Antisocial personality - A person who has a poorly developed (or perverted) sense of responsibility, low moral values, and a lack of interest in others. Another name for an antisocial personality is a sociopath.
Characteristics of an antisocial personality
Behavior is determined almost entirely by a person's own needs.Painful reactions, frustrations to the state of one’s own displeasure.
The desire for immediate relief (and relief at any cost) from unpleasant sensations.
Impulsiveness, tendency to live in the moment.
The extraordinary ease of lying.
They often play roles very skillfully.
Unstable self-esteem.
The need to excite oneself (get excited).
Inability to change behavior as a result of punishment.
People around them are often perceived as attractive, intelligent, charming people.
They easily come into contact, especially easily on the basis of entertainment.
Lack of genuine empathy for others.
No feeling of shame or guilt for your actions.
Below are three groups of factors contributing to the development of an antisocial personality: biological determinants, characteristics of the relationship between parents and child, and thinking style.
Biological factors
Research suggests genetic correlates of antisocial behavior. Identical twins have twice the concordance rate for criminal behavior than siblings, suggesting that such behavior is partially inherited.Adoption studies show that the crimes of adopted boys are similar to the crimes of their biological fathers.
It is also noted that antisocial individuals have low excitability, which is why they, through impulsive and dangerous actions, strive to receive stimulation that causes corresponding sensations.
Family factors
Research also shows that the quality of parental care received by a child prone to hyperactivity and behavior problems determines to a large extent whether the child will develop an antisocial personality or not.Children who are often left unattended or poorly supervised for long periods of time are much more likely to engage in patterns of criminal behavior.
Also, children whose parents are not involved in their Everyday life, more often become antisocial.
Biological and family factors often coincide, which enhances their effect. Children with behavioral disorders often have neuropsychological problems resulting from maternal drug use, poor intrauterine nutrition, toxic exposures before and after birth, abuse, complications at birth, and low birth weight. Such children are more often irritable, impulsive, awkward, hyperactive, and inattentive. They are slow to learn material at school, which over time leaves a strong imprint on the child’s self-esteem.
Thinking style
In children with behavioral disorders and an inadequate picture of the world, information about social interactions is processed in such a way that they develop aggressive reactions to these interactions. They expect aggression from other children and adults and interpret their actions based on the assumption of malevolence.Unable to behave assertively, the child eventually comes to the conclusion that aggression is the most reliable and effective tool.
The responses of others to the child’s aggression usually only lead to strengthening the idea of the need for aggression.
Thus, a vicious circle of interactions develops, supporting and inspiring the child’s aggressive and antisocial behavior.
What is an antisocial person?
- Evgeniy Usenko is ignorant on this issue. Considers the issue one-sidedly, one-sidedly.
Asociality is the fact of having an indifferent attitude towards social norms.
For what reason an individual is indifferent to this or that social norm does not matter. The very fact of indifference makes him asocial.
Both highly intelligent people and low-intelligent human individuals can be antisocial.
An example of highly intelligent antisocials are hackers, cyber criminals, and counterfeiters. Those who violate social norms expressed in laws through their crimes.
There are “homeless people” - who spit on social norms in the employment of society. Prostitutes spit on moral standards.Thus, asociality is not always bad and not always good. This is simply a fact of indifference to social norms.
- WHAT EXACTLY ARE THE STANDARDS? THE PUBLIC HAS A LOT OF STANDARDS! THERE ARE STANDARDS OF MORALITY, MORALITY, ETHICS, RELIGION, EDUCATION, HUMANITY, ETC.
AFTER THIS ARE SOCIAL NORMS!
IT COMES OUT THAT EACH OF THE LIVING PERSONS IS TO SOME EXTENT AN ASOCIAL PERSON?
TO THIS I WILL SAY THAT THERE IS NO ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION, HOW MANY PEOPLE? WOW, SO MANY OPINIONS. DON'T CONTROL YOURSELF IN SHORT, JUST BE GOOD PEOPLE! GOOD AND CAREFREE LIFE TO EVERYONE!
FROM 31REGION/TV - There is a well-recognized type of people, the so-called Asocial type. Its main feature, the axis that permeates the entire personality, behavior, and actions of the Asocial, is the satisfaction of his instinctive needs.
But this is a special satisfaction, without brakes. Without an internal struggle of motives, without doubts, not accepting any obstacles. Neither in the requirements of society developed over centuries, nor in generally accepted moral norms, nor in the condemnation of friends or loved ones, nor in possible punishment, nor in the expectation of retribution, remorse.
The antisocial personality manifests itself already in early age. It could be aggressive behavior, early promiscuity (promiscuity), a special mechanical view of sex (pleasant, good for health), a tendency to abuse alcohol and drugs.
Depending on the time, place of residence, and environment, either individual of the listed signs appear, or all of them in combination.
A person with an asocial core does not have a sufficiently developed part of self-awareness that would allow him to evaluate, take into account and reckon with the convenience and safety of others. For the Asocial, those around him are viewed in only two positions: a source of danger, a source of pleasure.
