Necklace in Ukrainian style. Ukrainian decoration - Silyanka. The beauty of natural raw materials

Modern designers study with interest the history of Ukrainian jewelry, creating stylized accessories in an authentic style. You can admire it while looking at the bright coral beads, dukachas and earrings that our ancestors wore. These were not just decorations, but also strong amulets that warded off evil spirits and protected from evil eyes. The fashion for jewelry differed in different regions, but the love for red beads and bright ribbons was common.

Ukrainian jewelry

The most popular jewelry in national costume

Coral beads were the most popular jewelry for Ukrainian women. The richer the girl was, the more threads with beads adorned her neck; their number could reach 30 rows. The value of the jewelry was also influenced by the quality of bead processing. Those that were in the form of small sliced ​​cylinders were valued less than oval ones. Depending on the wealth of the family and the region of Ukraine, such beads were combined with other jewelry, for example, with dukach or Venetian beads.

Our ancestors believed that jewelry protected from evil spirits- a traditional Hutsul neck ornament-amulet, which consists of several crosses, in the spaces between them there are beads made of lautni or copper, as well as in more modern version– corals. The girl received zgard as a gift on Angel's Day when she turned 6 years old. Then she received zgardas annually and over time became the owner of a unique multi-layered necklace.

Patserki- beads made from different materials, in one or more threads. Of interest are the painted beads. This is quite a massive decoration. The first examples of beads were created from inexpensive translucent glass, while more expensive versions were made from valuable Venetian glass.

Patserki

Hryvnia- a short neck decoration resembling a hoop, in the shape of a crescent. Gold, silver and cheaper alloys were used as manufacturing materials. This decoration demonstrated the status of the owner.

- jewelry that was made from beads and was worn on the chest. They were two “ribbons” connecting at the solar plexus. This accessory was worn on the territory of left-bank Ukraine. And in Lvov there were similar decorations that resembled collars. The ornament that decorated the product served as a protective symbol.

Modern gerdans

Beads have gained popularity in Ukraine since the end of the 18th century. They were used to decorate household items and accessories. The symbols and ornaments that were depicted with its help could be interpreted as follows: horizontal stripes - an image of the earth; wavy lines – water; crosses – element of fire; diamonds, circles and squares meant the sun. Preference was given to bright colors.

- a decoration in the shape of a coin, reminiscent of a medal, which was often complemented by a metal bow (the first dukaches were awarded to the Cossacks for excellent service, and over time they ended up in the jewelry collections of their daughters and granddaughters). They could be decorated with portraits or religious scenes, were often passed down from generation to generation and therefore were so worn out that it was difficult to see the images printed on them. In the history of costume, dukaches are given an honorable place.

If there were several daughters in a family, the richest decorations went to the eldest. Her mother gave her her jewelry wealth, with the exception of a cross, a wedding ring and several rows of beads. The youngest of the daughters was bought new jewelry, but her set was more modest.

Earrings were also very popular, and they had funny names in different regions: “temples”, “kilts”, “bazkas”, “kogutki”. It was believed that earrings, which have several pendants that create a slight ringing sound when rocked, ward off evil spirits from a woman. Not only girls, but also Cossacks wore earrings. So, one earring in the man’s left ear indicated that he was his mother’s only son, and in the right ear he was the last in the family.

Jewelers were also called differently depending on what materials they worked with and what kind of jewelry they created. For example, “mosyazhniki” worked with non-ferrous metals, often copper, “goldsmiths” made jewelry from gold in combination with stones, glass and ivory. Masters performing artistic carving woodworking and embossing, they were called “snitsari”.

Since ancient times, people have strived to wear and create beautiful things, the jewelry of our ancestors is proof of this!

And today embroidery, which is decorated by hand, is rightfully considered a real source of energy and strength. Such blouses and shirts were worn by both women and men, wearing embroidered shirts on special occasions, holidays, and also at cheerful folk festivals. Today, embroidered shirt is not only an integral element of the national costume, but also a real trend of the fashion season.

An embroidered blouse or shirt in Ukrainian style is stylish, prestigious, fashionable and original. Today, when decorating it, at least one hundred original and folk embroidery techniques are used. By the way, embroidered shirt today is not necessarily a short blouse or shirt; it can take the form of a free-flowing Ukrainian-style dress, a tunic or midi, belted with a bright patterned sash.

