Treatment and diet for urates in the kidneys. Urate kidney stones, the lesser evil

At my appointment, a lot of questions are asked about the treatment of urate kidney stones with folk methods. Everyone offers and asks about the effectiveness of methods received from a neighbor, grandmother or read on a random forum.

The modern method of treating kidney stones - extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy - is based on the destruction of stones by a focused shock wave.

There are several types of devices. Some act on stones with an electro-hydraulic wave, others with an electromagnetic wave, and others use piezoelectrics.

The method of remote shock wave lithotripsy is highly effective and has almost no effect on the patient's body. Sometimes additional actions are required, for example, the installation of a catheter, but the device itself does not have direct contact with a person.

Currently, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is used to destroy large and bilateral stones, in a solitary kidney, in renal anomalies, and in X-ray negative stones.

However, not all types of stones are equally destructible. Much depends primarily on their structure and density. Sometimes multiple sessions are required. However, the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ranges from 90 to 98%. The optimal period by which one can judge the results of the procedure is 3 months. During this time, all fragments of the destroyed stone should come out.

Despite its safety, this method can cause complications, although this happens quite rarely. Sometimes during the session there is a violation of the rhythm of heart contractions, changes in blood pressure, the patient is somewhat excited.

Immediately after the procedure, short-term attacks of renal colic often occur, and a small number of red blood cells appear in the urine. However, the doctor manages to cope with all this rather quickly and without much difficulty.

Another modern method of treating kidney stones is ultrasonic stimulation of the nervous, muscle and kidney tissues. For this, special ultrasonic devices are used that destroy stones in the ureter.

All procedures are carried out under the control of an X-ray unit combined with a television camera. The screen shows how the ultrasonic emitter captures and destroys the stone. This method is most effective for moderate functional disorders and a short stay of the stone in the ureter.

Urologist about the methods of treatment of urate stones

Dissolution of urate stones in the kidneys

From physiotherapeutic procedures, patients are prescribed diathermy, inductothermy, general thermal baths. The mode of life during this period should be active, it is necessary to move enough. The patient is recommended regular physical exercises that contribute to the independent discharge of stones.

In the stage of remission, patients with diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract, the doctor may prescribe spa treatment.

Treatment consists in ingestion of mineral water. Sometimes mineral baths with a sedative effect are shown. You can drink mineral water only during remission, in the absence of pain.

Mineral water normalizes the work of all organs and systems of the body. However, in order for the therapeutic effect of mineral water to be as long as possible, it is necessary to follow the already known rules of treatment. mineral water:

– be sure to combine treatment with mineral water with diet therapy;

- drink warm water, heated to a temperature of 40-50 ° C;

- take 1-3 glasses of water a day (depending on the doctor's recommendation) 30-90 minutes before meals;

- Degas water before drinking.

In no case should you drink even lightly carbonated water.

You should not drink mineral water more than the specified amount. With prolonged use, mineral water can lead to leaching or, conversely, the deposition of salts in the kidneys and joints, disrupting the acid-base balance of the body.

Medicinal mineral water should only be used as prescribed by a doctor.

As a rule, 1-2 courses of treatment in combination with a diet, taking drugs prescribed by a doctor, and spa treatment are enough to maintain the improved condition of the patient throughout the year.

Before treatment with mineral water, it is necessary to consult with the attending physician, who will recommend the most suitable brand of water for health reasons.

When using mineral water for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, sour, salty, canned foods should not be eaten.

At the same time, as a preventive measure for diseases of the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract, warm baths are also recommended, which relax the muscles of the urinary system.

Of course, it is best to undergo a course of treatment directly at the resort. But even there, one should strictly follow the advice of the attending physician, not exceeding the recommended dose.

The course of treatment with mineral water is 30 days, after which you should take a break for 2-3 months. Then, in the absence of indications, treatment can be repeated.

Information taken from the site http://healthinfo.ua

Diet for urate stones

Urate nephrolithiasis, or, as it is also called, uric acid diathesis, develops against the background of hyperuricosuria, with a small volume of urine that is constantly acidic.

Hyperuricosuria, that is, an increased concentration of uric acid in the urine, develops with a violation of purine metabolism, eating food rich in purine bases, a high-protein diet, and drinking alcohol.

Purines, which include uric acid, are organic nitrogen-containing compounds that are part of nucleic acids and animal proteins. In the human body, they are formed as intermediate compounds in the process of metabolism and mainly in the process of protein metabolism.

Briefly and clearly about the diet for kidney stones, you can learn from Malysheva

Thus, with urate nephrolithiasis in the urine of an acidic reaction, urate stones are formed, consisting mainly of uric acid and its salts. Given the etiology of the formation of urate stones, at the first stage of cleaning it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

* firstly, sharply limit the consumption of foods containing a significant amount of purine substances;

* secondly, to carry out hydration, in other words, to increase the water saturation of the body;

* thirdly, to achieve alkalization of urine.

To combat uraturia as a diet, the milk-vegetarian diet number 6 is best.

With urate stones, the diet should prevent excessive formation of uric acid in the body. To do this, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of foods with acidic properties - animal proteins rich in purines, and increase the proportion of foods with alkaline properties - fruits, vegetables, berries and herbs.

Nutrition for urate kidney stones

Allowed: weak tea, tea with milk, white wheat, gray bread, rye bread (yesterday); soaked herring; whole milk, sour cream in moderation, a large amount of cottage cheese (400 g per day), fresh yogurt, butter and Provencal butter in a moderate amount (60 g per day), eggs without yolks (no more than 1 yolk per day), milk soups , vegetables, cereals vegetarian, but without mushrooms, peas, lentils, beans, beans, sorrel, spinach and without sautéing and frying vegetables and flour.

Meat, fish, poultry of low-fat varieties are given no more than once a day or every other day;

Fried foods are allowed(meat and fish are fried after they have been previously boiled), vinegar, bay leaf and other spices; various dishes from cereals and pasta, except for fried ones; vegetables are different, except for those listed above, in an increased amount of raw, boiled, baked; fruits in raw, boiled and baked form; berries are different, except for sour varieties (Antonov apples, cranberries, red currants, gooseberries).

Vitamins are given in the form of raw vegetables and fruits, rosehip infusion, fruit and vegetable juices.

Salt is normal.

It is forbidden for urate kidney stones: liver, kidneys, brains, fried meat, meat, fish and mushroom broths and sauces, egg yolk, sausages, canned meat and fish, spicy dishes, spicy seasonings, very sour foods and dishes.

From vegetables and herbs - celery, asparagus, spinach, sorrel, lentils, beans, soybeans, Brussels sprouts, which contain a lot of purines. Dishes from peas, beans, beans. Pastry products, ice cream, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

Chemical composition: proteins - 100 g, fats - 70 g, carbohydrates - 500-550 g, calories - up to 3500.

Diet: frequent meals - 5 times a day, exclude very cold dishes, introduce plenty of liquid up to 2.5-3 liters per day, mainly in the form of various fruit and vegetable juices.

Sample menu for urate stones

• 8-9 hours. Vinaigrette with sour cream, tea with milk, cottage cheese, butter, bread.
• 12-13 hours. Fried eggs, buckwheat porridge, vitamin juices.
• 16-17 hours. Vegetarian vegetable soup with roots, vegetables and sour cream, boiled meat and then fried on breadcrumbs, fried potatoes, sauerkraut, compote.
• 19-20 hours. Pasta casserole with cottage cheese, vegetable cutlets, jelly.
• 22 hours. Milk, bun.

For alkalization of urine with uraturia, it is very good to use alkalizing juices such as cucumber squash and pumpkin.

It should be noted that cucumber juice is an excellent diuretic. And since cucumber juice contains a fairly high content of silicon, it helps to restore the colloidal structure of urine.

Pumpkin juice, like cucumber juice, is an excellent diuretic, that is, a diuretic. It improves metabolism, has an anti-inflammatory and mild laxative effect. Pumpkin juice prevents the aging of the body.

Alkalinizing juices are taken in an amount of 100-150 ml 15-30 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day. It is very important that the volume of juice drunk during the day: the patient regulates himself, based on the fact that the pH of the urine during the cleaning process must be maintained at 6.2-6.6.

It should be remembered that a large alkalinization of urine, when the pH values ​​\u200b\u200bbecome higher than 6.6, is fraught with the fact that phosphates and carbonates begin to crystallize and precipitate in the kidneys, forming new stones. Whereas with insufficient alkalinization, when the pH values ​​​​of urine are below 6.2, the process of destruction of urate stones slows down.

As herbal medicine, preference should also be given to low-component collections, which include medicinal raw materials with bactericidal and antihypoxic properties, as well as components that normalize the colloidal structure of urine.

Extracts from plants have a pronounced uratolytic effect, that is, the ability to increase the solubility of uric acid and its salts: barberry (leaves and roots), cranberries (leaves and fruits), strawberries (fruits and leaves), stinging nettle and stinging nettle (roots), gout ordinary (grass), bearberry (leaves), stone stony (leaves), succession (grass).

Restore the colloidal structure of urine and enhance the excretion of uric acid and its salts: birch sap and leaves, blueberry and bearberry flowers.

Folk methods for urate kidney stones

Keep in mind that fees help only from urate stones, they are useless for all other types.

In the presence of uric acid diathesis and urate stones are offered fees next composition.

Collection from urate kidney stones No. 1:

• Black elderberry flowers - 3 parts.
• Linden flowers - 3 parts.
• Chestnut flowers - 3 parts.
• Rose hips - 2 parts.
• Parsley fruits - 2 parts.
• Willow bark - 2 parts.
• Birch leaves - 2 parts.
• 3 tablespoons of raw materials for 3 cups of boiling water (daily dose), insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take in equal portions in 4 divided doses half an hour before meals.