Own impulses, born from simple instinctive needs, are felt by the Asocial as urgent, the delay in the implementation of which is unthinkable. And if a delay does happen for some reason, then the Asocial will give a reaction of aggression, which sometimes manifests itself as cruelty.
A kind of gender determinism may manifest itself here. An antisocial man, especially if he is not burdened with high intelligence, can express his aggression directly, in the form physical violence, causing bodily harm to someone who is interfering with something, or by smashing and breaking surrounding inanimate objects. A woman of an asocial type can show her aggression in cruel slander, especially sophisticated deceit towards an ill-wisher.
An antisocial person, establishing close interpersonal relationships, focuses exclusively on himself, on receiving attention, warm feelings, care and love. Giving nothing, or almost nothing, in return.
As a result, the impossibility, the inability of a person of an asocial type to maintain close and meaningful interpersonal relationships. Relationships that involve the presence of qualities that are absent in the Antisocial.
Communicating with the Asocial, those around him, over time, usually read his main characteristics. Increasingly experiencing sensations: misunderstanding, dissatisfaction, tension, irritation and, as a result, breaking off the relationship.
Only the closest relatives (parents, brothers, siblings, children of the Asocial) can remain captive for a long time to the usual illusions that quietly and smoothly arose as a result of long-term cohabitation and a skewed system of intra-family relations. Also, for a long time, a person of the Dependent personality type may turn out to be the object of manipulation of the Asocial (for a description, see Characters. DEPENDENT PERSONALITY TYPE.).
Asocial types prone to deception, to manipulation of their interlocutor, close people, and, using their charm, imaginary goodwill, they sincerely do not see, are not able to feel the consequences, the human pain that arises for someone as a result of their actions. This is the nature of the Asocial.
The term in the title is quite common, used both by specialists who encounter such behavior in the nature of their work, and by ordinary people. However, it is not in any of the dictionaries - psychological, sociological, philosophical, ethical - and this applies to all Soviet-Russian publications of the 20th century. Paradox! But this happens when a word seems so clear and unambiguous that no one finds it difficult to clarify its definition... Let's try to understand this mysterious and mystical concept.
Human behavior in a broad sense is his way of life and actions, how he behaves in relation to society, ideas, other people, external and inner world, to themselves, considered from the side of their regulation social norms morality, aesthetics and law. It is axiomatically believed that all our behavior is socially determined and therefore, naturally, all of it is social, but it can also be asocial.
Asocial (from the Greek “a” - negative particle) is a characteristic of an individual or group whose behavior contradicts generally accepted norms. Hence, antisocial behavior is behavior that violates social norms (criminal, administrative, family) and is contrary to the rules of human life, activities, customs, and traditions of individuals and society as a whole. It turns out that we are talking about a violation of legal and moral norms, but the trap is that legal norms, even if they are violated, are always clearly stated and in each state there is a unified system of legal norms. Moral standards are not written, but implied; they are enshrined in traditions, customs, and religion. That is, there is a fan of ideas about moral norms, and there can be as many of them as there are bearers of these ideas. The situation seems to be similar with the concepts of morality and antisocial behavior. Everyone knows them and uses them, but a clear difference between them cannot be found in any work on ethics, not to mention the fact that these concepts themselves also do not have clear definitions. Morality is a certain combination of “I” and “You”, the possibility of dialogue and unity. Society isolates, and morality acts as a kind of compensation for alienation. This is a value that has its own importance for each of us. For example, hedonistic morality, where the main principle is pleasure and selfishness, is not social. Why? A person is concerned only with himself and strives to receive a maximum of positive emotions and a minimum of negative ones. Sounds tempting. Why should we strive for negative emotions? The catch is that here there is concern only for oneself, and the interests of others are simply not taken into account. Hence the basic contradiction. Within his morality, a person retains ideals and values, and morality acts as a way or form of their implementation. When interacting with other people whose interests he voluntarily or unwittingly ignores, his behavior will be perceived as antisocial.
If we consider the ideas about the rules of human behavior from a historical perspective, then the ancient Greek views, which have become very popular in our time, explained the conditioning of the norms of human communication by global, cosmic processes and orders. Aristotle considered behavior that establishes order to be positive, and behavior that violates it to be negative, while the main concept for him was the dichotomy “fair-unfair.” And antisocial behavior appeared to him as unfair. Subsequently, ideas about right and wrong in human relations and actions were accompanied by the formalization of certain rational rules, but initially it was about the social regulation of behavior carried out with the help of these rules.
You can look at antisocial behavior from the point of view of adaptation - maladaptation. Then we will regard social behavior as adaptive, and antisocial behavior as maladaptive. But will this help? After all, it is well known that it was maladaptive behavior that led to the progress of mankind. Thus, ritual burials and rock paintings did not have any utilitarian, adaptive purpose. From here it is quite obvious that maladaptation can also have a plus sign. Of course, antisocial behavior is maladaptive behavior, but, unfortunately, apart from the obvious statement, this does not give us anything due to the vagueness of the concept of “maladaptation,” which exacerbates the ambiguity of the original term.
