Organic decomposition
The decomposition of organic matter is a long process. It is slowed down by cold and the presence of cleaning products containing chlorine in the drains. To monitor the cleaning process, inspection wells are installed. They speed up the cleaning process with the help of special additives.
Organic matter takes a long time to decompose, and the presence of chlorine-containing agents in water and low temperatures slow down this process even more. Manholes allow you to control treatment processes, and special additives accelerate chemical reactions.
Components
The septic tank contains components hazardous to the environment, and therefore the installation of such an object is subject to control by SES and must meet a number of requirements. The project must be approved, permissions and evidence are needed compliance with all standards.
Why a septic tank?
Purification of domestic wastewater using a septic tank made of concrete rings has a number of differences from a similar procedure where other sewage facilities are used. The advantages of this design include:
- maintaining clean soil at the work site;
- neutralization of a significant amount of sewage;
- low cost of installation work;
- low installation cost;
- the ability to install a septic tank in any soil;
- no need to clean frequently;
- long service life and ease of use;
- You can build a septic tank yourself using reinforced concrete rings.
The disadvantages of the structure are the difficulty of installation due to the need for excavation work, and in addition, the large weight of the ring-shaped elements, which require special technical means to carry.
Main stages of installation work
Constructing this project by the homeowner may seem like a very difficult task to the uninitiated. However, in fact, the installation process consists of several tasks that any home owner can perform:
- constructing a diagram and calculating the cubic capacity of the treatment facility;
- selection of a site for placing tanks;
- excavation of earth for a foundation pit;
- installation of concrete structures and connection of the sewerage pipeline;
- giving the septic tank waterproof properties and removing seams;
- closing the structure and throwing earth into the pits where it is located.
The design of a septic tank is related to the number of cleaning tanks. The number of cameras varies.
A single-chamber septic tank is suitable for compact houses not used for permanent residence. However, if you live big family If you intensively use household appliances with significant water consumption, you will need a drain purifier consisting of many chambers.
The main distinguishing feature of a single-chamber device is its operation on the principle of gradual accumulation of impurities in the internal part. Such a device must be constantly cleaned using sewage equipment.
In this regard, it is better to build collection basins from rings made of concrete, since they can accommodate runoff, which in volume will be fifteen times greater than the discharge rate for 1 day.
A two-chamber septic tank has greater versatility. The first container receives inclusions in solid form, and the second container receives liquid inclusions. With the additional installation of a drainage filter based on sand and gravel, the purified part of the drainage will enter the ground. Such a septic tank, of course, will require cleaning, but much less often than if you use a device with only one chamber.
Diagrams, calculations and other features of a septic tank
In accordance with the standards, a three-chamber septic treatment structure installed by the homeowner, equipped with concrete rings, must be made up of the following useful containers:
- chamber for settling incoming waste;
- a cleaning container in which waste is neutralized;
- a filtration tank that performs final wastewater treatment.
When calculating the size of the septic tank, it is necessary to take into account the number of residents permanently residing in the building and the daily water consumption rate for each resident. On average, one person who constantly uses water consumes up to 200 liters per day. A family of several people, accordingly, can use up to 600 liters per day.
According to generally accepted building standards, the treatment chamber must contain a volume of waste water that can accumulate for three days. Therefore, through simple arithmetic it becomes clear that the average family will need a septic tank with a volume of 1800 liters.
Sealing joints and arranging ventilation
The most important stage of installation is sealing the gaps between adjacent annular blocks with cement or other compounds. Poor sealing of gaps contributes to the appearance of bad odors in the local area. In order to improve the water resistance of the septic tank, it should be treated on the outside with a lubricant-sealant.
The first well should always include a four-meter pipe through which harmful gases formed during the settling of wastewater are evacuated. If necessary, such exhaust communications are installed on all septic tank wells.
After completion of all installation operations, the pits are backfilled.
The soil removed from the hole is mixed with sand and placed in the space between the hole and the rings of the tank. Each of the wells is closed with a concrete lid equipped with a special hole for a hatch.
Before you start building a septic well yourself, you need to study the opinion of professionals who know how to reduce costs and increase the speed of completing all work.
- To reduce the cost of building a septic tank, pits are dug for them before purchasing concrete rings. This procedure will be much more rational, since it is better to unload the rings with a crane directly into already dug recesses, rather than lay them out on the surface and then reload them into pits. This will avoid double work for the crane and, as a result, reduce the cost of its operation.
- To cover the septic tank with concrete slabs, it is necessary to make a gap for each well cover to place a hatch. This will allow you to constantly see the degree of filling of the container and will provide the opportunity to supply the accumulated wastewater with bacteria that help convert organic waste into fertilizer.
- It is necessary to equip each of the tanks with a ventilation pipe.
- To prevent the structure from freezing during the cold season, it is necessary to provide insulation.
- To increase the reliability of the tank design, adjacent segments are fixed together with brackets.
- If necessary, it is necessary to apply a penetrating waterproofing solution to the inside of the concrete rings.
Installing sewer septic tanks in the local area of a private country house in accordance with generally accepted rules will avoid troubles and problems. During all work, it is imperative to adhere to sanitary standards.
Having once built a sewer tank on his own, the homeowner will ensure the convenience of living in a private home for his entire family for a long time.
Creation of a septic tank
Septic tanks are created from different materials , plastic or brick, metal can be used. Concrete ring structures are very common. They are created as follows.
- A shaft is dug to suit the required ring size, each section is dug individually. In the first sections, a ring with a bottom (factory, monolithic) is used.
- The rings are sealed at the joints with special solutions, and overflows are installed from chamber to chamber.
- Additional waterproofing is provided by clay.
Rules
The rules allow create septic tanks in any soil, but soft and dry soil will be a big advantage. The depth of the excavation is guided by the depth of soil freezing.
Features of choosing a suitable location for a septic tank
Those who independently install a septic treatment plant must strictly follow all the requirements contained in the set of official documents. So, in accordance with sanitary rules, it is not allowed to place a sump building near a residential building or drinking wells. Before selecting an area for a future pit, you need to consider the following useful tips:
- the septic tank can be located no closer than 5 meters from the building used for living;
- due to the structure being too far from the building, it may be necessary to lay too long pipelines;
- a distance of less than 50 meters between treatment tanks and a nearby water well is not allowed;
- To install concrete ring blocks, you need to set aside an area for the passage and operation of special machines.
A septic tank is not installed where groundwater layers lie. For the construction of a sewer pipe long length The settling tank requires equipment with inspection wells.
Features of septic tank installation technology
The technical procedure for installing a treatment plant largely depends on its individual characteristics. Thus, the construction of a three-chamber purifier will consist of the following stages:
- Installation of the structure begins with the purchase of concrete rings. A regular septic cleaner only needs nine of them. In addition, sewer hatches and concrete covers will be required.
- Then three pits are dug, placed one after the other.
- The depth of the dug wells should be about three meters, and their width should exceed the diameter of the concrete ring by 100-150 millimeters.
- The bottom of the first two recesses is being concreted.