Collection number 2

• Lingonberry leaves - 1 part.
• Parsley root - 1 part.
• Grass kidney tea (pharmacy) - 1 part.
• Tansy flowers - 1 part.
• Grass mountaineer bird - 1 part.
• Strawberry leaves - Part I.
• 2 tablespoons of the collection for 2 cups of boiling water, insist in heat for 30 minutes. Take half a glass 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals.

Collection number 3

• Walnut leaves - 1 part. Steel root - 1 part. Wheatgrass rhizomes - 1 part. Juniper fruits - 1 part. Grass of the golden rod - 1 part. Prepare as #2. Take 1 glass in the morning in the evening.
• Collection number 4
• Horsetail grass - 1 part.
• Woodruff grass - 1 part.
• Burdock root - 1 part.
• Black elderberry flowers - 1 part.
• Pour 2 teaspoons of the collection with a glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour. Take 3 times a day with meals.

Collection number 5

• Celery rhizome - 1 part. Asparagus root - 1 part.
• Needle root - 1 part.
• Parsley root - 1 part.
• Fennel fruit - 1 part.
• 4 tablespoons collection for 2 cups of water, cook for 30 minutes. Take warm half a cup 15-20 minutes before meals 4 times a day.

Collection number 6

• Birch leaves - 1 part.
• Steel root - 1 part.
• Juniper fruits - 1 part.
• Celandine grass - 1 part.
• Potentilla grass goose - 1 part.
• Pour 2 tablespoons of the collection with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Freshly prepared infusion drink warm 1 glass at night.

For the prevention of stone formation in the urate variant of urolithiasis during periods of remission, along with fees, simpler forms can be used - infusions of individual plants.

Among the most widely prescribed are corn stigmas (2-3 tablespoons per cup of boiling water, boil for 30 minutes, take a quarter cup 4 times a day before meals), harrow root, parsley root and herb, celery rhizome with or without herbs, asparagus root.

For prophylactic purposes, decoctions of these herbs are taken in reduced concentrations (in an average form - 1-2 teaspoons of raw materials per glass of boiling water, boil in a bath for 20 minutes, leave for 2 hours, take a quarter cup 3-4 times a day for half an hour before meals) ,

TO pharmaceutical preparations prescribed for urate nephrolitasis include various citrate mixtures and other metabolic agents produced in the form of powders, tablets or drops (allopurinol, magurlit, blemaren, solimok, urolesan, cystone, etc.), which are taken for a long time under the control of urine pH (6- 7).

Information taken from the site rusmedserver.ru

Urate kidney stones scientifically

The problem of treatment of urolithiasis remains one of the most urgent in modern urology.

Urate urolithiasis is one of the types of urolithiasis, the frequency of which is last years increased significantly - from 5-10% in the 50s of the last century to 20-30% at the present time, which is associated with the increasing impact of a number of environmental factors leading to the accumulation of excess lead in the body, as well as an increase in alcohol consumption.

The etiopathogenesis of urate lithiasis is the most studied and is associated with complex physicochemical processes occurring both in the body as a whole and at the level of the urinary system of a congenital or acquired nature.

The biochemical basis of purine metabolism disorders are hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria, leading to the formation of stones consisting of uric acid, as well as sodium, ammonium and calcium (very rarely) salts of this acid.

The process of stone formation goes through a number of stages - from saturation and supersaturation of urine with salts and further to the phases of enucleation, crystallization and crystal growth to clinically significant sizes, when the mechanisms of inhibition of crystal growth are ineffective or absent.

Hyperuricuria creates the prerequisites for the crystallization of uric acid, mainly in the region of the terminal nephron and at the top of the renal papilla, similar to Randal's plaques. Uric acid crystals can also lead to the development of aseptic necrosis of the epithelium of the tubules, which, being rejected, under conditions of hyperuricemia, can become the core of a future calculus.

Hyperuricemia leads to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the interstitial tissue of the kidney and causes interstitial nephritis or early changes in the small renal vessels with the development of arterial hypertension.

Nephrotiliasis with kidney stones

The genesis of urate nephrolithiasis has both common causes for stone formation and a characteristic feature only for it, which consists in the fact that high acidity of urine is necessary for the formation of urate stone, since uric acid dissolves only in slightly acidic and alkaline environments.

At a urine pH above 6.5, uric acid crystallization does not occur, and it is excreted in a dissolved state, a decrease in urine pH less than 5.5 leads to supersaturation of urine with uric acid crystals, which precipitate and serve as a framework for stone formation.

An increase in the concentration of uric acid in the blood is associated with excess nutrition (especially with an increase in the proportion of food rich in protein in the diet), prolonged fasting, physical inactivity, frequent use of alcohol and caffeine, and taking certain medications: laxatives and diuretics, antibiotics, corticosteroid hormones.

In some cancers and malignant blood diseases, hyperuricemia can also develop.

The development of urolithiasis

Attempts to explain the development of urolithiasis by any one cause did not lead to anything, therefore, in each case, it is necessary, before prescribing treatment, to conduct an examination in order to find out all the possible causes of the development of the disease in this patient.

Examination of patients involves the collection of anamnestic data, laboratory (with a mandatory study of the level of calcium and uric acid in the blood, excretion of calcium, oxalates, phosphates, uric acid), ultrasound, X-ray (review and excretory urography) examination, as well as bacteriological analysis of urine.

Additional information can be obtained from helical computed tomography with a bolus of radiopaque or magnetic resonance imaging.

When preparing for the operation, it is also necessary to consult a general practitioner, an anesthesiologist, and, if indicated, other specialists. After independent discharge or removal of the stone in one way or another, a study of the chemical composition of the stones is carried out.

Statistics on urate stones

The survey results reveal various options disorders of purine metabolism: an increase in both the level of uric acid in the blood and its daily excretion in an average of 25% of patients; an increase in the level of uric acid in the blood with normal daily excretion in 20% of patients; normal content of uric acid in the blood with increased daily excretion in 15% of patients.

In other patients, the content of uric acid in the blood and its daily excretion may be normal, despite the urate composition of the stones.
More than 50% of patients with urate nephrolithiasis belong to the age category of 50 years and older and have various comorbidities (obesity, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gout, etc.), which affect the choice of treatment and necessitate them additional preoperative preparation.

Modern medicine has a whole arsenal of conservative, surgical and combined treatments for urate urolithiasis.

The choice of treatment method is determined by the number of calculi, the location of stones, their size and shape, the duration of the disease, the presence of concomitant urinary tract infection, the functional ability of the kidney, the presence of concomitant diseases, the general condition of the patient, the anatomy of the upper urinary tract and other features. It is important to note that treatment is carried out both according to emergency and according to planned indications.

Open surgical interventions (pyelolithotomy, nephrolithotomy), although they have not lost their significance to date in nephrolithiasis, are not of decisive importance and are used in 3–5% of patients.

They should be considered as a necessary measure and used in specific circumstances and when it is impossible to carry out other methods of treatment. Basically, these operations are performed in emergency situations with acute obstructive pyelonephritis caused by blockage of the urinary tract with large kidney stones, or when destructive forms of this disease occur.

In a planned manner, open surgery is indicated in the presence of secondary kidney stones in combination with various anomalies of the upper urinary tract, which cannot be corrected except by resorting to surgical correction (stricture, periureteritis, etc.).

Nephrotiliasis and uric acid kidney stones

IN recent decades laparoscopic stone removal and retroperitoneal pyelolithotomy (endoscopic stone removal by percutaneous retroperitoneal access) compete with open operations for nephrolithiasis.

The main interventions for the removal of urate kidney stones are extracorporeal lithotripsy (ELT), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), which can be combined and combined with litholytic therapy.

The introduction of percutaneous nephrostomy into practice has revived interest in local litholysis, which means direct application of a dissolving drug to the stone. An optimal litholytic effect can be achieved with uric acid and struvite stones. The method can be combined with percutaneous stone removal or EBRT.

Percutaneous fluoroendoscopic surgery in the "epoch of EBRT" is used to solve complex clinical cases of urate nephrolithiasis: unsuccessful EBRT, in the presence of contraindications for EBRT, as well as an independent or combined with EBRT ("sandwich therapy") method in the treatment of large, multiple stones , stones in abnormal, repeatedly operated kidneys, in a single kidney, bilateral stones, as well as when removing staghorn stones.

DLT is successfully used for kidney and ureter stones up to 2.5 cm in size.

However, if for relatively small stones (up to 1.5 cm of the maximum linear size) it is indicated as monotherapy, then for larger stones it must be combined with kidney catheterization, the installation of an internal stent, or, less commonly, percutaneous puncture nephrostomy (PPNS).

Information taken from the site lvrach.ru

Be sure to leave your questions in the comments or the corresponding section of the site - a question-answer!

Violation of metabolic processes in the body entails the formation of kidney stones. Depending on the metabolism of which substances is disturbed, several types of stones are distinguished. Urate calculi are formed in violation of urea metabolism and occupy the 2nd place in the frequency of diagnosis in medical practice.

Urates are a type of stones that form as a result of a violation of the metabolism of uric acid, sodium and potassium, which precipitate. Physical Properties urates:

• color from yellow to brown;
• smooth surface;
• formed in the kidneys, bladder and ureter;
• can form conglomerates, acquiring a coral-like shape;
• create prerequisites for the development of pyelonephritis and renal failure.

The main reason for the formation of urate stones is a violation of the process of formation and excretion of urea, sodium and potassium. Violation of metabolic processes can be a genetic pathology and be inherited.

Also, malnutrition, a lack of B vitamins, low fluid intake or its poor quality lead to the formation of urates. Long-term use of certain drugs can also lead to the precipitation of urea, potassium and sodium in urine.

It negatively affects the human condition and the environment: hot living conditions, difficult and harmful working conditions, a sedentary lifestyle, bad habits and diets disrupt metabolism and lead to the formation of stones in the urinary system.

