baby for a week.

Sample menu table for a one-year-old child for seven days

Sample menu for a 1 year old child

A one-year-old child grows rapidly, so for normal physiological development Your baby needs a nutritious and varied diet. At this stage of growing up of a small toddler, mother's milk cannot replace products containing many vitamins, biologically active substances, and minerals.

IMPORTANT: If a child at this age still receives breast milk, he should not refuse it. Put your baby to your breast before bed. The baby will receive his portion of mother's milk and get ready for a good night's sleep.

We offer an approximate menu for a one-year-old child.

• Breakfast: 8.00 Milk - 200 ml or porridge - 150 ml, boiled chicken yolk - 1/2 pcs., fruit puree - 50 g, weak tea - 100 ml, white bread - 20 g.
• Lunch: 12.00 Soup with chicken meatballs - 100/30 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, dried fruit compote - 100 ml, white bread - 15-20 g.
• Afternoon snack: 16.00 Kefir, yogurt or milk - 150 ml, cottage cheese - 50 g, fruit puree - 50 g, cookies - 15 g.
• Dinner: 20 00 Vegetable puree with minced meat - 150/30 g, fruit jelly - 50 g, white bread - 20 g.
• Dinner before bed: 22.00 Kefir, milk porridge or breastfeeding- 150-200 ml.

Diet for a 1-year-old child by the hour: diagram

• The diet of a one-year-old child is very important for the proper development of the baby. The diet should not differ much from the usual food intake of a baby up to one year old.
• But given that the baby began to spend more time in a state of wakefulness, the regime should be adjusted, gradually transferring him to 4-5 meals a day, canceling feeding at night.
• A 3-4 hour break between meals gives the child the opportunity to get hungry and eat the offered portions of food with appetite. This diet will help the baby adapt more quickly to preschool in the future.

IMPORTANT: A child with poor appetite, weak and often ill should not be denied night feeding if the child requires food at this time.

• It is recommended to observe the baby's feeding hours. Temporary deviations should not exceed 15-20 minutes. It is important to develop the habit of eating at a certain time in your baby.
• This promotes the timely release of digestive juice, which is necessary for high-quality digestion of food, as well as for the development of a good appetite in the toddler. It is advisable for a one-year-old child to have breakfast between 8-9 am.

Snacks between main meals should be avoided. Sandwiches, cookies, bagels, and some fruits can interrupt a child’s appetite, which will subsequently affect the main meal. Even a harmless piece of apple can serve as a reason for further refusal to eat at the appropriate time.

Meat norm for a 1 year old child

• Meat dishes are important in a child's menu. A one-year-old baby needs 60-80 g meat per day. 1.5 year old child should increase this norm up to 100 g. It is recommended to use lean varieties of chicken, turkey, rabbit, lean beef and veal in your baby's diet.
• It is advisable to give meat dishes in the first half of the day so that they have time to be absorbed by the child’s body. Young children usually quickly get used to meat products and love food made from meat in the form of: steamed cutlets, meatballs, meat pates, souffles, zraz, meatballs.
• The range of animal proteins can be expanded by using offal dishes on certain days of the week: liver, tongue, heart. Meat can be replaced with fish dishes 1-2 times a week.

New dishes for a 12 month old baby: recipes

How to properly introduce new dishes into the diet of young children?

• New foods should be introduced into babies' food gradually, starting with small portions.
• After eating new foods, observe the baby’s reaction. Particular care should be taken when introducing foods to children with signs of allergies.
• It is not recommended to introduce several new foods into your diet at the same time. This makes it possible to find out which product was not suitable for the child if this happens.
• If even minor allergic manifestations appear in the form of a rash or red itchy spots on the face and body, the product that caused the allergy should be excluded from the child’s diet.
• Don’t be upset that some dishes weren’t to your little one’s liking. He also has his own taste preferences and not all new products can be received with a bang. Try again with the introduction of this dish in two weeks, maybe by this time the baby will like it.
• Allow your child not to eat a whole portion of new foods if he or she does not want to. This is a new food for him that he needs to get used to. And this requires time and patience.
• Create a menu for your child, taking into account not only beneficial features products, but also taking into account taste preferences toddler. Then the child will eat with appetite and eat the portions offered.