The choice of embroidery today, just as in ancient times, is determined by the symbolism and relevance of the ornaments and patterns depicted on clothing. Geometric strict patterns are more typical for men's shirts. These are zigzag “doodles”, a symbol of a bracelet, embossed diamond-shaped lines and much more in a strict color combination, which is the personification of courage, masculinity and strength.

Women's patterns and ornaments amaze the imagination with the ornateness and filigree of fine work, complex weaving and fantasy. Colorful embroidery can be decorated with natural or floral motifs, openwork interlacing of vines, guns, and leaves. Colorful embroidery symbolizes youth, femininity, love, tenderness and chastity.

Dresses in Ukrainian style

Today, dresses in Ukrainian style are not only national clothes, but also independent stylish element a modern image of an active, sophisticated, business and elegant fashionista. Historically, Ukrainian dress was identified with tenderness and femininity. Today, dresses in Ukrainian style demonstrate genuine warmth, originality, as well as refined and extraordinary taste.

In order for the dress to truly reflect the ethnic culture of the Ukrainian people, to this day needlewomen use many various techniques for decorating clothes. Particularly popular when creating is the combination of light natural fabric as base element outfit, as well as contrasting embroidery. Among the most popular techniques are satin stitch and cross stitch embroidery, for special occasions and evening looks designers use embroidery with ribbons or beads. Such a dress in the Ukrainian style can either completely replicate the national costume of the people, or be a successful stylization of Ukrainian “folk”.

Among the variety of models, the main directions can be distinguished:

• Casual dresses in Ukrainian style. The difference between this outfit is the unique combination of simplicity of cut, femininity and light decoration in the form of embroidery only on the sleeve cuffs or collar.
  
• Dress in Ukrainian style for a cocktail or youth party. This may be a cut favored by active youth, repeating a simple tunic, but the presence of decor in the form of embroidery and accessories in the Ukrainian style is mandatory. This dress will highlight good taste.
  Stylish dress in Ukrainian style
• Evening, prom or Wedding Dress. The most exquisite cut, dear natural fabric and generous embroidery with satin stitch, satin ribbons or sparkling beads. This outfit will not go unnoticed, as it is a skillful and contrasting combination of modern style and national Ukrainian traditions.
  

Why, when choosing an original and extraordinary outfit, should the choice fall on a Ukrainian outfit? The answer is simple: at any event, be it a social event, youth party or a business dinner, Ukrainian motifs in a dress guarantee uniqueness and precious exclusivity to the look.

Shoes and hats

The national costume involves not only special clothing, but is also complemented by traditional shoes and hats. In Ukraine, as a rule, shoes were made from genuine leather. We all remember Gogol’s work “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, where the charming Oksana asked Vakula to bring her red slippers. It's the red boots from soft skin with high tops were the dream of all Ukrainian beauties, but were available only to representatives of a rich family or nobility. Poor women, along with men, were content with wrinkles - boots made of leather, tied with ropes so that the top did not fall off while walking or working.

Head ones women's clothing, as a rule, were intended for married women and were supposed to completely cover the hair. The main ones were a kibalka, a scarf or a cap. But the young ones unmarried girls could openly demonstrate beauty, I decorate my head only with a wreath or bright satin ribbon. For men, a greater variety of hats was presented.

Accessories

Symbolic jewelry has always been a favorite accessory of Ukrainian women. It is difficult to imagine a full-fledged folk image without. Such decoration has long been considered not only a way to emphasize youth and tenderness. Even today, a wreath is a symbolic amulet, which is woven according to special rules, where each flower and ribbon of a special color symbolizes any personal qualities, desires or events. For example, young mothers decorated their heads with a wreath of roses; the traditional viburnum symbolized feminine beauty, chamomile - the innocence and purity of a girl’s soul. Traditionally, 12 flowers were woven together, symbolizing the character, thoughts and desires of the girl.

Integrity and harmony are determined by correctly selected accessories. Today, a wreath in the Ukrainian style has acquired new shapes and has become an integral element of a bright and stylish look. In addition to the wreath, Ukrainian female image Can't imagine without beads. Since ancient times, women of any age have worn beads, traditionally red, to celebrations. By the way, this decoration also had a secret magical meaning. It personified the sun, warmth, and also protected from evil, hatred, envy and temptation. Ukrainians called such beads “namist”, decorating themselves not only for holidays, but also for traditional family evening. Today, large red beads are stylish and modern decoration, complementing the charismatic Ukrainian image, introducing bright notes and coloring everyday life.

