Since our school days, we remember how in chemistry class teachers talked about the high density of gold. We were wondering if there really is no metal that could compare with it and what is the density, such as silver, lead or iron?
After all, the density of this yellow metal is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter (a gold ball with a diameter of 46.237 mm has a mass of 1 kg!). Element of group 11, sixth period of the periodic table, atomic number - 79, simple substance.
Among metals it ranks seventh in density. In front of it are the following elements: osmium (22.61 g/cm3), iridium (22.57 g/cm3), platinum (21.46 g/cm3), rhenium (21.02 g/cm3), neptunium (20 .45 g/cm3), plutonium (19.84 g/cm3). Gold is also a very soft metal - about 2 out of 10 on the Mohs scale.
It is the density that makes it easy to mine the noble yellow metal. The most ordinary flushing can provide high degree extraction from the rock. This factor cannot but please gold miners, and this alloy remains relevant to this day.
The fewer impurities in gold, the higher its purity. Accordingly, both the density and the price on the market are higher. The globally accepted hallmarks are: 375, 500, 585, 750, 958 (999 pure gold).
The demand for gold lies not only in its use in the production of jewelry, but also in industrial sectors. One of its areas of application is medicine and dentistry, due to its resistance to corrosion and oxidation. From this we can conclude that gold is not only a luxury item, but also a technical material, the demand for which has been growing every day over the years.
Silver Ag (from the Latin Argentum), like gold, has also long been known among the world's population as a currency metal. It is poured into ingots, which can be seen and purchased in banks and have their own standard measure. The lower the standard, the yellower and more faded the silver. 720 standard is considered to be the lowest. 960 standard is the highest. It has high plasticity, is easy to polish and forge, which allows you to make jewelry from it.
In addition to its use in the jewelry industry, it is used for the manufacture of dishes, cutlery, mechanical and instrument making. Previously widely used for casting coins. Now widely used in medicine, as it has bactericidal properties. Silver is used to create filters for water purification.
Its density is 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. This is slightly less than the density of lead. The element is group 11, the fifth period of the periodic table and has atomic number 47, a simple substance. Silver is a fairly heavy metal, silvery-white in color.
It has extremely high thermal conductivity, which sets it apart from other metals. Unlike gold, it can be oxidized. Silver is considered to be an alloy of pure silver and other metals. This allows you to improve certain characteristics.
Based on this, we can conclude that the density of the metal can be calculated by the sample number.
With the same volume, it is almost twice the weight of silver. This is indicated by many factors, such as atomic mass: gold - 196, silver - 107, density: gold - 19.3 g/cm³, silver - 10.5 g/cm³
Comparison of gold with other metals
Lead Pb (from the Latin Plumbum) is an element of group 14, the sixth period of the periodic table, atomic number - 82. Its density is 11.3 g/cm³, and is classified as a heavy metal.
Lead has shine, softness, malleability, and has a gray-blue color when cut. When exposed to air, it becomes covered with an oxide film, which serves as a kind of protection, but fades over time.
It was used by humans in ancient metallurgical processes, namely smelting. Native lead, as it is very rarely found in nature. Most often these are impurities with zinc. It is mined in ores, after which it is processed in shaft furnaces by firing.
This metal differs from the above in its low thermal conductivity, is prone to damage, is easily scratched, and can be cut with a knife. As it heats up, its density decreases. Also one of its disadvantages is toxicity.
In case of poisoning, sharp sharp pains in the abdomen, convulsions and even fainting are noticed. Lead can accumulate in the kidneys and liver.
So, if we compare gold and lead, then looking at their density we can conclude that gold again turned out to be heavier.
Next in line is hardware. How are things going with him? Let's take a closer look at its properties.
Iron Fe (from the Latin Ferrum) is an element of group 8, the fourth period of the periodic table, atomic number - 26. Density - 7.874 g/cm³.
It ranks second in abundance in the earth's crust, after aluminum. The metal has a silvery-white color, is malleable, burns in pure oxygen, and is susceptible to corrosion at high humidity. pure form has softness and ductility; various impurities increase hardness and brittleness.
Its average hardness is 4 out of 10 on the Mohs scale. Has magnetic properties. Found in iron-nickel meteorites. Scientists believe that the earth's core is mostly made of iron.
Given its properties, iron is used in the manufacture of magnets, both small (in household appliances) and for large-scale production. The strength of the material is used for casting weapons and armor. Widely used alloys are cast iron and steel.
The density of iron depends on its chemical composition. For example, the presence of silicon and carbon in the alloy reduces its properties. While cast iron has the opposite effect and increases density.
Now let's return to the topic of our article and determine which of the materials described above is the heaviest? It was not in vain that we considered the density of gold, silver, lead and iron. It is this factor that affects weight. We can come to the conclusion that if you put several identical pieces of the above-mentioned metals, they will turn out to be different in volume and size.
Summing up, it becomes clear that there is no need to immediately run to the scales and see which alloy is heavier. It is enough to look at the periodic table and know their density.
Physics at every step Perelman Yakov Isidorovich
Which metal is the heaviest?
Which metal is the heaviest?
In everyday life, lead is considered a heavy metal. It is heavier than zinc, tin, iron, copper, but still it cannot be called the heaviest metal. Mercury, a liquid metal, heavier than lead; If you throw a piece of lead into mercury, it will not sink in it, but will float on the surface. You can hardly lift a liter bottle of mercury with one hand: it weighs almost 14 kg. However, mercury is not the heaviest metal: gold and platinum are one and a half times heavier than mercury.
The record for heaviness is broken by rare metals - iridium and osmium: they are almost three times heavier than iron and more than a hundred times heavier than cork; it would take 110 ordinary plugs to balance one iridium or osmium plug of the same dimensions.
