Age-related changes in the face. Clinical cases “Age-related skin changes Why the oval of the face changes

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We have heard more than once about the benefits of hyaluronic acid, vitamins C and E. But what else does the condition of facial skin depend on and how to influence it comprehensively? Replenish the deficiency of collagen and elastin, use sunscreen, eat right - there is no point in talking about this in isolation from other processes: changes in bone mass and hormonal levels.

website I figured out what the results say scientific research about age-related changes.

How the body changes as we age

With age, the elasticity of the skin decreases, and we begin to invest heavily in skin care: patches, creams, serums, mesotherapy, cosmetic procedures, which seem to be improving appearance faces.

The appearance of wrinkles depends not only on the skin itself, but also on changes in subcutaneous structures: soft tissue, fat layer, and also the skull, which is susceptible to bone resorption. By understanding these mechanisms, it is possible to slow down aging.

With age, our skeleton becomes larger, on average by 10%, and its fragility increases. The pelvic bones, for example, actively grow until the age of 25–30, when the body prepares for the birth of a child. After 40 years, the hips become smaller, and this process continues until old age.

Nasolabial folds become deeper because the jaw bones change with age. Yes, this is due to both the loss of elasticity of the skin and changes in the soft tissues under the skin. But still, this area is more connected with teeth and their integrity.

The orbits of the eyes increase with age, and the inner upper corner and outer lower corner are most susceptible to destruction. Therefore, the eyebrows seem raised, and “crow’s feet” appear near the eyes: there is no longer the support for soft tissues that was there before.

Why a lift won't help?

Previously, it was believed that a lift could correct the situation. This idea was based on the traditional concept of facial aging: the skin loses its elasticity and sags, and wrinkles appear.

With the advent of new technologies and three-dimensional analysis, scientists began to better understand how the facial skeleton changes and which areas are more susceptible to resorption. Increasingly, correction of the skeletal structure is coming to the fore.

The main tasks of facial care change their emphasis slightly:

• slow down bone resorption;
• remove factors that increase destruction.

Since not only bones are destroyed, but also the fat layer, you should not believe in promises to return the skin to the youth and appearance it had 15–20 years ago, in one procedure. Here you need the advice of an expert who understands the features of facial aging, so as not to harm yourself.

How to slow down aging

To keep your face young and radiant for as long as possible, you need to slow down skin aging and changes in the skull, that is, bone resorption.

In youth, the skin is smooth, since the body has enough collagen and elastin, and facial fat is distributed evenly on the forehead, cheeks, and around the eyes. With age, collagen decreases and the fat layer loses volume. This causes the skin to sag.

How to slow down skin aging:

• Review your eating habits. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends eating less sugar, as it speeds up aging, and more vegetables and fruits, as they prevent cell damage.
• Moisturize the skin, do not injure it with scrubs and aggressive masks, do not wrinkle (because this way we make wrinkles deeper).
• Protect from sun, wind and frost. Harvard Medical School specialists

Age-related changes skin- symptoms and treatment

What are age-related skin changes? We will discuss the causes, diagnosis and treatment methods in the article by Dr. Taran L.S., a cosmetologist with 13 years of experience.

Definition of disease. Causes of the disease

Skin aging- a process in which the decrease in the maximum functional and reserve capabilities of all human organs, including the skin, progresses.

There are more than 300 hypotheses about the biological essence of aging, of which special attention The following deserve:

1. Hartmann's free radical theory. According to it, the main factor of aging is damage to cell macromolecules under the influence of free radicals - active forms oxygen, which is synthesized in mitochondria.

The human body has a defense system against free radicals - for example, many substances that enter the body with food have antioxidant properties. Eating such food provides the required daily dose of antioxidants. However, an excess of such substances can provoke an acceleration of oxidative processes in cells.