Today, the world's most famous fashion houses use Ukrainian motifs when creating their fashion collections.

A refined interpretation of folk elements, embodied in clothing, shoes and accessories, emphasizes the originality and originality of the image in a colorful ethnic style. Each element of Ukrainian costume is a whole embodiment of the era, a tribute to the traditions of our ancestors. Thanks to such a deep intellectual component, a special Ukrainian harmony is created.

Any outfit will sparkle in a completely new way if you add one small detail to it - a correctly selected and, importantly, original decoration. Silver and gold, stones and wood, fantasy and minimalism, neoclassicism and art nouveau...We selected 7 brands jewelry, among which, we are sure, you will find exactly the product that will become a highlight in your image. And, as always, they are all made in Ukraine!

kochut

The idea to create a jewelry brand kochut belongs to three brothers from Uzhgorod: Yuri, Roman and Igor. The brothers-jewelers began making their first products while still at school. Having seen these jewelry at least once, you will never confuse them with any other brand - each product is original and modern. We think that fantasy lovers will especially appreciate their rings, they look so magical. Jewelers make almost all their jewelry with their own hands, sometimes using modern technologies 3D modeling, and also use the rare Mokume Gane metal joining technique. And, by the way, it was they who came up with the idea of ​​​​creating the first jewelry in the world with gallium.

Lena Yastreb

Jewelry brand Lena Yastreb on the Ukrainian market for several years. His main directions are neoclassicism and animalism. The main motive is convenience, aesthetics and individuality. Interestingly, in addition to original decorations made of silver and gold for women and men, there is also a children's line. This year's plans include working with new materials such as plastic and wood, their combination with precious stones and metals, development of limited editions and art objects. You can view the products and purchase them online on the website, and you can try on new items and exclusive jewelry, even something that is not yet on the website, in the concept store 11SilverSpace in the center of the capital on the street. Malaya Zhitomirskaya 9-B (you can also get a discount for checking in there).

Dari Jewelry

Dari Chernikova has been in the field of jewelry design for about 5 years, but the decision to found her own brand came 2 years ago. The main vector for the designer is simplicity, which, of course, is manifested in the style of her sophisticated products. Rings, earrings, pendants and bracelets look quite laconic, but at the same time they have life. For example, two “Sea” rings will never be identical: the enamel coating is mixed anew each time and consists of several colors, which after baking acquire a unique gradient. Or take the “The Universe” series of jewelry: the entire lunar surface is created by hand and looks very mesmerizing. Coming soon brand Dari Jewelry presents a small collection that will be a real surprise for spring. Jewelry can be found in the showrooms “The One”, “Apartment 31”, in the concept store “Window to the Courtyard”, in Lviv in the gallery “Shchos Tsikave”, deliveries are expected soon to “Cocoon space” in Odessa and “ MEL" in Kharkov.

Hovsepyan Designs

His experiments in jewelry making designer Arthur Hovsepyan started in 2012, and three years later launched his own brand Hovsepyan Designs , specializing mainly in the production of bracelets, earrings and rings. Arthur makes his unusual products himself using the traditional handmade method in a minimalist style. The material for them is mainly silver, although the master likes to experiment with alloys of metals such as copper and gold.

Maya

Brand Creator Maya— jewelry artist Maya Kotelnitskaya, graduate of the Lviv Academy of Arts. In her work, the designer combines boldness and complexity of ideas, paying attention to how jewelry works on the human body. Maya studies both the ancient jewelry traditions of the peoples of the world and the most sophisticated and vibrant period in history jewelry art- Art Nouveau. When working on her amazing jewelry, she prefers to experiment with stones and metals, as well as use non-standard materials such as wood, glass, porcelain and fragments of antiques.

Ukrainian decoration— Silyanka is a gerdan, or another name for a silyanka made of beads - an ancient decoration of Ukrainian women - a solid, even or openwork strip that fits tightly to the neck, tied at the back or fastened with a hook. It was woven from multi-colored beads on a hair or thread base, 0.5 to 4 cm wide, with a geometric pattern.
Silyankas wore one stripe or two or three narrow stripes of different colors and patterns around their necks, connecting them with several threads of glass beads and corals.