- Next, concrete rings are installed. For this purpose, using lifting devices, they are installed one below the other. Three rings are placed in each of the pits.
- Seal the gaps between nearby rings using a cement-sand mixture.
According to the rules self-installation concrete septic tank, wells must be built sequentially. The rings are laid out one above the other and then connected to each other extremely tightly.
Despite its proven practicality, a septic tank made of concrete rings still has some disadvantages. For example, its installation requires too much space.
How to properly make a septic tank from concrete rings?
An autonomous sewage system for a residential building today is as much a daily necessity as running water and heating. Cesspools are already hopelessly outdated, and factory-made septic tanks are too expensive. Therefore, the best solution is a cleaning device made from concrete rings, made by the owner of the house himself.
The reliability of treatment facilities is the key to the comfort of country property owners. Concrete rings for sewerage are characterized by an increased degree of strength and durability. Compared to the brick lining of a pit for a wastewater treatment plant, the structures are easy to install. A local septic tank will be the solution when it is not possible to equip a central sewerage system in private households. Concrete products are usually located inside communication systems.
Advantages of country sewerage
Connected water supply and the presence of a septic tank are the primary factors for comfortable living. Having your own suburban area, you need to think through the communications system. A country sewer system is being installed for a private house using concrete rings. It has a number of advantages:
- long service life;
- differ in rigidity and mechanical strength;
- have a low cost;
- are resistant to corrosion, moisture and aggressive chemicals;
- easy to assemble and install.
Keep in mind that home drainage consists of several elements that are attached taking into account the slope of the site, the level of soil freezing and its composition.
Subtleties of purchasing material
When choosing a material for arranging wastewater communications, several points must be taken into account:
- reinforced concrete is characterized by high hygroscopicity. The surface of the tanks must be waterproofed;
- The concrete ring is heavy. Installation requires additional special equipment;
- low-quality material can easily crumble. Therefore, when choosing material for sewerage, it is better to choose trusted manufacturers.
All the disadvantages of sewer rings are easily corrected in the process of stage-by-stage arrangement. How to properly design and build drainage is the main question for owners of dachas and country houses. 
Sewerage: device, diagram, design
The design of a local septic tank may include wells for sewage from reinforced concrete rings in an amount of no more than 3 pieces, forming one unified system. For the construction of wastewater tanks, rings with a diameter of 700 – 2000 mm are used. Common standard sizes are KTs-20 (KS-20) and KTs-10 (KS-10). The numbers in the marking indicate the diameter in decimeters.
When choosing a design for wastewater treatment facilities, you need to take into account a number of technological factors:
- the volume of daily water consumption of a particular facility;
- terrain surface;
- availability of groundwater;
- degree of soil freezing;
- access for trucks.
A sewerage system made of concrete rings requires the presence of the following elements:
- a concrete storage well for sewerage - all wastewater from the house flows into it;
- a secondary settling tank, which acts as a light wastewater purifier;
- containers for filtration - purified water passes through it and returns to the soil.
The construction of autonomous treatment facilities is carried out using standard reinforced concrete rings: the height is 900 mm, the volume is determined by the diameter of the product. Some manufacturers offer perforated concrete products to order. However, such a product is more expensive. 
Optimal septic tank sizes
When calculating the effective and working volume of sewerage in a private house made of concrete rings, it is necessary to proceed from:
- three times the amount of water discharged per day. As a rule, there are about 200 liters per person.
- To determine the optimal volume of the septic tank, taking into account everyone living in the house, you need to multiply the indicator by 3 and by the number of users of the drainage system.
The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage play an important role. In the single-chamber version, the entire volume of water is contained in one container. The two-chamber design takes on ¾ of the total volume in the storage tank, and ¼ goes to the second chamber. A three-chamber septic tank will distribute the entire volume of wastewater equally across all storage tanks. 
How does a septic tank system work?
A durable concrete well, designed for the quality of sewerage, ensures consistent movement of wastewater:
- water with contaminants enters the first container and is divided into elements of different densities. Heavy fractions remain at the bottom, and light fractions rise to the surface;
- the purified liquid is fed into the second tank, where the organic matter is broken down;
- the third container without a bottom discharges purified water into the ground. The liquid is pre-filtered in a drainage well.
Three-level filtration eliminates soil contamination. 
Types of septic tanks and their design features
When arranging a septic tank made of concrete rings, the design of each type of structure has its own nuances.
Local structure with one chamber
At the heart of a single-chamber septic tank, in a dacha made of concrete rings, there is one container, which plays the role of a sewage storage tank. Its optimal volume is 16-20 times the daily water discharge. The design allows for the absence of a bottom and drainage.
Two-chamber system
The cleaning system has good functionality. The two-chamber structure for a summer cottage made of concrete rings is based on two storage tanks. The structure of the well allows the accumulation of heavy fractions in the first chamber, and the secondary one is intended for the accumulation of settled wastewater. By constructing a system that uses drainage based on sand and gravel, it is possible to obtain high-quality drainage of water into the soil. 
Three-chamber septic tank
The basis of the three-chamber system is made up of three containers. This building is a perfect waste disposal device. The first two wells act as sedimentation basins for sewage, the last one performs the final filtration of wastewater.
The third sewer pit has to be dug deep, right down to the occurrence of sand and clay, which will facilitate the removal of moisture.
What materials may be needed?
Do-it-yourself sewerage from concrete rings is made using the following materials and tools:
- shovel;
- shovels with sides;
- buckets;
- handles with cross handles;
- products for loosening soil;
- cement grade M200 - M500;
- sifted fine sand;
- crushed stone with medium fractions;
- concrete products with a diameter of 10 cm;
- corners, asbestos pipes and tees;
- hacksaws;
- waterproofing material.
Using a shovel with sides, the earth is scooped up, and the depth of the pit is formed with a shovel and bucket. A layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the trench to strengthen the structure. The bottom is installed on a crushed stone cushion. 
Installation of a stock structure: nuances of work
The drainage system has its own design features. Regardless of the type of structure and the selected material, the installation process has its own specifics.
Choosing a suitable location
Before you make a sewer system according to safety precautions at your dacha with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the standard layout of local structures.
- The septic tank must be located at least 7 meters from the house.
- The concrete sewer well is located far from the drinking tank - 30 - 60 meters.
- We make a drainage pit as far as possible from the paths and road, from the neighbor’s fence, over 3 meters.
- We plan fruit plantings, a vegetable garden and a garden at a distance from the sewerage system in a private house. The standard figure is over 3 meters.
It is necessary to build a septic tank away from a source of drinking water or a reservoir. The optimal distance is 10-20 meters. 
Preparing a pit and installing a septic tank
When performing excavation work, you can dig the soil manually or use special equipment. To dig a storage tank, the excavated pit must be 20-30 cm larger. This makes it easy to install sewer rings.
Installation of concrete rings should be carried out exclusively vertically. When working with material, moving by rolling is unacceptable. This leads to cracks on the surface of the products.
- The bottom of the pit must be level. A reinforced mesh of 20x20 cm is made and laid out on the base.