The closest thing to the concept of “antisocial behavior” is the term “deviant,” i.e., non-normative behavior that deviates from the social norm. Deviation from the norm is called asocial primarily because the norm itself is social.
The famous lawyer V.N. Kudryavtsev uses the concept of “socially negative behavior” as an analogue of the term “antisocial behavior,” which is a relatively common phenomenon; therefore, it usually involves the development and implementation of organized forms of combating it. Such behavior “harms the entire people, negatively affects the development of the individual, and impedes the forward movement of society” 2 . The legal literature emphasizes that a clear separation various types social deviations are not always possible; for example, the same behavior may include a violation of administrative, moral and aesthetic norms. At the personal level, socially negative behavior manifests itself in crimes, delinquencies, immoral offenses, and violations of the rules of human society.
The term “criminal” or “criminal” behavior is also close to antisocial behavior, but in scope criminal or criminal behavior is much less common than asocial behavior, which includes other forms of offenses and immoral behavior.
Antisocial behavior is also considered as a type of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior is a manifestation of aggressiveness, expressed in destructive actions, the purpose of which is to cause harm. It is expressed differently in different people: physically or verbally, actively or passively, directly or indirectly, but the reality is that there are no people who would be completely absent. People differ only in the volume and proportion of aggressive patterns in their behavioral repertoire. Numerous theories of aggression identify and explain the origins of human aggressiveness, its mechanisms, but none of them suggests that its complete absence is possible, although all sorts of ways to control and correct it are proposed. Humanistic psychologists speak directly about aggression as a form of natural energy, recalling the energy of wind, sun, water, which can kill or help. A person can suppress the energy of aggression, and then this is fraught with illness. Another option is when a wave of energy breaks out in the form of words and deeds, sometimes constructive, sometimes not. No general rule to express aggression. The question is about its transformation, about changing the target and form of manifestation. That is, aggressive behavior can be destructive and constructive or creative. One of the founders of the American wing of existential psychotherapy, Rollo May, associates aggression with the manifestation of strength, and each person potentially has five levels of strength. The first level is the strength to live, it is manifested in how the child cries, achieving what he wants, from what he draws his strength and how he realizes it. If a child’s actions do not evoke a response from those around him, then he does not develop, and the extreme manifestation of such powerlessness is death. The power to live is not good or evil, it is primary in relation to them. And it must manifest itself throughout life, in otherwise psychoses, neuroses or violence await the person. The second level is self-affirmation. We not only live, but also need to affirm our being, defending our significance and thereby gaining self-esteem. The third level of strength is defending your “I”. This form of behavior is characterized by greater strength and outward focus than self-affirmation. We have a built-in reaction to an attack, and we are ready to respond to it. A person defends his own and other people’s interests, and often other people’s interests more energy than his own, but this is also a form of defending his “I”, since he defends these interests. The fourth level of strength is aggression, which appears when there is no opportunity to defend one’s “I”. And here a person infiltrates someone else’s space, partially taking it for himself. If we are deprived of the opportunity to express aggressive tendencies for some time, this will result in depression, neurosis, psychosis or violence. The fifth level of power is violence; it occurs when all other ways of asserting one’s power are blocked. Thus, each of us has a negative side that contributes to the potential for good and evil, and without which we cannot live. It is important, although not easy to understand, to accept the fact that a significant part of our successes is associated with contradictions generated by negative aspects. Life, R. May believes, is the achievement of good not aside from evil, but in spite of it.
It is clear from this that aggressive behavior is a much broader concept than antisocial behavior; on the other hand, they can overlap. Over the 20 years of its existence at the Faculty of Psychology, specialization in legal psychology, a solid array of data has been obtained on the characteristics of aggression of persons with both social and antisocial behavior. Thus, in the graduate study of E. P. Bulatchik, the characteristics of aggressiveness in persons with different types antisocial behavior, namely: persons who have committed thefts and murders. It turned out that murderers have significantly higher levels of aggression, especially directive type aggression, which manifests itself in establishing superiority over other people in the expectation that others will behave in accordance with their interests. At the same time, killers completely lack the need to reckon with other people, to take them into account. Similar results were found when comparing minors with the same types of antisocial behavior. When this type of antisocial behavior such as prostitution was studied (graduate work by I. Volkova, 1994), it turned out that in terms of level indicators of aggression, differences between female students and representatives of one of the oldest professions were found precisely in aggression of the directive type, and among female students directiveness is much higher. Thus, one cannot equate the severity of directive type aggression with antisocial behavior. Moreover, studies conducted among teachers and kindergarten teachers, whose behavior is absolutely social, show that these indicators are much higher for them.
Often the level of aggression of persons with antisocial behavior is higher than with social behavior, but it was also revealed that “ specific gravity"Aggression in the behavioral repertoire is of much greater importance than absolute indicators of aggression. Schoolchildren of ordinary and elite schools, students of various universities, including the St. Petersburg Institute of Theology, teachers, doctors, kindergarten teachers, bank employees, lawyers, psychologists - all have a certain level of aggression. For some it is higher, for others it is lower, but there were no such subjects whose indicators of aggression were completely absent! And of course, as a rule, the difference between persons with antisocial and social behavior was not in the level of aggression, but in its weight, volume and place that it occupies among other behavioral patterns.