Here for reference specific gravity some metals:
This text is an introductory fragment. From book Newest book facts. Volume 3 [Physics, chemistry and technology. History and archaeology. Miscellaneous] author Kondrashov Anatoly Pavlovich From the book Interesting about astronomy author Tomilin Anatoly Nikolaevich From the book Neutrino - the ghostly particle of an atom by Isaac Asimov From the book Physics at every step author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich From the book Knocking on Heaven's Door [Scientific view of the structure of the Universe] by Randall Lisa From the book Biography of the Atom author Koryakin Yuri Ivanovich From the author's book From the author's book From the author's book From the author's book From the author's book From the author's book3. The world's largest refracting telescope The world's largest refracting telescope was installed in 1897 at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago (USA). Its diameter is D = 102 centimeters and its focal length is 19.5 meters. Can you imagine how much space he needs in
From the author's book From the author's bookWhich metal is the lightest? Technicians call “light” all those metals that are two or more times lighter than iron. The most common light metal used in technology is aluminum, which is three times lighter than iron. Magnesium metal is even lighter: it is 1 1/2 times lighter than aluminum. IN
From the author's bookCHAPTER 1. IT’S NOT ENOUGH FOR YOU, JUST FOR ME Among the many reasons why I chose physics as my profession was the desire to do something long-term, even eternal. If, I reasoned, I had to invest so much time, energy and enthusiasm into something, then
From the author's book1911 “Ernest Rutherford... brought about the greatest change in our view of matter since Democritus.” English physicist ARTHUR EDDINGTON What worried scientists? The attack on the atom continued with renewed vigor. Let us remember the “raisin pudding” - the model of the atom that he created
Humanity began to actively use metals back in 3000-4000 BC. Then people became acquainted with the most common of them: gold, silver, copper. These metals were very easy to find on the surface of the earth. A little later they learned about chemistry and began to isolate such species as tin, lead and iron. In the Middle Ages, very poisonous types of metals gained popularity. There was arsenic in use, which poisoned more than half of the royal court in France. Likewise, which helped cure various diseases of those times, from sore throat to the plague. Already before the twentieth century, more than 60 metals were known, and at the beginning of the 21st century - 90. Progress does not stand still and leads humanity forward. But the question arises, which metal is heavy and weighs more than all the others? And in general, what are they, these heaviest metals in the world?
Many people mistakenly think that gold and lead are the heaviest metals. Why exactly did this happen? Many of us grew up watching old movies and seeing how main character uses a lead plate to protect against vicious bullets. In addition, lead plates are still used today in some types of body armor. And when you hear the word gold, many people think of a picture of heavy ingots of this metal. But thinking that they are the heaviest is a mistake!
To determine the heaviest metal, one must take into account its density, because the higher the density of a substance, the heavier it is.
TOP 10 heaviest metals in the world
- Osmium (22.62 g/cm3),
- Iridium (22.53 g/cm3),
- Platinum (21.44 g/cm 3),
- Rhenium (21.01 g/cm3),
- Neptunium (20.48 g/cm3),
- Plutonium (19.85 g/cm3),
- Gold (19.85 g/cm3)
- Tungsten (19.21 g/cm3),
- Uranium (18.92 g/cm3),
- Tantalum (16.64 g/cm3).
And where is the lead? And he is located much lower on this list, in the middle of the second ten.
Osmium and iridium are the heaviest metals in the world
Let's look at the main heavyweights who share 1st and 2nd places. Let's start with iridium and at the same time say words of gratitude to the English scientist Smithson Tennat, who in 1803 obtained this chemical element from platinum, where it was present along with osmium as an impurity. Iridium can be translated from ancient Greek as “rainbow”. The metal is white with a silver tint and can be called not only the heaviest, but also the most durable. There is very little of it on our planet and only up to 10,000 kg are mined per year. It is known that most iridium deposits can be found at meteorite impact sites. Some scientists come to the conclusion that this metal was previously widespread on our planet, but due to its weight, it constantly squeezed itself closer to the center of the Earth. Iridium is now widely in demand in industry and is used to generate electrical energy. Paleontologists also like to use it, and with the help of iridium they determine the age of many finds. In addition, this metal can be used to coat some surfaces. But this is difficult to do.
Next, let's look at osmium. It is the heaviest in the periodic table of Mendeleev, and, accordingly, the heaviest metal in the world. Osmium is tin-white with a blue tint and was also discovered by Smithson Tennat at the same time as iridium. Osmium is almost impossible to process and is mainly found at meteorite impact sites. It smells unpleasant, the smell is like a mixture of chlorine and garlic. And from ancient Greek it is translated as “smell”. The metal is quite refractory and is used in light bulbs and other devices with refractory metals. For just one gram of this element you have to pay more than $10,000, which makes it clear that the metal is very rare.
Osmium Whatever one may say, the heaviest metals are very rare and therefore they are expensive. And we must remember for the future that neither gold nor lead are the heaviest metals in the world! Iridium and osmium are the winners in weight!
- mathematical;
- graphic;
- abrasive;
- galvanic.
- titanium – 4.5;
- iron – 7.8;
- aluminum and duralumin – 2.7.
- titanium – 14;
- low carbon steel – 55;
- stainless steel – 16;
- aluminum – 250.
How to identify titanium and distinguish it from other metals? Brass or steel, which is heavier?
How to define titanium and distinguish stainless steel, aluminum and steel from titanium?
Identification of certain metals is an accurate and simple process only if you have special laboratory equipment, a spectrometer in particular. At home, the task becomes much more complicated. It is especially difficult to distinguish between materials that are similar in color and magnetic properties. However, even in such a situation, there are practical methods to distinguish titanium from other metals. The most interesting for comparison are aluminum and steel, including stainless steel. Here, even experienced craftsmen, who regularly work with metals and accept titanium scrap, are not always able to clearly identify what exactly they have in their hands.