A serious role in the formation of urates is played by the acidity of urine. In some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, acidification of urine can occur (acidity changes), resulting in sedimentation of urea, potassium and sodium in the organs of the urinary system.

signs

With urate stones, the clinical picture may be completely absent. The first signs most often appear when the stones reach large sizes or when they move through the organs of the urinary system. The first sign of the disease is pain in the lumbar region. The movement of urates is accompanied by renal colic (sharp girdle pain, which may be accompanied by vomiting, chills and fever).

Changes in the physicochemical properties of urine should also alert the patient. In urolithiasis, urine changes color. Reddish color, impurities and streaks of blood indicate the movement of solid formations. The precipitation of a white precipitate may be a sign of the onset of the development of an inflammatory process in the kidneys as a result of stagnation of urine.

The process of urination itself is also disturbed: the number of urges increases, the volume of urine decreases, the process of emptying the bladder is accompanied by pain, cutting and burning in the groin and lower abdomen.

Diagnostics

Urate kidney stones are more common in patients aged 20 to 50 years, among which males predominate. For the diagnosis of stones of urate origin, laboratory and instrumental research methods are used.

During the diagnosis, it is important to do a urine test. The presence of stones will be indicated by sediment, color, density and acidity. Important indicators are protein, erythrocytes and leukocytes. An increase in the level of the latter may be a sign of the onset of the development of inflammatory pathologies of the urinary system.

A blood test will help determine the general condition of the patient. During the diagnosis, special attention is paid to the presence of leukocytes and changes in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. An increase in these indicators indicates the presence of inflammatory diseases of various nature in the patient.

It is possible to determine the nature and location of stones using ultrasound. An ultrasound machine allows you to visualize a urate stone well. Less commonly used magnetic resonance therapy or computed tomography.

If there are indications or insufficient data obtained during the ultrasound, the patient is referred for urography. This is one of the methods for examining the kidneys using x-rays after intravenous administration of a contrast agent.

Treatment

Treatment of urate kidney stones is based on following medical recommendations regarding nutrition, drinking regimen, physical activity and medication. If indicated, the doctor recommends crushing stones by surgery.

Diet

With kidney stones of urate origin, a special diet is prescribed, which contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes. The food you eat should balance the salt balance and change the level of acidity in the urine. This will help dissolve the stones in the urine.

Acidic fruits, vegetables and berries (cabbage, sorrel, spinach, raspberries, cranberries, figs and others) are prohibited. Mushrooms, sweet baked goods, coffee and cocoa-containing products are prohibited during treatment.

You can replace forbidden foods with dairy, nuts and seeds, eggs, cereals, sweet fruits and vegetables.

Drinking regime

It is also important to drink more than two liters of water. A sufficient amount of liquid helps to wash out and dissolve the stones. Mineral water should be alkaline, which helps reduce urine acidity.

It is important to know that alkaline water is used only in the presence of uric acid stones. Alkaline waters are contraindicated for stones of phosphate, cystine, oxalate, xatin origin.

Medical treatment

The urologist prescribes drugs to dissolve kidney stones. This type of calculus is most easily amenable to gentle drug therapy. Effective remedies are Phytolit, Urolesan, Fitolizin and Citrate ointment.

If pain symptoms are present, the doctor prescribes antispasmodics and painkillers (No-Shpa, Voltaren, Diclofenac, Papaverine). Taking this kind of drugs is recommended only for severe pain (renal colic) that occurs during the movement of the stone through the urinary tract. Their action is to relax the muscle muscles of the organs, which leads to a faster discharge of stones.

Allopurinol is used to normalize metabolic processes. With an increased level of calcium, doctors prescribe a course of Hypothiazid. To reduce the concentration of urea, the use of magnesium oxide is recommended.

Surgery

If the dissolution of kidney stones with drugs does not bring positive results required surgical intervention.

It should be noted that uraturia is rarely accompanied by surgery (no more than 5% of cases), since this type of calculus lends itself well to dissolution by conservative methods.

With kidney stones, 5 types of surgery are used:

• shock wave and contact lithotripsy;
• stent placement;
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy;
• open abdominal operations.

Shock wave lithotripsy is one of the methods of surgical intervention for urolithiasis. This method of crushing consists in the remote impact of a shock wave on stones. With the help of an ultrasonic device, their exact location is determined, where the shock wave is directed. This method is used for small stones (no more than 20 mm in diameter).

Shock wave lithotripsy can be used repeatedly, since it is not always possible to crush all solid formations in the kidneys and urinary organs in one session. Surgery is performed after the introduction of general or local anesthesia.

The second method of surgical treatment of urolithiasis is contact lithotripsy. The method is used for stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm. The essence of the method is crushing by exposure to a shock wave in direct contact with the calculus. During ureteroscopy, several types of waves are used: ultrasonic, laser, pneumonic, electro-hydraulic.

During the operation, a camera and equipment for crushing are inserted through the lower urinary organs. The process of the operation is monitored using ultrasound or X-ray equipment. After successful crushing of urates, sand and small particles are removed using special tongs. The operation is performed under general or local anesthesia.

Stenting surgery involves placing a stent (tube) in the ureter, which facilitates the passage of stones from the kidneys. The tube is placed using endoscopic equipment under general anesthesia.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a type of surgical intervention that crushes stones of urate origin through a minor puncture in the skin in the kidney area. This operation is necessary when the size of urate exceeds 20 mm in diameter or has a coral-like shape or spikes, which makes it difficult to crush them in other ways.

Open abdominal operations are indicated when urolithiasis is accompanied by another disease or there are other contraindications.

Surgical intervention is carried out by incision of the epidermis and muscle tissue, after which the stones are removed. This type of operation is used extremely rarely, as it causes many complications.

Traditional medicine recipes

Traditional medicine will not be able to cure urolithiasis, but it will help to significantly improve the passage of stones and reduce pain. All herbal infusions and decoctions have dissolving, diuretic, anti-inflammatory properties.

Most often, doctors recommend drinking compotes with lingonberries, black currants, and cranberries. From the leaves of these plants, you can prepare decoctions that improve the process of formation and excretion of urine, which helps to cleanse the kidneys of stones. You can treat urolithiasis with decoctions of half-burnt, corn stigmas, parsley, horsetail, birch leaves, dill and its seeds.

Preparing decoctions and infusions is simple: for 1 tbsp. water you need about 10 g of grass, pour, bring to a boil, insist. Take as directed by your doctor.

It is also known that watermelon and melon have excellent diuretic properties, which are allowed to be eaten in unlimited quantities during treatment.

Prevention

The main preventive measure is the sufficient consumption of clean water - 2 or more liters per day. To cleanse the body and improve metabolic processes, alkaline mineral water is recommended.

It is important to eat right, avoid frequent consumption of fatty, canned, salty, smoked foods. Minimize carbonated sugary drinks, coffee, cocoa, and foods high in cocoa.

An active lifestyle plays an important role, which helps to cope with congestion in the body and improve metabolism.

Urates are one of the most common types of stones in urolithiasis. Formed as a result of metabolic disorders of urea, potassium and sodium. The formation of stones is accompanied by pain, impaired urination and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The basis of treatment is diet and adequate water intake. Medicines are widely used to dissolve urates. If indicated, an operation to crush the stones is necessary.

There are several types of kidney stones. One of the most common among them are urate. Most often, urate kidney stones are found in men, and in women they are less common, but, as a rule, are bulky coral formations.. Using X-rays, it is impossible to detect urates, therefore, ultrasound is used for diagnosis.

Causes of urates

The main factors in the growth of urate stones include:

You can check the acidity of urine by buying test strips or a hand-held H-meter at the pharmacy. The normal values ​​of this indicator should range from 6.0 to 7.0 units. It should be borne in mind that in the morning the acidity is always increased (6.4), and in the evening it is lower (more than 6.4). Stones such as urates form at an acidity below 5.0, and urine acidity above 5.5 is not favorable for their growth..

At a low rate of urine formation, it becomes very concentrated, which contributes to the rapid precipitation of salts. In order to avoid their accumulation, it is necessary to observe the drinking regimen. Drinking plenty of water can reduce acidity and, accordingly, prevent the formation of urates.

Plentiful drinking is also necessary in the summer heat. So that the liquid is not excreted through the skin with sweat, it is advisable to drink water at a cooler time of the day - in the morning and in the evening. Water should be drunk in portions - one liter is drunk in the morning for an hour, and then another liter in the evening, also for an hour. Water can be replaced with watermelon.

Urates cannot form only because of the increased acidity of the urine, if it does not contain many salts of uric acid. With an increase in the content of such salts (they are called urates), a disease develops - uraturia.

You should know that the presence of uric acid salts in the urine is considered normal, but the process of stone formation begins when the acidity drops to 5.0. Since uric acid salts are formed as a result of protein metabolism in the body, it is impossible to completely clear urine of urates. But eating plant-based and dairy products can make urine more alkaline, and thus reduce the risk of urate stones.

Meat and legumes, on the contrary, are not recommended for people prone to urolithiasis, since such food increases the acidity of urine and can cause the growth of urate calculi. To neutralize the possible acidification of the body, it is advisable to use meat and legumes along with herbs.

There are also factors that contribute to the formation of urates. These include:

1. Poor quality drinking water.
2. Insufficiently mobile lifestyle, and, accordingly, impaired metabolism.
3. Gout or predisposition to this disease.
4. Vitamin B deficiency.
5. Uncontrolled intake of certain drugs (for example, analgesics), which contribute to the growth of urates in the kidneys and other parts of the genitourinary system.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Quite often, urate stones cause the development of genitourinary infectious diseases. In medicine, cases of transition of urolithiasis into a chronic form are not uncommon - urate nephrolithiasis.

The presence of urates in the body can be determined by the following symptoms:

Important! People suffering from genitourinary disease are advised to regularly monitor the color of urine.