2. Maillard's theory of glycation, according to which aging develops as a result of a non-enzymatic reaction of monosaccharides with amino groups of proteins, resulting in the formation of so-called collagen cross-links. Such collagen is not destroyed by collagenase, and collagen cross-links accumulate in the dermis. The rate of this reaction depends on the concentration of sugars and time, and it increases sharply in the presence of free radicals. These, in turn, affect cell proteins, making them less protected from the effects of sugars.

The properties and functions of the skin and its appendages deteriorate with age, and the causes of these disorders are associated with many different factors: genetic predisposition, excessive sun exposure, smoking, dietary habits and hormonal disorders.

3. Extrinsic Aging Theory consists of exposure to environmental factors, including solar ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution and smoking - so-called photoaging.

If you notice similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Symptoms of age-related skin changes

Are common Clinical signs age-related skin changes:

1. skin atrophy - skin elasticity is lost, peeling, wrinkles, yellow tint, telangiectasias appear;
2. dry skin;
3. wrinkles - are folds or furrows. Wrinkles, in turn, are divided into mimic and static, superficial and deep;
4. skin elastosis;
5. star-shaped pseudoscars;
6. telangiectasias are tortuous and dilated skin capillaries, located mainly on open areas of the skin (cheeks, nose, ears, etc.);
7. pigmentation irregular shape: freckles, lentigo, spotted hypomelanosis, persistent hyperpigmentation;
8. dry skin - the sebaceous glands themselves do not change with age, but sebum production decreases significantly;
9. comedones;
10. hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands.

Pathogenesis of age-related skin changes

Aging is a biological process in which metabolic, structural and functional changes occur in the body; they affect not only the organs and systems of the body, but also external tissues (for example, skin aging).

Classification and stages of development of age-related skin changes

According to the classification proposed by Professor I.I. Kolgunenko, there are 5 types of aging:

1. tired morphotype of aging;
2. finely wrinkled morphotype of aging;
3. muscular morphotype of aging;
4. deformation morphotype of aging;
5. mixed morphotype of aging;

The tired morphotype of aging characterizes thin women with oval or diamond-shaped faces. They look tired and sleep-deprived, the nasolabial fold is noticeable, the corners of the mouth are drooping, there are “bruises” and “bags” under the eyes. The shape of the face does not change, although the youthful roundness is no longer present. Most often, proper rest allows such women to look good.

Finely wrinkled morphotype of aging characterizes narrow oval faces thin people (asthenics) with dry, thinned skin prone to irritation, on which telangiectasias can be seen. Pronounced crow's feet in the corners of the eyes, wrinkling of the eyelids, wrinkles around the lips, a fine network of wrinkles in the cheeks and ears.

Muscular morphotype of aging characterized by persons with developed facial muscles, moderate elastic skin, difficult to move relative to the underlying tissues. Aging proceeds according to the type of hypotrophy and atrophy of the skin and muscles, there is a violation of pigmentation, folding of the upper and lower eyelids, pronounced nasolabial folds, drooping corners of the mouth. At the same time, the skin of the cheeks remains smooth and even, and the oval contour of the face is preserved for a long time.

The deformational morphotype of aging is characterized deformational ptosis of the soft tissues of the face, dense, shiny, oily porous skin, manifestations of rosacea - telangiectasia. People of this type usually have a tendency to be overweight, the roundness of their face remains for a long time and there are no wrinkles. Over time, due to excess subcutaneous fat, bags under the eyes appear, eyelids droop, a double chin, jowls, and folds on the neck appear.

Combined aging morphotype includes in varying proportions the signs of the previous types; this is the most common type of aging.

Classification of skin phototypes according to Thomas Fitzpatrick:

Phototype- degree of skin sensitivity to exposure ultraviolet rays caused by hereditary factors.

Ultraviolet radiation initiates the development of photodermatoses, which aggravate the course of photosensitive dermatoses and provoke the occurrence of precancerous and malignant skin diseases. A complex of biological processes that occur under the influence of long-term UV radiation in various layers of the skin and cause its degeneration is usually called photoaging; its clinical manifestation is dermatoheliosis.