- It is necessary to concrete the base of the structure.
- After the concrete has hardened, you need to install a tank. The container is assembled from reinforced concrete products, putting them on top of each other.
- In the process of assembling sewer rings, you need to mark and create holes using a hammer drill through which pipes will be fed.
- Upon completion of the installation of the sewer rings - installation of the well in the pit and placement of the drain pipe, we proceed to insulating the septic tank.
- The space between the walls of the pit and the concrete products is eliminated by filling it with sand and cement.
To calculate how many rings need to be installed for one drive, we proceed from the parameters of the calculated volumes for users. 
Organization of the filter system
To ensure uniform contact of water with the walls of the product, the first ring is installed on a crushed stone cushion. The top of the structure is also covered with drainage. The quality of drainage is achieved by bricks placed under the walls of rings for home sewage. You can make several holes in the walls of the elements. Sewer pipes must be led into a well.
Waterproofing of the structure
The construction of a septic tank for a country house should be approached carefully. Properly organized sewage system at the dacha ensures the normal operation of the structure.
Waterproofing the internal and external surfaces guarantees optimal retention and sedimentation of wastewater. Particular attention should be paid to the joints between the rings. For this purpose, bitumen mastic, liquid glass solution, and polymer compositions “Gidroizol” or “Gidrotex” are used. 
Sewer ventilation
Creating a ventilation system is a key point in the construction of treatment channels. The work pursues several goals:
- prevention of spread unpleasant odors from highways and well tanks;
- protect against air discharge;
- maintain optimal performance of the structure.
The ventilation construction technology involves connecting a waste pipe to a ventilation riser located on the roof of the building. The ventilation channel and the sewage compartment must have the same diameter. Suitable value The pipe cross-section is considered to be 110 mm. 
Uninterrupted functionality of the septic tank will be possible if the owners take into account several points:
- seal sewer pipes;
- make the incoming part of the system thicker than the outgoing part;
- install check valves in the pipeline to prevent backflow;
- pour some crushed stone into the bottom of the well;
- Be sure to clean the walls of the sewer 2-3 times a year.
An installed autonomous septic tank for private property is an opportunity to set up a treatment facility and solve the problem of draining contaminated wastewater. When constructing a structure, you must adhere to the specified sequence of work. After all, a well-built system will ensure comfortable living in private homes for a long time.
Comfortable life outside the city presupposes the presence of many benefits modern world, which includes a drainage system. If there is no central sewerage system near the site, the solution to the problem will be to install an autonomous system designed to collect and dispose of wastewater. It is expected to operate for a long time without interruption while complying with sanitary and hygienic standards for water purification.
Existing autonomous cleaning systems - septic tanks have different designs. Their design is based on one or more tanks (plastic or metal), as well as those assembled from component parts. Due to its affordable cost and ease of maintenance, a septic tank for a dacha made of concrete rings in many cases turns out to be the preferred option for owners of country cottages.
This is what a ready-to-use septic tank looks like Source topas-site.ru
Why choose concrete septic tanks
The construction of concrete rings is one of the most quick ways organize an autonomous sewer system for a country house. Such a device, installed without errors, has many advantages:
Simple and reliable scheme. It copes well with soil pressure without being subject to deformation; service life reaches 30-40 years.
Affordable price. The costs of materials and organization of such a system are significantly lower when compared with other designs.
Large useful volume. The extra ring will have virtually no effect on the duration of the work, and the capacity of the septic tank will significantly increase.
Installation speed. The construction company will offer the optimal design and carry out installation in 1-2 days.
Easy to use and minimal maintenance costs. The septic tank operates autonomously (without electricity consumption); pumping is required every few years.
Quality of cleaning. A professionally installed concrete structure purifies wastewater by 80%, which is slightly lower than that of a biological treatment station, which brings the figure to 97-98%. But the big advantage of a septic tank is its cost - it will cost 2 times less if you order turnkey installation from a company with a proven reputation and experience in this field.
Strong structural foundation Source septikstroi.ru
Mistakes made during unprofessional installation
At first glance, a septic tank made of concrete rings seems so simple to calculate and install that many are tempted to buy rings and equip the septic tank on their own, relying on the advice of friends and the collective wisdom of the Internet.
Such an approach, in the absence of experience and knowledge of the intricacies, inevitably leads to mistakes, the consequences of which may not appear immediately, but will significantly complicate the life of home owners. And correcting errors is a very labor-intensive undertaking, since you are guaranteed to have to at least empty the septic tank and dig up the entire structure, and in the worst case, remove the rings from the pit and reinstall them. Commonly made mistakes include:
Incomplete sealing of seams. If the seams are leaky and the aquifer lies high, the result will be a constant overflow of the tank and a close acquaintance with the sewer service, whose services will have to be used weekly. There is also a high probability of meeting environmental organizations, because effluent from the septic tank will also seep into groundwater.
Freezing of leaking seams. This can cause the concrete rings to shift and protrude from the ground.
Installation errors. Pipes that were not installed according to installation parameters (slope and depth) become clogged and freeze in winter.
Installing a septic tank under the house will also be a wrong decision that will lead to many problems.
Why is it worth ordering a turnkey septic tank made of concrete rings?
If it is necessary to establish an autonomous sewer system, owners of country houses often turn to construction companies offering to install a turnkey septic tank. This service is quite popular, since all stages of work are specified in the contract, and a guarantee is provided for the finished structure. This means that the homeowner’s personal presence at the construction site is not required: his task is to accept the finished work. You can, of course, monitor what is being done and how it is done, but many still prefer to save time by not observing every stage of the work.
The construction company will provide competent installation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings Source waterwell32.ru
A professionally installed system of reinforced concrete tanks will allow you not to worry about the processes occurring in the sewerage system for years. Construction companies offer comprehensive assistance, the result of which will be a ready-to-use wastewater collection and disposal system. In addition, the cost of a septic tank made of turnkey concrete rings is fixed in the contract, which eliminates various “additional issues” that lead to an increase in the final estimate. The turnkey service has the following important advantages:
Installation takes 1-2 days; work is carried out year-round.
The range of services includes the cost of the material, its delivery, and excavation work.
The company provides a guarantee for the work performed and materials used.
Construction companies work year-round Source aquatoria.kiev.ua
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer sewer installation and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
An example of developing a scheme: what affects the location and size of the septic tank
Before starting actual work, calculations must be made to help choose the optimal design option. A professional analysis can only be carried out by specialists with practical experience, and when choosing the appropriate parameters for a septic tank made of concrete rings, they take into account the following factors:
Relief of the site. If it has a slope, the location for the septic tank is chosen at the lowest point; this will ensure an easy flow of water.
Soil density and groundwater depth. In some cases, these parameters force us to radically reconsider the entire work scheme.
Installation rules. Sewage pipes are located below the soil freezing level (this is mandatory if people live in the house all year round). The pipeline must have a slope of 2 cm by 1 meter; if the condition is not met, the system will work intermittently (SNiP 2.04.01-85 and 2.04.03-85).
Location. When choosing a location, take into account the possibility of access to the system, since sooner or later it will need service.