How to distinguish titanium from steel, aluminum
The first pair is non-ferrous and ferrous metals. Most steels have magnetic properties. The exception is alloyed metals of the austenitic class. A striking example is stainless steel with a high nickel content. This grade of steel, like titanium, is paramagnetic. That's why standard option using a magnet is unacceptable here.
see articles:
There are three reliable ways to determine titanium at home:
Pure mathematics
In this approach, metal identification is done by weight. The disadvantage of this method occurs when only one type of metal is available. To determine in your hands that it won’t be any harder, you have to resort to mathematical calculations. This is facilitated by significant differences in the density of metals:
Parameter values are given in g/cc. It remains to add that the density of steel depends on the specific grade of metal. However, in absolute terms these differences are insignificant. Therefore, the density of steel can be safely taken as the value of a similar characteristic of iron.
All that remains is to clarify the volume and weight of the part or piece of metal. Further, simple calculations will show whether it is aluminum, steel or the desired metal - titanium. How to determine the volume of a part with a complex shape? Here the best option- Archimedes' law. The mass of the ejected liquid, when immersing a metal structure, allows you to determine its volume. The situation is simplified by the density of water, equivalent to 1 kg/cubic dm. Accordingly, each gram of ejected liquid is equal to one cubic centimeter of volume.
Of course, this is a tedious, complex and inaccurate method, but in order to determine titanium at home, it has its place.
Drawings on glass
This is the most available method How to distinguish titanium at home, but you need to master it and have experience working with titanium. Metal leaves characteristic indelible marks on glass and tiles. It is enough to run the sharpened edge of the metal along one of the specified materials. These are marks, not scratches. Windows of public transport are often painted in a similar way. You can wash titanium graphics on tiles with a solution of hydrofluoric acid; you should handle it with extreme caution.
This method is simple and effective. Titanium, contrary to popular belief, leaves a mark even on dirty glass. So there is no need to degrease its surface. On the contrary, any grade of steel and aluminum can barely scratch the glass. This is an excellent method to identify titanium.
Abrasive wheel
An ideal way to distinguish titanium from stainless steel for owners of a sharpening machine (which, in fact, is not at all necessary). However, almost any abrasive surface will do, even asphalt. The contact of titanium with an abrasive is accompanied by a scattering of rich white sparks. The interaction of steel with an abrasive surface is characterized by a yellow or red tint. There are significantly fewer sparks.
Stainless steel grades are fireproof. Processing of certain brands of stainless steel occurs without sparks at all. This property is used in fire hazardous industries. Only stainless steel tools are allowed there. A similar technique is used in the question of how to distinguish titanium from aluminum. Grinding of the latter on an abrasive wheel also occurs practically without sparks.
This method of determining titanium can be called the most effective - the color of the spark will indeed be different from other metals. In general, the spark test is one of the most popular and correct for determining and recognizing different metals.
Video - how to distinguish titanium from magnesium and aluminum:
Galvanic approach
Another the right way how to recognize titanium, available right in the garage. The technique is based on coloring this metal through anodization. The simplest design of a “laboratory setup” is a car battery, the plus of which is connected to a titanium plate. A metal rod wrapped in cotton wool soaked in Coca-Cola is connected to the negative of the DC source. The ideal option is any saline solution.
If you run cotton wool over titanium, the metal will become colored within a few seconds. The color obtained during the formation of the oxide film depends on the applied voltage and surface treatment time. However, if the task is how to determine titanium from stainless steel, then the color tone is not important. The main criterion is color change.
Video - how to distinguish titanium from steel using this method:
Other techniques
There are a number of alternative ways to determine titanium in your hands or aluminum, for example. One option is thin shavings. In the case of titanium, it is highly flammable and burns brightly. On the contrary, aluminum shavings melt. When duralumin “metal filings” are placed in an alkaline solution, active evolution of hydrogen is observed.
The next way to distinguish titanium metal from steel and aluminum is thermal conductivity. The numerical values of the parameter W/(m K) for the indicated metals are:
Titanium products are warmer in the hands. Of course, the approach is not characterized by high accuracy, and is generally unsuitable for distinguishing titanium from stainless steel.
Summary
As you can see, even at home, it is quite possible to distinguish titanium from aluminum and steel. The most practical options are spark and glass. For the first case, any abrasive surface is sufficient, even asphalt or hardened concrete. The bright sparkle of titanium is successfully used by bikers by installing horseshoes made of this metal on their shoes. The mark on the glass is beneficial because the metal is not damaged. A relative disadvantage is that some titanium alloys do not leave a pattern. But for pure metal this is the best option.
xlom.ru
The heaviest metals in the world TOP 10 list
Humanity began to actively use metals back in 3000-4000 BC. Then people became acquainted with the most common of them: gold, silver, copper. These metals were very easy to find on the surface of the earth. A little later they learned about chemistry and began to isolate such species as tin, lead and iron. In the Middle Ages, very poisonous types of metals gained popularity. There was arsenic in use, which poisoned more than half of the royal court in France. So did mercury, which helped cure various diseases of those times, from sore throat to the plague. Already before the twentieth century, more than 60 metals were known, and at the beginning of the 21st century - 90. Progress does not stand still and leads humanity forward. But the question arises, which metal is heavy and weighs more than all the others? And in general, what are they, these heaviest metals in the world?
Many people mistakenly think that gold and lead are the heaviest metals. Why exactly did this happen? Many of us grew up watching old movies and seeing the main character using a lead plate to protect himself from vicious bullets. In addition, lead plates are still used today in some types of body armor. And when you hear the word gold, many people think of a picture of heavy ingots of this metal. But thinking that they are the heaviest is a mistake!