Degree of expression clinical manifestations photoaging depends on the cumulative dose of UV radiation received over a lifetime and the type of photosensitivity of a person's skin.

Clinically isolated IV stage of skin photoaging (according to R. Glogau).

Complications of age-related skin changes

Possible complications

1. Benign and malignant neoplasms.

Diagnosis of age-related skin changes

Treatment of age-related skin changes

1. Non-invasive methods

• Cosmeceuticals

Cosmeceuticals in last years has become a particularly popular destination. Initially, the term “cosmeceuticals” was proposed as a definition for medicines whose effectiveness approaches pharmacological ones. However, their therapeutic effect cannot be declared by the manufacturers, since, according to the current legislation of most countries of the world, all drugs that are not registered as medicines can only be used as cosmetics and cannot be recommended for the treatment of any diseases. Today, the term “cosmeceuticals” refers to lines that have a rejuvenating effect on the skin, in contrast to drugstore lines that are aimed at restoring healthy skin. Personal medical lines have become a recent news, that is, drugs developed by a specific specialist - a dermatologist or a doctor of aesthetic medicine.

There is a certain belief that cosmeceutical products, by definition, contain higher concentrations of active substances than organic or mass-market products. This is one of the popular misconceptions. In fact, the effectiveness of a cosmetic product is determined not only and not so much by the concentration of the active substance, but by its bioavailability, depth of action and ability to accumulate and the ability to retain active ingredients by skin tissues. An unconditional trend in cosmeceuticals is the use of acids in fairly high concentrations. Despite the fact that many cosmeceuticals have a pronounced local irritating effect, their potential effectiveness compensates for the discomfort during use. In addition, cosmeceutical preparations actively use formulas that include peptides that have targeted effects.

Today, there are several classes of peptides used to achieve a targeted cosmetic effect: these are peptides that restore the barrier function of the skin, peptides that stimulate the synthetic capabilities of deep skin structures, and peptides that block neurotransmission, which leads to a decrease in the excitability and contractility of facial muscles. Depending on the concentration, peptide-based products may be more or less active and effective. Formulas containing antioxidants are still in fashion. But, unlike in previous years, when single-dose medications were especially popular, there are complexes of various antioxidants that create a cascade effect with a prolonged therapeutic effect. To achieve a moisturizing effect, today drugs based on polysaccharides are actively used, including filtrates of yeast cultures and lactobacilli, which simultaneously have a healing effect. Viscous textures are becoming a thing of the past, while glycerin-based gels have gained new life.

Effective care skin care has always been the prerogative of professional cosmetics. Apparently, increasing the effectiveness of funds cosmetic care, which can be used independently, at home, with enough high level safety and minimal risk of complications, should be considered the most striking and growing trend in cosmetology.

• Hardware correction (treatment) methods

Laser exposure. Modern aesthetic medicine is unthinkable without the use of laser technologies, which can solve almost any problem in the field of dermatocosmetology. The procedure involves quickly moving a laser beam using a special scanning system over an area of ​​several square centimeters and thus removing the surface layers of the skin, that is, the laser beam acts like a scalpel. Uniform or fractional (in the form of a grid) damage to the skin, tissue heating and exposure to laser radiation at the dermal level occur, resulting in rejuvenation, lifting, and stimulation of fibroblasts. But there are lasers that do not damage the skin, for example, Fraxel; in such a situation, the lifting will be false, but the stimulation of fibroblasts and the thermal effect on the dermis will be true.

Phototherapy (IPL systems). It is based on exposure to broadband pulsed light (IPL), devoid of ultraviolet radiation, without visible damage to the skin. During a phototherapy session, light quanta are applied to the skin using a special device and manipulator. The length of the light waves ranges from 400 to 1400 nm and is regulated by the specialist performing the procedure, depending on individual characteristics patient. Light waves are actively absorbed by skin chromophores, depending on this, one or another result is obtained.