IMPORTANT: Feed your baby only freshly prepared food; reheating previously prepared food is unacceptable.

Soup with meatballs from minced meat and buckwheat

A new dish for your baby: meatballs with buckwheat in vegetable broth. We hope that the little man will like it.

Required to take:

• minced veal fillet - 100 g
• potatoes - 1 pc.
• carrots - 1 pc.
• zucchini squash - 50 g
• onion - 0.5 pcs.
• buckwheat - 1 tablespoon
• dill - 1-2 sprigs

Preparation

1. Boil buckwheat until tender
2. Potatoes and zucchini are cut into cubes and thrown into boiling water.
3. Grate carrots.
4. The onion is finely chopped and, together with the carrots, placed in boiling water with potatoes and zucchini.
5. Minced meat is mixed with buckwheat and small meatballs are formed.
6. 10-15 minutes after the vegetables boil, add meatballs to the pan, bring to a boil and cook for another 10 minutes. If necessary, add a little salt to the soup and add finely chopped dill.

Veal liver soup

Your baby will love this soup and is perfect as a first course for lunch.

Required to take:

• veal or chicken liver - 100 g
• egg yolk - 1 pc.
• white bread - 100 g
• milk - 100 ml
• vegetable broth or water - 250 ml
• butter - 1 teaspoon

Preparation

1. White bread without crusts is soaked in milk and mixed with yolk.
2. The liver is washed and ground in a meat grinder.
3. The bread is mixed with the liver and the mass is ground through a sieve.
4. The liver mass is poured with vegetable broth or water.
5. Bring the liver soup to a boil and cook for 10 minutes.
6. The finished puree soup is seasoned with butter.

Beetroot-apple salad

A healthy salad can be offered to your baby for lunch or dinner. It is especially useful for children suffering from constipation.

Required to take:

• 1/2 medium apple
• 1/2 small beet
• vegetable oil - 0.5 teaspoon

Preparation

1. Boil beets until soft
2. Half the peeled one is grated
3. The apple is peeled and seeds removed.
4. Half an apple is grated and mixed with beets.
5. The salad is seasoned with vegetable oil.

Steamed fish cutlets

Children don't particularly like fish. Try steaming fish cutlets for them.

Required to take:

• fish fillet - 200 g
• egg - 1 pc.
• onion - 1 small onion
• carrots - 1 pc.
• flour - 1 dessert spoon

Preparation

1. The fish fillet and onion are passed through a meat grinder.
2. Finely chopped carrots and a raw egg are added to the minced meat.
3. Mix the mixture thoroughly and add a little salt.
4. Flour is added to the minced meat and cutlets are formed.
5. Steam the fish cutlets in a double boiler for 20-30 minutes.
6. Cutlets can be served with potato or other vegetable puree.

Cottage cheese with banana and peach

Does your child not like cottage cheese? Prepare it according to the following recipe and your baby will appreciate this sweet and healthy dessert.

Required to take:

• baby kefir – 500 ml
• banana - 1/2 pcs.
• peach - 1/2 pcs.

Preparation

1. Kefir is heated in a water bath.
2. After 20 minutes, the resulting curd is placed on cheesecloth to separate the whey.
3. The curd is rubbed through a sieve.
4. Wash the banana and peach thoroughly.
5. Peel half a banana.
6. Half a peach is cut into pieces.
7. Place fruits and cottage cheese in a blender and beat until fluffy and homogeneous.

Features of cooking for one-year-old babies

• Food should be prepared by boiling, stewing, baking, or steaming.
• Spices, seasonings, sauces, canned foods for adult food, and fried foods are not added to children's dishes.
• For vegetable soups, carrots and onions can be stewed in a frying pan in small quantity water.
• One-year-old babies should receive food in a puree form, but after two months it is recommended to chop the food into small pieces. Later, when chewing teeth appear, food can be crushed to a size of 3 cm, allowing the child to chew food properly on his own.
• Keep your hands clean while preparing food. Teach your child to wash their hands before eating.

How and what to feed a one-year-old child, video

“I cook, I try, I stand at the stove, and he shouts “Fe!” and pushes the plate away. “And what should I feed this child?” my friend complains. Common situation? Dear mothers, I understand you. Sometimes feeding a child is an impossible task. And we even feel sorry not for the products themselves, but for the efforts and time we spend in the kitchen. Children's dishes should be fresh, tasty, and interesting. But how can a busy mother implement all this?