To determine the heaviest metal, one must take into account its density, because the higher the density of a substance, the heavier it is.
TOP 10 heaviest metals in the world
- Osmium (22.62 g/cm3),
- Iridium (22.53 g/cm3),
- Platinum (21.44 g/cm3),
- Rhenium (21.01 g/cm3),
- Neptunium (20.48 g/cm3),
- Plutonium (19.85 g/cm3),
- Gold (19.85 g/cm3)
- Tungsten (19.21 g/cm3),
- Uranium (18.92 g/cm3),
- Tantalum (16.64 g/cm3).
And where is the lead? And he is located much lower on this list, in the middle of the second ten.
Osmium and iridium are the heaviest metals in the world
Let's look at the main heavyweights who share 1st and 2nd places. Let's start with iridium and at the same time say words of gratitude to the English scientist Smithson Tennat, who in 1803 obtained this chemical element from platinum, where it was present along with osmium as an impurity. Iridium can be translated from ancient Greek as “rainbow”. The metal is white with a silver tint and can be called not only the heaviest, but also the most durable. There is very little of it on our planet and only up to 10,000 kg are mined per year. It is known that most iridium deposits can be found at meteorite impact sites. Some scientists come to the conclusion that this metal was previously widespread on our planet, but due to its weight, it constantly squeezed itself closer to the center of the Earth. Iridium is now widely in demand in industry and is used to generate electrical energy. Paleontologists also like to use it, and with the help of iridium they determine the age of many finds. In addition, this metal can be used to coat some surfaces. But this is difficult to do.
Next, let's look at osmium. It is the heaviest in the periodic table of Mendeleev, and, accordingly, the heaviest metal in the world. Osmium is tin-white with a blue tint and was also discovered by Smithson Tennat at the same time as iridium. Osmium is almost impossible to process and is mainly found at meteorite impact sites. It smells unpleasant, the smell is like a mixture of chlorine and garlic. And from ancient Greek it is translated as “smell”. The metal is quite refractory and is used in light bulbs and other devices with refractory metals. For just one gram of this element you have to pay more than $10,000, which makes it clear that the metal is very rare.
OsmiumWhatever one may say, the heaviest metals are very rare and therefore they are expensive. And we must remember for the future that neither gold nor lead are the heaviest metals in the world! Iridium and osmium are the winners in weight!
www.alto-lab.ru
How to distinguish bronze from brass at home?
There are a number of ways that will tell you how to distinguish bronze from brass. In the presented material I would like to consider the simplest and most accessible solutions for implementing this task. Let's find out how to distinguish bronze from brass at home.
What is bronze?
Before we figure out how to distinguish bronze from brass, let's find out what each alloy is. Let's start with bronze. So, bronze is an alloy of tin and copper, with admixtures of silicon, aluminum, beryllium and lead. It is the quality of the tin used that largely determines the nature of the future alloy.
There is a special type of bronze, in the manufacture of which tin is replaced with nickel or zinc. This alloy is known as spiatr. Essentially, the material is a cheap version of bronze, which is not of the best quality.
According to the above manufacturing principles, bronze is divided into tin and tin-free. At the beginning of the last century, metallurgists produced arsenic bronze. However, due to its high toxicity, the material was never widely used.
What is brass?
Brass is practically the same alloy as bronze. But instead of the alloying composition in the form of tin, zinc is used here in combination with copper. Sometimes lead, iron, nickel, manganese, and other elements are added to the alloy.
The ancient Romans knew how to produce brass. They were the first to learn how to combine molten copper with zinc ore. Pure zinc began to be used for the production of brass only at the end of the 18th century in Britain. The British often used the alloy to create fake gold, because brass, like a noble metal, has an attractive sunny shine.
Today the material is widely used to create the so-called bimetal - an alloy where steel is combined with brass. This solution contributes to the production of metal that is resistant to corrosion and abrasion. At the same time, bimetal products have good ductility.
Defining Differences Between Bronze and Brass
How to distinguish bronze from brass? The difference between the presented alloys is as follows:
- Brass is produced by combining zinc with copper. In turn, bronze is produced by alloying copper with tin.
- Bronze can long time be in contact with sea, salt water without destroying the structure of the material. Brass requires additional processing in the form of alloying.
- Bronze has increased resistance to mechanical wear and is a durable material. For this reason, the alloy is widely used to create all kinds of sculptures and monuments. Brass is not suitable for these purposes, although it is used as elements of artistic products.
- How to distinguish copper from brass and bronze? Copper has a reddish tint. At the same time, bronze has a dark brown color and a coarse-grained structure. Brass has a yellow tint and is a fine-grained material.
Differences between bronze and brass according to weight
How to distinguish bronze from brass based on the weight of the materials? It is worth noting that bronze is a fairly heavy alloy. In equal volumes of workpieces, bronze will be clearly heavier than brass. Therefore, you can distinguish products from individual alloys by weighing them on your palms.
How to distinguish alloys by heating?
You need to try to distinguish between materials using the thermal effect method. However, the results in in this case will be more reliable. What do we have to do? It is necessary to heat both alloys using a gas burner to a temperature of more than 600°C. With such exposure, a coating forms on the surface of the brass product. ash-colored, which is zinc oxide. At the same time, the bronze will remain in its original form.
After heating, the brass will become more ductile. Bronze does not change its physical properties when exposed to high temperature. If you try to bend a brass workpiece, the structure of the latter will not be damaged. As for bronze, it will definitely break at the bend.
How to distinguish brass from bronze with a magnet?