2. Injection treatments:

• Mesotherapy- administration of subcutaneous solutions containing hyaluronic acid, microelements, vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, peptides, placenta extract, etc. This method correction consists of a course of procedures, about 10, with an interval of 7 days. After the procedure, rehabilitation is necessary, since such temporary side effects, such as hematomas, swelling of soft tissues, redness of the skin.
• Biorevitalization- introduction of subcutaneous/intradermal hyaluronic acid. The main task of the injected hyaluronic acid is to moisturize the skin. The procedure is carried out in a course, with an interval of 10-14 days.
• Botulinum therapy. The methods used for correcting involutionally changed skin, including both therapeutic and surgical effects, do not always allow you to achieve the desired aesthetic effect. Increased activity of the facial muscles provokes the formation of wrinkles and accelerates involution processes. The formation of wrinkles is a consequence of degenerative processes that occur in the musculocutaneous system and intensify external factors(such as insolation, gravity, addictions, etc.); they are also determined by the individual genetic characteristics of a person.

The method of correction with botulinum toxin drugs is the ability of botulinum toxin type A to temporarily relax the muscles in the area of ​​​​injection of the drug for 3-12 months, affecting transport proteins in the area of ​​the neuromuscular synapse.

• Contour plastic- introduction of a gel based on hyaluronic acid subcutaneously to replace lost volumes, correct existing wrinkles (nasolabial folds, labiomental folds, “crow’s feet”, “rings of Venus”, etc.).

Forecast. Prevention

Recently, the topic of preventing skin aging has gained great popularity. Appearance significantly influences a person’s level of socialization and life satisfaction. Patients are not always satisfied with the fact that, as a rule, they cannot expect a lasting clinical effect from the usual methods of correction, therefore attempts to develop new treatment methods do not stop.

The key to healthy aging can be called a combination of stable psychological and physiological balance, an active and active lifestyle, balanced diet with a reduced calorie content, protection from the influence of adverse environmental factors and timely use of effective cosmetic products.

Nasolabial folds can become your problem as early as twenty-five, so the sooner you start fighting, the better.

What to do: The most effective methods today - bioreinforcement and biorevitalization, and for very deep folds - fillers with hyaluronic acid.

2. Dark circles under the eyes

Fotodom / Rex Features

The main reason for the well-known bruises under the eyes, and everything else crow's feet- thin skin in this area of ​​the face with a minimal layer of fat. Often we simply ignore problems in this area, relegating them to the background, despite the fact that a mature, middle-aged look immediately adds extra years.

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What to do: On early stage folk remedies that stimulate blood circulation will come to the rescue - compresses from green tea or herbal decoction, ice cubes, as well as various preparations with caffeine, blueberry, plantain, and arnica extracts.

If the process has already started, products with AHA acids, retinol, peptides or hyaluronic acid will become your friends. And try procedures such as peelings, mesotherapy, Thermage and Fraxel from a cosmetologist.

3. Skin color

Fotodom / Rex Features

The young lady’s skin literally glows from within and has an even tone. However, over time, the process of skin cell renewal slows down, making the complexion duller and pigmentation much more noticeable.

What to do: On initial stages Whitening face creams help fight pigmentation, and good sleep helps fight dullness. Next - photorejuvenation and Fraxel. And don’t forget to regularly use cream with SPF, take care of your health, and get enough sleep, of course.

4. Oval face

The problem of “floating” outlines is largely the result of heredity. Sometimes at 30, sometimes at 35, or even later, but there comes a period when the skin in the chin area begins to sag. Further, violations of the oval of the face only continue to intensify, and by the age of 45 the chances of violations are already 80%.

What to do: Facial gymnastics would be an ideal prevention. Well, if the situation requires serious intervention, chin reinforcement and thread strengthening will come to your aid. And by the way, changes in the oval of the face can be caused not only by the aging process, but also, for example, by the presence of hormonal disorders, so consulting a gynecologist will not hurt.

