Children are very inquisitive and, surprised by something, are ready to find out the reasons for the miracle. Parents should take advantage of these features to begin introducing their child, including restless ones, to science. Experiments are especially popular with children. Remember that children are always interested in educational activities in the form of games, and every parent can draw up a plan-scenario.
The article has prepared a selection of the simplest but educational experiments with a minimum of necessary props: you will need a magnet and a few other things that can be found in absolutely any apartment. Experiments with magnets for preschoolers can be carried out at home or demonstrated in nature.
At what age will a child understand experiments with a magnet?
In general, teachers do not make restrictions: they show in kindergarten, and at school. Children perceive magnetism as real magic, while older children, through experiments with magnets, gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena occurring in the world around them. During experimental classes, curiosity develops and the child’s mental activity is activated. Therefore, there is no need to worry that the child will not understand the essence of the experiment. The development of cognitive interests is also a good goal of the magnet experience. And when the baby grows to new knowledge, you can repeat the lesson and explain the reasons for the phenomena occurring.
Experiment 1: what attracts a magnet
Conducting an experiment with a magnet is easy to organize. You will need several experimental materials - easy and familiar to the baby. For example:
- handkerchief;
- paper napkin;
- pencil;
- screw;
- penny;
- a piece of foam;
- pencil, etc.
And, of course, a magnet. Invite your child to hold a magnet to each exhibit and observe.
This experience can be expanded by using products made from various metals: aluminum, gold, silver, nickel and iron. By conducting an experiment, you can explain the characteristics of metals, showing how iron is different from others.
Be sure to analyze the results of the experiment with a magnet. Children absorb knowledge like a sponge, so don’t be afraid to “load” your child with unnecessary information. It is at this age that the ability to learn and the desire to learn new things is laid down.
Experience 2: “Find treasure in the desert”
A very easy magnet experience for children in the form of a game. Place paper clips or other iron in the container small items, cover them with flour or semolina. Invite your child to think about how to get the treasure. Sift? By touch? Or maybe it’s more convenient with a magnet?
This experiment will help children understand that magnetism works on iron objects and through other materials such as paper and glass.
Place paper clips on a cardboard or wooden sheet and, moving a magnet under the material, demonstrate the movement of iron parts. The same experiment can be done with a sheet of glass. For example, on a regular coffee table with a glass top, place several iron objects and move a magnet from below.
Conclusion: a magnet can magnetize iron through paper of different densities, thin boards or glass.
By the way, the experience can be turned into another game. Make an applique on a piece of paper, for example: flower meadow. Cut out a butterfly from colored paper, attach a paperclip to it and, using a magnet on the reverse side, “transplant” the butterfly from one flower to another.
Experiment 3: magnet, water and magnetic field
Experiments with water seem amazing to children. Take a glass or glass cup, place paper clips in it and start moving the magnet along the wall of the glass. Objects from the water will “crawl” upward following the movement of the magnet.
Another experiment is the action of a magnet at a distance. Draw lines at different distances on a piece of paper. Place a paper clip on each one. Ask your child to analyze the distance the magnet acts, bringing it closer to the experimental materials.
A magnet exhibits its strength only at a certain distance from an object. When the distance between the object and the magnet is significant, the object is outside the range of action. Thus, it is possible to reduce or even neutralize it.
This phenomenon can be shown using a coin. Tie it with thread, glue the thread to the cardboard and place it on the table. Bring the magnet to the coin at a distance of one meter. Move the magnet closer to the coin until the coin begins to move. Measure the distance with a ruler. Bring the magnet even closer so that the coin is attracted to it. Measure again. When the magnet is within the line, it attracts the coin. But when the magnet is out of line, the coin stays in place.
In this way, you will be able to explain the concept of a magnetic field and its properties, and then show it. The magnetic field is usually invisible, but using metal filings you can demonstrate its boundaries. Sprinkle metal filings onto a sheet of paper or glass, bring a magnet with reverse side- the shavings will collect in volumetric pattern. This is the influence of the magnetic field, which can be noticed by placing a magnet also on the bottom of the sheet under the area occupied by sawdust on the sheet. The shavings will be located along the field lines.
The magnetic field “jams” the sand
Another experiment on this property with sand. Dip the needle into the glass and pour some sand into it. Bring the magnet to the walls of the glass - the needle does not react to the magnet. Now place the needle in a glass of water and do the same with the magnet. The needle will follow the magnet to the edges of the glass.
Explain that a magnetic field penetrates water. If the walls of the glass consisted of some kind of magnetic material, then the needle would still be attracted to the magnet, but not with such force. The magnetic field would be weakened by the walls of the glass.
