Beauty and a few tips below.
How to choose colors before painting
You can visually see how this or that hair color will look in two ways. The first one was announced: visit the virtual beauty salon, without leaving home. All you need to do is upload a photo and enjoy a huge selection of hairstyles and color palettes.
Choose a photo that has an image as large as possible. open face and ears. A passport photo would be ideal. If there is no such photo, do not be discouraged. The result of color matching will not become worse, however, the combination of hairstyles and the head will be asymmetrical.
The second option looks somewhat hooligan: it involves visiting a store with wigs and trying them on. Why hooligan, you ask? Trying on a bunch of goods and not buying anything is not the most desirable option for a store seller. Therefore, we recommend that you stop at the first option, and, while drinking tea in slippers, choose the appropriate option.
Choosing a color based on the color type
If before that you classified yourself as completely unique people, then you will have to disappoint. All people of the world are divided into only four color types, named according to the seasons: winter summer Spring Autumn. There are two subtypes that divide color types into a contrasting and non-contrasting type. Consider the features of the definitions adopted in the beauty industry.
Winter
Winter is characterized by typical parameters: boiling-white skin, which tends to quickly get injured in direct sunlight. In order not to confuse this color type with a summer counterpart, you will have to inflict several injuries on your hand: hold a patch of skin between your fingers and turn it sharply. The remaining blue trace will indicate that your color type is winter, red - summer.
This type of appearance suitable coloring blue-black hair. Any manifestations of red and brown are contraindicated- completely different colors will not decorate you, but will age you for a couple of years. From warm and light shades, choose a wheat or honey shade without redness. An ash grey.
Summer
Appearance is characterized cold shades of eyes and hair. A pronounced difference in contrasts indicates a subtype of contrasting and non-contrasting summer. In the first case, the color of the skin and hair has a sharp combination of opposites: light skin and dark hair. In the second: a soft combination of light or dark tones of the exterior elements.
Understanding what hair color is suitable if you are a contrasting summer is easy - it will always have golden notes. The non-contrasting subtype is emphasized by chestnut shades, which have predominant red notes in the spectrum.
Spring
Spring is presented in gentle sensual blondes with bright eyes and eyebrows whose skin is milky and often light dark spots. If you recognize yourself in the description, pay attention to honey colors, all shades of light brown and light red.
Autumn
Natural red hair, freckled skin with pinkish undertones- typical representatives of the autumn color type. Global experiments with appearance are not recommended, only natural hair color. It can be lighter or darker, vary in shade, but basic part must necessarily be associated with red and yellow pigment.
You can determine the color type by online tests, in the plural presented on the Internet. Answer a few simple questions honestly and the computer will respond to your request. It is worth noting that the accuracy of such a test is doubtful: you can conduct it after you determine the color type by your external physical features and compare the result.
Become a blonde, brunette or brown-haired: who is contraindicated
The desire to drastically change the color of the hair, and with it the usual life is quite understandable. However, do not trust the momentary impulse - unsuitable hair color will have to be removed for a long time and painfully. In addition, the health of the hair after such risky procedures will deteriorate. Consider the pitfalls that carry various types:
- Blonde
You can become a blonde if you are sure that your face is perfect. White hair will emphasize all the imperfections of the skin of the face. Wounds, pimples - everything will be evident. However, with white hair color you will get a defenseless, delicate and dreamy look. It is recommended fat girls because it visually lengthens the face. - Brunette
If nature has not rewarded you with a dark hair color, and you really want this, then we recommend double-checking your compatibility several times. You should not paint yourself black if you are over forty years old: alas, you will look forty-five, or even more. But at a young age it is enough to have expressive eyes and dark skin so that black hair color turns you into a queen. A dark shade on the hair is highly not recommended for girls who are overweight: it will emphasize the imperfection of the forms. - brown hair
The chestnut shade on the hair is very successful and fits most color types. It is suitable in case if original color was not much brighter than desired. Blondes who have turned to chestnut will look older. - redhead
Red color is not suitable for young girls with blond hair and transparent skin. If you are this type, make no mistake - leave this color for the ladies who it suits. Also, do not repaint in red bright brunettes. - Red, purple
These shades look artificial and are suitable for a very small number of girls and women. Use these colors as a second color in addition to original color hair.