5. Hands

Fotodom / Rex Features

No matter how perfectly smooth our face is, our main business card always betrays us insidiously. Pigment spots, wrinkles, protruding veins - these are the main companions of age. In addition, the nails become thinner and more fragile, and yellow pigments appear on them, which, firstly, is not very aesthetically pleasing, and secondly, it also hints at the real numbers in the passport.

What to do: About 80% of characteristic age-related changes on the hands are caused by exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation. Use special ones regularly sunscreens and be sure to wear gloves when doing any housework or gardening. And, of course, a laconic manicure in neutral, noble shades will visually give your hands freshness.

6. Neck

Fotodom / Rex Features

One of the most mobile parts of the body is also one of the most susceptible to age-related changes. However, as in the situation with circles under the eyes, they remember about this problem only at the moment when it already makes itself felt quite clearly.

What to do: Posture plays a big role in the neck issue. Slouching only adds a fold or two, so we always pay attention to the shoulders and head position. In the fight against folds and wrinkles in this area, cosmetology also offers plasma lifting, ultrasonic lifting and fillers.

7. Excess weight

Fotodom / Rex Features

Unnecessary kilograms not only provoke the appearance age signs both outside and inside, they also visually make us older. Add to this poor posture and we get an extra ten years to age.

What to do: You need to fight excess weight smoothly and gradually. If unnecessary volumes are a genetic problem, it is best to resort to individual consultation nutritionist. If this is the result of nightly “gorges” and stormy weekends, we take as a basis the principles proper nutrition- and run to the gym. If desired, you can reinforce the result with procedures: lipolysis, cavitation and ozone therapy.

Text: Yulia Demina

The phrase “aging gracefully” is heard more and more often today - this, first of all, means looking younger than your age (and feeling the same). Only those who skillfully combine daily care, cosmetology procedures and plastic medicine. We asked you to help us deal with age-related facial changes and provide the necessary anti-age recommendations. plastic surgeon at the Beauty Doctor clinic Yuri Dikov.

Doctors usually do not perform plastic surgery on young people under 18 (with the exception of otoplasty - correction of the shape of the ears): the formation of the anatomy of their facial skeleton has not yet been completed.

Just a couple of decades ago in the Soviet Union, no one cared about the problems of teenagers, and protruding ears and youthful acne were a reason to strengthen character, but not to run to the doctor. Today, ears recommend “doing it” before school in order to avoid social pressure and, in worst cases, bullying (in general, in younger age they heal better).

The oval face in the period from 18 to 25 years is not bothered by age-related changes ( read also: “Plastic surgery up to 25 years: possible or not”). Main part plastic surgery at this age is associated with the desire to change the shape of the nose or the shape of the eyes - it happens that a genetic predisposition even at 20 gives bags under the eyes (so-called “hernias”). The most important thing you can do to maintain your youth and health now is healthy sleep, normal nutrition, active walks around the city, quitting smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, and, if possible, an adequate work schedule.

You must decide what kind of skin you have ─ this will determine what procedures you need to do and what care you prefer. The face does not yet require any serious anti-aging interventions, but it is worth at least choosing good cream. It is advisable to solve the problem of skin cleansing by getting rid of aggressive products and giving preference to gentle ones, and also agree once and for all with yourself not to go to bed without removing your makeup.

After 25 years, we begin to notice the first wrinkles - very small and timid. The main thing is not to be scared and stop frowning (this can make them “grow up”). Experts say that 25 years is the very age when the main future begins to be actively formed. aesthetic problems(nasolabial folds, facial wrinkles, bags under the eyes, drooping eyelids).

The first thing you need to do is to regularly include a visit to a cosmetologist in your schedule. The second is to find “your” specialist (this will take time). Finally, the third thing is to be patient and solve all problems without serious surgical interventions, but with the help of “beauty injections,” massages, and hardware cosmetology.