A number of studies of individuals with antisocial behavior have shown that there is a relationship between such behavior and impulsivity. Impulsivity refers to behavior without first thinking about its consequences. Back in 1934, D. Guilford, within the framework of the factorial approach to the study of personality, first identified the factor of impulsiveness. Later, G. Eysenck undertook a special study of the factor structure of impulsivity on a large sample of subjects. Correlating impulsivity with basic personality factors revealed that the impulsivity factor was positively correlated with factors such as psychopathy and neuroticism, and was weakly related to the extraversion factor. These data allowed G. Eysenck to consider the factor of impulsivity as carrying a high psychopathological tone, which can determine the emergence of antisocial behavior. G. Eysenck's conclusion was confirmed in a number of works by other researchers, who noted that pronounced impulsivity was closely correlated with various pathopsychological symptoms (hyperkinesis, etc.), as well as with a tendency to antisocial behavior, regardless of age. Thus, in 1987 in the USA, S. Hormuth conducted a study in which 120 criminals (who committed crimes of varying severity), 90 soldiers and 30 workers were studied. The study was aimed at studying the influence of antisocial behavior, on the control of impulsive tendencies and on the personality in general. The results showed that criminals, compared to soldiers and workers, show less control of impulsive tendencies, are more aggressive, prone to depression and neuroses, and are more open and emotionally unstable.
However, not only foreign, but also some of our researchers noted that those who committed antisocial actions are characterized by impulsiveness. Thus, a study conducted by V.P. Golubev and Yu.N. Kudryakov of persons who committed robberies and robberies showed that they are characterized by: impulsiveness, stuck affect (rigidity), a tendency to suspicion, vindictiveness, alienation, withdrawal into oneself, the desire for maintaining distance between yourself and the outside world.
Studies conducted among criminals (murderers, convicted of mercenary-violent crimes, robbers, thieves), conducted by Yu. M. Antonyan and others, showed that the leading personal characteristics of most of them are impulsiveness, high aggressiveness, asociality, hypersensitivity to interpersonal relationships, alienation and maladjustment. The highest impulsivity with low self-control was observed among those convicted of mercenary-violent crimes.
One of the most recent studies on impulsivity and antisocial behavior was conducted in the framework of thesis I. Yu. Vasilyeva (2001). We studied 60 adolescents with antisocial behavior (petty hooliganism, leaving home, tendency to alcoholism) at the age of 15 years, equally divided by gender. As a result, it turned out that there were no significant gender differences in the level of impulsivity among the subjects. The study also showed that the impulsiveness of adolescents with antisocial behavior is interconnected with such personality traits as aggression, directiveness, anxiety, egocentrism, high levels of tension, fear, a tendency to overt aggressive behavior, hostility, high self-esteem, and high energy level.
So, by antisocial behavior we will understand socially negative behavior that violates legal and generally accepted moral norms, related in content to the concept of “deviant behavior” (which, apparently, is more comprehensive), characterized by a high probability of manifestation of aggression in open behavior, its high relative weight among other behavioral patterns, unformed attitudes towards social cooperation, selfishness, egocentrism and impulsiveness.
Is being different from others good or bad? Some might say that this defines a person as an independent person. And someone will insist that you can’t be different. In fact, both are right: a person is not always different from others in better side, and such a person is awarded the epithet “asocial.” This means a person who opposes the norms and rules of society. This will be discussed in the publication.
Definition
The meaning of the word “asocial” has several characteristics. If translated literally from Greek, we get the following definition: a person who is indifferent to society, who does not take active actions in the life of society, that is, an antisocial individual. Also, the word “antisocial” means behavior that is contrary to accepted norms and rules in society.
In fact, this concept has two opposing definitions. On the one hand, an antisocial is a person who acts contrary to established rules, but on the other hand, he is an individual who is not interested in interacting with society. If he has motivation, it is mainly aimed at solitary actions.
How is this term used?
Asocial is a term that came into use at the beginning of the twentieth century. Initially, it was used by politicians in their speeches, meaning by this word all disadvantaged people, that is, the underclass. During World War II, in the camps of the Third Reich, antisocial elements wore the same identification marks as mentally retarded people.
On the positive side, asociality is viewed in religious dogmas. Some monastic traditions encourage asociality, believing that a person who is away from society is closer to God.
Introverts, people who do not take active positions in society, can be called antisocial. But the extreme form of asociality is considered schizophrenia, which is characterized by the inability to empathize and establish contact with other people.
Another personality
Based on all of the above, a logical question arises: what kind of asocial personality is she?
So, an antisocial personality. The definition of this term will sound like this: an antisocial personality in psychology means a person with a perverted (underdeveloped or absent) sense of responsibility, who operates with low moral values and does not show interest in his own kind.