The design parameters are also influenced by the number of people in the family. The volume of the septic tank depends on the volume of wastewater, which, in turn, depends on the number of people permanently living in the house. On average, consumption per 1 resident is 180-200 liters of water per day, for three - up to 600 liters. Based on these figures, you can determine how much wastewater is generated in 3 days (this is how the required safe volume of the structure is determined).
The possibility of pumping should be taken into account when choosing a location Source stroysoveti.ru
For the system to function normally, the septic tank should not be more than 2/3 full. For a family of 3-4 people (taking into account periodically appearing guests and relatives), the optimal septic tank will be 2 wells with 4-5 rings each (with a diameter of 1 m and above).
To fully equip it, you will need 44-50 thousand rubles. Fluctuations in the total amount depend on the regional location of the site and the conditions of the contractor. For clients placing a turnkey order, calculation and development of project documentation in many companies is a free option. Installation of a septic tank made of concrete rings, the price of which has been agreed upon with the owner, and the design selected by the company’s employees, takes place without annoying delays.
Factors influencing the cost of installing a concrete septic tank
Septic tanks made of concrete rings are distinguished by the number of containers - there are options with 1, 2 or 3 chambers (wells) connected in series, with a slight slope.
Septic tank with 1 chamber. Provides sedimentation of wastewater for 3 days, the quality of purification is 50-55%. Sludge is pumped out every six months.
Septic tank with 2 chambers. Wastewater settles for 5-6 days, which ensures a purification level of 70-75%. The sludge is pumped out every 1.5-2 years.
Septic tank with 3 chambers. The wastewater settles for 7-9 days, the quality of treatment reaches 80-85%. Sludge sucker is called once every 2-3 years.
Scheme of a structure with 3 chambers Source stroyobzor.info
The settling of wastewater and subsequent biological processing works equally well in septic tanks made of concrete rings of all types, provided that the choice is made correctly. The total amount is affected by:
septic tank volume and number of tanks;
transportation of reinforced concrete rings;
distance to the construction site;
access to the entrance;
complexity of soil treatment;
special equipment, without which it is impossible to complete the day.
Video description
About a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings in the video:
Reasons for increasing installation costs
Costs will inevitably increase if:
There are no access roads to the work site. In this case, moving each ring (depending on weight) will increase its price by 1300-1500 rubles.
The soil must be removed. Removal of soil outside the site is subject to additional charges.
The site is located far away. Transportation of concrete rings and other materials is included in the total estimate up to a certain minimum; excess is paid separately.
Turnkey installation: what is included in the price
Companies involved in the sale and installation of treatment systems offer a catalog of septic tanks designed for different initial parameters. What they all have in common is that when ordering a turnkey septic tank, all responsibility for the result of the work passes to the construction company, which is stated in the contract.
Even if the sealing of the overflows deteriorates, you can request warranty repairs Source pochtidoma.ru After choosing a model, the customer and the construction organization enter into an agreement under which they pay for:
Construction Materials
The company prepares the necessary construction material, delivers it to the site and unloads it. If the distance to the site exceeds what is included in the basic package of services, it will be paid additionally.
Concrete rings, floor slabs and cement are delivered at the scheduled time. We also deliver overflows, pipes and hatches (polymer).
Excavation
Having chosen a suitable location, workers prepare a pit and trenches. The seized soil is distributed on site or removed from the site (the option is paid additionally).
Video description
Stages of installing a septic tank floor key on video:
Septic tank installation
Performed using a crane. If there is no access to the construction site, concrete rings are installed manually; in this case, the cost and installation time increase. Installation of a turnkey septic tank made of concrete rings, the price and design of which is selected individually, proceeds in the following order:
The main parts of the structure (plates and rings) are installed.
Joints and seams are consistently sealed.
Overflows are installed and insulated.
Concrete necks and hatches are installed.
A pipe is laid from the building, its slope is controlled by a level (a device that determines the difference in heights of selected points).
Wells are being filled.
Professional approach - order on the construction site Source pinterest.co.uk
Turnkey installation prices
Structurally, the apparatus can consist of 1, 2 or 3 chambers (wells), each of which is mounted from 1, 2 or 3 concrete rings. Accordingly, the cost of installing concrete rings will vary. The price for work in the Moscow region will be approximately this:
Single chamber
Designed for 1-3 users. Based on the ratio of volume and price, the following options are presented:
Volume 1.4 m³- from 19.9-20 thousand rubles.
Volume 2.1 m³- from 24.9-25.8 thousand rubles.
Volume 2.8 m³- from 29.9-30.3 thousand rubles.
Video description
Organization of drainage from the bathhouse in the video:
Double chamber
Such structures can be used by 3-5 people.
Volume 2.8 m³- from 30.9-31.7 thousand rubles.
Volume 3.5 m³- from 35.9-37.2 thousand rubles.
Volume 4.2 m³- from 39.9-43.1 thousand rubles.
Volume 5.6 m³- from 49.9-53.3 thousand rubles.
Volume 7.2 m³- from 59.9-62.5 thousand rubles.
Volume 9.6 m³- from 63.9-65.8 thousand rubles.
Three-chamber
Suitable for daily use by 4-6 people.
Volume 4.2 m³- from 43.9-45.5 thousand rubles.
Volume 14.4 m³- from 79.9-84.6 thousand rubles.
Features of installation at high groundwater levels
The main problem when installing a septic tank can be groundwater passing close to the surface. In addition, it is necessary to take into account regulations that prohibit the installation of septic tanks near water sources - in some cases, a stream flowing through the territory may force one to look for alternative sewerage options.
A stream on the site can put an end to the installation of a concrete septic tank Source yandex.ru
How effectively sewerage systems made from reinforced concrete rings will work directly depends on the level of groundwater and the type of soil. The system works best on sandy soils with good drainage; on clay soils, the return will be minimal, and specialists will take this into account when choosing the size of the container. If groundwater flows above 3 meters, an alternative method of drainage will be recommended.
Conclusion
The problem of wastewater disposal is always relevant where there is no centralized sewerage system. A septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings is easy to maintain and does not require frequent pumping if its calculation and installation were carried out correctly. A septic tank consisting of two or three chambers is budget option, which does not require frequent maintenance, the best argument in favor of which is its ubiquity. Installing a concrete septic tank by a specialized organization solves the problem effectively, competently and quickly.
Comfortable living in a country or private house is impossible without the provision of all infrastructure elements. If it is not possible to connect to the central water supply and wastewater disposal, then it is necessary to install an autonomous sewer system.
The simplest and most reliable type of such structures is a septic tank assembled from concrete elements. Most often, such structures include several cameras. The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage, their number and installation pattern may vary depending on the total volume of the septic tank, its location on the site, as well as the specifics of the soil and the height of groundwater.
General view of the structure
Most often, a septic tank made of concrete elements consists of three separate wells. If the groundwater depth is sufficient and the height of the structure can be increased, the number of chambers is sometimes reduced to two.