In the presence of urates, it becomes concentrated and dark, contains sediment and flakes. If the color of urine changes to dark yellow or brown, it is worth suspecting a pathology of the bladder or kidneys.

Urate nephrolithiasis often results in the accumulation of sand in the lower part of the bladder, which prevents the full flow of urine into the urinary tract. As a result, the patient has problems with urination - when emptying, he is forced to make efforts. Often, the process of urination in such patients is accompanied by painful sensations and a feeling of an incompletely emptied bladder, and in some patients there is a complete blockage of the urethra. This can occur when stones enter the lower urinary tract.

Urates can cause pain in the upper part of the lumbar region, and the pain intensifies during urination. Since shooting pains in the kidneys are observed with urates, most patients confuse the disease with inflammation, which can lead to improper treatment.

You can identify urates using laboratory tests blood and urine, as well as ultrasound examinations. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe an MRI, CT scan, or contrast fluoroscopy for the patient. Routine X-ray examination does not reveal urate stones.

If a suspension consisting of calcium and uric acid fibers is found in the urine, the doctor concludes that urates are present in the patient's body. Their presence is also evidenced by the dark color and turbidity of the urine.

In the study of blood in patients, an increased number of protein blood cells and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate are detected. Ultrasound allows you to determine the location of stones, their size and number. If large calculi are found, the patient is sent for surgery, for the treatment of small stones, medication methods and a diet are used.

Therapy and prevention

Currently, the treatment of urate kidney stones is carried out in two ways:

1. Conservative.
2. operational.

The main feature of urates is that they are better and faster than other types of calculi that can be dissolved. Therefore, in the absence of severe complications, patients are prescribed dissolving tablets, for example:

In some cases, the stones dissolve due to an increase in the amount of fluid consumed. Drinking water every day helps to reduce the acidity of urine, the concentration of salts and the dissolution of stones.

Important! But it must be borne in mind that in this way it is possible to dissolve only those stones that do not have other impurities, that is, they are not, for example, urate-oxalate or urate-phosphate.

Urate and oxalate dissolve well with alkaline drinks, which help to reduce the acidity of the urine. Also good means are considered:

• black currant;
• lingonberry leaves;
• bearberry;
• field horsetail.

From these funds, you can prepare a decoction by pouring a tablespoon of raw materials with a glass of boiling water and boiling over low heat for 10-15 minutes. In most cases, traditional medicine and diet are used to fight stones, since the process of dissolving stones is quite long, and prolonged use of certain pharmacological drugs can not only dissolve stones, but also cause a number of side effects.

Treatment of kidney stones also includes tablets with anti-inflammatory (Voltaren, Diclofenac), painkillers (No-shpa, Papaverine), diuretic (Furosemide). The doctor prescribes such drugs individually for each patient, based on the symptoms and his condition.

Surgery is used to treat staghorn stones. At present, thanks to modern methods of crushing stones, it is possible to get rid of them without resorting to abdominal operations. So, urate stones are crushed quite simply and without problems using ultrasound.

Diet plays a key role in the treatment of kidney stones. Exclusion from the diet of beer, red wine, conservation, meat, liver will quickly achieve the desired effect in the treatment of urates.

• White bread;
• animal protein;
• oats;
• spinach;
• legumes;
• chocolate;
• strong tea;
• salt;
• fried, smoked and spicy dishes.

• nuts and seeds;
• eggplant;
• fruits;
• cheese, milk, cottage cheese;
• eggs;
• buckwheat and oatmeal, millet;
• pasta;
• sea ​​​​buckthorn;
• lemon;
• rose hip.

Diet and drinking plenty of water are effective means not only in the treatment, but in the prevention of urate stones. Having a predisposition to urolithiasis, you can pick up proper diet nutrition, thus protecting yourself from the development of serious complications in such a simple way.

Urate kidney stones are one of the classic manifestations of urolithiasis. In terms of frequency of diagnosis, they are second only to oxalate-type stones. Urates are dense deposits found in different parts of the urinary system. They can be localized both intrarenally and in the cavity of the bladder.

Stones are a characteristic complication that gives urate nephrolithiasis.

Urates are found in almost every sixth patient who seeks help, aged 18 to 70 years.

Children and the elderly are more likely to form stones within the bladder, patients from 18 to 40 years old suffer from urates in the ureter and kidneys. What are the causes of this pathology?

Statistics say that the number of people with urates is steadily increasing. A number of environmental factors can influence the formation of stones, such as the quality of the water a patient drinks daily. Their basis is salts of uric acid. It is impossible to unequivocally identify the causes of the disease, but it can be determined that patients with:

• sedentary lifestyle;
• Metabolic disorders, excess phosphorus and calcium in the urine;
• Improper nutrition system, including a lot of sweet, fatty, sour and salty foods;
• Excessive consumption of protein foods;
• Deficiency of B vitamins;
• Poor working conditions;
• Uncontrolled intake of various drugs, for example, analgesics;
• Predisposition to gout.

Urate stones are more often diagnosed in women, and they are also prone to the formation of so-called coral formations. Which can take up to 90% of the entire kidney. By appearance urates are usually round, with a smooth surface, their structure is somewhat looser than that of oxalates. The color is yellow-brown, may be darker or lighter, depending on the location of the stones and the quantitative content of phosphorus in the urine.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In most cases, urate kidney stones are the result of chronic genital infections. Therefore, the treatment is prescribed complex, aimed at the very cause of the increase in the concentration of uric acid. In many patients, urate nephrolithiasis is a characteristic consequence of advanced urolithiasis.

The symptoms are similar to those of ordinary stones. It all starts with pain that appears at the place of dislocation of the formation. Without the necessary treatment, it will soon intensify as the urate grows. Then hydronephrosis and renal colic develop.

When patients refuse fatty meat products and alcohol, the level of uric acid in a biochemical blood test decreases significantly, thereby reducing the risk of developing urates.

Stones can be detected by ultrasound diagnostics of the kidneys, if there is a suspicion of their localization in this organ or ureters. When the bladder is damaged, the patient is prescribed general analyzes by urine and blood, survey urography, computed or magnetic resonance imaging, retrograde pyelography. However, it is rather difficult to determine urate stones on x-ray images; the deposition of uric acid salts reveals only a faint shadow.

Treatment

After establishing the diagnosis, a person must certainly adjust his diet. Diet with urates - as with urolithiasis. As soon as their chemical composition is established (according to the results of the ratio of trace elements in the urine), the diet will be changed again, but in accordance with the results of the study. The positive difference between urates and oxalates is that the former can be dissolved with the help of medicines and removed with an infusion of diuretic herbs. The treatment for urate kidney stones is to change your diet and not eat too many foods that increase uric acid production. It is also necessary to comply with the drinking regime and the use of fees that spur the process of removing fluid.

Women are more prone to the formation of urate stones in the post-menopausal period.

Availability coral stones requires surgical intervention. Such patients are under the constant supervision of a urologist and regularly take tests to determine the level of uric acid.

Nutrition and diet

In the case of a change in diet and dietary nutrition with an increase in the level of phosphorus and calcium in the urine, the nutrition system is not a situational therapy, but a way of life for the patient. Urate stones are easy to dissolve in water, but easy to get back from uric acid salts. There are three categories of food: completely prohibited, conditionally acceptable and regular meals. Food is selected based on the amount of animal protein it contains. The higher this indicator, the greater the danger the product poses to the health of a person who has a urinary stone.

You can remove salts in the urine if you eat:

• Fresh vegetables, berries and fruits;
• dairy products;
• Wholemeal bread;
• pasta;
• Wash down: weak tea with lemon, compotes, freshly squeezed juices.

It is necessary to limit consumption:

• legumes;
• Bread and rolls made from wheat flour;
• Sorrel, onion, spinach;
• Chocolate
• Fatty varieties of fish;
• spices;
• Spicy foods and salt;
• Avoid strong tea.

Avoid completely:

• alcohol;
• Fatty meats;
• Offal of animal origin;
• fish broths;
• Fat;
• Canned, soaked, pickled products;
• Mushrooms.

Only full compliance with all the prescriptions of the urologist will allow the patient to get rid of pain caused by accumulations of uric acid salts and eliminate the causes of their appearance. With a predisposition to the formation of stones, it is possible and necessary to change the usual diet already at the stage of diagnosis, in order to prevent and prevent microelement imbalance in the urine.

In contact with

Classmates

Leave a comment 5,973

One type of urolithiasis is urate kidney stones. This anomaly is the 2nd most common in humans. As a rule, it is fixed in the period from 20 to 55 years. Urate stones in older people are found in the bladder, and in young people - in the kidney organs and ureters. The formation of calculi not detected in time is dangerous with severe complications.

Pathologies with impaired metabolic processes, due to which urate stones and other insoluble compounds are formed in the renal organs, are called urolithiasis. The formation of urates is characteristic of the strong half of humanity. Urate stones are colored yellow-brown, with a relatively smooth structure. The kidney, ureter, and ureter are the organs in which uric acid stones form. A dangerous deterioration is the transformation of urate stones into coral-like ones, this is fraught with diseases such as pyelonephritis and chronic renal failure.

Causes of urate kidney stones

According to experts, the emergence of a pathological process in the form of the formation of urate stones in the body is facilitated by various reasons that act in combination or separately, they include:

• genetic predisposition. Urolithiasis is inherited, as an example, high levels of calcium in the body (calcium is the building material for stones in most cases).
• An increase in salt concentration due to a failure of metabolic processes. This will lead to disturbances in the natural balance of trace elements, a salt precipitate will appear, from which stones will begin to form.
• Monotonous nutrition can serve as a factor in the development of stone formations.
• Place of residence of a person. There are geographic locations where cases of urolithiasis are more often recorded. To avoid this, the body's water balance should be maintained.
• A certain composition of the water consumed can influence the progression of the disease.
• Insufficient amount of B vitamins.
• Favorable conditions for the development of the disease - hard work; passive lifestyle; bad habits, starvation.
• The use of a large amount of analgesic drugs.
• Sour urine reaction. Acid indicators can be detected using specialized rapid tests. Indicators are normally considered from 6.0 to 7.0.
• Excessive content of uric acid salts in urine. Salts are the end product of protein metabolism in the body, always present in urine. To change to an alkaline reaction, you should eat a lot of vegetables, fruits and dairy products.