Experiment 4: conductor magnet
A magnet can transmit attractive properties through iron. For this experiment you will need a strong magnet. It is better to do actions vertically. Hang a paperclip to the magnet and the next paperclip to it. Ask your child to help you by attaching “links” to the magnetic circuit.
Another almost similar experiment can show that a magnetic field can be easily created artificially. Remove the magnet from the chain of paper clips; if you then bring them closer to each other, they will begin to attract, as if a magnet were working. This happens because the atoms in an iron object, under the influence of a magnetic field, line up in the same row as in a magnet, temporarily acquiring its properties.
Experiment 5: compass
You can demonstrate the effect of the Earth's magnetic field. To do this you will need a compass, a needle and a transparent plate. Explain all stages of conducting an experiment with a magnet.
Hold the needle on the magnet for a few minutes, then apply oil to it and place it in a plate of water. The needle will begin to move until it freezes in one position. Bring the compass to the plate; if the device is working properly, its arrow will show the same direction as the magnetized needle.
Tell your child that the Earth is also a magnet. And the planet’s magnetic field directs the magnetic compass needle north.
You can conduct an experiment with a compass in nature - it’s so exciting and even more educational. Of course, determining the direction in this way will not be very convenient, but it will be interesting. Thus, you will demonstrate an example of the “magical” properties of familiar objects that can replace a compass on a hike.
Miracle magnet
Not only the experiments with the magnet are interesting, but also the short story about it. Show your child that there are magnets in many things: phones, computers, cabinets, etc. Magnets are used in cars, electric motors, musical equipment, toys, etc. Tell your child:
- Origin of the magnet.
- About magnets in solar system.
- About natural and artificial magnets.
An educational lesson can be conducted before the experiments, during the experiments, or after revealing all the secrets. We will help you a little, however, our material can easily be supplemented and expanded.
What is a magnet?
This is a body that can attract iron and steel objects. Known for a long time, the ancient Chinese knew about magnets more than two thousand years ago. Magnit - from the name of the region where magnetic deposits were discovered - Magnisia. This is in Asia Minor.
We have already said that the Earth is a magnet, add also that a magnetic field also exists in a person. Tell us about people who attract iron objects. There are many videos and photographs with examples on the Internet. The magnetic field in a person makes his energy shell visible through special equipment.
If you told a child about the galaxy, he will think interesting fact that the planets in the solar system are also giant magnets.
Tell your child about the types of magnets. There are natural ones - deposits of magnetic ores - and artificial ones - created by man from or using electric current.
Tatyana Grebneva
Target: development cognitive activity children in progress getting to know the properties of magnets.
Tasks:
Introduction to the concept"magnet".
Formation of ideas about properties of a magnet.
Updating knowledge about use properties of a magnet by humans.
Formation of skills to acquire knowledge through practical experiments, draw conclusions, and generalizations.
Developing skills of cooperation and mutual assistance.
Guys, yesterday we drew a clearing with flowers, and today a butterfly landed on it. She liked the clearing so much that she flies from flower to flower, doesn’t know which one to choose. How does she move around the painted clearing?
I'll tell you one old legend. In ancient times, on Mount Ida, a shepherd named Magnis tended the sheep. He noticed that his iron-lined sandals and a wooden stick with an iron tip were sticking to the black stones that lay in abundance under his feet. The shepherd turned the stick upside down and made sure that the tree was not attracted by strange stones. I took off my sandals and saw that my bare feet weren’t attracted to me either. Magnis understood that these strange black stones do not recognize any other materials except iron. The shepherd took several of these stones home and amazed his neighbors. From the name of the shepherd the name " magnet".
There is another explanation for the word " magnet" - after the name of the ancient city Magnesia, where these stones were found by the ancient Greeks. Now this area is called Manisa, and people still meet there magnetic stones. The pieces of found stones are called magnets or natural magnets. Over time, people learned to make their own magnets, magnetizing pieces of iron.
Extraordinary ability magnets attracting iron objects to oneself or sticking to iron surfaces has always raised eyebrows among people. Today we are closer let's get acquainted with their properties.
Experience “Does everything attract magnet?»
Teacher: “What materials do you see on the table? (Items made of wood, iron, plastic, paper, fabric, rubber)”
Children take one object at a time, name the material and bring it to it magnet. The conclusion is drawn that iron objects are attracted, but non-iron objects are not.
Experience "Does it work? magnet through other materials?
For experience you will need magnet, glass cup with water, paper clips, sheet of paper, cloth, plastic boards.
Teacher: “Or maybe magnet act through others materials: paper, fabric, plastic partition?” Children independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions.