Multi-colored beaded necklace with an interesting pattern, a wonderful necklace in ethnic style.

In the east of Ukraine this decoration was unknown. Found in Podolia and Volyn. And in Galicia it was extremely common. Probably, the silyanka came to Galicia from Hungary. Similar to gerdans products called margele are also common in the Romanian part of Bukovina.
And according to this pattern I weaved mine silyanka, it can be seen in the “Works” section. Only the color scheme is slightly different from the scheme.

According to this pattern, I wove several Silyanok. Not difficult at all, but very beautiful.

Ukrainian jewelry has always performed two functions - protective and informative. The first had amulet and ritual jewelry that was worn only on the body - wedding rings, bracelets and crosses. Well, those that were worn over clothes spoke eloquently about the wealth of the owner: six threads of coral alluvium, for example, cost as much as a pair of oxen. Gerdany- beaded chest decorations in the form of a loop of two strips connected by a medallion at the solar plexus. They were worn mainly by men, but women also wore them. In Bukovina, the ends of the gerdan ribbons were connected by a mirror suspended from them.

The name “silyanka” comes from the method of making such jewelry (“silyannya”, threading - a method of stringing beads on a thread. Not wide (two to three centimeters) silyankas women wore it every day as a talisman (the power of the silyanka as a talisman was always determined by the ornament). For greater strength of the Hutsul amulet, for example, a beaded ribbon with a protective ornament was sewn onto a red strip of linen.

Various decorations for modern woman are an integral part of her wardrobe. After all, they are the ones who make the beautiful half of humanity unique and charming.

We inherited the motifs of traditional jewelry from our ancestors. They invested deep sacred and protective meaning into these patterns. Even during the Trypillian culture, our ancestors wore jewelry and decorated their clothes with embroidery, appliqués, and painting.

Over the course of many centuries, clothing decorations have been changed and improved by folk craftsmen. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the most common traditional jewelry was finally formed among Ukrainian peasants: neck and chest items (necklaces, salba, dukach, patserki, ducats, zgarda, gerdans, silyankas and others) as well as ear jewelry.

Breast decorations, which performed ritual and protective functions, protected a person from the evil eye and any disaster, were worn on the body. But what was worn over clothes served as a colorful addition to the traditional Ukrainian costume.

Women's jewelry in Ukrainian life became an obligatory part of the festive attire; it also had its own purpose and certain features. By the number of breast decorations, one could determine how wealthy their owner was.

Exposition in . Photo credit: IGotoWorld Photo Group.

Ukrainian peasant women, even poor ones, tried not to be inferior to each other in the number of different different decorations. Such jewelry was collected over several generations and passed down as a family heirloom. Sometimes a set of women's jewelry was worth more than a house or a pair of oxen.

Jewelry was bought at rural fairs and in shopping arcades major cities. Suppliers were mainly artisans, but some jewelry was brought from other countries.

Neck and chest decorations for clothing

Breast decorations occupied a special place in the attire of Ukrainian women. Removable jewelry, different in shape, color and material, harmoniously combined with each other and added unique sophistication to traditional Ukrainian clothing. The combination of different decorations was determined by local traditions. So:

• in Polesie they wore coral and amber beads;
• in Podolia, 5-10 threads of corals were supplemented with a thread of “troublemakers” (beads made of mother-of-pearl shells), a chain with coins and a small glass necklace;
• The Dnieper region preferred corrals, dukach with a bow or glass beads with coins, the neck was decorated with beaded “bows”;
• in Western Ukraine, traditional beads were supplemented with “written” patserkas and beaded “silyankas”.
• in the Hutsul region special meaning paid attention to the brass (mosyazhny) necklace - zgarde, rustle.

Necklace

The necklace was distributed throughout Ukraine and had many varieties. The greatest value was a necklace made of expensive natural materials: corals, amber, pearls, garnets; as well as glass, smalt. Topping the list was a coral necklace., it was called: good necklace, real necklace, real corals, wise necklace. Corals at that time were not a cheap decoration; peasants with little income could not always buy such a necklace.

1 photo: necklace. Coral, metal. Second half of the 19th century. 2 photos: b mustache with buttons. Coral, metal. Cherkasy region, 19th century. Photo source: honchar.org.ua.