After talking with friends and conducting a small survey, we managed to collect several simple and delicious dishes that our children love. But, most importantly, their preparation does not take much time.

1. Chicken in sweet sauce

Ingredients: chicken, honey, turmeric, coriander, salt, pepper, garlic, orange.
Preparation: The amount of ingredients depends on the size of the chicken. In a deep bowl, mix 2-3 tbsp. spoons of honey, 1-2 tsp. turmeric, a pinch of ground coriander, pepper, salt, squeeze 1-2 cloves of garlic. Add the juice of one small orange. You need to marinate the chicken for half an hour. If desired, you can leave it overnight. Place in a preheated oven for about an hour. Can serve as a side dish mashed potatoes, pasta or porridge. The chicken will have an islandy-sweet taste and look interesting! And you can use the baking time for yourself.

2. Shells with cheese

Ingredients: large shell pasta, seasoned cheese, tomatoes, onions, boiled chicken breast, salt, pepper.
Preparation: Boil the pasta, but 2-3 minutes less than what is written in the instructions. Let the pasta cool.

While the shells are boiling, cut the onion into cubes and fry in olive oil, add salt, pepper, and aromatic herbs if desired. Cut the boiled chicken breast and tomatoes into small cubes. Mix onions, tomatoes and meat. Grate the cheese on a fine grater.
Fill the shell with minced tomato and meat, add cheese on top. Place the shells in a deep frying pan or baking dish, after greasing them with oil. You can put it on fire or put it in a hot oven for 3-4 minutes to melt the cheese.

Can be served with any salad. Cooking time takes approximately 15-20 minutes.

3. Potatoes with cheese

These potatoes are tender on the inside and have a delicious crispy crust on top. Believe me, it does not leave anyone indifferent. Minimum ingredients, minimum time, maximum pleasure!

Ingredients: potatoes, butter, cheese, salt.
Preparation: Choose small potatoes. Cut peeled or well-washed potatoes in half. Place on a greased baking sheet, add salt and a piece of butter. Place in a preheated oven for 20 minutes. Then put a piece of cheese on each potato. Cook for a few more minutes until the cheese melts and browns a little. Can be served with any salad.

4. Chicken liver with sour cream sauce

Not all children love liver, although it is very useful. But this recipe is just a godsend. The liver will become tender, aromatic, and will simply melt in your mouth.

Ingredients: chicken liver, onions, carrots, salt, pepper, aromatic herbs, sour cream, sunflower oil.
Preparation: fry chicken liver on both sides until color changes in sunflower oil in a preheated frying pan. Add diced onion, salt and pepper, and add aromatic herbs if desired. After a few minutes, add the carrots grated on a medium grater. Simmer for a few minutes under the lid. Add low-fat sour cream. Add fresh herbs if desired. Simmer for a few more minutes.

You can serve with pasta, potatoes or porridge. With this liver, children will sweep away everything. It takes about 15-20 minutes to prepare, and the taste is simply amazing!

5. Meatball soup

The first courses are very healthy and simply necessary in the children's menu. But is it easy for you to feed your child soup? I think the answer is probably no.
Everyone loves my signature meatball soup because of its beauty, and taste, of course. And it takes 15 minutes to prepare.

Ingredients: minced chicken, potatoes, carrots, onions, green peas, turmeric, small star pasta, olive oil, salt, pepper, bay leaf, herbs.
Preparation: If you have minced chicken lying around in the refrigerator, this is a godsend. Well, if not, then cook it yourself by chopping the meat, adding a small onion, a clove of garlic and salt to taste.

Cut the potatoes, carrots and onions into cubes and make meatballs from the minced meat. Place the potatoes and carrots on the fire, wait until they boil and cook for a few minutes, add the onion, salt, pepper, bay leaf, pasta and turmeric. Cook for a few minutes. Add meatballs and spoon olive oil. A minute before readiness, add the greens. If you have canned peas, add them at the end. If fresh - along with potatoes.

This soup looks very beautiful, the turmeric makes it golden and delicious, and the ingredients of different colors and shapes will definitely interest the children.