Such people are easy to recognize by their behavior. They can react painfully and quite violently to feelings of their own dissatisfaction and always strive to quickly get rid of objects or situations that bring discomfort. They are impulsive, tend to “put on masks”, and lie skillfully. But quite often they are perceived by those around them as intelligent and charming people. Antisocial people can find contact with others based on common interests, but they do not know how to show empathy and care.
Behavior
Asocial is different. Everything is wrong with him: from the habit of tying his shoelaces to his perception of reality, what can we say about his behavior? As already mentioned, such behavior differs from the norms and rules accepted in society. Depending on what the researcher considers to be the norm, the opposite action will be considered antisocial behavior. For example, if we examine the adaptation process, then maladaptive behavior can be considered antisocial.
Thus, the concept of “antisocial behavior” will have the following definition:
- This is one of the types of deviant behavior that causes damage to society. This behavior is not aimed at social relationships, but has a wide range of actions: from infantility to mental disorders.
Antisocial behavior cannot always be considered a negative quality; there is evidence that people of the antisocial type have brought a lot of new things to the development of society. Although this is just an exception to the rule. In addition, one should not confuse antisocial behavior with antisocial behavior, since the latter is associated with criminal, illegal and immoral actions. Antisocial behavior originates from avoidance of other people and the inability to build relationships with them, which, in fact, ends with mental disorders.
Appropriate measures
Often, the prevention of antisocial behavior is carried out in clubs or educational institutions. Its main methods are aimed at helping to set the right priorities, change a value system that has not yet been formed and, of course, promote healthy image life. Preventive activities can take the form of lessons, games or tests.
In general, prevention is divided into several types, depending on the complexity of the deviation:
- Primary. All actions are aimed at eliminating the factors that provoked the emergence of antisocial behavior and, while staying away from these factors, forming the individual’s resistance to their influence.
- Secondary. This includes working with a risk group, that is, with individuals who have had neuropsychic disorders, or with those who have a tendency towards antisocial behavior, but have not yet manifested it.
- Tertiary. Direct intervention by doctors with further treatment.
Summing up
Asocial is different. He is distinguished by isolation, taciturnity, emotional instability and a desire to be alone with himself. Antisocial individuals want to stay away from society. What provoked such zeal? Wrong value system, difficult circumstances or simple non-acceptance of the main part of the rules and regulations? There is no reliable answer to this question. After all, on the one hand, an antisocial person can be dangerous and mentally unbalanced, but on the other hand, he can be an ordinary person who wants to change this world for the better, and he has no desire to refuse communication, he simply does not have enough time.
Antisociality
Antisociality(from ancient Greek ἀντί - against, and lat. socialis- social) - a negative attitude towards social norms or standards of behavior, the desire to counteract them. Including the traditions of a particular social group of people.
Description
Antisociality differs from asociality the fact that in the second case the individual treats social norms with indifference and misunderstanding, and does not seek to counteract them.
A.L. Wenger notes that “with asociality and, especially, with antisociality, psychopath-like behavior is often observed, characterized by impulsiveness and violation of generally accepted norms.”
Razumovskaya notes that “the most dangerous form of antisocial behavior is expressed in crime,” and also that “antisocial behavior manifests itself not only in the external behavioral side, but also in changes in value orientations and ideas, that is, in the deformation of the system of internal regulation of individual behavior.”
Qualities of antisocial behavior
Ts. P. Korolenko, N. V. Dmitrieva, according to DSM-IV, identify the following negative qualities of persons with antisocial behavior:
- frequent leaving home and not returning at night;
- tendency to physical violence, pugnacity with weaker peers;
- cruelty to others and cruelty to animals;
- knowingly damaging property belonging to others;
- targeted arson;
- frequent lies caused by various reasons;
- tendency to theft and robbery
- the desire to involve people of the opposite sex in violent sexual activity.
After the age of 15, carriers of antisocial disorders exhibit the following symptoms:
- difficulties in learning associated with failure to prepare homework;
- difficulties in production activities due to the fact that such persons often do not work even in cases where work is available to them;
- frequent, unjustified absences from school and work;
- frequent leaving work without real plans related to further employment;
- non-compliance with social norms, antisocial actions of a criminal nature;
- irritability, aggressiveness, manifested both in relation to family members (beating one’s own children) and in relation to others;
- failure to fulfill their financial obligations (they do not repay debts, they do not provide financial assistance relatives in need);
- lack of planning of your life;
- impulsiveness, expressed in moving from place to place without a clear goal;
- deceit;
- lack of loyalty to others with the desire to “shift” the blame onto others, to put others at risk, for example, by leaving open electrical wiring that is dangerous to life. Failure to comply with safety regulations when working at risk to life. The desire to engage in risky driving that puts others at risk.
- lack of activities related to caring for one’s own children. Frequent divorces.
- lack of remorse for harm caused to others.
- Anxiety and fear are not present, so they are not afraid of the consequences of their actions.
Ts. P. Korolenko, N. V. Dmitrieva note that the desire of adults to punish persons with antisocial behavior “is accompanied by unfulfilled promises not to repeat such behavior.”