Essential elements
The general layout of a septic tank can be represented as follows:
- receiving chamber - a well into which all wastewater from the house flows;
- a secondary settling tank that performs the function of additional purification of light wastewater;
- a filter well through which almost completely purified water returns to the ground.
The installation of the first two chambers of the treatment plant is carried out on a concrete base, followed by sealing of all seams, which protects the area from leakage of untreated wastewater. For a filtering sewer well, installation is carried out with the installation of a drainage layer for the gradual removal of treated wastewater.
All chambers are interconnected by connecting pipes, and in the first well an additional hole is prepared for the entrance of the sewer pipe from the house. During installation, heavy hatches and additional rings with hatches are installed in the upper part of all three compartments, providing technical access to the wells.
Advantages of the structure
The advantages of such septic tanks include:
- reliability and strength of the structure;
- ease of installation and maintenance;
- low cost of the entire structure.
But it should be noted that when installing such a treatment plant in a private house, it is worth taking into account several nuances. A concrete septic tank is not sealed, so odors can spread from it. And even if the groundwater depth is insignificant, this option may not be effective.
Calculation of the future septic tank
When drawing up a scheme for a future sewer system, several factors must be taken into account:
- number of permanent residents;
- volume of the selected type of reinforced concrete ring;
- minimum term wastewater treatment – 3 days.
It is in setting the number of inhabitants of a private house or cottage that the main mistakes most often occur. It must be remembered that the calculation must be made based on the largest number of people, including those temporarily present. After all, if the septic tank is designed for the needs of a family of three, and guests come to them, then the system may not be able to cope with the volume of wastewater.
Regulatory data
The standard water consumption per person per day is 200 liters. Thus, the number of people is multiplied by 0.2 m3 and then tripled. If the system must withstand the water consumption load of 5 people, then the daily discharge can reach 1 cubic meter, and the required volume reserve for three days involves increasing the septic tank wells to 3 m3.
The number of concrete rings is calculated based on the volume of the chambers. A standard ring holds 0.6 - 0.62 m3, so the required volume of the septic tank must be divided by the capacity of the ring. In addition, three rings should be added to create technical chambers.
It should be remembered that even with small quantity people, the height of the well must be at least 1.2 meters (2 rings). For normal sedimentation of solid particles from primary wastewater, the water column above the solid sediment must be at least 1 m.
Installation of a septic tank made of concrete elements
After carrying out the basic calculations, it is necessary to develop a layout diagram of the sewer system. According to existing standards, the septic tank must be located at least 5 m from the boundaries of the site, 10 m from the house to prevent erosion of the foundation, and also 30 m from the nearest surface reservoir.
Do not forget that the maximum distance from the water supply source is also required. If there is a slope on the site, the septic tank must be located below the drinking water collection point. After choosing a location, installation of a treatment plant for a private house or cottage is carried out in several stages.
Soil development
When installing a septic tank that includes several chambers, it is best to prepare one common pit. To carry out all the work, it is more economically feasible to hire special equipment. In this case, soil development will take no more than 2–3 hours.
Installation of the receiving chamber and settling tank must be carried out on a concrete base to prevent the flow of untreated wastewater. Therefore, the bottom of the pit in the places where these wells are installed is compacted, a layer of roofing material is laid as waterproofing, and a small pedestal is poured.
At the site where the filtration well is installed, the soil is not compacted; part of it is replaced with a crushed stone cushion, the height of which must be at least 50 cm. Such a filter made of coarse aggregate will allow water to flow freely into the ground, and will also serve for final purification of water.
Creating cameras
When installing the rings, you will also need special lifting equipment, for example, a small truck crane or manipulator. First, the skeleton of each well is assembled by installing the estimated number of rings. For better connection, the rings can be laid on mortar or special glue.
The places where the rings connect to each other and to the base are carefully sealed with mortar. For additional waterproofing, liquid glass can be added to the mixture at the rate of 10 g of additive for every 1 kg of cement.
For additional protection of the well, it is better to treat the joints of the elements with mastics or painting composites for waterproofing from the outside and inside. Such finishing will not interfere with the entire body of the well.
Special reinforced concrete covers with holes for a hatch and ventilation pipe are installed on top of each chamber.
Connecting cameras into a single system
After installing the rings, it is necessary to connect all the elements of the septic tank into a single structure. To make pipe routing easier, it is best to order rings with side holes. Otherwise, niches for the pipeline can be prepared using a special concrete bit with a diameter of at least 114 mm or manually.
It must be remembered that a septic tank made of rings is designed for independent movement of wastewater, so the installation of pipes must be carried out very carefully. The sewer pipe must be laid in the receiving chamber with a slope of 2 cm for each meter of length. That is why you should not move the sewer too far from the house.
The connecting pipes between the chambers must be located below the level of the entrance of the main drains, otherwise the flow will become cycled and the septic tank will stop working. The entry points of all pipes must be carefully sealed with mortar and additionally treated with waterproofing and sealing compound.
Backfilling the septic tank
After installation of all elements of the system, the pit is backfilled. For these purposes, it is also best to hire special equipment, because manual labor will require no less payment than renting a tractor with a bucket or a loader.
The septic tank must be backfilled with soil removed during the construction of the pit. If the clay content is high, you can add a little sand, which can be more evenly distributed around the structure. After backfilling is completed, the septic tank is ready for use.
With proper calculation and installation, a septic tank made of concrete rings can become a very effective and inexpensive treatment system for a country or private home, which will serve its owners for at least 50 years.
tehno-beton.ru
Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house made of concrete rings: diagram, device
Concrete rings for sewerage are distinguished by their durability and increased strength.
Compared to brick laying, concrete structures are easy to install, and concrete sewer rings cost an order of magnitude less.
Installation of the rings is convenient, because they are made for tight joining.
The average service life is about fifty years.
From the article you will learn the main features of concrete wells, learn about options for pumping out waste contents, read about how to properly install such a concrete ring and what role the groundwater level plays in all this.
Advantages and disadvantages
However, it cannot be said that concrete rings are ideal, like any device, they have their drawbacks. First of all, this is their weight.
During installation, it is necessary to use special equipment or a large amount of labor.
This also leads to difficulties in transportation, because not every car can cope with the increased load.
If you choose a low-quality manufacturer, the walls will crumble in just six months.
On the other hand, all these disadvantages can be easily corrected; you just need to approach the construction of the sewer system correctly, step by step.
You can always agree on suitable transport in advance, as well as carefully select rings so as not to install a defective product.
Most often, this material is used in the construction of wells, but the main area of application is autonomous sewer rings in a private house and country house.
For sewer wells and septic tanks, designs with the lowest permeability are used.
The composition of the soil rocks where the devices are mounted does not play any role. Concrete rings with a lock are used only for septic tanks and sewers.
There are also more durable devices that have metal elements inside the walls.
Concrete rings to be installed in the sewer are marked as KS (wall structure).
Then there are numbers, where the first number shows the diameter of the structure inside, followed by external indicators.
Optimal size and how to choose it?
The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage are selected based on the design, which indicates all the calculations, volumes of the well, its type and other points necessary to carry out the installation correctly and safely.