Back to index

Symptoms

The main danger in the occurrence of stones is that long time symptoms do not appear. In the later stages, the main symptom of the presence of urate stones in the body is renal colic and its characteristic manifestations:

• sharp pain in the lumbar region;
• pain sensations spread to all organs of the genitourinary system (from the bladder to the adrenal gland);
• pain attack cannot be stopped;
• the presence of trembling in the body;
• nausea and urge to vomit;
• excessive gas formation;
• pain when urinating;
• gout;
• visual deviations from the parameters in urine (turbidity, sandy sediment, blood inclusions).

An increase in body temperature is an alarming symptom that indicates an emerging inflammatory process in the renal organs. The development of renal colic occurs during the interference of the calculus in the normal outflow of urine. At the first sensual or visual changes in the body, you should consult a specialist, the pathology detected in time is corrected much faster than the neglected state.

Diagnostics

Men are more prone to the formation of urate stones in the body. This is attributed to the fact that the male sex has a more pronounced preference for meat and dishes from it. The resulting excess uric acid provokes the formation of urate stones and gout. However, women more often endure a severe form of urolithiasis, namely formations in the form of large staghorn stones. During the diagnosis and selection of effective therapy, one should take into account the existence of chronic diseases, namely coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, gout and hypertension. To make an accurate diagnosis, an examination is prescribed, consisting of:

• general blood test;
• deep laboratory studies of urine;
• urography (survey and excretory);
• ultrasound examination of the organs of the urinary system;
• spiral computed tomography (CT);
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
• contrast fluoroscopy (plain x-ray is not effective).

Back to index

Treatment of pathology

General principles of conservative treatment

Specificity of a simple degree of pathology in light dissolutions of urate formations. Conservative methods contribute to the development of a favorable outcome. Urate stones dissolve under the influence of the consumption of a large volume of liquid, which triggers a change in the pH of the urine - the acidic state is converted to alkaline. In this therapy, nutrition plays an important role, namely, a large consumption of vegetable and dairy products is introduced into the human diet and the intake of alkaline mineral waters. If such measures are not able to dissolve urinary salts, then treatment with medications or surgery is prescribed.

Therapy with drugs

Treatment of urate kidney stones, with the help of drugs, is aimed at:

• removal of pain attacks;
• adjustment of protein metabolism;
• increase in the rate of formation and volume of urine;
• removal of inflammatory processes (if any).

To achieve these goals resort to antispasmodic drugs to relieve muscle tension in the urinary tract; uricostatic drugs are treated in violation of purine metabolism; to increase the volume of urine, diuretics are used and antibiotic therapy is prescribed for concomitant inflammatory processes.

Diet for stones

Adherence to the rules of a special diet is the main measure in the treatment of urate formation, regardless of what treatment is prescribed by the doctor. The diet promotes the dissolution of urate formations. Food should be taken in fractional portions in the amount of 4-6 meals per day. Be sure to include the following foods in your diet:

• dairy and sour-milk products;
• curd ingredients;
• hard cheeses;
• pasta;
• nuts;
• various fruits;
• seeds;
• cereals of wheat and buckwheat;
• foods high in vitamin C;
• watermelon fruits.

Food should be taken fractionally in the amount of 4-6 doses per day.

• legumes;
• bakery products (especially from higher wheat varieties);
• spinach;
• oxal greens;
• Luke;
• oatmeal;
• fish and seafood;
• spices;
• chocolate products;
• hot drinks (cocoa, tea, coffee);
• table salt.

Completely excluded foods:

• fatty meats and their by-products;
• rich broths from fish or meat;
• alcoholic drinks (beer, red wine).

Back to index

Surgery

Surgical intervention in the formation of urate stones is carried out in rare cases due to the fact that the urate component of the stones dissolves quickly, unlike stones of other compositions. The selection of the operation is strictly individual, depending on the age characteristics, general indicators of the condition, the degree and stage of the disease in a person. They are mainly limited to the targeted elimination of the calculus without a deep impact on the organs. To date, the treatment of urate formations in the renal organs occurs mainly in inpatient departments through the introduction of new technologies for crushing calculi with ultrasound.

Dissolution with the help of folk remedies

Such funds are unlikely to be able to dissolve stones. Alternative treatment in the form of the use of herbs and various components of plant origin is often prescribed as a preventive measure. In complex treatment, common lingonberries, corn stigmas, common yarrow, knotweed grass, wild strawberries, horsetail, rose hips, bearberry leaves, parsley and white birch leaves are used. Therapy with the help of folk remedies is effective. In the dissolution of uric acid salts, special herbal preparations help, which include birch leaves, dill seeds, parsley fruits, horsetail, lingonberry and strawberry components.

Herbal infusions with a diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect are actively used in the treatment of stone formation. For such purposes, lingonberry leaves, horsetail, bearberry and half-fallen are suitable. Lingonberries are actively involved in the dissolution of urate stones and the removal of stone formation from the body. Also, the use of watermelon is very popular for urolithiasis due to its diuretic qualities and rich vitamin composition. The use of watermelon berries is allowed in unlimited quantities with small slices of black bread. Watermelon and bread should be consumed in the evening while taking a hot bath. This method helps to remove small stones and sand sediment. Most men swap watermelon for warm beer, which also has a diuretic effect, but does not have any beneficial properties.

Prevention

Preventive measures are of great importance. To prevent the re-formation of urate stones, a drinking regimen is prescribed to maintain the body's water balance in the norm. So, adults are recommended to drink from 1.5 liters of purified water in 24 hours. But for the accelerated removal of toxins, 2.5 liters of clean liquid should be consumed. Contraindications to abundant fluid intake are acute or chronic degrees of kidney failure, a person's tendency to edema, and problems in the cardiovascular system. A diet for urate stones is also recommended, namely: reducing the consumption of fatty, spicy, fried and salty foods and dishes with them. The intake of alkaline liquids (mineral water) is preferable, and the use of carbonated drinks with phosphoric acid is excluded.

Today, doctors diagnose urolithiasis in almost every second person. In their opinion, such sad statistics in most cases are explained by the deteriorating environmental situation, and in particular by the fact that we drink water of very poor quality. So, one of the factors that stimulate the occurrence of diseases of this kind are heavy metals present in the composition of drinking water, food and the air we breathe.

Urate kidney stones and their causes

The formation of uric acid stones in the kidneys is quite often a provoking factor in the development of various complications in other organs and systems of the human body. As a rule, uraturia occurs due to excessive accumulation of uric acid in the urinary organs, which, when decomposed, forms sand and small stones.

The production of uric acid is based on purine compounds, the source of which enters the body are certain foods. It is worth noting that purines play an important role in the structure of DNA and proteins, however, a violation of their metabolism often produces diseases such as urate kidney stones.

The main reasons for the formation of urate stones:

• violation of metabolic processes;
• low physical activity during the day;
• diseases of the digestive and genitourinary systems;
• abuse of spicy and sour foods;
• predisposition to this disease at the genetic level;
• disturbed water balance of the body. Excessive fluid loss can be caused by high temperature, vomiting, strong physical exertion;
• poor blood flow to the kidney.

Fasting or excessive consumption of foods that supply purine substances to the body can also provoke the appearance of urate kidney stones, in particular:

1. Protein-containing foods: meat (especially fried), organ meats and broths, legumes, mushrooms.
2. Fish, including canned.
3. Tomatoes.
4. Alcoholic drinks.
5. Chocolate.

It is important to know that the likelihood of urate kidney stones is the same for both the male body and the female one. However, this problem can be encountered at any age.

Diet for urate kidney stones

The main task of the diet for this disease is to establish purine metabolism in the body by:

• exclusion of the consumption of products that violate the acid balance and contribute to the appearance of urates;
• alkalinization of urine, which will help remove stones from the kidneys;
• normalization of water balance in the body. It is recommended to drink about 2-3 liters of liquid during the day.

This task is perfectly handled by diet No. 6 from the official list of diets, which helps to reduce the burden on the urinary tract, normalize metabolic processes and prevent new formation of kidney stones.

Features of the diet in the fight against urates:

1. The rate of consumed calories increases - up to 2800 Kcal per day.
2. The basis of the diet is carbohydrates - about 400 grams per day. The amount of protein consumed is limited to 70-80 grams, fat - up to 90 grams per day.
3. You can not eat too cold food.
4. You need to eat often - five meals a day.
5. It is recommended from time to time to arrange fasting days for the body (for example, consume only one dairy food or only fruits during the day).

List of prohibited foods for urate kidney stones

Patients are prohibited from:

• meat (veal, lamb, pork and duck) and meat broths;
• meat by-products;
• fish and broths cooked on its basis;
• smoked meats and canned food, including vegetable pickles;
• any mushrooms, and broths prepared on their basis;
• legumes;
• vegetables and greens: lettuce, parsley, sorrel, spinach, celery stalks, tomatoes, radishes, asparagus and green beans, Brussels sprouts;
• fruits and berries with a high acid content, in particular: kiwi, pineapple, currants, cranberries;
• dried fruits;
• sweets: chocolate, sweets of any kind;
• drinks: strong tea, coffee, cocoa, alcohol;
• yeast and puff pastries and rye flour bread;
• soy sauce, mustard, horseradish.

During the diet, you should abandon fried, spicy and spicy foods. It is also recommended to limit salt intake.

Very often, patients are horrified by such a large list of restrictions, but do not worry, because there are also a huge number of permitted products.