Be attentive to your appearance and do not allow rash decisions to become a reason for changing it for the worse. Choose a hair color according to your color type and avoid prohibited shades. How to understand what hair color suits you, we found out in the article: use the recommendations above and you will always be irresistible.
As a rule, people can quite well analyze someone else's appearance. Of course, if they have certain skills or just a developed taste and sense of style. And it is better if you have taste and knowledge of theory. But when it comes to their own appearance, many make mistakes. They look and do not see, because they are extremely subjective and cannot evaluate themselves from the outside. Often this is precisely what explains the problems in choosing the right things, in particular the right colors of clothing. Correct colors- these are those that decorate the appearance, make the face fresher and healthier. And not at all those that a person likes, but at the same time do not harmonize with his coloring. We can like absolutely any colors, and that's good, the world is beautiful in its diversity. However, you need to wear those that do not spoil the appearance, but show it in the best light. At least in the portrait zone, wear suitable ones close to the face. At the bottom, it's not so critical anymore. But there will be a task to correctly combine the bottom with the top. But about the rules for combining colors a little later.
Why are some colors suitable for a person, while others are not?
It is important to understand the theory in order to know what to look for when analyzing color. So, the colors, being close, have a certain effect on each other. So, if a fabric with a pronounced cold undertone is placed next to the skin that has a warm shade, then the light, reflected from the fabric, will give highlights of a different color on the skin and the skin color will look unhealthy - with a greenish, earthy or grayish tint. If the skin color is soft, with a grayish undertone, and the fabric is bright, then against the background of this fabric the skin will be lost, appear paler, the color of the fabric will drown it out. Etc.
It happens that people ask if it is possible to wear "not your" colors? In general, of course, you can! Who are you going to ban? But you need to understand that in this case such a person will not look the best. in the best way compared to what it might look like in the shades that suit it. Do you want such a result? Please wear any color and no physical analysis is required.
And for those who are still ready to understand and accept the truth about their color and use the information for the benefit of their own beauty and attractiveness, the following information will be useful:
The color is suitable if:
- Skin looks smoother, fresher and younger
- Seems like the face is lit from below
- In the chin area, the shadow almost merges or highlights the skin tone
- Eye color becomes brighter, more expressive, acquire shine
- Lips appear redder
- Under-eye circles, wrinkles and skin blemishes are less visible
- First of all, the face is visible, not the fabric
- At the same time, the fabric does not look too faded or, conversely, too flashy-bright
- The fabric looks richer, more luxurious
The color is NOT suitable if:
- Complexion appears uneven, patchy
- Dark or colored shadows appear in the chin area
- The oval of the face looks fuzzy, blurry
- Face appears older, tired, sickly
- The whites of the eyes become yellowish or reddish
- A greenish tint appears around the lips
- Facial features are sharpened, wrinkles become more noticeable, nasolabial folds appear deeper, circles under the eyes become darker
- The color of the fabric suppresses and drowns out the complexion, first the fabric is visible, and then the face
- The fabric looks too faded, as if washed out, burned out, or, conversely, synthetically bright, looks cheap
(When conducting a test to determine suitable colors there should not be any cosmetics on the face, the lighting should be natural, daylight (that is, opposite the window, but the sun should not shine directly on the face), the hair is removed. If the current hair color is very different from natural, it is better to cover the hair with a white scarf.)
Examples of colors that do not suit a person well, and which suit him.
Can you figure out what's wrong?
So, what result of choosing the colors of clothes for yourself will you choose?
It is clear why you need to be able to determine the colors that suit you and wear them on your face?
But there may be a conflict of interest here.
It happens that the group of colors that suit a person, for some reason, does not like him. On the contrary, he has a craving for those things whose color kills his appearance. In this case, you need to follow the same algorithm of actions, which should be applied to all appearance parameters:
1) See. Those. still correctly determine your color type. No concessions)) When analyzing, look not at the color, but at the face! Those. objectively discard personal “like / dislike”, “want / don’t want” and sensibly assess the impact of a particular shade on your appearance.
2) To accept. Understand that the color type of appearance is a natural given. It practically does not change throughout life. In any case, in a natural way. There may, of course, be small transitions, but then adjustments to the appropriate color palette will be required. For now, make peace with what you have. The maximum that can be done with the appearance is to increase the contrast due to brighter makeup.