The purpose of the rings also plays an important role in the choice. In addition to markings, there are other parameters of rings.
In stores, when purchasing, you can ask for tables that contain all the design parameters.
These include thickness, volume of the device, weight. The class of concrete is also indicated. All this information is important for the sewerage diagram to be correct.
Based on the size of the concrete structure, you can choose a place and dig a hole there.
This allows you to see the real volumes of the site that need to be done to arrange the sewerage system.
It is important to pay attention to the volume of the structure, because then you can understand the compatibility with the volume of the septic tank, how suitable the ring is in a given situation.
Weight is needed to understand which vehicle to use to transport the device. For sewerage in a country house or in a private house, standard concrete rings are chosen according to GOST.
They are the most common in sewer design. In addition, standard devices are affordable.
Additional concrete rings may also be needed.
They are much lower in height and are needed if a small size is not enough until the installation is completed and a standard device cannot be used.
Some rings are only suitable for bottom mounting, that is, they are used at the very bottom of the structure.
The bottom itself is made of durable concrete materials with reinforcing mesh, which allows it to withstand even heavy loads from concrete rings.
The easiest way out is to buy sewer rings with a built-in bottom. The device should also come with a hatch (it protects the container from moisture, debris, and snow).
Important Features
Most often, country sewerage is constructed from concrete rings. Before installation, detailed calculations are carried out. You definitely need a diagram according to which the installation will be carried out.
The type of sewer system (working under pressure or another method) is also selected. It is from concrete components that you can install an inexpensive and durable sewer system in your dacha.
A sump is built from the rings, and a filtration well is made next to it, the layout of which is quite simple.
Usually, in a country house or in a private house, a design of 3 rings, a bottom and a hatch is sufficient.
If two wells are built, then we can talk about real septic tanks that fully clean the wastewater.
It is extremely important to choose the correct volume of the septic tank.
Therefore, settling time must be taken into account here.
According to standards, it is accepted that wastewater must settle in the sewer for at least three days, and for this, based on two or three people, a volume of two cubic meters is needed.
If in the house more people, then it would be more correct to make a two-chamber septic tank.
Since living in a dacha is seasonal, the sewer system made of concrete rings is cleaned with your own hands once every couple of years.
If such a sewer system is used in a private house, then it will have to be cleaned once every 6 months (sometimes once a year), but the need for pumping cannot be completely eliminated.
Although the key factor here is the number of residents.
Correct installation and nuances of the device
To carry out proper installation, you must first decide on the location for the sewer.
Despite the apparent complexity, in practice this matter is much easier to deal with.
Do not forget that the main thing you need to pay attention to when installing a well is the depth of groundwater.
The scheme is standard, it does not have any exceptions, but there are rules that are strongly not recommended to be violated:
- the distance from the house to the sewer must be at least 7 meters;
- the distance from the drinking water well to the sewerage system, depending on the ground rocks, should be from 30 to 60 meters;
- distance from roads and paths to sewerage – more than 3 meters;
- the neighbor's fence must be at least 3 meters from the sewer;
- fruit trees, vegetable gardens and shrubs are also located at a distance of more than 3 meters;
- any body of water should be located at a distance of more than 10-20 meters from the septic tank.
If the location meets the requirements, then you can dig a pit for concrete structures. But it should be 20-30 centimeters more sizes rings.
The remaining space will be sprinkled with cement and sand for better fixation.
If the location you choose has a high groundwater level, then clay is used as a coating.
Such material will serve as a reliable protection against groundwater, because it has a low throughput.
In general, it is worth considering the depth of groundwater. After all, it is important that untreated liquid does not get into the body of water.
That is why such strict requirements are set regarding the large distance from the sewerage system to the wells.
Between the bottom of the sewer (even a high bottom) and top layer groundwater must be kept at least one and a half meters away.
In addition, the septic tank must be completely sealed to prevent mixing of waters.
Often, in such cases, a reinforced concrete pad is also installed under the septic tank, and anchor straps are attached to it.
This way the water level will be protected and the sewer will not be pushed out. Also at the bottom of the pit they use a layer of crushed stone from the subsidence of the well to the groundwater.
The installation diagram is as follows: the bottom is lowered onto the crushed stone cushion using a crane or manipulator. Then concrete structures are installed on top.
All joints should be covered with concrete mortar. In the last compartment, holes are made for pipes that are needed, for example, for pumping.
Pumping equipment is a separate issue. Most often, special sewer companies are called in to pump out waste, but their services are usually not cheap.
But if you properly equip the sewer system, you will rarely need to call services for pumping.
In addition, there is a certain advantage of a septic tank with the ability to settle liquids - you can remove them yourself.
To prevent plugs from forming in the sewer system that impede the pumping process, you must remember to carry out preventive maintenance.
For example, install grates and hatches at all sewer outlets, which can be removed when organizing pumping, and in usual time they will protect the sewer from the entry of unwanted things: debris, dirt, etc.
Pipe joints are treated with cement. After this, they are insulated with construction silicone. Waterproofing plays a vital role here.
It is best to do it from the side of the internal walls, when installation has already been carried out.
You can confidently choose from large quantities pastes, mastics and dry mixtures. The main thing is to apply them in two or three layers.
After reading the article, you learned how to properly install a well, taking into account the depth of groundwater, in order to call services to pump out waste water as rarely as possible.
stoydiz.ru
How to make a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands
Add to bookmarks Printable versionA private house or a dacha is almost impossible to imagine without drainage wells and drainage structures. A septic tank made of concrete rings is one of the most affordable structures of this type; it can be designed and installed with your own hands if you have certain lifting equipment and knowledge.
Device
A drainage well, also known as a septic tank, is a special plumbing structure that is necessary for treating and settling wastewater. There are many types of such containers, but concrete ring storage tanks are considered one of the most affordable and reliable. They do not corrode, do not react to temperature changes and withstand physical stress very well.
Structurally, such a septic tank consists of:
- Lids. It protects the pit from contamination from the outside, and also ensures the proper level of safety;
- Reinforced concrete rings. They can be of different heights, the standard being 90 centimeters. The diameter of the ring is selected based on the needs of the home owner;
- The same concrete product as the lid, only of a smaller diameter, is laid on the bottom. In some cases, this septic tank can be left open (without a bottom), then a certain percentage of the wastewater ends up in the soil, thereby saving space in the tank.
In addition, the design can be single-chamber or double-chamber. One chamber is an example of an all in septic tank, in other words, all cleaning processes are carried out only in it. It is small in size and easy to use. A single-chamber septic tank can easily be built independently; a system of nozzles and pipes located at different heights is used to pump water out of it. It has small volumes, so it is perfect for a bathhouse or summer shower, but not for a large house.
Single-chamber septic tank model But, a two-chamber septic tank is more suitable for a summer house or a private house. It is characterized by a high level of reliability and cleaning. It has two chambers – one for primary purification, the second for post-treatment. The first receives water directly from the sewer; here the waste settles for several days, after which it is pumped into a post-treatment tank using a pump or other device.