The concept of social behavior. Prosocial and antisocial behavior. Aggression
The results of socialization can be judged by a person’s social behavior. If the socialization process proceeds normally, then the person exhibits pronounced prosocial behavior and no antisocial behavior, although manifestations of antisocial behavior may occur.
Prosocial behavior(from the Latin pro - a prefix denoting someone acting in the interests of someone and socialis - social) - the behavior of an individual that is oriented towards the good social groups and individuals. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
In general, prosocial behavior characterizes actions performed by one person for another and for his benefit. This definition is also true when the helper also benefits. There is an important truth to recognize about prosocial behavior: people rarely help for any one reason. We help to: 1) improve our own well-being; 2) increase social status and earn the approval of others; 3) support our self-image; 4) cope with your own mood and emotions.
Antisocial behavior– a type of behavior characterized by the denial of social norms and values accepted in society.
Antisocial behavior and antisocial behavior are not the same thing. A person with antisocial behavior comes into active conflict with the norms of society. Antisocial people do not openly violate norms, but deliberately exclude themselves from normal life society. More often in the psychological literature, antisocial behavior is called aggressive.
Aggression– behavior calculated to cause harm to another person.
The following types of aggression are distinguished:
indirect and direct aggression (indirect aggression: causing harm to another without conflict face to face, for example, malicious gossip; direct aggression: causing harm to someone "to their face", for example, physical aggression - punching, kicking, or verbal aggression - insult , threats);
emotional and instrumental aggression (emotional aggression: behavior that causes harm to another person, giving vent to angry feelings, for example, someone in a rage throws a chair at a co-worker; instrumental aggression: causing harm to someone in order to achieve some other (non-aggressive) goals, for example, a hired killer kills for money).
If we look at social behavior from a performance perspective, there is well-known research in social psychology showing that in certain circumstances others can contribute to improved performance, and in other cases to deterioration. In the first case we are talking about social facilitation, and in the second – social inhibition.
Social facilitation is an increase in the speed or productivity of an individual’s activity due to the actualization in his mind of the image of another person (or group of people) acting as a rival or observer of the actions of this individual.
Back in 1897, Norman Triplett conducted an experiment testing cyclists in a 25-mile race in individual and group versions. Competitors in the group race performed 5 seconds per mile better than competitors individual group. V. Mede found that when teamwork The weak members of the group win, and the strong lose. It has been established that the emergence of the phenomenon of social facilitation depends on the nature of the tasks performed by a person: complex, creative tasks in most cases are best performed alone, and simple ones in a group. The presence of an observer has a positive effect on the quantitative characteristics of the activity and a negative effect on the qualitative ones.
Managers at various levels, consciously or unconsciously, often take into account the process of social facilitation, organizing workplaces in such a way that each employee is constantly in sight of colleagues and superiors.
However, according to a number of scientists, other people do not always contribute to improving performance. F. Allport wrote: “Working in the company of others, even if there is no direct contact and communication between them, nevertheless creates influences of an inhibitory nature.” Indeed, in a number of cases, the real or imagined presence of other people leads to a deterioration in performance. This phenomenon is called social inhibition
Social inhibition is a deterioration in performance in the presence of other people.
People around you, wittingly or unwittingly, distract and even irritate you. Especially when things are not going well - here someone else’s presence not only does not help, but even prevents you from concentrating on the task. Accordingly, work efficiency decreases. Those. the presence of others not only stimulates, but also distracts attention at the same time.
The phenomenon of social facilitation and inhibition is well explained using the concept of “dominant response”. A dominant reaction is a temporarily dominant reflex system, i.e. a system of habitual actions that gives behavior a purposeful character. So, excitement, which is caused by the presence of others, always strengthens the dominant reaction. Increased arousal improves simple problem solving. But this same excitement interferes with the performance of unmastered and complex operations.
Learning has a great influence on human behavior. Learning differs from learning as the acquisition of experience in activity, i.e. learning is a process that is predominantly unconscious for the subject. Therefore, social learning is carried out through the mechanisms of infection, imitation, suggestion, and reinforcement. Our own learning and, accordingly, development is possible only thanks to other people. Those. learning is a social process.
What to learn and how to learn - all this is determined by the values of the social environment and ways of transmitting social experience. In psychological practice, the method of social learning, carried out in training work, is widespread. Skills training groups are designed to teach adaptive skills that are useful when faced with complex life situations. The main procedures for social learning in such groups are modeling (presentation of samples of adaptive behavior), behavior rehearsal (training, role-playing), instruction (information on how to behave in order to achieve a goal), reinforcement (rewards, positive reactions and incentives offered participants and group leader).
Regulation of behavior specific person depends on how control is exercised by various social groups.
Social control is a system of influence of society and social groups on an individual in order to regulate his behavior.
Social control is experienced to the greatest extent by individuals whose behavior can be characterized as deviant, i.e. does not meet group norms. It has been experimentally shown that in a corporate group negative sanction (punishment, coercion, etc.) significantly prevails over positive (encouragement, approval, etc.). Any violation of group norms is perceived by the community as a threat to its very existence and leads to immediate punishment. Social control exercised by a group of a high level of development is characterized by flexibility and differentiation, which contributes to the formation of self-control among team members.