As noted above, bronze contains tin and lead. These materials can be attracted by a magnet. The only thing required to carry out the experiment is to find a fairly strong magnet. When using it, the bronze will slightly stick to the surface. The magnet will not have any effect on brass.
Finally
As you can see, there are a number of ways that allow you to distinguish bronze from brass at home. In most cases, there are pronounced visual differences between products made from these alloys. Therefore, to cope with the task, sometimes it is enough just to carefully consider both materials.
fb.ru
AKBS: steel or brass?
X-pert 29-03-2010 03:41Dear Colleagues!
In connection with the official announcement by AKBS about the launch of 9 R.A. cartridges. in a brass sleeve, so beloved by veterans, who sometimes affectionately call them “butter,” I, having prepared a jar of adrenaline and a wallet with the necessary papers, began to wait for them to appear on sale.
First of all, I hasten to inform you that as of the beginning of September 2009, I brought my pistol 1014 series 015xxx to the point of “consuming” any cartridges. As it seemed to me.
Then I met a certain " good fairy", which, as it turned out, was able to help with various options what you can equip a pistol with.
Moreover, a miraculous opportunity was discovered to re-roll factory cartridges, which, to put it mildly, do not suffer from quality in this regard. Moreover, the quality of factory rolling is almost the same for all manufacturers. Disgusting.
On one of the “fairy’s” arrivals, for a change, I decided to purchase 10 rounds of 50 J (I have attached the label) aimed at private security companies.
For reference, currently shooting Streamer 1014 is 2700, approximately 50% AKBS 50J, 45% AKBS Magnum, everything else is garbage, including KSPZ 80+ and TK 70. The pistol was immediately completely transferred to the “Forum”.
Well, continuing my story (with pictures, I promise, I loaded 14 rounds into the magazine, but the last 4 were alternated Magnum-Brass50-Magnum-Brass50.
What I got almost killed me. See for yourself.
The cartridge cases from cartridges with brass sleeves have changed their geometry so much that I have doubts about the advisability of using them, although shooting and extraction are without problems. Even the “sniffy” KSPS with a bimetallic sleeve did not allow themselves to do this.
I am attaching photographs, as well as photographs of cartridge packaging.
I ask specialists and veterans of the Hansa to evaluate the quality of either the cartridges or my “friend”, who withstood more than 2500 shots.
Best regards, X-pert
guns.allzip.org
| In the process of manufacturing products using artistic metal processing, both precious and base metals and their alloys are used. Precious metals include gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals: palladium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, and non-precious metals include ferrous metals - steel, cast iron - and non-ferrous metals - copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, magnesium, cupronickel, nickel silver, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, titanium, tantalum, niobium. Cadmium, mercury, antimony, bismuth, arsenic, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium are also used in the form of small additives to change the properties of alloys or as coatings. Aluminum. This soft silver-white metal is easy to roll, stretch and cut. To increase strength, silicon, copper, magnesium, zinc, nickel, manganese, and chromium are added to aluminum alloys. From aluminum alloys They produce cast architectural parts and sculptures, as well as jewelry. Bronze. It is an alloy of copper with zinc, tin, and lead. Tin-free bronzes are also produced. In the history of mankind, an entire era is called the Bronze Age, when people, having learned to smelt bronze, made household items, weapons, banknotes (coins), and jewelry from it. Currently, monuments, monumental sculptures, as well as interior decoration items for theaters, museums, palaces, and underground metro station lobbies are made from bronze. Gold. From ancient times to the present day, gold has been the most common metal for making jewelry, tableware and interior decoration. It is widely used for gilding ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as for preparing solders. Gold in its pure form is a beautiful metal yellow color. Gold alloys can be white, red, green, or black. Gold is a very viscous, ductile and malleable metal. Gold alloys are easy to cut, grind and polish. Gold is not subject to oxidation. It dissolves only in selenic acid and aqua regia- a mixture of concentrated acids: one part nitric and three parts hydrochloric. Iridium. This metal resembles tin in appearance, but differs from it in its high hardness and brittleness. Iridium polishes well, but is difficult to machine. It is not affected by alkalis, acids, or their mixtures. Iridium is used in jewelry. Brass. This is an alloy of copper and zinc, used for making tableware and interior decoration (chasings), as well as various jewelry, often silver-plated or gold-plated. Brass can be successfully processed by cutting, easily soldered, rolled, stamped, minted, nickel-plated, silver-plated, gold-plated, oxidized, "compared to pure copper, they are more durable and hard, much cheaper and more elegant in color. Brass with a low zinc content (from 3 to 20%), called tombak, has a reddish-yellow color. Magnesium. This metal is four times lighter than bronze. Alloys consisting of magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, as well as copper and cadmium, have recently been used for the manufacture of interior decoration items for industrial facilities. Copper. It is a soft, extremely ductile and tough metal, easily amenable to pressure processing: drawing, rolling, stamping, embossing. Copper can be ground and polished well, but quickly loses its shine; it is difficult to sharpen, drill, mill. Pure or red copper is used for the manufacture of filigree jewelry and interior decoration items - coinage. Copper is used to prepare solders (copper, silver, gold), and also as an additive to various alloys. Nickel. White, highly lustrous metal, chemically resistant, refractory, durable and ductile; It is not found in its pure form in the earth's crust. Nickel is used mainly for decorative and protective coating of tableware items and jewelry, and nickel-based alloys (nickel silver and nickel silver), which have sufficient corrosion resistance, strength, ductility and the ability to be easily rolled, minted, stamped and polished, are used for the manufacture of tableware and interior decoration, as well as jewelry. Niobium. Very similar to tantalum. Resistant to acids: it is not affected by aqua regia, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, perchloric acids. Niobium is soluble only in hydrofluoric acid and its mixture with nitric acid. Recently, it has begun to be used abroad for the manufacture of jewelry. Tin. In ancient times, coins were minted from tin and vessels were made. This soft and ductile metal