(Magnet can attract through paper, fabric, plastic)
IMG]/upload/blogs/detsad-22311-1403769486.jpg Throw a paper clip into a glass of water. We lean against magnet to the glass at the level of the paperclip. After the paperclip approaches the wall of the glass, slowly move magnet up the wall.
Teacher: “What do we see? The paper clip follows the movement magnet and rises upward until it approaches the surface of the water. Maybe magnet attract through obstacles?
(Magnet Can work through glass and water.)”
A mindfulness challenge.
Pour cereal into a bowl (I have millet) and bury paper clips in it. How can they be collected quickly? There may be several answers options: by touch, sift, or use just determined property of a magnet attract everything iron.
Experience: "interaction of two magnets»
Educator: “What happens if you bring two magnet to each other?»
Children check by bringing one magnet to another(they attract). Find out what will happen if you bring magnet other side(they will repel. One end is called the south or positive pole magnet, the other end is northern (negative) pole magnet. Magnets are attracted to each other by opposite poles, and repelled by like poles.
(Conclusion : y magnet two poles.)
Experience: « Magnets act at a distance"
Educator: “Draw a line on the paper and place a paperclip on it. Now slowly move towards this line magnet» Mark the distance at which the paperclip suddenly “jumps” and sticks to magnet. Do the same experience with others magnets.
We conclude that magnets are different in strength, some of them are strong - they attract a paper clip from a long distance, others are weak - they attract a paper clip from a close distance.
(Conclusion: Around magnet there is something than it can act on objects at a distance. It's something called " magnetic field".)
Experience « Magnetic properties can be transferred to ordinary iron".
Educator: Try to strong magnet hang a paperclip from below. If you bring another one to it, you will find that the top paper clip attracts the bottom one! Try making a chain of these paper clips hanging on top of each other.
Carefully hold any of these paper clips close to smaller metal objects and find out what happens to them. Now the paper clip itself has become magnet. The same thing will happen with all iron objects (nails, nuts, needles, if they remain in magnetic field. Artificial magnetization is easy to destroy, if you just sharply hit the object.
(Conclusion : magnetic the field can be created artificially.)
Educator: What new did you learn today?
(Magnet attracts iron objects, acts through paper, fabric, glass, water. Magnets attract each other, act at a distance.)
And where in our group can meet a magnet? What about at home?
Do you want to see what happened to the heroes of Smeshariki when they found magnet?
Cartoon show “Smeshariki. Magnetism»
GCD in kindergarten “Wonderful experiments with a magnet.” Senior group
Antonenkova Evgenia Sergeevna, teacher of the Moscow Regional Preschool Educational Institution No. 59, NovosibirskDescription: I offer a summary of direct educational activities on experimenting with a magnet. For older children.
Target: Expand children's knowledge about magnets and some of its properties; teach to examine and experiment with an object, highlighting the expressed properties and qualities; develop mental operations, the ability to put forward hypotheses, draw conclusions, and activate children’s vocabulary. Get children interested in practical activities. We woke up early in the morning,
Smiled at the sun,
Mom will come into the room
As soon as the cockerel crows.
- What should I tell my mother then?
- Good night?
- WITH good morning I need to tell my mom
Good morning, wish dad.
To the whole world in the morning
We wish only the best!
Good morning!
Music morning greetings turns into a song about fixies.
TEACHER:- What a familiar song. What cartoon is she from?
CHILDREN: - About fixies. (Nolik appears on the screen)
TEACHER:- Guys, Nolik came to visit us and brought something. But this is theater, but not a simple one. Look. The characters in this theater can move. Think about what I use to control them? Why are they moving? (children express their guesses). If they find it difficult, the teacher helps with leading questions.
CHILDREN: Using a magnet.
TEACHER:- Pay attention, Look, a paperclip is attached to each figure, and behind the cardboard partition there is a magnet, as soon as I take the magnet to right side and the figure will follow the magnet
TEACHER: - Nolik wants to learn everything about magnets. And he asks us to help him. Shall we help? To do this, we need to go to the laboratory (children go to the tables)
- Let's remember the rules of behavior in the laboratory, cards - symbols will help us with this
The teacher shows the symbols.
1. Keep your work area tidy.
2. You cannot take substances and objects without the permission of the teacher.
3. Handle glassware, substances and laboratory equipment with care.
4. Work together amicably (in pairs, together).
TEACHER:- Well done! I hope everyone will follow the safety rules. Today, in our laboratory we will conduct experiments in order to learn about the wonderful properties of a magnet. And after each experiment, we, as researchers, need to draw certain conclusions.
TEACHER:- Pick up a magnet, look at it, touch it.