The material for making such a necklace was the skeletons of coral polyps, mostly red. They were mined in the warm waters of the Mediterranean region and brought to Ukraine mainly from Venice.

Coral necklaces varied in size, quality, finish and color. The so-called unprocessed “prickly” necklace was considered cheaper - it consisted of small cylinders cut into tube shapes. Red corals, processed in the form of ovals or barrels, especially with large beads in the center, were highly valued. Often the largest central bead on each strand was set in silver. The number of threads of such a necklace often reached 25; such luxury testified to the woman’s wealth. Crosses, gold coins, and silver beads (reefs, buttons) were often added to the necklace.

Traditions of wearing a necklace

• During fasting or mourning, the red necklace was not worn; it was replaced with a cheaper glass one with a dull color.
• After 40 years, women generally did not wear a necklace, but this was not prohibited. Many people wore a necklace in old age, but mostly of a dark color and in small quantities.
• Bad omen was to break the necklace, this foreshadowed misfortune.
• People believed that whoever wears a coral necklace will not be affected by any spell.

The amber necklace was also very common in our country. Stones were mined in Volyn, in some places in the Middle Dnieper region, and in the Carpathian region. A string of amber sometimes reached below the middle of the chest and was most often worn in combination with coral. The owners of such a necklace believed that amber brings good health and improves complexion.

Written Patserki were considered one of the most expensive at that time. A blown necklace made of multi-colored Murano glass was brought from Venice. It consisted mainly of one thread. Round beads were hand-painted with colored enamels and inlaid with gold.

Photo 1: wedding necklace. Glass, inlay, gilding, silver coins, copper bells, brass clasps. Hutsul region, second half of the 19th century. Photo 2: necklace “written patzerki”. Glass, inlay, painting, gilding. Hutsul region, 19th century. Photo source: honchar.org.ua. From the monograph by Annie Vrochinskaya “Ukrainian folk women’s jewelry of the 19th - early 20th centuries.”

They also made more affordable patserki from cheap multi-colored glass. Often beads of different colors were strung on one thread, which gave the product brightness and uniqueness.

Necklace 1930-1950. Author of the photo: Irina Haluschak.

Screwtape- this is how mother of pearl was simply called in everyday life. By folk beliefs, this decoration personified girlish innocence; it was worn “so that men would not trouble women.” In Ukraine, such a necklace was considered a curiosity, so it was quite expensive.

Salba- neck decoration, worn mainly in Bukovina. The basis was a fabric on which coins, mostly silver, were attached. The number of sewn coins often exceeded twelve rows. Such decorations are also an integral part national costumes Turkic peoples.

Clothing and jewelry (salba) from the fund. Photo source: twitter.com/Cherries_UP.

Dukach (Lichman)- the basis of such decoration were Austrian ducats or Russian rubles. The coin was hung from a metal bow decorated with stones. Also, instead of coins, metal images with images of the Mother of God and saints were used, which were often made in workshops at monasteries.

The dukach was always worn on top of a necklace in the most visible place. Women were very proud of this decoration; its presence testified to the property status of the hostess. Dukachs were passed down from generation to generation and, together with other jewelry, often made up the dowry of the future bride.

Corals with silver coins (Polish zlotys with Jadwiga 1932-1933).

Ducats are a type of necklace. Using a specially attached eyelet, coins were strung onto a colored wool thread, often combined with corals or beads, sometimes with silver crosses. They used silver or gold coins of royal mintage.

Zgarda- traditional Hutsul decoration of cult significance. Its basis is made of copper cast crosses, in the spaces between them there are tubes or spirals made of brass or copper. They were strung on a strap, lace or wire, from one to three threads. This decoration harmoniously combines paganism and Christianity - a metal cross and various religious ornaments. A large number of crosses on the zgarda indicated the prosperity of the family.

Scanned page from Oksana Kosmina’s book “Ukrainian People’s Assembly”, 2006.

• Necklace made of Venetian glass and amber, Carpathians.
• Women's chest decoration zgarda with crosses, Hutsul region.

Rustle- this jewelry was made and worn in the Hutsul region. The metal necklace consists of small round buboes (“rattles”), this ringing decoration is also called “Sorokovtsy”.