is darker in color than silver and superior in hardness to lead. In jewelry, it is used in the preparation of solders and as a component of alloys of non-ferrous metals, and recently, in addition, for the manufacture of jewelry and interior decoration items. Osmium. It is a shiny, bluish-gray metal that is very hard and heavy. Osmium does not dissolve in acids and their mixtures. It is used in alloys with platinum. Palladium. This tough, ductile metal can be easily forged and rolled. Palladium is darker in color than silver, but lighter than platinum. It dissolves in nitric acid and aqua regia. Palladium is used to make jewelry, and is also used as an additive in alloys with gold, silver, and platinum. Platinum. Platinum is used to make jewelry and as a decorative coating. Plasticity, strength, wear resistance, play of color - these are the properties of platinum that attract jewelers so much. Platinum is a shiny, white metal, very malleable, and dissolves with great difficulty even in boiling aqua regia - a mixture of three parts nitric and five parts hydrochloric acid. In nature, platinum is found with admixtures of palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium. Rhodium. A fairly hard but brittle metal, similar in color to aluminum. Rhodium does not dissolve in acids and their mixtures. Rhodium is used for decorative coating of jewelry. Ruthenium. A metal that looks almost no different from platinum, but is more fragile and hard. It is used in an alloy with platinum. Lead. A very soft and tough metal, easily rolled, stamped, pressed, and cast well. Lead has been known since ancient times and was widely used for the manufacture of sculptures and decorative architectural details. In jewelry, lead is used to prepare solders and as a component in alloys. Silver. This metal is very widely used for the manufacture of tableware and interior decoration, various jewelry, and is also used for the preparation of solders, as a decorative coating and alloy in gold, platinum and palladium alloys. Silver has high ductility and malleability; it can be cut, polished, and rolled well. It is harder than gold, but softer than copper, soluble only in nitric and hot sulfuric acids. Steel. Steel is produced by remelting pig iron (white cast iron). In the production of artistic products, stainless steel and dark-colored blued steel (specially treated) are used. Stainless steel is used to make tableware and interior decorations, and, more recently, jewelry; blued steel is used to make jewelry. To give stainless steel products a more elegant look, they are gold-plated or silver-plated. Tantalum. Metal gray with a slightly leaden tint, second only to tungsten in terms of refractoriness. It is characterized by ductility, strength, good weldability, and corrosion resistance. Jewelry firms in Western countries use tantalum to make certain types of jewelry. Titanium. This is a shiny, silver-colored metal that can easily be processed in various ways: it can be drilled, sharpened, milled, grinded, soldered, and glued. In terms of corrosion resistance, titanium is comparable to precious metals. It has high strength, low density, and is quite lightweight. Recently, in foreign countries, a wide range of different types of jewelry has been made from titanium. Zinc. It is a grayish-white metal with a bluish tint. The first artistic products made of zinc - decorative sculptures, bas-reliefs - appeared in the 18th century. At the end of the 19th century, candlesticks, table sconces, candelabra, and decorative sculptures were made from zinc using artistic casting, which were often tinted bronze or gilded. In jewelry, zinc is used to prepare solders, and also as one of the components in various alloys. Cast iron. There are the following types of cast iron: foundry (gray), pig iron (white) and special. For the manufacture of artistic products, only foundry or gray cast iron is used. Gray cast iron is the main material for artistic casting. Vases and small sculptures, caskets and boxes, ashtrays and candlesticks, gardening items and many other products are cast from it. |
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Brass or steel in household piping
When choosing shut-off valves for pipelines, or even if you buy a regular faucet for home, sooner or later the question may arise about the material of these products: “What is better, brass or steel?” Indeed, over time (and water through the pipes), due to the fact that in cold water and hot water systems the environment is generally not suitable for drinking, not so clean, lime deposits, burr are formed, or even electrochemical corrosion processes are possible, which can significantly narrow the channel's capacity in connecting nodes, or even disable it.It is known for certain that such corrosion can occur in the presence of several factors - the connection of two different metals having different electrochemical potentials, their contact and immersion in an electrically conductive medium, and since a liquid is such, we can conclude that over time this contact can negatively affect the operation of the locking unit.
Steel is quite sensitive to water quality and tends to collect much more new growths and contaminants on the surface than brass, moreover, brass does not darken and is absolutely not susceptible to corrosion, and according to authoritative information it has a long service life - over ten years, with virtually no loss of its shine, which in household plumbing makes sense, agree. When making parts from brass, as well as in cases with stainless steel, nickel or chromium is often added to its composition to improve its characteristics. Steel still darkens over the years, plus, products made from it are somewhat more expensive. You may have probably noticed that household taps made of stainless steel have become less and less common on sale, and there are a number of reasons for this, in addition to the already obvious ones mentioned above; when installing these, you need to take care of a special filter, in general this, as you can see, is quite troublesome and not cheap.
In general, the ideal material for domestic water equipment is copper, which, due to its sanitary parameters, is most suitable for this, but this needs to be discussed in a separate line.
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What is heavier: gold or lead, iron, silver or platinum? Almost everyone in school was told by their chemistry teachers about the incredible density of the yellow metal. And most of the students asked what is heavier, gold or its counterpart on the periodic table - lead? It is about 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Thanks to his chemical composition
That is why it is so actively used in dentistry. This metal can be not only yellow. It depends on the components included in its composition. However, regardless of color, products made from this metal are incredibly popular.
The question arises, how does the density of gold compare to the density of other metals? Which element has the largest mass? This article can answer these and many other questions.