6. Fish cutlets

That the fish is very useful product, everyone knows. But it just so happens that many children do not like fish. These cutlets are delicious, look beautiful and can be disguised as regular cutlets. And they are also useful because they are not fried, but baked.

Ingredients: fish fillet 500 g, 2-3 slices of white bread without crust, onion, hard cheese, one egg, vegetable oil, dill, salt.
Preparation: pass the fish fillet through a meat grinder along with the onion, add an egg, squeezed bread in water, or in milk. Add finely chopped dill, salt, a spoonful of vegetable oil. With wet hands we form cutlets. For beauty, you can give them the shape of stars, fish, hearts. Place on a baking sheet and place in a preheated oven for 15-17 minutes. After this time, sprinkle with grated cheese and place in the oven for another 5 minutes. The cutlets are ready!

7. Carrot cutlets

We adults know that vegetables are healthy. Children are not at all interested in this. But these carrot cutlets should attract the attention of children. There are many variations of this dish, but these two, salty and sweet, are the simplest and most delicious.

Sweet cutlets
Ingredients: 5-6 medium-sized carrots, half a glass of semolina, 2-3 tsp. sugar, one egg, a pinch of salt, vegetable oil.
Preparation: boil the carrots, when cool, grate them, add semolina, egg, sugar, salt. Form cutlets, roll in semolina and fry in vegetable oil. Can be served with jam or jam.

Salty cutlets
Ingredients: carrots, small onion, garlic clove, salt, egg, semolina, dill.
Preparation: Grate boiled chilled carrots, add chopped onion, garlic, finely chopped dill, egg, salt, semolina, stir, form into cutlets, fry on both sides.

8. Omelette with sausage and vegetables

Eggs are undoubtedly a very healthy product. As always, not all children like scrambled eggs. But I think this fluffy, soft and fragrant omelette should interest kids. And if you get a little more creative and add interesting ingredients to it, children will definitely want to try it.

Ingredients: 8 eggs, 1 glass of milk, 1-2 tbsp. spoons of flour, a whisper of salt, several baby sausages, 1-2 tbsp. spoons of canned peas, 1 boiled carrot, 1-2 boiled potatoes, greens.
Preparation: break eggs into a deep bowl, add milk, salt, flour and beat well. Cut the sausage into rings, carrots and potatoes into cubes, finely chop the greens, rinse the peas with water. Add all ingredients to the eggs, mix, pour into a greased baking sheet and place in a preheated oven. This omelette can be served with fresh vegetables or sauces.

9. Mannik

Mannik is a flight of mother’s imagination, and the ingredients can easily be found in any refrigerator.

Ingredients: 1 glass of semolina, 1 glass of sour cream (can be replaced with kefir or taken in half), half a glass of sugar, three eggs, half a teaspoon of soda, you can add vanilla sugar.
Preparation: Mix all ingredients and let stand for a while. Can be prepared in the evening and left in the refrigerator overnight.
Pour into a greased pan and place in the oven for 30 minutes. You can put dried fruits, berries in the manna, or simply pour over your favorite jam or syrup.

10. Curd casserole

Cottage cheese is almost the healthiest milk product. But my baby categorically refuses to eat it, but the cottage cheese casserole goes with a bang. After several years of preparation, she became mine best friend and a savior when it is difficult to feed a child something. I also love cooking it because you can imagine and experiment during the process, and it’s almost impossible to spoil it.

Ingredients: 1 kg of cottage cheese, 3 eggs, half a glass of semolina, half a glass of milk, vanillin, 1 glass of sugar (to taste, a little less), zest of one lemon, juice of half a lemon, 1 tbsp. spoon of starch.
Preparation: Pass the cottage cheese through a meat grinder or grind in a blender. The more tender the cottage cheese, the tastier the casserole will be.

While you do this, pour milk over the semolina. Stir the eggs with sugar, it is not necessary to beat until foamy. Mix cottage cheese, eggs, semolina, add vanillin, pour in the juice of half a lemon, grate the lemon zest on a fine grater, add a spoonful of starch. Mix everything well. You can add dried apricots, raisins to the casserole, after soaking them in water, or berries and fruits. Pour the cottage cheese into a greased pan and place in a preheated oven for 40 minutes until golden brown on top. It's quick to prepare, and in 40 free minutes you can do a lot of useful things.