The basis of the regulation of human social behavior, according to V.A. Yadov, lies a system of personal dispositions.
Personal disposition is an internal readiness, a predisposition to perceive and act in a certain way in relation to an object.
Scientists are asked to highlight 4 levels of personal dispositions, each of which X affects different activity levels.
First level constitute elementary fixed attitudes, they are formed on the basis of vital (explain the term) needs in the simplest situations, in the family environment and in the lowest “subject situations”. This level of dispositions can be designated as an elementary fixed attitude. The affective component plays a significant role in the formation of dispositions.
Second level These are more complex dispositions that are formed on the basis of a person’s need for communication carried out in a small group, and, accordingly, in those situations that are specified by activities in this group. Here, the regulatory role of disposition lies in the fact that the personality is already developing certain attitudes towards those social objects that are included in activity at a given level. A disposition of this level corresponds to a social fixed attitude, which, compared to an elementary fixed attitude, has a complex three-component structure and contains cognitive, affective and behavioral components.
Third level determines the general direction of an individual’s interests in relation to a specific sphere of social activity, or basic social attitudes. Dispositions of this kind are formed in those areas of activity where a person satisfies his need for activity, manifested as a specific “work”, a specific area of leisure, etc. Just like attitudes, basic social attitudes have a three-component structure, i.e. This is not so much an expression of attitude towards the department. social object, how much to some more significant social areas.
Fourth, highest level dispositions are formed by a system of value orientations of the individual, which regulate the behavior and activity of the individual in the most significant situations of his social activity. The system of value orientations expresses the individual’s attitude to the goals of life, to the means of satisfying these goals, i.e. to such “circumstances” of a person’s life, cat. can only be determined by general social conditions, type of society, system of its economic, political, ideological principles. The cognitive component of dispositions receives the predominant expression.
The proposed hierarchy of dispositional formations acts as a regulatory system in relation to individual behavior. More or less accurately, each of the levels of dispositions can be correlated with the regulation of specific types of activity.
Who is an antisocial element?
Garik Avakyan
ASOCIAL PERSONALITY TYPE
There is a well-recognized type of people - the so-called Asocial type. Its main feature, the axis that permeates the entire personality, behavior, and actions of the Asocial, is the satisfaction of his instinctive needs.
But this is a special satisfaction, “without brakes.” Without an internal struggle of motives, without doubt... Not accepting any obstacles. Neither in the requirements of society developed over centuries, nor in generally accepted moral norms, nor in the condemnation of friends or relatives, nor in possible punishment, nor in the expectation of “retribution”, remorse... .
An antisocial personality manifests itself at an early age. This could be aggressive behavior, early promiscuity, a special mechanical view of sex (“pleasant, good for health”), or a tendency to abuse alcohol and drugs.
Depending on the time, place of residence, and environment, either individual of the listed signs appear, or all of them in combination.
Own impulses, born from simple instinctive needs, are felt by the Asocial as urgent, the delay in the implementation of which is unthinkable. And if a delay does occur for some reason, then the Asocial responds with an aggressive reaction, which sometimes manifests itself as cruelty.
A kind of gender determinism may manifest itself here. An antisocial man, especially if he is not burdened with high intelligence, can express his aggression directly, in the form of physical violence, inflicting bodily harm on someone who is interfering with something, or by smashing and breaking surrounding inanimate objects. A woman of an asocial type can show her aggression in cruel slander, a special sophisticated deceit towards the “ill-wisher”.
An antisocial person, establishing close interpersonal relationships, focuses exclusively on himself, on receiving attention, warm feelings, care and love. Giving nothing, or almost nothing, in return.
The result is the impossibility, the inability of a person of an asocial type to maintain close and meaningful interpersonal relationships. Relationships that involve the presence of qualities that are absent in the Antisocial.
Communicating with the Asocial, those around him, over time, usually “read” his main characteristics. Increasingly experiencing sensations: misunderstanding - dissatisfaction - tension - irritation and, as a result, break off the relationship.
Only the closest relatives (parents, brothers, sisters, children of the Asocial) can remain captive for a long time to the usual illusions that quietly and smoothly arose as a result of long-term cohabitation and a skewed system of intra-family relations. Also, for a long time, a person of the Dependent personality type may turn out to be the object of manipulation of the Asocial (for a description, see Characters. DEPENDENT PERSONALITY TYPE.).
Asocial types are prone to deception, to manipulation of their interlocutor, close people, and, using their “charm”, imaginary “goodwill”, they sincerely do not see, are not able to feel the consequences, the human pain that arises in someone as a result of their actions. This is the nature of the Asocial.
Mila
Such crap! Open the Wikipedia article and there’s no need to be fancy.
Asocial - far from public life. There is no need to characterize him as some kind of criminal.
Asociality is behavior and actions that do not correspond to the norms and rules of behavior of people in society and public morality.