According to the conditions of diet No. 6, with the deposition of urate stones in the kidneys, preference in nutrition should be given to dairy and vegetable products that have an alkalizing effect.

Products allowed for urate kidney stones

List of allowed products:

• sour-milk products: milk, cottage cheese (up to 500g), kefir, sour cream and butter in moderation;
• cereals and pasta;
• lean boiled meat (chicken and rabbit), but not more than once every two days;
• eggs - 1 pc. in a day;
• white and gray bread at least yesterday's preparation;
• dairy and vegetable soups without frying, you can add any cereals;
• boiled fish once a month;
• any nuts or seeds;
• any vegetables (with the exception of prohibited ones). Potatoes can be consumed, but in limited quantities;
• fruits and berries with low acid levels. It is recommended to give preference to apples, pears, grapes, watermelons, as they are the best in helping to alkalize the urine;
• citrus fruits can be included in the diet in the absence of oxalates in the urine, and if they are present, only oranges are allowed, but in limited quantities;
• sweets: honey, jam, marshmallow, marmalade.

Drinking with the deposition of urate stones:

1. Water:
   • therapeutic mineral water (“Borjomi”, “Essentuki No17”, “Polyana-Kvasova”, etc.). Alkaline mineral waters are excellent for dissolving stones. The norm per day is no more than half a liter. Water should be drunk in a warm form half an hour before a meal;
   • medicinal table water - up to 1-1.5 liters per day;
   • table water - can be consumed in unlimited quantities.

Important! In case of urolithiasis, the consumption of mineral water is carried out only under the supervision and prescription of the attending physician.

The drinking regimen of patients in whom the formation of urate stones occurs in combination with the development of other diseases (for example, arterial hypertension, renal failure, etc.) can only be established by the attending physician.

A few tips for cooking dietary meat dishes

As mentioned above, urate stones are formed with an excess of uric acid, the production of which is promoted by purine substances. Sources of a large number of these substances are: meat products and offal, fish and mushrooms.

It is worth noting that it is the cooking of these products that allows you to get rid of most of the purines contained in them, which, accordingly, remain in the broth. That is why it is strictly forbidden with urate kidney stones eat meat, fish and mushroom broths, and you can treat yourself to a delicious boiled piece of meat.

Tip #1 . Before you start cooking the meat, it should be soaked in saline for at least three hours.

Tip #2 . Soaked meat should be placed immediately in boiling water.

Tip #3 . When preparing first courses, meat should be cooked exclusively in a separate container and added to the plate already fully cooked.

Menu options for urate kidney stones

Menu option number 1

Breakfast- a soft-boiled egg, buckwheat porridge, a slice of slightly dried gray bread, a rosehip broth.

Lunch- two sweet apples.

Dinner- soup based on vegetables and pearl barley, pumpkin-curd casserole, compote.

afternoon tea- cabbage and carrot salad.

Dinner – bell peppers stuffed with a mixture of rice and vegetables, a glass of yogurt.

Menu option number 2

Breakfast- oatmeal with a handful of nuts, a glass of fruit jelly.

Dinner- vegetarian borsch with sour cream and breadcrumbs, cottage cheese with sweet berries and honey, green tea.

afternoon tea- Sweet fruit salad dressed with yogurt.

Dinner- vegetable stew, a glass of compote, an apple.

Menu option number 3

Breakfast – boiled egg, potato-zucchini pancakes, herbal tea.

Lunch- salad with cucumber, sweet pepper and green onion feathers.

Dinner- milk soup with pasta, cheesecakes on semolina, a glass of compote.

afternoon tea- bunch of grapes.

Dinner- boiled lean meat, vinaigrette salad, fruit tea.

Menu option number 4

Breakfast- milk rice porridge, croutons with jam, ginger tea.

Lunch- a pair of plums and a pear.

Dinner- vegetarian soup with vegetables, seasoned with sour cream, a glass of milk jelly and marmalade.

afternoon tea- fruit salad.

Dinner- boiled potatoes, cabbage and carrot salad, a slice of white bread, a glass of fermented baked milk.

Menu option number 5

Breakfast- an omelette from one egg, a salad of baked beets and walnuts, tea with milk.

Lunch- banana and pear.

Dinner- boiled chicken breast, rice and vegetable soup, pumpkin pancakes, a glass of compote.

afternoon tea- baked apple with honey.

Dinner- casserole of pasta, apples and cottage cheese, a glass of milk.

Konev Alexander, therapist

The description is up to date 10.12.2017

• Efficiency: therapeutic effect after 2 weeks
• Deadlines: constantly
• Products cost: 1300-1400 rub. in Week

General rules

Urolithiasis disease ( urolithiasis ) is a metabolic disease and is manifested by the formation of stones in any organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters or bladder. The likelihood of KSD in humans is increased by hormonal imbalance, hereditary metabolic disorders, nutrition of the patient, as well as existing anatomical abnormalities.

The development of stones is the result of the process of formation of the nucleus and the accumulation around it of constantly formed crystals. The formation of the nucleus occurs during the sedimentation of crystals of various salts from urine supersaturated with them. The role of certain nanobacteria in this process has been proven. These atypical Gram-negative bacteria produce calcium carbonate on the surface of cells in the urinary system. Substances that keep salts in solution and prevent their precipitation include: sodium chloride , magnesium, zinc, manganese ions, hippuric acid , citrates, cobalt. Even in small quantities, these substances inhibit crystallization.

The clinic of the disease is quite diverse. In some patients, it manifests itself as a single attack of renal colic, while in others it becomes protracted, an infection joins and various kidney diseases occur: hydronephrosis , pyelonephritis , pyonephrosis , sclerosis of the renal parenchyma and development kidney failure . The main symptoms of the disease are pain, the appearance of blood in the urine, urination disorders and the passage of stones and salt crystals.

Nutrition for nephrolithiasis will depend on the composition of the stones, and therefore may include mutually exclusive foods. Calcium is the basis of most urinary stones. The highest prevalence of calcium stones (including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate), urate, consisting of salts of uric acid and magnesium containing, is noted. The oversaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate plays a major role in the formation of calcium oxalate.

Initial treatment for any type of KSD is aimed at increasing fluid intake, improving diuresis, changing diet, and controlling the acid-base balance of the urine. Kidney stone disease is a serious problem in urology, because despite the introduction of new, high-tech methods of therapy, there is a high frequency of recurrence of stone formation.

A rational diet restores normal metabolism and urine reaction, on which the possibility of the formation of calculi depends. In an acidic environment, urate stones are formed, oxalate - in a neutral acidic, and phosphate - in an alkaline. The right diet changes pH urine and serves as a criterion for the correctness of the diet. If the level pH in the morning 6.0-6.4, and in the evening 6.4-7.0, then the body is fine, since the optimal level is 6.4-6.5.

Treatment also depends on the composition of the stones and the acid-base state of the urine. "Sand in the kidneys" is expelled by abundant fluid intake and medicinal mineral waters, watermelon days and dietary recommendations. Decoctions of herbs (horsetail, lingonberry leaf, madder dye, goldenrod) and herbal preparations are widely used.

Yes, drug cystone promotes the removal of small oxalate, phosphate and urate stones. It is important that the litholytic effect of the drug does not depend on pH urine. It regulates the crystal-colloidal balance, reduces the concentration of oxalic acid and calcium in the urine. At the same time, it increases the level of elements that suppress stone formation (magnesium, sodium, potassium). As a result, it causes demineralization of stones.

An effective method for urate stones is descending litholysis (intake of drugs). For their dissolution it is necessary to create pH urine 6.2-6.8. This can be achieved by taking citrate mixtures: Blemarin And Uralit U . Treatment with citrate mixtures leads to complete dissolution within 2-3 months. Stones that are no more than one year old are better amenable to dissolution. Methods of contact dissolution of urate stones with the drug Trometamol . It is inserted through an established nephrostomy tube.

The dissolution of stones of a different composition is problematic and often ineffective, therefore, various methods of their prompt removal are resorted to. Open operations are now quite rare, since minimally invasive methods have appeared.

Applies extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , indications for it are almost all types of calculi in patients of any age. Thanks to the use of remote lithotripsy, it became possible to remove stones on an outpatient basis. The stone comes out in the form of destroyed fragments on its own, which can be complicated by blockage of the ureter and renal colic. Methods of "medium trauma" include transurethral endoscopic stone extraction .

It must be remembered that even surgical treatment is not a method of completely getting rid of the KSD and after crushing kidney stones, it is mandatory to prevent the recurrence of the disease. The complex of measures that correct metabolic disorders includes: antibacterial therapy, diet therapy, physiotherapy and spa treatment.

After removing stones from the kidneys, it is imperative to observe an adequate water regime (part of the liquid is taken in the form of cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks and mineral water). Phytotherapy is of great importance. Herbal preparations are non-toxic and have a complex effect: antimicrobial, diuretic, litholytic, eliminate spasm and inflammation. These include the extract of madder dye, Cystenal , Kanefron , spilled , Phytolysin , Nephrolite .

Daily monitoring essential pH urine. At oxaluria prevention is aimed at alkalizing it, as well as eliminating oxalic acid from the diet. Uraturia also requires alkalinization of urine and restriction of protein foods rich in purine bases. With phosphaturia, acidification of the urine and restriction of calcium-containing foods are important.

For the sick oxalate urolithiasis treatment is recommended at the resorts: Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki (No. 4, 17), Truskavets. With calcium phosphate - Pyatigorsk, Truskavets, Kislovodsk. With a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose, medicinal water can be drunk up to 0.5 liters per day, controlling urine parameters. The same recommendations apply to patients who have undergone removal of a stone from the ureter. Nutrition details will be discussed below.

diet for kidney stones

The nutrition of the patient does not depend on the location of the stones, but is completely determined by their composition and the reaction of the urine. The position of the stone determines only the clinic of the disease. With kidney stones (it is located in the pelvis), most often the outflow of urine is not disturbed and there may be no pain symptom. When a stone is in the ureter and while passing through it, a blockage of the lumen occurs and the outflow of urine is disturbed. This is accompanied by an attack of renal colic. There is a sharp, paroxysmal pain in the lumbar region. It can radiate to the testicle or labia, accompanied by vomiting and nausea. If the calculus is in the lower third of the ureter, there is a frequent urge to urinate.