- What do you think the magnet is made of? (made of iron).
- The magnet is made of an alloy of several metals.
- Guys, alloy is when they take different metals, melt them in a furnace and join them together.
- What does it feel like? (cold, smooth, hard).
- Which ones? interesting properties Do you have a magnet that you are already familiar with?
CHILDREN: - A magnet can attract objects.
TEACHER: - I suggest you confirm this property of a magnet to attract objects. Pull the sample containers towards you.
Experience No. 1 “Attracts or not? »
In front of you is a container containing objects made from different material, let's name what objects are made of:
- This item is made of plastic
- This is a fabric sample
- This item is made of glass,
- This item is made of wood
- This is a sample paper
- This sample is made of iron.
TEACHER:- Each of you has tables on your table with images of objects from the container, if this object interacts with a magnet, i.e. the magnet attracted the object to itself, then on the card opposite this object you put a plus. If it doesn’t attract, then put a minus.
TEACHER:- I suggest taking the item that is first drawn in the table. What object is shown first?
CHILDREN: - Glass.
TEACHER:- We apply a magnet to it, is it attracted to the magnet or not?
The teacher demonstrates an experiment with a glass object.
CHILDREN: - No, it doesn’t attract.
TEACHER:- So on the card opposite the glass sample, what sign should be put?
CHILDREN: - Minus.
Continue experimenting on your own.
TEACHER:- Let's check the results of your experiment. What objects are not affected by the force of a magnet?
CHILDREN: - The force of a magnet does not affect glass, wood, plastic, objects made of fabric and paper.
TEACHER:- What objects are affected by the force of a magnet?
CHILDREN: - On iron objects.
TEACHER:- Let's think about what conclusion can be drawn from this experiment? To help you, I will start and you will continue.
Conclusion: a magnet attracts (what?) iron objects and does not act on (what materials?) other materials: plastic, wood, fabric, paper, glass)
Problem situation:
TEACHER:- I have two iron bolts in my hands. I bring the magnet to the first bolt and it is attracted. I bring it to the second one, and he?
CHILDREN: - Not attracted.
TEACHER: - Guys, not all metals are attracted by a magnet. I suggest you watch advice from Simka (video)
Conclusion: not all metals are attracted to a magnet.
TEACHER: - Is it interesting to be scientists? Learn new things about ordinary objects? All equipment is stored in our laboratory: instruments, various substances. Please tell me where fixies store their tools? What is the name of this miracle backpack?
CHILDREN: - Helper.
TEACHER: - That's right, Nolik suggests having a little fun with the song “Helper” (the child comes out and shows the movements, the rest repeat everything).
Musical physical exercise “Helper”
TEACHER: - Let’s continue our acquaintance with wonderful properties magnet. Guys, there are permanent, temporary and electric magnets. Permanent magnets are manufactured at the enterprise. They are made from an alloy of iron ore that is mined deep in the earth. The ore has the property of attracting iron objects.
You can make a temporary magnet yourself. To do this, you need to take any iron object and apply it to a magnet for some time. And it will acquire magnetic properties for a while. For example, a magnetized screwdriver is convenient for screwing in screws; they do not fall (show example).
Experiment No. 2 “Magnetization”
TEACHER: - Look, for the next experiment I will need a magnet and paper clips. I take a magnet and hold a paper clip to it. She was attracted. I bring the second one, and she is also attracted. Now - the third. A chain of paper clips was formed. Now I will carefully remove the chain of paper clips from the magnet. Look carefully - the chain is not broken
- Why didn’t the paper clips fall apart?
- Why did this happen?
CHILDREN: - They became magnetized (they turned into magnets).
- That's right, under the influence of a magnet, the paper clips became magnetized and short time became TEMPORARY magnets.
TEACHER: - I propose this experiment - perform the magic chain yourself.
Children perform an experiment.
TEACHER: - Well done, you are real wizards - you skillfully coped with the experience.
TEACHER: - But an electric magnet works thanks to electricity. Electric current flows, the magnet works, as soon as the electricity is turned off, the magnet loses its ability to attract objects. Now (child’s name) will show you how you can make an electric magnet at home. You cannot do it yourself, only TOGETHER WITH YOUR PARENTS.
A child comes out with a finished magnet, which he made at home with his parents, and tells.
CHILD: - We need a big nail, copper wire braided, battery (source of electrical energy). We wind the wire around the nail, making the turns close to each other so that there is no gap. The ends of the wire are cleaned by parents from the braid. Now we connect the ends to the battery and our magnet is working. We disconnect it, the magnet does not work.
TEACHER: - Let's remember what kinds of magnets there are?