If this stage is failed and you do not want to point-blank admit that your favorite bright, dark or any other colors do not really suit you, you will never come close to creating your ideal harmonious image. There is a way for the selfless, of course, to regularly correct ALL the colors of their appearance. Those. dye your hair, change the color of your eyes with lenses or the right shade of shadows, cover your face with a dense layer foundation desired tone. In this case, with the harmony of all components, the color type can be radically different. For example, DitafonTeese went this way. Having a warm color by nature, she changed it to a cold bright one. But it was necessary to create a stage image. And to constantly maintain this style, she has to make a lot of effort. Are you ready for this? Do you need it? It's up to you to decide. But in my opinion, life is too short to spend it fighting with your natural beauty for the sake of false aspirations.
An elementary update of the wardrobe is not always trivially solved: it seems that the blouse seems so fashionable-beautiful-stylish on a mannequin, but it doesn’t look at all on a living figure, in addition it makes hair dull, and on a face that has suddenly become earthy in color it clearly prints dark circles under the eyes...
What if there is no financial opportunity to experiment with every design and color shade, and buying inappropriate things so that they lie until better times (which most likely will not come) is not an option for a modest budget? Define your appearance type and follow the recommendations for creating your own wardrobe, based on it - and then even on a hanger in the store you can determine, even without trying on: whether it will suit your fair skin and hair ashy shade this dress or blouse or it is better to leave it to that burning brunette.
Appearance type it happens:
1. Color
2. style
We are not free to choose either one or the other, and the sooner we accept it, the better. Alas :) A romantic, dressed brightly and brightly, will look ridiculous, just like a pronounced "classic" who prefers country style in clothes.
Knowing your style type is desirable, and color is simply a must (of course, if you want all your advantages to come to the fore, and your shortcomings to go into the shadows).
By combining knowledge together, you can choose the most winning wardrobe.
Before talking about the choice of wardrobe by color type, let's dwell on style types appearance. There are also four of them, as well as well-known colors: Classic, Dramatic, Romantic and Natural.
STYLE TYPES OF APPEARANCE
1. Classic style
Signs of a classic type: an even oval face, straight pretty high forehead, neat straight nose, clear lines of eyebrows located in calm half-arches, sculpted cheekbones and profile lines, not too full, but not very thin lips. Those. correct proportions and sculpture.
Such women are especially suited classic suits- nothing surprising, the harmony of proportions and architectural cut are combined into one whole. Basic principles in clothing: high quality, a minimum of decor, conciseness, expensive jewelry. Restrained colors are best suited: all shades of gray, birch-brown tones. However, you should remember about your color.
2. dramatic style
The appearance of people of this style is spectacular and bright. Faces - graphic and clear modeling. In shape, such faces are most often angular (triangular, square). They are based not on softened rounded lines, but on sharp or massive ones. Almost all representatives of this style have well-defined cheekbones. Eyebrows dynamically rise up, have a kink or, on the contrary, low, as if pressing on the eyes. Something predatory looks through the eyes, their cut often resembles a cat's. Lips either overly full, sensuous or very thin, feeling cold and tight.
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Representatives of this style can afford theatricality, pretentiousness, solemnity and sometimes aggressiveness in clothes, without fear of looking out of place.
3. romantic style
The structure of the face is rather delicate, its shape is oval, elongated or slightly rounded, smooth soft lines prevail in the features, there are no sharp and aggressive lines. A neat nose can be slightly upturned or slightly snub-nosed and always thin and graceful. Never - massive and wide. The eyes are wide open, slightly childish, or soft and mysterious. Lips bow or slightly swollen, capricious. Possible dimples on rounded cheeks. For representatives of the romantic style, it is common up to middle age to keep in appearance prettiness and refinement.
Sometimes "romantics" are divided into "naive" and "complex". In the image of the former there is lightness, playfulness, tenderness, openness, and the latter are characterized by spirituality, detachment, silence, mystery. "Naive romantics" are Scarlett Johansson and Drew Barrymore, "difficult" - Liv Tyler and Cate Blanchett.
Representatives of this style need to include elements of romance in their clothes. First of all, make extensive use of a delicate color palette, simple shades or complex shades, depending on the subtype. Accessories should also emphasize the main feature of the style: small, neat jewelry with round-cut stones, or in the form of flowers, fruits and berries - for a "naive" occasion, and complex, refined, fragile, shading the depth of creative natures.