Asociality (social indifference) - lack of strong motivation for social interaction and/or the presence of only motivation for solitary activity. Asociality differs from antisociality in that the latter implies open hostility towards other people and/or society as a whole. Asociality should also not be confused with misanthropy.
What to do if you are antisocial?
Chipenko Anton
Well, it seems to me that even with asociality you can find some advantages, for example, when a person is alone, he thinks a lot, at least if he is able to think at all. Often loneliness contributes to a variety of creativity, so I would not say that loneliness is so bad, but of course there is no need to take loneliness to extremes, of course you need to be in contact with the outside world, and in any case you have to be in contact with those around you because you simply can’t survive otherwise. But of course, if a person wants to get rid of asociality, it means that it interferes with his life, therefore he needs work on yourself, go out for short distances first.
Alisa1976
If a person himself suffers from his isolation and lack of contact, he needs to try to gradually, step by step, change himself at least a little. First, you should learn how to communicate on the Internet, if you have no real friends at all, and then in life. You can try asking questions, at least in stores, on the streets in order to overcome your shyness, if this is what we are talking about.
Master key 111
Do nothing, why change yourself, I have a friend who simply hates being in public so he constantly goes hiking, or just sits at home with loved ones, or alone, this is not bad and not good, there are just such people and they live like they like it, and that's the main thing.
If you mean avoiding communication, then you don’t need to do anything.
You may think that this is not normal, I can reassure you, it is not.
Withdrawal from communication is a stage of personal maturation. You didn’t climb into a barrel like Diogenes (this is still an extreme). By the way Diogenes the clearest example asociality and genius.
Geniuses are often antisocial.
You need to fight your fears, try to communicate, joke and contact people as much as possible. Yes, in our lives not everyone grows up to be speakers who lead crowds. But we cannot put up with such a fact, since man is a social being and languishes without communication.
If you ask passers-by on the street what an “antisocial lifestyle” means, the answers will probably mention alcoholism, drug addiction, begging, homeless people, etc. What causes this phenomenon? How can you fight it?
Antisocial lifestyle
Most of society does approximately the same thing every day: some go to work, some go to school or college, some stay at home and run the household. In a word, everyone plays their role, one way or another useful for the others. However, there are also people who act contrary to generally accepted norms and morals. An antisocial lifestyle is usually understood as destructive, when a person not only separates himself from society, but also opposes himself to it, while behaving accordingly. This is a narrow understanding of the term.
In fact, people leading an antisocial lifestyle do not always belong to disadvantaged sections of society: drug addicts, alcoholics, homeless people, beggars, people without certain occupations, etc. In the classical sense, they just avoid normal interactions with other people as much as possible, or simply incapable of this. In this case, this category could include, for example, introverts or people suffering from mental illness.
Is this always a bad thing?
If we talk about the classical scientific understanding of this term, asociality is not a vice. Moreover, in some conditions this is even a good thing. Suffice it to recall the monks and hermits who voluntarily refuse active interaction with the rest of society. In some religions, an asocial lifestyle indicates a person’s spiritual enlightenment, a departure from the worldly, as a result of which he acquires a completely different attitude, and sometimes a certain gift. Something similar is still practiced today in some movements of Christianity, Buddhism, etc. But such an example is rather an exception and has nothing to do with what an asocial lifestyle means outside of any religious practices.
Consequences
It is quite difficult to imagine that several thousand respectable citizens suddenly began to lead an asocial lifestyle. However, we can guess what consequences this will have. Some of them will be noticeable only in the long term, while some will be noticeable almost immediately. It is worth listing at least a few.
- Decreased overall health, increased epidemiological danger. In addition to the devastating effects tobacco, alcohol and drugs have on the human body, some people are likely to become less careful about their personal hygiene, which can lead to the growth and spread of dangerous bacteria. Promiscuous sexual intercourse contributes to the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and also increases the risk of unplanned pregnancy. This situation often leads to either abortion or abandonment of the child immediately after birth.
- The appearance of more homeless and unemployed people on the streets will increase crime rates. The level of crimes, including extremely dangerous ones such as murder and rape, will increase significantly.
- As a result of a decrease in the number of respectable law-abiding citizens, tax revenue will decrease and the share of the shadow economy will increase, which will sooner or later undermine the foundations of the state.
Countermeasures
Children are the future of the world, first of all, because when proper education within one or two generations, significant shifts in society can be achieved in any direction. Instilling the wrong values can lead to very unpleasant results later. This is why effective prevention measures are so important. antisocial image life among young people, especially when it comes to the so-called dysfunctional families. Anti-advertising of alcohol, tobacco, drugs, disordered lifestyle, conversations with psychologists, help centers, hotlines, offering an affordable alternative in the form of sports. In addition, sometimes it is necessary to remove children from this environment, that is, to separate them from their family in order to instill in them other values that correspond to generally accepted morality. In less advanced cases, patronage and regular checks are sufficient. However, such measures are not very popular and may cause opposition. Also, such power can serve as a basis for abuse. But sometimes it's simply necessary.