CHILDREN: - Magnets are permanent, temporary and electric.
TEACHER: - Guys, magnets can be strong and weak. Their strength is determined by how much weight they can lift. Science does not stand still. Scientists have created a neodymium magnet. These magnets are the strongest on earth. Now I'll show it to you. I have two magnets of the same size. The one with silver color is a neodymium magnet, and the one with black color is a regular magnet. Here is a nut that is larger in size than our magnets. Do you think magnets will be able to lift it? (children's answers). Let's check! (a neodymium magnet lifts, but a simple magnet does not).
TEACHER: - Well, guys, now you know. What magnets are...
Conclusion: magnets can be strong and weak.
TEACHER: - Today, fairy tale heroes turned to us for help in our scientific laboratory.
Experience - game No. 3 “Let's help Cinderella.”
TEACHER: - Look guys, do you recognize the heroine of the fairy tale? (slide).
CHILDREN: - Cinderella (slide Cinderella is sad)
TEACHER: - Cinderella really wants to go to the ball, but she must fulfill the instructions of her evil stepmother, who gave Cinderella another job: she mixed buckwheat with metal objects and ordered her to quickly disassemble everything. Let's help Cinderella? I propose to divide into two teams (children come out.)
TEACHER: - One team will select iron objects from the cereal with their hands, and the other team will select using magic magnets (at a signal they begin to select objects from the cereal).
TEACHER: - Who was able to sort through the cereal faster?
CHILDREN: - From the one who sorted with a magnet.
EDUCATOR: - What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment with scattered metal objects?
Conclusion: metal objects are easiest and fastest to collect using a magnet.
TEACHER: - We helped Cinderella, look how happy she was (slide Cinderella smiles) and she needs to hurry to the ball.
- One more fairy tale hero turned to us for help.
My father has a strange boy
Unusual, wooden,
On land and under water
Looking for a golden key
He pokes his long nose everywhere...
Who is this? Answer: Pinocchio
Experience - game No. 4 “Golden Key”.
TEACHER: - Carefree Pinocchio ran along the shore of the lake, waving a golden key. Suddenly the key slipped out of my hands and fell into the lake. Oh, poor Pinocchio! What to do now? Let's help poor Pinocchio get the key? (In front of the children there is a basin with water at the bottom, which contains a key)
- There were scattered on the shore of the lake various items. This is a stick, a ribbon, a magnet, a stone, an empty bottle. Maybe we can use them somehow to get the key?
- Think about how you can get a key from the bottom of the lake?
Children make their own assumptions.
CHILDREN: - Tie a string to the magnet and remove it from the bottom.
A child ties a string to a stick. There is a magnet attached to the end of the string. Before lowering the magnet into the water, the teacher asks:
TEACHER: - What do you think, will the magnetic force act in water? (children's answers)
- Well, now we’re trying to get the key (they take out the key).
CHILDREN: - The magical power of a magnet works even in water!
TEACHER: - Well done. And I’ll give you a more difficult problem. Can you cope with a difficult task?
- How to get a paperclip out of a glass of water without getting your hands wet and you don’t have a string. There is only a magnet. Experiment (children experiment).
If it doesn’t work out, the teacher prompts.
TEACHER: - Guys, what conclusion can be drawn from our experiments?
Conclusion: Magnetic force can act through glass and water.
TEACHER: - Guys, tell me, where in the group do we meet a magnet and see its magical properties?
CHILDREN: - Magnetic alphabet, magnets for the board.
TEACHER: - Magnets are used in a variety of toys and electrical appliances: fans and transformers; mechanisms - magnetic locks and motors. Magnets help a person, look how many helpers there are that have magnets:
Headphones
Speakers from a music center
Handset
Bells that are located on the entrance doors of your houses and apartments
In refrigerator doors, magnets help keep the door closed
Even a bank card has a magnetic stripe
Fans
Magnetic locks
TEACHER: - Dear colleagues, today we conducted many interesting experiments. Let's remember what new and interesting things we learned about the properties of a magnet.
CHILDREN: - Magnets attract iron objects and have no effect on other materials.
- Not all metals are attracted to a magnet.
- Under the influence of a magnet, iron objects are magnetized and themselves become magnets for a short time.
- Magnets are permanent, temporary and electric.
- Magnetic force acts through water and glass.
TEACHER: - Where are magnets used? (children's answers)
TEACHER: - That's how many interesting things we told Nolik about magnets. And for this, Nolik gave us an interesting toy “Magnetic Labyrinth”.
- Now let's say goodbye to our guests.
CHILDREN: - Goodbye!
This educational activities I did it two years ago. When I was preparing for it, I made signs for work in the experimentation center. I hope they are useful to someone.