4. natural style
The most free and soft direction. The name itself speaks about the harmonious naturalness of the natural style, and its naturalness cannot be separated from the feeling of peace, comfort, simplicity. Rigid graphics in facial features are completely absent. Features of the type - a rounded outline of the face, a soft chin, wide, almost straight eyebrows, a wide or rounded soft nose, indistinctly defined lips. From such faces emanates simplicity and natural charm.
This type of appearance "loves" natural materials and the same shades: gray, beige / brown. natural beauty emphasize jewelry made of wood, leather, metal, bone - especially if they are made simply.
COLOR TYPES OF APPEARANCE
Human nature is such that we are all born with individual appearances - different hair and eye colors, skin tone, characteristic physiological features ... And yet, all this diversity of human appearance can be distinguished into basic types: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.
Often, incorrect positioning of one's type leads to oddities: Summer loves truly "winter" colors and things, and Autumn is eager to buy a coat intended only for Spring. Yes, life is unfair, but take comfort in the fact that the colors you don't really like will make you like others a lot more - and first of all, yourself! Subjective opinion, perhaps, in this case also has the right to exist, but listen to the advice of fashion designers and stylists - the correct correspondence of clothes to the true color type will allow you to bloom not only externally, but also internally.
Cold and warm types
Nature is rich in a great variety of colors, while all color palette falls into three broad categories:
cold colors- frosty pink, lilac, violet and blue gamma;
warm colors- orange-red, yellow-brown gamma and some warm shades of green;
neutral shades- some tones of brown, gray, white, black and some tones of the blue palette.
Also, the types of appearance of people are divided into two basic groups:
cold type of appearance- Winter and, paradoxically, Summer;
warm type of appearance– Spring and Autumn.
There are several methods for correctly and quickly determining your own color type, which are based on eye color, skin tone, natural (unpainted!) Eyebrow and hair color.
Summer
A common type among the Slavic population: fair-haired or cold ash-colored hair; light skin that acquires an olive undertone when sunburned; green, blue or grey eyes with a silver sheen.
Harmonious with each other blonde hair and skin determine the color scheme in Summer's clothes: it will certainly be light pastel colors - lilac, pink, cold blue and gray with an ash tint. The main rule: a cold type of appearance - cold colors in clothes and the absence of bright, flashy colors. Catchy colors (for example, yellow, orange, green) will simply “beat” a light-haired girl, make her eyes on her face inconspicuous and inexpressive.
Pure neutral tones - white and black - are recommended to be avoided in Summer clothes, but platinum and silver shades, the color of white gold will emphasize the sophistication and cold elegance of the "summer" girl. Shoes are selected in the recommended "summer" pastel shades, as well as classic gray, gray-blue and the color of the sea, cold brown or pink.
Winter
ima can be contrasting and non-contrasting, but in any case it is one of the brightest color types. Dark or black hair, blue or Brown eyes, light transparent (contrast Winter) or dark olive (non-contrast Winter) skin.
Representatives of this type the only completely natural fit is a pure black and white gamma in clothes. Since Winter is a cold color type, a preference for muted cold shades is recommended in the wardrobe: frosty pink and cherry, cold blue and purple colors, including purple shades, gray and its gradients, rich emerald. Silver, platinum, pearl and white gold color will make a spectacular accent as a decor, finish or when choosing fittings and accessories.
Just like “summer” girls, warm shades are contraindicated for “winter” girls - orange, red, yellow, warm blue and green. Gray-blue and chocolate tones should also be excluded from the wardrobe, this also applies to shoes - for boots, shoes, boots, steel, black, burgundy with a cold tint is preferable.
Spring
Hair - natural blonde or a brown-haired woman with an obligatory redhead in strands, eyes of any light shades - brown is practically excluded. The skin, despite its sensitivity, tans easily and quickly, freckles are, of course, a distinctive feature of the warm Spring.
For the basic colors of the wardrobe, it is recommended to stop at golden beige and other light warm shades of brown - for example, caramel and milk chocolate colors are ideal for clothes, shoes, and additional accessories. Black shoes may be appropriate for specific occasions, but generally not recommended.