Two-chamber septic tank model There is also a three-chamber (overflow) septic tank made of concrete or plastic rings. The use of this well is advisable if it is used not for one private house, but for several or for an industrial enterprise. Most often, it additionally has biofilters installed to purify water using microorganisms (mostly anaerobic bacteria are used).
Reinforced concrete rings The operating principle of any septic tank made of concrete rings is similar to a standard storage tank. Through the inlet pipe, the sewer transports wastewater into the container. There they settle for several days, and under the influence of gravity, large and solid sediments fall to the bottom. Liquid waste undergoes filter cleaning and is transported through the outlet pipe until further use.
Installation
Installing a septic tank from concrete rings is quite difficult to do on your own; reviews claim that it is impossible to do without lifting equipment or several assistants. At the same time, making these same rings will not be difficult - you just need to make a solution and pour it into a special form. Many experts recommend reinforcing containers. For successful design, you can use ready-made drawings.
Schematic drawing Scheme and instructions for installing a septic tank made of concrete rings:
The dimensions of the pit for installing a septic tank exceed the diameter by an average of 5 centimeters (this depends on the thickness of the concrete rings). After this, bacteriological filters are installed. Pumps and outlets for sewerage.
Video on the topic:
You can buy ready-made kits for installing wells at any manufacturer of concrete and plumbing products.
Waterproofing and ventilation
The structure of a septic tank made of concrete rings is not airtight, so ventilation must be developed to remove unpleasant sewer odors. For the system to operate efficiently, it is necessary to ensure the exhaust of gases generated during waste fermentation processes. To prevent these aromas from entering the fresh air, the ventilation is vented into a vent pipe.
Scheme of a well with a hood Calculation and production of ventilation for a septic tank made of concrete rings:
- Construction of ventilation begins after the installation of the entire storage system is completed. The main air pipe is attached to the cover and leads out;
- All ventilation consists of two parts: underground and above ground. The first is a pipe with a diameter of no more than 100 mm, but if you have a well with a capacity of more than 4 cubic meters, then you need to take a slightly larger cross-section. The second is installed above the ground and has a smaller diameter - 50–70 mm is quite enough;
- Many experts recommend that these pipes be additionally insulated and protected with a mesh from leaves and other debris entering the pipes;
- The ground part of the ventilation must be above ground level and above the expected level of precipitation, otherwise the well will be filled through it during rains and floods.
At this point, the installation of the ventilation pipe can be considered complete. Twice a year, scheduled maintenance is provided - cleaning of debris and accumulations on the walls. Planned repairs are carried out every season (replacement of pipes in case of cracks).
Separately, it is necessary to say about the waterproofing of the system. Concrete is not damaged by water, but it is highly absorbent, which can cause the well to operate ineffectively. To prevent this, it is recommended to make waterproofing for the septic tank from concrete rings
Resin sealing To do this, after a trench has been dug under it and its bottom has been compacted, a waterproofing film is laid on it. It will protect the structure from groundwater, no matter how deep the storage tank is installed. Such sealing will be very useful in areas with high groundwater levels and heavy precipitation. To install a septic tank in marshy soils, it is recommended to first concrete the hole and then waterproof it.
www.kanalizaciya-stroy.ru
Septic tank made of concrete rings - how to do it yourself
A do-it-yourself filtration well or septic tank made of concrete rings (the diagram will be presented in the article below) performs the function of infiltration, that is, the seepage of water from the system into the soil.
This design is usually installed in a recess and is a container with a wide area and a closed top. The use of such an infiltrator is characterized by the presence of pros and cons.
- Advantages of using it in dachas
- Device
- Schemes and calculations
- Selecting a location
- Pit
- Installation of concrete rings
What is it and what is it for?
A septic tank is the best option for treating domestic wastewater for a country house.
There are many ways to install this design. Manufacturers have provided a variety of cleaning systems on the market.
It is quite difficult to adjust home-made designs to the reliability standards of industrial septic tanks with a multi-stage filtration system. But the simplest design is not difficult to assemble on your own.
Advantages of using it in dachas
Peculiarities:
- High filtration speed.
- Shallow pit height for installation.
- Requires free space on the site, which is not always available.
Of course, when installing septic tanks, many owners of suburban areas resort to the services of specialists, but the process can be completed by yourself. You must first select and display a design diagram indicating all parametric characteristics.
The choice depends on the location of the site and its area, as well as water consumption. For example, in the case of high groundwater levels, it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete slab to securely fix the septic tank in order to prevent possible lifting of the structure.
The difference between ready-made and homemade
The disadvantage of a purchased system is its high cost, but high-quality structures work in a long-term format. That’s why there are “Kulibins” who manufacture treatment systems with their own hands.
Device
Let's look at the example of a septic tank made of concrete rings. This is an extremely simple design, since the structure is created from ready-made blocks. The septic tank itself is created from concrete rings, that is, a collector for settling wastewater, as well as a filtration well.
The system installation proceeds as follows. A pit is prepared, the parameters of which may vary depending on the size and depth. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete, after which it hardens, concrete rings are placed in the pit. Their joints are treated with sealant, which is also used for good bonding of the bottom to the walls of the structure.
Thus, a collector is created from which the wastewater must enter the filtration well through special openings or sewer pipes. Pebbles, gravel or other inert drainage material are placed at the bottom. A concrete slab with an inspection hatch and a ventilation outlet is also laid on top. The structure can only be built using a truck crane, since concrete slabs are heavy.
Kinds
Let's list briefly:
- The most common are reinforced concrete structures. This is one of the most durable types. They can be prefabricated or monolithic.
- Made of iron. More precisely, stainless steel containers. An unpopular option, since they fail within a few years, and such material is several times more expensive than concrete.
- Factory-made plastic installations. In terms of service life, they can even surpass reinforced concrete, since there is nothing to dissolve inside.
- By design they are divided into single-chamber or double-chamber.
Construction: step by step instructions
Schemes and calculations
There are no technical formulas for this, and they are guided by standards. And they are like this: the chambers should contain as much volume for processing as is consumed by all users of the system in three normal days.
It is important to know: before installation, the internal volumes of such structures must be calculated.
Selecting a location
It is important that the entire system works efficiently and there are no household inconveniences. Therefore, before marking the selected territory, you need to make sure of the following:
- We do not place the structure near a residential building. We retreat more than six meters from the foundations. It is allowed to dig near garages and other outbuildings.
- Under no circumstances are we planning a future septic tank next to sources of drinking water. The norm for such a distance is 50-60 meters.
Pit
The pit is prepared only after calculations. We decide on the number of cameras:
- When residents consume up to one cubic meter of liquid, then you can safely install a single-chamber installation.
- With a flow rate of 1.5 to 10 cubic meters of water, you should dig a pit for a two-chamber system.
- A value greater than 10 cubic meters leads to additional work: three chambers for a septic tank, settling tanks and a filtration well.
It is necessary to mark the area for the pit in such a way that the length and width are slightly larger than the rings themselves, and the depth is equal to their number.