Bladder stones are more common in older men. These are single round-shaped stones, and in composition they are urate. Their formation is facilitated by stagnation of urine in prostate adenoma. In other age groups, the causes are dietary habits, inflammation of the bladder, alcohol consumption, bladder diverticula, or the descent of a kidney stone. An effective and least traumatic method of treatment is endoscopic crushing ( cystolitholapaxia ) through the urethra.

Which diet will be prescribed in this case depends entirely on the composition of the stones. In a nutshell, with uric acid, you need to limit meat and eggs, soups with meat broths and sweet wines. With phosphates, the consumption of milk, eggs and all types of cabbage decreases, with oxalate - you can not eat radishes, onions, sorrel, spinach, legumes and tomatoes. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Diet for urate kidney stones (uraturia)

An indicator of the exchange of purines in the body is the concentration of uric acid in the blood. Purines are synthesized in the body and also come from food. The consequence of violations of this exchange is an increase in the level uric acid . Salts of uric acid found in urine are called urates.

The main reasons for its occurrence are:

• abuse of food rich in purines;
• abundance in the diet of high-calorie foods and fatty foods;
• malignant neoplasms;
• starvation;
• tissue destruction.

If there is an increased synthesis of uric acid, its level in the blood rises, and in parallel, crystals of its salts appear in the urine. Developing urate nephrolithiasis in young children, symptoms hyperuricemia manifested by pain in the muscles, arthralgia , tics, nocturnal enuresis, increased sweating , intoxication and asthenic syndrome.

At uraturia the nutrition of the patient should be aimed at reducing the level of uric acid. The diet is characterized by the restriction of foods containing purines (meat, offal), oxalic acid (sorrel, radish, spinach, raspberries, cauliflower, asparagus, cranberries) salt. At the same time, the proportion of alkalizing foods (vegetables, milk, fruits) and the amount of liquid are increased in the diet.

With urates in the urine, it is necessary to exclude:

• Canned fish.
• Meat and poultry of young animals, offal, due to the high content of purines. It is limited to eat the meat of older animals - these dishes are included in the diet no more than 2 times a week. Servings of meat up to 150 g, and fish - 170 g.
• Meat broths, smoked meat dishes.
• Seedlings of cereals.
• Cheese, strong tea, chocolate, alcohol.
• Eggs, mushrooms, tomatoes, beans.
• Limit flour and various confectionery products.

The basis of the diet is milk, dairy products and vegetables, berries, fruits (seaweed, pumpkin, cabbage, grapes, apples, all citrus fruits, figs, bananas, raisins, currants, gooseberries, lingonberries, strawberries, cherries). Patients should periodically take courses in the use of diuretic herbs: clover, cornflower, burdock and dandelion roots, infusions of dried apricots, blueberries, stone fruits, apples, mountain ash, barberry, carrots, pumpkins, parsley root, beets. Contribute to the removal of stones, decoctions of grape leaves and black currant. In season, you need to use these berries as much as possible.

Culinary processing of meat and fish products has its own peculiarities - they must be boiled, and only then used to prepare various dishes. When cooking, 50% of the purines go away and should never be consumed. Meat, poultry or fish, devoid of part of the purines, can be stewed, baked, ground for minced meat or fried.

Grains are an essential part of the diet

The duration of such nutrition is from several months to permanent. The patient should drink 2.5 liters of liquid per day (alkaline mineral water Essentuki, Borjomi, natural juices) and spend fasting days once a week - kefir, curd, fruit, milk.

The main method of treatment and prevention of this type of stones is alkalinization of urine, since urates are poorly soluble in an acidic environment and easily turn into a solid form. enough to support pH at the level of 6-6.5. Citrate preparations are effective, which prevent crystallization and create conditions for the dissolution of already formed stones.

Phosphate in urine

Phosphates are phosphorus salts and are normally absent in the urine. Their presence may indicate the peculiarities of nutrition or pathology of the kidneys with a violation of their function. Urinary infection is one of the causes of stone formation. It is she who is an important local factor in maintaining the recurrent course of KSD. So, the metabolic products of microorganisms contribute to the alkalinization of urine and the formation of calcium phosphate crystals.

An increase in the level of phosphates is caused by the consumption of milk, kefir, cottage cheese, fish, seafood, fish roe, oatmeal, pearl barley and buckwheat porridge. The reason for the precipitation of these salts is the alkaline reaction of urine and the high content of calcium in it. The appearance of calcium phosphate stones is detected when hyperparathyroidism .

With phosphaturia, foods containing calcium and phosphorus are sharply limited. It is recommended to drink liquid up to 2-2.5 liters. In the presence of hypercalciuria appoint diphosphonates . You can increase the acidity of urine by drinking acidic juices and mineral waters Narzan, Darasun, Arzni, Smirnovskaya.

At pregnancy there is a secondary phosphaturia associated with a change in diet and alkalization of urine. If the urine becomes even slightly alkaline ( pH> 6.0), phosphate precipitates. This is facilitated by a diet rich in green vegetables and dairy products. It is necessary to repeat urine tests in dynamics, and only with re-identified changes, ultrasound and a more detailed examination of the kidneys are prescribed. Usually phosphaturia in pregnant women is corrected by diet.

Normal fluid intake (2 liters per day) is necessary, unless this is contraindicated due to the presence of edema and high blood pressure. From the diet are temporarily excluded:

• foods rich in calcium: dairy products, eggs, cocoa;
• salty and spicy foods (limiting salt to 8 g per day);
• garden greens (lettuce, green onion, dill, parsley, celery leaves and cilantro);
• potato;
• nuts, cocoa;
• sweet confectionery (biscuits, pastries, cakes);
• fruit juices;
• yeast.

Contribute to acidification of urine:

• meat and fish dishes;
• sour fruit drinks (from cranberries, currants, lingonberries);
• dried fruit compotes;
• Birch juice;
• cereal products;
• bran bread;
• the use of pumpkin, asparagus, Brussels sprouts.

Phosphaturia is quite common in children. Up to 5 years, these salts are present in the urine in the form of amorphous crystals, which give it a cloudy hue. Their appearance is associated with a large consumption of dairy products at this age. Often, crystalluria is transient and appears against the background of SARS and other diseases, disappears after the child recovers.

For more serious violations ( dysmetabolic nephropathies ) there is damage to the tubules of the kidneys due to metabolic disorders. Dysmetabolic nephropathies are characterized by supersaturation of urine and crystalluria.

True phosphaturia occurs in diseases that are accompanied by a violation of phosphorus and calcium metabolism in hypercalciuria . Crystals in this case are represented by calcium phosphate. Chronic infection of the urinary system is the cause of secondary phosphaturia. In this case, microorganisms with urease activity are of importance. They, decomposing urea, alkalinize urine, which leads to the formation of crystals of amorphous phosphates (magnesium phosphate salts).

With amorphous phosphates in the urine (they do not have a clear structure), we can recommend taking decoctions of lingonberry leaves, bearberry, knotweed, horsetail. It must be remembered that in an alkaline environment, the solubility of phosphates decreases. In this state, assigned Diet number 14 , changing acid-base balance in the direction of acidity.

Oxalates in urine

Calcium oxalate salts are leading place by occurrence. This kind of stones appears with a diet rich in oxalic acid salts. However, there may be a congenital disorder of oxalic acid metabolism ( dysmetabolic nephropathy ). Another reason for the formation of these stones in the urine is an increase in intestinal permeability to oxalo-acetic acid (it is absorbed from the intestines and enters the urine) and calcium deficiency, which normally binds oxalates in the intestines. The increased formation of oxalates is also explained by the use of a large amount ascorbic acid - it is metabolized to oxalic acid. The process of formation of poorly soluble calcium oxalate in the body occurs most actively with a lack of magnesium and vitamin B6 .

Taking into account all these points, adjustments are made to the diet:

• Foods high in oxalic acid are excluded: rhubarb, figs, sorrel, spinach, beans, chocolate, parsley, celery. A moderate content of this acid is found in tea, chicory, carrots, green beans, onions, beets, tomatoes, plums, strawberries, gooseberries.
• The use is limited vitamin C with products: grapefruit, strawberries, lemons, sea buckthorn, gooseberries, currants, oranges, tangerines, rose hips, cranberries, mountain ash, wild strawberries, wild garlic, bell peppers.
• A large amount of vegetable fiber is introduced.
• A plentiful drinking regimen is observed, which prevents the precipitation of calcium oxalates (3 liters per day). Water is alternated with the use of juices (cucumber and other fruit and vegetable), compotes, fruit and vegetable broths. Weak solutions of organic acids (malic, citric, benzoic and others) contained in them can dissolve oxalates.
• Alkalization of urine is carried out by using mineral waters: Naftusya, Essentuki No. 4 and No. 20, Truskavetska, Luzhanska, Morshinska, Berezovskaya.
• Oxalates are removed from the peel of apples, pears and quince, birch leaves, elder flowers, violet roots.

Diet for urolithiasis in women

In women, severe forms are more common, for example, staghorn nephrolithiasis . With coral calculi, a foreign body occupies almost the entire cavitary system of the kidney. With this severe form of KSD, only open surgery is performed. A common cause of it is hyperparathyroidism (increased function of the parathyroid glands). Thanks to modern diagnostics, such neglected forms have recently become less common.