Research project
“Magnets and their properties”
One day one of my classmates brought a magnetic Bakugan toy to school. I really enjoyed playing with her. Since then I have been interested in magnets. I began to wonder if everything is attracted by a magnet? Does a magnet always retain its magical power attraction? Is it possible to magnetize an object??
Hypothesis: I assumed that
magnet attracts all metal objects;
You can create a magnet yourself if you study the properties of magnets.
Subject of research: magnets, their properties
Purpose of the study: find out what objects and how a magnet attracts.
Tasks:
define:
what is a magnet, what shape does it come in;
identify types of metals that interact and do not interact with a magnet;
where are magnets used;
learn to formulate conclusions and make small “discoveries” when setting up an experiment.
Progress of the study:
“Here in front of you is an ordinary magnet,
He keeps many secrets within himself.”
A magnet is a body that has a magnetic field. In nature, magnets are found in the form of pieces of stone - magnetic iron ore (magnetite). It can attract other similar stones to itself. In many languages of the world, the word “magnet” simply means “loving” - this is said about its ability to attract to itself.
There is oneold legend about a magnet .
In ancient times, on Mount Ida, a shepherd named Magnis tended sheep. He noticed that his iron-lined sandals and a wooden stick with an iron tip were sticking to the black stones that lay in abundance under his feet. The shepherd turned the stick upside down and made sure that the tree was not attracted by strange stones. I took off my sandals and saw that my bare feet weren’t attracted to me either. Magnis realized that these strange black stones did not recognize any other materials except iron. The shepherd took several of these stones home and amazed his neighbors. The name “magnet” came from the name of the shepherd.
In fact, more than two thousand years ago, the ancient Greeks learned about the existence of magnetite, a mineral that is able to attract iron. Magnetite owes its name to the ancient Turkish city of Magnesia, where the ancient Greeks found this mineral. Now this city is called Maniza, and magnetic stones are still found there. Pieces of found stones are called magnets or natural magnets. Over time, people learned to make magnets themselves by magnetizing pieces of iron.
The properties of magnets often seem almost magical.
To begin with, I read in children's encyclopedias and on the Internet what a magnet is. Next, I conducted several experiments with magnets.
Experiments
I invite you to my mini-laboratory for further research on the magnet and its properties.
“The important thing is experimentation!
Every moment of it is interesting to us.”
We have a wonderful suitcase in our class - the “Permanent Magnets” laboratory. Having opened it and examined the contents, I learned that magnets can be different forms and sizes: rectangular, square, round (disc), horseshoe-shaped (horseshoe-shaped) or donut-shaped, rod-shaped (rod-shaped).Show.
Experiment 1
Equipment :
a few nails
Conducting the experiment :
I'll put some nails on the table. I'll bring the magnet to the nails. The nails were attracted to the magnet.
Conclusion:
The force with which a magnet acts on nails is calledmagnetic force .
Experiment 2
Is everything attracted by magnets?
Equipment :
bar magnet
gold
silver
kit for studying the magnetic properties of materials in a plastic box:
iron plate
piece of cardboard
piece of cloth
copper plate
rubber eraser
nail
aluminum screw
wooden disk
pebble
clip
iron screw
Conducting the experiment :
I will bring the magnet to different items from the set. Magnetic force acts on paper clips, nails, iron bolts, iron plate. But it does not work on an aluminum bolt, gold, silver, a piece of cloth, a wooden disk, a rubber eraser, cardboard or copper plates.
Result:
I entered the results of the experiment into a table. (Show slide from presentation).
A table is a diagram for recording the results of an experiment.
Conclusions:
Some metal objects are attracted to a magnet, and some are not attracted to it.
I learned that magnets are pieces of steel or iron. But a magnet only attracts certain metals, such as iron, steel and nickel. Other metals, for example, aluminum, gold, silver, copper are not attracted to the magnet. Wood, rubber, paper, fabric do not react to magnets.
Application in life
Magnets are used to produce jewelry: Necklaces and bracelets can have a magnetic clasp or be made entirely of magnets (show kids some magnetic jewelry). Magnets are also used in children's toys (show children a magnetic construction set made from balls or another toy).
Experiment 3
Does a magnet work through other materials?
Equipment :
magnet
glass jug
clip
water
Conducting the experiment:
I'll throw a paper clip into the jug. I bet I can pull the paperclip out without getting my hands wet.
I'll put the magnet against the jug at the level of the paperclip. After it approaches the wall of the jug, I will slowly move the magnet up the wall.
Result:
The paperclip follows the movement of the magnet and rises upward until it approaches the surface of the water. Thus, it can be easily taken out without getting your hands wet.