As already mentioned, White color ideal only for Winter, but for the refreshment of the "spring" type, stylists recommend ecru (ivory) or creamy. It is better if the clothes have decorative elements or finishes in golden yellow or creamy white.
Autumn
Another, related to the warm type, is bright and saturated, characterized by a blush on the skin and freckles, pigmentation that appears with age or under the influence of active sunlight. Eye color can be any, but certainly clean, without inclusions - blue, green, brown. Hair, as for the "spring" type, is cast golden-red.
Of course, only saturated tones of autumn nature will suit such a sunny, calm and warm woman. Warm brown colors will look amazing in clothes: from light honey and beige to reddish-rusty and deep color of bitter chocolate. A red range is also suitable, which in saturation and boldness can vary depending on the age of Spring: orange, tomato and original red diversify the overall brown palette in the closet.
The purple gamut, related to cold tones and, in general, not suitable for warm types, only Autumn allows you to dream up and, with some effort, pick up a spectacular contrasting little thing in a blurry and muted color of a ripe eggplant or in lilac - most likely, such colors will look appropriate in evening dress.
Withering autumn nature, despite the obvious predominance of brown tones, still contains a little green. If you are Autumn, then khaki, olive or swamp green wardrobe items will certainly suit you.
Cold blue or royal blue will irretrievably absorb all the spiritual and external warmth of the "autumn" girl, pure black and snow-white-white things in the Autumn wardrobe will also not take root: if necessary, they are recommended to be replaced with dark brown or cream and beige.
Listen to these recommendations and then your wardrobe will not contain random items bought in an emotional outburst. Beauty can also be different: some of the wrong tones have the most ideal cut of things basic wardrobe eyes and complexion will fade, and others, having made right choice, will gain self-confidence, the pleasure of their own attractiveness will cheer you up and, undoubtedly, will attract the admiring glances of others.
I think it's safe to say that everyone wants to be beautiful. But quite often one can observe that outwardly beautiful woman even the most elegant dress does not fit at all. And it's not about the style or design, but about the color. It has long been known that the color scheme of the outfit is able to emphasize the merits and hide the shortcomings of a person. Therefore, for sure, every woman asks the question: what color suits me? Let's talk about this hot topic.
A little about the theory of color types
We all know that there are only three primary colors, and from them all possible shades are already obtained, of which there are about 20 thousand. And how to choose from all this variety exactly the one that will be best combined with the color of the skin, hair, eyes? For this, the theory of color types was invented in the 20th century. She says that all people belong to one or another season - autumn, winter, spring or summer - depending on the features of their appearance. And each season is suitable for certain colors of clothes and accessories. We already wrote about how to determine the color type in one of our articles - “How to determine the color type? ". This theory is criticized quite a lot today, but more and more cosmetologists and designers use it in their work. It is on it that we will stop.
What color suits me: winter color type
The first type of appearance is winter. People with this color type are characterized by a rather cold skin color of blue, pink or white shades, also the skin can be darkish, but this darkness is transparent, not intense. The eyes can be of any color, most often dark, but quite rich color, clear and bright. Basic colors: dark gray, blue, light blue, cold green, black and brown. In addition, the appearance is quite contrasting. So, bright white squirrels are combined with a dark color of the iris. By the way, in eastern countries, oddly enough, there are most people with this color type. The hair of the representatives of the "winter" is black, dark brown, sometimes ashy.
People with this color type of appearance are best suited for clear, distinct and cold tones. It is worth saying that this is the only type of appearance that cannot be spoiled by black and white shades in clothes. It is best to choose bright black or snow-white outfits. In addition, black color is combined with all other colors, emphasizes them.
From rich and bright colors(orange, yellow, green) it is better to refuse in favor of more muted, deep ones. Dark pink, inky purple, turquoise and coffee hues work best.
If we talk about patterns, then people of the color "winter" are best to prefer strict geometric or abstract elements with clear, pronounced lines.
Jewelry and accessories should be chosen bright and shiny, but at the same time, a strict ascetic design. The color of jewelry should also be strong - red ruby, bright black onyx, green emerald. In addition, it is desirable to prefer silver or platinum to gold.
What color suits me: summer color type
People with this color type are characterized by very pale color skin, most often with a pink or olive tint. The hair color is also light, from blond to dark blond. And the eyes are most often blue, gray or green.