After 35 years, even the most disorganized of us, as a rule, acquire consistency and responsibility, and daily care becomes much better (but age-related changes are also more obvious). But the main thing is that now every “mistake” in the form of lack of sleep or an erroneous choice of cosmetics instantly makes itself felt. Classic signs of aging become more noticeable: vertical and horizontal wrinkles on the forehead, nasolabial folds, wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, circles or hernias under the eyes, a distinct nasolacrimal groove. It is at this moment that many women come close to the dilemma of “cutting” or looking for workarounds.

Of course, gravity does not inspire optimism, but there are still relatively simple and low-traumatic operations. For example, plastic surgery of the upper eyelid, after which the gaze immediately becomes open (rehabilitation, like the risks, is minimal - only a week). If the skin is not too stretched, you can raise the eyebrows or tighten the forehead - now this operation is done using small incisions in the scalp and a little “stitching” of the muscles. One of the obvious problems that age adds is the loss of facial volume, when, first of all, the eyes and cheeks “sink.” It can be solved with the help of fillers or lipofilling (injecting your own fat into “problem” areas). Excessive volumes ─ double chin or hernias under the eyes ─ can also be solved. When double chin You can do liposuction and tighten the skin with laser. Lower or circular blepharoplasty will help remove bags under the eyes.

If the problem cannot be solved with Botox, fillers and minimal, low-traumatic operations, and your appearance bothers you, it’s time to think about more serious things.

Typically, the sequence of age-related changes is as follows: first, the middle zone of the face “floats” and volumes from the cheekbones “slide” into the area where one would like to see indentations, followed by the lower third of the face, and then the neck. If up to this point you have been conscientious about facial care and more or less followed the above recommendations, congratulations - most likely, you look great. But if you just got around to it, but want to see your reflection in the mirror one hundred percent, you need to consider a SMAS facelift.

SMAS is an English abbreviation for the muscular-neurotic system. An operation of this kind is very serious, but a lift (

Instructions

Leather. This is perhaps the first thing people usually pay attention to when looking at a person’s face. In children, it is tender, very thin, pink due to the proximity of the vessels, and perfectly retains moisture. If you take a child's skin into a fold, it quickly straightens out.

Over the years, the layer of subcutaneous fat and the skin itself becomes thicker, which gives it even greater elasticity. But barely noticeable signs of withering appear in it after 23-25 ​​years. So, in youth and mature age It takes some time for the skin folds to straighten out completely.

In women, estrogen greatly influences skin quality. After 30-40 years, the level of this hormone begins to gradually decrease, and the dermis becomes dry, a little sluggish, and takes longer to heal. The folds at the corners of the mouth, the “crow’s feet” at the outer corners of the eyes and the nasolabial fold are more prominent. Small spider veins appear, sometimes - fluff on the upper lip.

After 50 years, the layer of subcutaneous fat and the skin itself becomes thinner again. It can no longer retain moisture well and becomes dry. IN old age the skin ceases to be so elastic that skin folds and wrinkles do not straighten out at all.

Facial bone skeleton. No matter how wonderful the muscles and skin are, the appearance of a person is still determined by the development of the facial bones. Throughout life they change their shape and shift.

Thus, with age, the eye sockets become larger. Because of this, the network of “crow’s feet” expands in the corners of the eyes and the lower eyelids droop. And due to the shift of the bones of the superciliary arches, new wrinkles appear on the forehead.

Changes in the bones and lower half of the face age the face. The nose is slightly lengthened and slightly pointed. The cheeks sag, the skin of the chin and neck shrinks, the oval loses its former outline. By the age of 50-55, the face usually increases slightly in width. His profile also changes.

Facial features change dramatically with the loss of teeth. If they are not replaced by dentures, the alveolar arches of the jaws wear out. Then the nasolabial folds become especially sharp, and the lower part of the face shortens and protrudes forward.

In addition, with old age, due to hair loss, the boundaries of the hair growth line change sharply. Graying eyebrows increase in size and visually move closer to the eyes, hanging over them.