Uses of gold
The demand for the yellow metal determines not only its use in the production of jewelry and the increase in the state’s gold and foreign exchange reserves. It is also very widely used in many other areas.
In industry, gold began to be actively used due to its chemical properties. It covers mirrors operating in the far infrared range. This is especially useful when conducting all kinds of nuclear research. Gold is also very often used for soldering components made of various materials.
Another area of application is dentistry. This is due not only to the impossibility of the yellow metal entering into a chemical bond with the human body, but also to its incredible corrosion resistance.
Pharmacology also cannot do without the use of this amazing yellow metal. Gold compounds are now actively used in various medical preparations that save from a wide variety of diseases.
These are not the only uses for gold. With rapid progress, there is an increasing need to utilize the gold content in technological innovations. From this we can conclude that yellow metal is not only an attribute of luxury, but also a useful technical tool, the importance of which is increasing every year.
Silver, like gold, has been known to mankind since ancient times. It is used not only in the manufacture of jewelry, but also for the production of tableware. Previously, silver was very actively used in coinage. And today you can see some coins containing a little silver. When choosing a precious metal, the question often arises: what is heavier, gold or another precious metal - silver.
The density of this metal is slightly less than that of lead. It is equal to 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. This means that gold is almost twice as heavy as silver.
In addition to creating silverware and various decorations, this material is very actively used in industry, as well as in the photo industry.
The main properties due to which this element has become so widely used in the industrial field are excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, excellent resistance to interaction with the environment, as well as excellent reflectivity.
Rapidly developing technological progress has significantly reduced the use of silver in the photographic industry. This is due to the fact that thanks to the introduction of modern technologies, the process of producing and using photographic equipment has become much more accessible to most people. This is what ensured a reduction in the use of silver by more than 3 times.
Due to its bactericidal properties, this metal is very actively used in medicine. Currently, silver is used to produce antibacterial patches, as well as to produce filters for purifying water from harmful microorganisms.
Silver nitrate used in medicine. It should be said that the density of lead is almost 10 times less than the density of the noble yellow metal. To understand the density of lead, it should be said that the density of birch or linden is 25 times less. According to the density table, lead is in 20th place, and gold is in seventh. From this it is easy to conclude that the yellow metal is much heavier than its opponent.
This item It is very well used in the production of various metal structures, as well as in the medical field. This is due to the non-transmission of X-ray rays. Widespread use of lead in various fields This is also due to the very cheap cost of this metal. Its cost is almost half the cost of aluminum. Another advantage is the relative ease of extraction of this material, which provides a huge supply to the world market.
It is one of the oldest metals known to man. The first metal products, according to the results of archaeological research, appeared in the fourth millennium BC. Iron is much cheaper than the yellow precious metal. This is due to the high content of iron ore in the depths. And as they say in the economics textbook, the greater the demand, the lower the price of the product.
Unlike gold, iron has several oxidation states, and it interacts very actively with the environment. Russia occupies a leading position in the world in terms of iron ore reserves.
You should immediately answer the question of interest: what is heavier, a precious metal like gold or ordinary iron. To answer this you will need to look at the density of metals. The density of the precious metal is already known, let’s find the value for iron. It is equal to 7.844 grams per cubic centimeter. It follows from this that this metal, with an equal volume, is not only lighter than gold, but also silver and lead.
Platinum
This element has been known since time immemorial, but in Europe, in its pure form, it was obtained at the beginning of the 19th century. Platinum is a noble metal whose value used to be 2.2 times that of gold. This was due to the very small amount of platinum in the world. There are about 30 grams of platinum per kilogram of the yellow metal. At this point in time, the cost of gold is noticeably higher. This is due to the chemical and physical properties of the metal.
Platinum is a white-silver metal of extraordinary beauty, which, like gold, occupies leading place among metals. The most important feature of this metal is its strength. Therefore, platinum jewelry does not wear out. In Russia, the following hallmarks of platinum exist - 950,900, 850. A platinum jewelry item contains about 95% pure platinum, and a gold item contains 750 assay value, 75% gold.
Due to its high content, this metal is almost impossible to scratch. This is why it is so widely used in industry. But with gold it’s a completely different story. Another reason is the fact that all countries' gold and foreign exchange funds consist of gold. This practice has evolved over centuries and now it is simply pointless to spend decades reforming a well-functioning system.
It is surprising that platinum, at a certain period of time, was considered waste from gold mining, which was immediately thrown away.
Having assessed the density of the above metals, I wanted to know what would be heavier, gold, which will remain the unsurpassed leader, or platinum. The density of platinum is 21.45 grams per cubic centimeter. From this we can conclude that platinum is heavier than the yellow metal. That's why jewel Platinum weighs more than gold.
Heaviest elements
The density of five elements was given above, of which platinum is the heaviest. However, it is not the heaviest element existing on earth. The density of the heaviest element is 22.61 grams per cubic centimeter. His name is Osmium.
Only this is not the limit of density. True, this element was created artificially in 1984. They named it Hassiy, its density is almost twice that of osmium.
Surprisingly, this is not a chapel either. There are materials many tens of times higher than the density of Hassia. However, they are in outer space. The matter contained in white dwarfs can have a density of up to 1000 tons per cubic centimeter. This news shocked the world community.
However, this is not the limit. Neutron stars contain matter with a density of about 500 million tons per cubic centimeter. This figure can easily be surpassed by the density of black holes, however, due to the difficulties of conducting research, this is only theoretical.
Almost everyone in school was told by their chemistry teachers about the incredible density of the yellow metal. And most of the students asked what is heavier, gold or its counterpart on the periodic table - lead? It is about 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Due to its chemical composition, gold does not enter into any reaction with the environment.