Installation of concrete rings
Most often, septic tank installation technology uses overflow rings. And it’s very comfortable if you rent earth-moving and, of course, lifting equipment. Then the pit will be level, and the rings will be exactly horizontal.
Before planting, it is best to shed the bottom of the pit if you do not have a product (ring) with an already closed bottom. Next, you need to install the rings one by one, smoothing out distortions and shifts.
Please note: the correct structure can only be assembled with the help of a crane and assistants.
Each joint in the rings must be poured with concrete. And only then do the sealing. It is better to treat the seams outside and inside with bitumen mastic. But first cement (concrete), and then sealing.
Don't forget about waterproofing. It is made from the outside and inside. And at the same time, holes are made for pipes in the septic tank. Where there will be chamber connections, sealing is also needed.
And at the very end, the covers are installed. Such a design cannot exist without ventilation. And only it will help kill extra odors. Ventilation removes methane, which is an explosive substance (gas). It includes a background ventilation riser, which must be brought outside, and ordinary ventilation risers, which are placed on the lids of finished tanks.
If necessary, it is not difficult to assemble a structure in a budget format. And for the private sector, without frills, only such septic tanks are needed. If you take care of hiring equipment in advance, you won’t need much effort for construction.
Crazy DIY hands for home and garden 
The cheapest fence for a dacha with your own hands
A sewerage system made from concrete rings is one of the most popular among those that can be made on the site with your own hands. However, in order for it to work with maximum efficiency, it is important not to make mistakes at the main stages:
- determining the required volume,
- choice of design,
- choice of installation location,
- installation of sewer system and communications.
Sewerage for a private house made of concrete rings has undeniable advantages:
- durability of the structure,
- mechanical strength and rigidity,
- relatively low cost of material,
- resistance of concrete to corrosion processes under the influence of moisture and chemically active substances,
- quick assembly.
When choosing, you should take into account the disadvantages:
- Concrete has good hygroscopicity, therefore tank walls need waterproofing. IN otherwise Untreated water will partially seep into the ground.
- Due to the large mass of the rings For installation it is necessary to use special equipment, which will require additional costs.
Installation and its nuances
The characteristics of the material are directly related to some installation nuances that are characteristic of all types of sewage systems in this category, regardless of the chosen design.
Read what characteristics they have in a separate article. There is information about their types, sizes and prices.
You can talk about vacuum pumps for sewage. The types and main characteristics of the units are described.
Operating principle of various designs
Depending on the conditions in which the sewerage system made from concrete rings is used, a scheme that is optimally suitable for them is selected.
- Single chamber models often chosen for a summer cottage or country house with seasonal residence. They require periodic cleaning using a vacuum cleaner.
- Frequency of pumping out two-chamber structures noticeably less. Such options are often considered universal. At making the right choice volume and proper installation they provide enough high degree cleaning, while such models require less space on the site than three-chamber ones; it is easier for them to find a place that meets all sanitary requirements.
- Three-chamber dacha sewerage made from concrete rings is also suitable for private houses with permanent residence, as well as for dachas where, in addition to a washbasin and toilet, there is a shower, a full bathroom, and a washing machine. This type of system can provide high quality cleaning for mixed (organic substances and chemical components, including detergents) contaminants. Among septic tanks with three chambers, a distinction is made between energy-dependent ones (the wastewater in them is purified due to the activity of aerobic bacteria) and energy-independent ones. The former are characterized by a shorter processing cycle and efficiency, the latter by the absence of operating costs.
Calculation of sewerage volume and standard sizes of rings
The total volume of the treatment plant depends on the average daily water consumption of all residents of the house. This, in turn, can be calculated by points of consumption (shower, washbasin, etc.), but it is much easier to use the accepted value - 200 liters per day for each person.
The water purification cycle lasts approximately three days, during which the waste must be collected in the sewer system. Thus, for a family of three people the required volume is calculated as follows:
3 (persons) x 200 (liters) x 3 (days) = 1800 liters (or 1.8 cubic meters).
- When choosing a single-chamber model, the entire volume falls on a single container.
- In a two-chamber design, the storage tank makes up 3/4 of the total volume, and 1/4 is in the second chamber.
- In a three-chamber septic tank, the storage tank makes up 2/3 of the volume, and 1/3 falls on the second and third chambers in total (most often they have the same dimensions).
Many owners use only one size ring for all sewer tanks.
During installation, three concrete rings are usually installed on top of each other. A smaller quantity is impractical due to insufficient capacity; a larger quantity may reduce the reliability of the design.
Since standard concrete rings have the same height - 900 mm, the volume is determined by their diameter. Many enterprises offer the production of concrete products with any parameters to order, however, such rings will cost more and increase the total cost of the structure. It is permissible to use rings with an internal diameter from 700 to 2000 mm for constructing tanks, however, in most cases, preference is given to the two most common standard sizes: KTs-10 (KS-10) and KTs-20 (KS-20). The numbers in the marking indicate the size of the internal diameter in decimeters.
Elements of a sewerage scheme
A septic tank or sewage treatment plant is the main element of the structure, but this is not the only sewerage system made of concrete rings - the scheme also includes other elements that should be discussed separately.
The sewer pipes supplying wastewater to the storage tank must have a slope of 2 cm per meter if the liquid is transported by gravity, without the use of a pump.
SNiP strictly regulates the installation of inspection wells along the entire length of the pipeline:
- at the junction of lines,
- when changing parameters (slope of communications or their diameter),
- when turning the pipeline.
For straight-line communications, the distance between inspection wells is determined by the diameter of the pipeline:
- up to 150 mm – 35 meters,
- 200 mm – 50 meters.
In summer cottages, sewerage is installed not too far from the house, so the number of wells is rarely more than 1-2.
For energy-dependent modifications, a ventilation pipe is required, as well as one, which is best chosen with the ability to regulate performance and with a timer.
In a dacha sewer system made of concrete rings, a bottom filter is not suitable for effective drainage of purified water in all cases. Dense soils (clayey and loam) do not have good water permeability, which reduces the drainage rate. As an auxiliary device, perforated pipes can be used, which come out of the lower part of the chamber with purified water (second or third, depending on the design), have plugs at the ends and are located parallel to the surface of the earth at a shallow depth. Such devices increase the drainage area.
In case of very high clay content in the soil, it is preferable to have a sump pump that will transport purified water to a drainage ditch or watering tank. In the second case, the water quality requires testing in a laboratory.
Another option for arranging sewerage on the site is. You can find out how to do it in another article.
For those who are planning to build an outdoor toilet, our article may be of interest. This option is environmentally friendly and simple.
We told you how to run a water supply from a well.
Septic tank placement
It may seem that to ensure the slope of the sewer pipeline it is easier to install concrete rings for sewerage in the lowlands, but in this case, rain and melt water will enter the tank, overflowing it.
Reservoirs must be installed no closer than 5 meters from a residential building, and also maintain a distance to sources of drinking water (30-50 meters) and 30 meters to open bodies of water.
Installation of concrete rings for sewerage video
How to make a sewer system from concrete rings is demonstrated in the video.