The growth of urolithiasis is provoked by: the nature of nutrition (an abundance of protein in the diet), physical inactivity, which leads to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. An unbalanced diet aggravates the situation. For example, a bias towards protein foods with frequent adherence to a protein diet provokes the formation of urate stones. With sand in the kidneys, attention should be paid to nutrition and the reaction of urine, since this condition is reversible and can be corrected by nutrition and abundant fluid intake. You can periodically take diuretic fees. For urolithiasis in women, the general dietary recommendations described above should be followed, as they do not differ.

For women it is also important:

• fight physical inactivity and lead an active lifestyle;
• prevent weight gain;
• drink enough liquid;
• do not overcool and treat inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area in time.

All these factors contribute to stone formation.

With pyelonephritis and urolithiasis

In this case, a more rigorous approach to treatment and therapeutic nutrition is needed. Pyelonephritis is often a complication of KSD. Antibacterial therapy is mandatory based on the results of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs. In parallel, herbal preparations are prescribed ( Phytolysin , Kanefron , spilled ). It must be remembered that only the removal of the stone creates the conditions for the complete elimination of the infection.

Patients are shown Table number 7 , in which a correction is carried out taking into account the composition of stones. In the presence of inflammation, diet therapy is aimed at sparing the kidneys, so it is forbidden to use: seasonings, pickles, spicy foods, smoked meats, marinades, horseradish, mustard, vinegar, fish roe, onions, garlic, alcoholic beverages.

Nutritional features are a significant restriction of salt (1.5 g-5 g), depending on the state of kidney function. It is not allowed to take sodium (salt) medicinal waters.

Approved Products

• Any vegetables, except for legumes and with a high content of oxalic acid. Eggplants, sweet peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers. Vegetables should be eaten raw before meals whenever possible.
• Enrich the diet with foods rich in vitamin A (broccoli, sour cream, seaweed and other algae) and group B (nuts, corn, rose hips, oatmeal, barley groats, white cabbage, pomegranate, bell pepper, oranges, grapefruits).
• Fruits with a high content of vitamin C: sea buckthorn, rose hips, lemon, currants, kiwi, citrus fruits, strawberries, wild strawberries, grape juice.
• Any cereal.
• Milk, cheese, cottage cheese, eggs butter.
• Any bread - rye, bran and wheat. It is better to use yeast-free pastries.
• Lean meat and fish dishes can be eaten no more than 3 times a week. When choosing meat, keep in mind that chicken legs have a higher content of purines than breasts, just like pork legs. There are 4.5 times less purines in turkey meat than in chicken. All meat or fish dishes are pre-boiled to reduce the content of purines, and then they are cooked at their discretion: baked, fried or stewed.
• Vegetarian vegetable and cereal soups.
• Two eggs a day, protein omelettes - protein does not contain purines.
• From sweets - marmalade, jam, sugar, honey, caramel, marshmallows, marshmallow. Excludes chocolate.
• Before going to bed, drink 1 glass of liquid (bran decoction, juices, water with lemon or other citrus fruits, herbal tea, kefir).

At oxalaturia :

• A milk-vegetable ("alkaline") diet is observed. Regular consumption of foods rich in calcium is recommended - dairy products (sour cream, sour-milk products, cottage cheese).
• To lower the level, you need to eat foods rich in vitamins B1 And AT 6 . These are eggs, meat, liver. Fish, meat and poultry should be lean varieties (boiled or baked).
• Wheat and rye bread.
• All cereals.
• Vegetable oil and butter.
• The diet is enriched with foods rich in magnesium: oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, wheat bran, seafood, seaweed, wholemeal bread, dried apricots, oatmeal, peas, soybeans, radish. Magnesium ions bind up to 40% oxalic acid in the urine with the formation magnesium oxalates which dissolve well. Magnesium deficiency is manifested by the formation calcium oxalate .
• Cauliflower and white cabbage, potatoes in any form, eggplant (in moderation), carrots, pumpkin, cucumbers, cilantro greens.
• Apricots, bananas, pears, prunes, grapes, apricots, apples, watermelons, melon, peaches, quince, dogwood. The removal of oxalates is facilitated by apples, pears, quince, decoctions of currant leaves, pears and grapes, as well as decoctions of fruit peel. To alkalize urine, you need to eat dried fruits.

At phosphaturia nutrition is shown with a predominance of meat food and flour dishes:

• Any fish, non-spicy fish snacks, soaked herring, as well as in a small amount and infrequently - canned fish.
• Meat, poultry in any preparation.
• Pasta and unleavened dough dishes.
• Any bread and flour products.
• Soups on a weak broth with cereals, pasta, egg dressing.
• Fats other than refractory.
• Diet Enrichment vitamin A : liver of animals, birds, liver of cod and halibut, fish caviar, butter.
• Introduction of an additional amount vitamin D : tuna, salmon, pink salmon, fish roe.
• From dairy products, only sour cream in a small amount for dressing.
• A variety of porridges cooked in water.
• One egg per day.
• Vegetables are excluded, but you can pumpkin, green peas, Brussels sprouts and mushrooms, vegetable juices are excluded.
• Sour varieties of apples, compotes, jelly from them, cranberries, lingonberries, red currants.
• You can drink weak tea and coffee, but without milk, fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries, rosehip broth, bread kvass.
• Confectionery, sugar, jam and honey.

Wholly or partially restricted products

Nutrition for kidney stones caused by salts urates should not contain:

• Offal.
• Meat products and canned meat. Animal protein is limited. Red meat of young animals is excluded because it contains the highest amount of purines.
• Dishes from carp, halibut, sardines, tuna, sea bass, mussels and herring, the use of canned fish is excluded.
• Any broths - in rare cases, a secondary broth can be used.
• Beef and pork fat.
• Vegetables rich in oxalic acid (radishes, spinach, cauliflower, sorrel, asparagus, cranberries, raspberries) and pickled vegetables.
• Spinach, sorrel and legume soups.
• Legumes and mushrooms (porcini and champignons).
• Oatmeal and white rice.
• Cheeses, chocolate, cocoa, red wine, tea and coffee are also rich in purines.
• Confectionery, brewer's yeast.
• Spicy appetizers and spices.
• Dried fruits (prunes can be).
• Alcohol.

At oxalaturia excluded or limited to:

• Products with oxalic acid.
• Jelly and gelatin-containing dishes.
• Sprouted cereals.
• Fatty meats and fish. Lean meat and fish dishes can be up to 150 g per day.
• Soups cooked in strong broths and containing legumes.
• Cocoa, bread kvass, coffee, chocolate.
• Limit the use of potatoes, beets, tomatoes, onions, carrots, eggplants, zucchini, Brussels sprouts, legumes, tomatoes and tomato juice, celery, parsley, rhubarb.
• Salted cheeses, canned food, smoked meats.
• The consumption of milk and dairy products is limited.
• Sweet pastry products.
• Foods with vitamin C are reduced: lemon, grapefruit, currants, rose hips, oranges, mountain ash, strawberries, gooseberries, Antonov apples, cranberries, tangerines, dill, wild garlic, sweet peppers.
• Restriction of salt to 3-4 g.

• Calcium-containing foods (milk, cottage cheese, cheese), sesame seeds.
• Greens and vegetables (you can Brussels sprouts and peas).
• Spicy dishes, smoked meats, sauces.
• Nuts, cocoa.
• Alcohol.
• Sweet yeast bread.

Diet menu for kidney stones (Diet)

As can be seen from the list of allowed products, it is difficult to create a universal menu for different types of food. nephrolithiasis , since products that are allowed in one case are contraindicated in another. So at oxalate nephrolithiasis vegetable and meat nutrition urate - vegetable and dairy, and with phosphaturia on the contrary, meat food should prevail. The issue of compiling a diet in each case is decided individually, and the doctor gives recommendations on nutrition.

Most often at this age, calcium oxalates and phosphates are detected, less often urate stones and extremely rarely cystine stones. Salts of oxalates, urates and phosphates can appear periodically and depend on fluctuations in the diet, and the presence of cystine is a sign of pathology.

Nutrition with salts in the urine in children of different ages does not differ from that in adults.

At oxalate crystalluria a potato-cabbage diet is prescribed. It is necessary to exclude extractive meat dishes, as well as cranberries, beets, carrots, sorrel, spinach, cocoa, and chocolate rich in oxalates. "Alkaline" effect is provided by prunes, dried apricots and pears. Of the mineral waters, Slavyanovskaya and Smirnovskaya are used in monthly courses 2-3 times a year. In addition to diet therapy for oxalate stones, it is used Vitamin B6 , magnesium preparations and Fitin .

Treatment phosphate crystalluria aimed at acidifying the urine. For this purpose, mineral waters are used: Dzau-suar, Narzan, Arzni and preparations: methionine , cystenal , ascorbic acid . Food is prescribed with a restriction of foods with phosphorus (legumes, chocolate, cheese, dairy products, liver, fish roe, chicken). If there is a large amount of calcium phosphate in the urine, it is necessary to reduce the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the intestine by prescribing Almagel . In the presence of tripelphosphates antibiotic therapy and uroantiseptics for the purpose of sanitation of the urinary system.

During treatment urate crystalluria the nutrition of the child provides for the exclusion of purine bases. These are the following products: meat broths, liver, kidneys, nuts, peas, beans, cocoa. Preference is given to products of dairy and vegetable origin. It is important to drink 1-2 liters of fluid. These should be slightly alkaline mineral waters, decoction of oats and decoctions of herbs (dill, horsetail, lingonberry leaf, birch leaf, clover, knotweed). For supporting pH urine use citrate mixtures ( Magurlit , Uralit-U , blemarin , salt water ).

Stone formation in a child is provoked by conditions that lead to permanent obstruction of the urinary tract: anomalies in development and position, endocrinopathy ( hyperparathyroidism , hyperthyroidism , infant hypercalcemia ) acquired tubulopathies and chronic urinary infection. Of course, it is important to eliminate the main cause of stone formation.

In contact with