That is why it is so actively used in dentistry. This metal can be not only yellow. It depends on the components included in its composition. However, regardless of color, products made from this metal are incredibly popular.
The question arises, how does the density of gold compare to the density of other metals? Which element has the largest mass? This article can answer these and many other questions.
Uses of gold
The demand for the yellow metal determines not only its use in the production of jewelry and the increase in the state’s gold and foreign exchange reserves. It is also very widely used in many other areas.
In industry, gold began to be actively used due to its chemical properties. It covers mirrors operating in the far infrared range. This is especially useful when conducting all kinds of nuclear research. Gold is also very often used for soldering components made of various materials.
Another area of application is dentistry. This is due not only to the impossibility of the yellow metal entering into a chemical bond with the human body, but also to its incredible corrosion resistance.
Pharmacology also cannot do without the use of this amazing yellow metal. Gold compounds are now actively used in various medical preparations that save from a wide variety of diseases.
These are not the only uses for gold. Due to rapid progress, there is an increasing need to use gold content in technological innovations. From this we can conclude that yellow metal is not only an attribute of luxury, but also a useful technical tool, the importance of which is increasing every year.
Silver, like gold, has been known to mankind since ancient times. It is used not only in the manufacture of jewelry, but also for the production of tableware. Previously, silver was very actively used in coinage. And today you can see some coins containing a little silver. When choosing a precious metal, the question often arises: what is heavier, gold or another precious metal - silver.
The density of this metal is slightly less than that of lead. It is equal to 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. This means that gold is almost twice as heavy as silver.
In addition to creating silverware and various jewelry, this material is very actively used in industry, as well as in the photographic industry.
The main properties due to which this element has become so widely used in the industrial field are excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, excellent resistance to interaction with the environment, as well as excellent reflectivity.
Rapidly developing technological progress has significantly reduced the use of silver in the photographic industry. This is due to the fact that thanks to the introduction of modern technologies, the process of producing and using photographic equipment has become much more accessible to most people. This is what ensured a reduction in the use of silver by more than 3 times.
Due to its bactericidal properties, this metal is very actively used in medicine. Currently, silver is used to produce antibacterial patches, as well as to produce filters for purifying water from harmful microorganisms.
Silver nitrate used in medicine.
It should be said that the density of lead is almost 10 times less than the density of the noble yellow metal. To understand the density of lead, it should be said that the density of birch or linden is 25 times less. According to the density table, lead is in 20th place, and gold is in seventh. From this it is easy to conclude that the yellow metal is much heavier than its opponent.
This element is very well used in the production of various metal structures, as well as in the medical field. This is due to the non-transmission of X-ray rays. The widespread use of lead in various fields is also associated with the very cheap cost of this metal. Its cost is almost half the cost of aluminum. Another advantage is the relative ease of extraction of this material, which provides a huge supply to the world market.
It is one of the oldest metals known to man. The first metal products, according to the results of archaeological research, appeared in the fourth millennium BC. Iron is much cheaper than the yellow precious metal. This is due to the high content of iron ore in the depths. And as they say in the economics textbook, the greater the demand, the lower the price of the product.
Unlike gold, iron has several oxidation states, and it interacts very actively with the environment. Russia occupies a leading position in the world in terms of iron ore reserves.
You should immediately answer the question of interest: what is heavier, a precious metal like gold or ordinary iron. To answer this you will need to look at the density of metals. The density of the precious metal is already known, let’s find the value for iron. It is equal to 7.844 grams per cubic centimeter. It follows from this that this metal, with an equal volume, is not only lighter than gold, but also silver and lead.
Platinum
This element has been known since time immemorial, but in Europe, in its pure form, it was obtained at the beginning of the 19th century. Platinum is a noble metal whose value used to be 2.2 times that of gold. This was due to the very small amount of platinum in the world. There are about 30 grams of platinum per kilogram of the yellow metal. At this point in time, the cost of gold is noticeably higher. This is due to the chemical and physical properties of the metal.
Platinum is a white-silver metal of extraordinary beauty, which, like gold, occupies a leading place among metals. The most important feature of this metal is its strength. Therefore, platinum jewelry does not wear out. In Russia, the following hallmarks of platinum exist: 950,900, 850. Platinum jewelry contains about 95% pure platinum, and a gold item contains 750 hallmarks, 75% gold.
Due to its high content, this metal is almost impossible to scratch. This is why it is so widely used in industry. But with gold it’s a completely different story. Another reason is the fact that all countries' gold and foreign exchange funds consist of gold. This practice has evolved over centuries and now it is simply pointless to spend decades reforming a well-functioning system.
It is surprising that platinum, at a certain period of time, was considered waste from gold mining, which was immediately thrown away.
Having assessed the density of the above metals, I wanted to know what would be heavier, gold, which will remain the unsurpassed leader, or platinum. The density of platinum is 21.45 grams per cubic centimeter. From this we can conclude that platinum is heavier than the yellow metal. Therefore, jewelry made of platinum weighs more than jewelry made of gold.
Heaviest elements
The density of five elements was given above, of which platinum is the heaviest. However, it is not the heaviest element existing on earth. The density of the heaviest element is 22.61 grams per cubic centimeter. His name is Osmium.
Only this is not the limit of density. True, this element was created artificially in 1984. They named it Hassiy, its density is almost twice that of osmium.
Surprisingly, this is not a chapel either. There are materials many tens of times higher than the density of Hassia. However, they are in outer space. The matter contained in white dwarfs can have a density of up to 1000 tons per cubic centimeter. This news shocked the world community.
However, this is not the limit. Neutron stars contain matter with a density of about 500 million tons per cubic centimeter. This figure can easily be surpassed by the density of black holes, however, due to the difficulties of conducting research, this is only theoretical.