Beaded jewelry

Beadwork in Ukraine has a very long history. In our country, beads were known back in the days of Kievan Rus. For the first time, beads began to be made in the territory of Ancient Egypt. Artificial pearls made of opaque glass were called "busra" (plural "beads"). Beads came to Europe from Byzantium, and later from Venice. The period of greatest popularity of this decoration in Ukraine occurred at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. At that time, the main supplier of beads was the Czech Republic.

Beaded jewelry has become widespread in a significant part of the western regions of Ukraine and in some areas of the north and center.

Products made from cast colored beads perfectly complemented the outfit of Ukrainian peasant women. Such jewelry always looked elegant and delicate. They all differ in shape and color, as well as in execution technique. Beads were strung without a needle, only with thread; for this purpose, its tip was lubricated with wax to make it harder.

The most common were neck and chest decorations made of beads, these are gerdans and crises. Each of them had a certain ornament, color and local names. Very often the same decoration was called differently in different villages.

Decorations in the form narrow tape or a rounded lace collar were woven from colored beads on a hair or silk base.

Neck decorations made of beads were called “gerdans”, “gerdanki”, “edges”, “links”, “ladders”, “rows”, “navels”, etc.

In the photo is Gerdan. Pattern of the early 20th century, Snyatyn district, Ivano-Frankivsk region.

The names of clothing decorations come from the technique of stringing (strengthening) beads - “silyanki”, “silyovanki”, “silenki”. Interweaving of threads with beads among themselves - “braids”.

Reconstruction of an ancient “silyanka”, .

Krises are round beaded collars that covered the shoulders and chest of the young lady. Their width reached 20 cm or more. They mostly wore several collars of varying lengths and widths on holidays.

Ear jewelry

Ukrainian peasant women were very fond of a variety of earrings, this is one of oldest species traditional women's jewelry. At that time, girls' ears were pierced quite often. early age, often starting at age two. To do this, they used thin, sharp earrings that remained until the wound healed. Children wore mostly copper earrings, girls and respectable married women wore mostly silver, gilded or gold, everything depended on the property status of the family.

There are quite a lot of different folk beliefs associated with this decoration:

• people believed that wearing earrings helped remove headache;
• first wedding night the bride had to take off her earrings;
• during times of mourning or fasting, women wore modest hoop-shaped earrings;
• losing earrings was considered a bad sign; it foreshadowed misfortune.

At that time the range of earrings was quite diverse: chatterers, stomachs, forget-me-nots, snakes, knyshiks, teas, ducks, butterflies, berries, tops and others. Pendants - bolts, telipons - were often attached to earrings. In the Hutsul region, pear-shaped earrings were common.

Photo source: honchar.org.ua. Earrings in the photo:

• a) Poltava region, late 18th century.
• b) Cherkasy region, early 20th century.
• c) Earrings “balls with butterflies”. Cherkasy region, late 19th century.
• d) Cherkasy region, late 19th century.
• e) Chernihiv region, mid-18th century.
• e) Pendants for earrings. Chernihiv region, mid-18th century.

And yet the most popular were the so-called “months” and “crescents”, “inflated”, “donuts”. The shape was similar to a bent moon, suspended by the horns. They were flat and “blown”; the first ones were decorated with light engraving, often in the form of a branch with a flower framed in the form of small dots. Such earrings were worn mainly by married and elderly women.

Earrings from the private collection of S. Potapenko. Earrings from the late 19th - early 20th centuries, Chigirin region. Photo source: chigirinzapovidnyk.org.ua.

Where to see traditional Ukrainian jewelry

Works: all days except Tuesday. From 10:00 to 18:00.

Entrance: adults - 40 UAH. Students, pensioners - 20 UAH. Schoolchildren - 10 UAH.

Address: Lavrskaya street, 9, building 29.

Photo source: Kievtown.net.

• . The exhibitions of the center of folk culture highlight the beauty of folk life, the national and Christian ideals of Ukrainians.

Works: from Tuesday to Sunday. From 10:00 to 17:30.

Entrance: adults - 30 UAH. Students, pensioners and schoolchildren - 10 UAH.

Address: Lavrskaya street, 19.

Ukrainian jewelry, which was formed over many centuries, fortunately, has not lost its attractiveness. Modern fashionistas are increasingly using jewelry in the Ukrainian ethno style.

Today you can buy women’s jewelry with Ukrainian motifs, and even exact copies, in souvenir shops. Why not make the decoration yourself? You already know how our great-great-grandmothers made them.