This is because...
…that magnetic force acts through both glass and water. If the walls of the jug were iron or steel, the paperclip would still move, but less easily because some of the magnetic force would be absorbed by the wall of the jug.Using this property in life
Due to their ability to attract objects underwater, magnets are used in the construction and repair of underwater structures: with their help it is very convenient to secure and lay a cable or keep a tool at hand.
Magnets can work through paper, so they are used, for example, to attach notes to the metal door of a refrigerator.
Experiment 4
Equipment :
thread
carnation
magnet
knife
Carrying out :
I will hang a small nail on a thread and place a magnet near it.
Problem:
How can you make the nail swing like a pendulum without touching either the stud or the magnet?
The problem is solved as follows.
You need to take a knife and then place it between the pole of the magnet and the nail, then remove it. Magnetic force passes freely through all bodies except iron. Iron is a magnetic shield. Thus, when a knife is placed between a magnet pole and a nail, it blocks the path of the magnetic lines of force to the nail, and the nail hangs vertically. When we remove the knife, we thereby give the power lines the opportunity to act on the nail. The nail is attracted to the magnet with greater or lesser force and deviates from the vertical. By doing this, I quite quickly set the nail into an oscillating motion.
Conclusion:
Magnetic force passes freely through all bodies except iron. Iron is a magnetic shield.
Experiment 5
Equipment :
bar magnet
5 paper clips
5 nails
Carrying out :
I will hang several paper clips one after another from the magnet so that they form a chain. The greater the magnetic force, the longer the chain can be made.
Conclusion:
Magnets can be weak or strong.
Experiment 6
Which parts of a magnet attract objects more strongly?
Equipment:
bar magnet with marked and unmarked poles, 5 paper clips, 5 nails.
Carrying out:
I'll try to collect the nails using a magnet. (Show.)
Most of the nails are located along its edges.
To check the result I use a paper clip. (Show.)
The middle of the magnet has no effect on the paper clip at all, and its ends attract it most strongly.
Conclusion:
From this experiment and from children's encyclopedias, I learned that those areas in which the magnetic field has the strongest effect are calledmagnet poles .
Experiment 7
Equipment :
plastic test tube
bar magnet unmarked
Carrying out :
I'll try to bring two magnets with their poles to each other. Depending on the orientation of the poles, magnets will attract (opposite poles) or repel (like poles).
I’ll bring the marked (same name) poles of the magnets closer together. They push away.
Now let's place the magnets in the test tube. One magnet hovered over another. This happened because I arranged them with the same poles facing each other.
Conclusion:
Opposite poles of magnets attract, like poles repel.
Every magnet, even the smallest one, has two poles - north and south. The North Pole is usually colored blue, and the southern one - in red.
Application in life
The ability of magnets to repel is used on railways in China and Japan. Some high-speed trains do not have wheels: powerful magnets are installed inside the train and on the rails, which are turned towards each other with identical poles. Such trains practically fly above the rails and can reach enormous speeds.
Experiment 8
Equipment :
bar magnet with unmarked poles
bar magnet marked
minicarts
Carrying out :
I'll put the magnet in the mini cart. I'll try to move it with a magnet without touching it. Depending on the relative position of the poles of the magnets, the cart can be “pulled” or “pushed.” (Show.)
Conclusion:
Magnets can attract or repel other magnets.
When approaching, its opposite poles attract, and its equal poles repel. The properties of a magnet are most pronounced at its edges - the magnetic poles.
Experiment 9
Is it possible to create a magnet?
Equipment :
bar magnet
two thick needles
Carrying out :
I rub the needles with one end of the bar about 40 times (I will rub in one direction).
I will bring the needles one to the other, first from the eye, then from the point.
Result:
The needles either attract or repel, depending on the ends that are brought together.
This is because...
… that rubbing the needles with a magnet caused them to become magnetized. They behave like two magnets, mutually attracting or repelling, depending on the approaching poles.
Conclusion:
Any iron or steel object can be magnetized by rubbing the object against one of the poles of a magnet.
CONCLUSION
Through experience, I learned that magnets are pieces of steel or iron that attract various objects made of iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, chromium, or materials consisting of alloys of these metals. But a magnet only attracts certain metals, such as iron, steel and nickel. Other metals, for example, aluminum, gold, silver, brass are not attracted to the magnet.
There is also a magnetic screen through which magnetic force cannot pass. This is iron.
But the most interesting thing was that you can create a magnet yourself if you rub any iron or steel object against one of the poles of the magnet.