Muted and soft colors are best for people of the summer color type - various shades of gray, blue, pink. In general, it is believed that if you have a fairly pale skin color and hair light tone, then blue and gray colors in clothes fit perfectly. By the way, denim clothing will look very harmonious on you.
Different shades are best suited for ceremonial and weekend clothes. green color, for example, muted emerald.
You should not choose clothes in black, orange colors, as well as bright colors red. In addition, it is worth abandoning both brown and milky shades.
If you like patterns on clothes, then they should be small, subtle and discreet. Of the jewelry, you should prefer accessories made "antique". The color of jewelry should be muted, delicate, for example, you can choose blue aquamarine, gray-green agate.
What color suits me: autumn color type
If you have a pleasant golden hue skin, hair is red or dark blond, preferably curly, and eyes are green, brown with shades of amber or cognac, then your color type is autumn.
Cool colors are best for people with this color type - gray, black, blue, white. And to emphasize the warmth of appearance can clothes and accessories of various brown shades - brick, carrot, mustard.
Bright and flashy tones are undesirable - purple, violet, lemon, bright blue or pink.
In general, people of this color type should wear earthy tones, as well as shades of fading greens. Among jewelry, it is better to prefer accessories made of copper, gold or wood. Stones should be warm shades - red, warm green or yellow-gold.
Folklore, abstract and tiger patterns on clothes will look best.
What color suits me: spring color type
The skin of people of the "spring" color type is light, creamy, light golden or milky. Hair is golden, wheaten in color, with an amber tint. And the structure of the hair is curly, thin and fluffy. The eyes are usually grey, blue or light green.
People with such features of appearance are best suited for various shades of green, turquoise, emerald, as well as golden, peach, mild red.
Too light, or vice versa, dark tones should be avoided, for example, black, pastel summer colors, all dark shades of blue, red and green.
The best jewelry for this color type will be delicate and delicate accessories made of yellow or red gold, Ivory, light artificial materials. By the way, the best choice for the “spring” color type - plain outfits, without patterns and ornaments.
I think that it will not be a secret to anyone that hair color also greatly affects appearance a person, and changing it can sometimes drastically change a person. We have already talked about what hair color is best for me in one of our articles - “What hair color will suit me? ".
I hope now you can answer the question: what color suits me? Knowing this, we will be able to choose a wardrobe that will be in harmony with the features of your appearance.
If it’s still difficult for you to determine the color type or you still can’t answer the question: what color is right for me, a test that can be taken on many sites on the Internet will help you. Good luck with your color choices!
Each person has his own specific color scheme - these are the colors given to him by nature. But, unfortunately, many girls do not know how to choose their own colors, rely on fashion or even copy the style of their friends and acquaintances, and in fact, incorrectly chosen colors can focus on your shortcomings. So, how to know what color suits you?
Depending on the appearance, the colors are divided into 4 groups:
- Winter
- Spring
- Summer
- Autumn
According to them, you can determine those colors that will emphasize your dignity, enliven your face and give it youth.
First you need to determine your natural palette: hair, skin, eyes, lips, face. To do this, remove your hair from your face, but rather tie it in a ponytail or a bun, wash off all the makeup and carefully, in good light, examine your face in the mirror.Determine what shade your skin is: light brown, brown, yellowish, pale blue, pinkish,what shade of your hair: bluish, yellow, brown, red, etc.Thus, you can determine which colors are predominantly found in your appearance: warm or cold.
Next, attach handkerchiefs of various colors and shades to your face. So you will understand which color suits you more, and which one should not be overdone. It is important not to get hung up on your favorite colors. Often people confuse their favorite colors with those that really suit them.After conducting these studies, you can accurately determine the colors that suit you. If you are closer to cold shades, this means that your type is Winter or Summer, and if warm, then you are Spring or Autumn. For a more accurate answer, remember: muted tones are characteristic of Summer and Autumn, bright tones are characteristic of Spring and Winter, light tones are mainly Spring and Summer, dark tones are characteristic of Winter and Autumn. In accordance with these parameters, you can easily choose the clothes that suit your type.
Know that white and red colors are more suitable for spring type, white, black and dark blue for winter, green, brick, olive for autumn, and burgundy and pastel shades for summer. For greater effect, you can try to combine solid colors, they visually slim.Naturally, each color has many shades, and over time you will learn how to choose and combine them correctly.