The properties of magnets are used in technology and in everyday life. Magnets are used to lift heavy loads in factories, magnetic devices are used in hospitals for treatment and diagnostics, magnets help people navigate in space, with the help of magnets sound is made audible in a telephone handset and the speaker of a tape recorder and TV, information in a computer and on plastic cards is recorded using magnetization .
The children's club held a lesson on the topic “Magnetism”. I’ll write in more detail about what we did, and we conducted experiments with magnets.
Undoubtedly, all children are familiar with magnets and love them very much. And so I brought a large magnet, poured out nails, paper clips, springs and all sorts of things, and the guys disappeared... Of course, they did not disappear, but they were so carried away by the magnetization that they were almost inaudible (and this happens very rarely).
What attracts a magnet
As I already wrote, the first thing we did was find out what was capable of being magnetized. The youngest boy in the group boldly answered that the metal iron was capable of this. It should be noted that scientists believe that the whole world around us is magnetized. The smallest particles - atoms - and people also have magnetic properties, and the Earth and the Sun are also magnets. Yes, this information puzzled the guys. Especially why Danya and Tima are not magnetized. But the answer is very simple, human magnets are very weak.
Magnet strength
Then they began to develop the topic that there are stronger and weaker magnets. We took a large magnet and a small one and began to attach paper clips to them. The large magnet formed a chain of three large paper clips, while the small one produced only two. Based on the number of magnetized paper clips, we conclude that the large magnet turned out to be stronger.
Carrying out this simple experiment, we made a small discovery - having been in a magnetic field, paper clips became temporary magnets, that is, they began to attract each other just like that without external influence.
The action of a magnet through different materials
We fiddled with paper clips and nails for a long time, and then decided to test the ability of a magnet to act through other objects. To begin with, we took a sheet of paper, placed a paperclip on top, and moved a magnet underneath and gave commands to the paperclip. Surprisingly, the paper clip unmistakably obeyed and moved in the indicated direction. Next, they thickened the barrier by taking a book. Then they played with nails, moving a magnet under the table... The children were delighted. By the way, in the lesson there was little Makar, who liked the fun with moving nails the most.
The guys had fun and everything was clear. But for some reason, they were puzzled by the ability of a magnet to act through water. IN plastic bottle We threw in paper clips, nails, and a spring with water, and the task was set to pull these little things out of the water without getting our hands wet. The boys and girls thought for a while, and then took turns leaning the magnet against the wall of the bottle and figured out how to do it all. They liked this idea so much that they drowned all the pieces of iron and each took out these treasures from the bottom of the bottle twice. Magnetic force acts through paper, plastic, glass and water, and through many other materials. Of course, as part of our simple experiments, we did not set out to find all of them.
A magnetic field is created around the magnet, but it cannot be seen, and I do not feel it at all (although I admit that someone is able to see it). And since in our group of young experimenters there is one scientist who always says “I don’t believe it,” we had to demonstrate these same magnetic field lines. A little metal dust was poured onto a sheet of paper, and a magnet was placed at the bottom of the sheet... Delight, iron Christmas trees grew on the sheet, and to some people soldiers appeared.
Since our scientists are only five years old, but in deep scientific explanations I didn’t go into detail, we just played and had fun.
If your scientists have already grown out of toddler age and want serious research, then study the topic of creating smart magnetic plasticine. Very interesting!
At the end of the lesson we talked about the compass. Of course, we touched it, felt it, and watched how the magnetic needle oscillated and where it pointed. Do you remember that the compass needle points north? But just observing was not enough for the guys, so we made our own compasses using a needle, a magnet and a saucer of water.
How to make a compass with your own hands
- First, we ran a magnet along the needle. This should be done in one direction.
- Cold water was collected in a saucer.
- We tried putting the needle on the water. Only one person succeeded, so it was decided to simplify the task. First they put a strip on the water paper napkin, and a needle was already placed on top. After a few minutes, the napkin sank, and the needle remained lying on the surface of the water. By the way, why? What was holding her back? You can read about this in the article “Surface tension or is it possible to run on water.”
- The needle became the needle of our home compass, which smoothly turned, pointing one end to the north. We checked this using a real compass.
This is the lesson we did about magnets. It was really fun. I’m thinking of making a continuation of this topic, because there are still many different magnetic ideas.
I found an interesting cartoon about why animals are not attracted by a magnet and whether this is true.
Let's face it, science is fun. I hope you enjoyed the experiments with magnets, if so, share the link with your friends on social networks. Invite us into your home laboratory. Tell us in the comments what you liked most and post a photo. We will be happy to share every joyful moment with you. And to make your future scientific research even more vivid and memorable, I have for you useful GIFT— “Collection of experiments with sound.” Have fun experimenting!
