Psychological climate in the family and styles family education.
Goals: 1. Development of the parents' need for acquisition psychological-pedagogical knowledge.
- Improving pedagogical culture.
- Information support for parents.
Equipment: report class teacher, presentation, tests for parents, questionnaire for students, reminders for parents.
Progress of the meeting:
Good afternoon, dear parents and guests!
Our meeting today is dedicated to family relations, the meeting agenda is as follows:
- Lecture by the class teacher.
- Results of the 3rd quarter.
- Miscellaneous.
- I took the words of L.N. Tolstoy as the epigraph to our conversation today:
“Happy is he who is happy at home.”
Why did you choose this topic?
Someone might say that it’s probably too late to talk about the psychological climate and styles of family educationin the 7th grade. First of all, it’s never too late to educate! Secondly, it is in grades 7-8 that students’ academic performance declines, and this largely depends on the psychological climate, both at school and at home. Thirdly, the children are now going through a rather difficult physiological period, and who else but parents and, of course, teachers should be extremely attentive to children and show maximum effort in the education process. It is easy to offend and injure a child at this age, but regaining trust will be very difficult.
If you use a psychologist’s technique, you can imagine that a child is a cup. ANDThe parents' task is to fill it.What kind of person do you want your child to be? What character traits should he have?
What qualities would you like to give him?
Probably each of you dreams that his child will grow up healthy, strong, smart, honest, fair, noble, caring, loving. And none of the parents would wish their child to become deceitful, hypocritical, and vile. It is not enough to fill the cup, it is important that it does not spill, does not break, but becomes even richer. The family in which your child lives should be one of the few places where the child can feel like an individual and receive confirmation of his importance and uniqueness. The family gives the first and main lessons of love, understanding, trust, and faith.
Yes, the topic of family has worried people at all times. Each family decides for itself how to raise its child. There is no consensus on this issue. Every adult can play a huge role in a child’s life - constructive or destructive. Most psychologists believe that the psychological health or ill-health of a child is inextricably linked with the psychological atmosphere, or climate of the family, and depends on the nature of relationships in the family. In familywith a favorable psychological climateeach of its members treats the others with love, respect and trust, their parents - also with reverence, and the weaker ones - with readiness to help at any moment. Important indicators of a family’s favorable psychological climate are the desire of its members to carry out free time V home circle, talk about topics that interest everyone, do homework together, emphasize the virtues and good deeds of everyone, and at the same time the openness of the family, its wide contacts. Such a climate promotes harmony, reduces the severity of emerging conflicts, relieves stress, increases the assessment of one’s own social significance and realizes the personal potential of each family member.
When family members experience anxiety, emotional discomfort, tension, alienation, and even conflict interpersonal relationships, they have a feeling of insecurity, in this case they talk aboutunfavorable psychological climatein family. All this prevents the family from fulfilling one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, relieving stress and fatigue, and also leads to depression, quarrels, mental tension, and a lack of positive emotions.This has a negative impact primarily on children,on their behavior, attitude towards others, academic performance.
The nature of intra-family relations, moral- psychological climate Families have a great influence on the development of a child’s personality. Having mastered the norms of behavior and relationships of their parents, children begin to build their relationships with loved ones in accordance with them, and then transfer the skills of these relationships to others.surrounding people, comrades, teachers.
Before the meeting I held anonymous a survey with children in our class to determine the psychological climate in families.You can see the results of the survey on the board.(Annex 1).
How to properly give what children expect from us? How to distinguish the wrong upbringing from the right one? And can upbringing be wrong at all?
What parenting methods and styles do we follow? Which one is the best? Or maybe a little bit of everything?
In the classification of parents' educational style, the most common
there are three: democratic (authoritative), liberal (permissive) and authoritarian, and the corresponding (response) children's characteristics. In the very general view it looks like this.
Now I will ask you to take a test to determine your parenting style. (The results will remain with you, and there is no need to voice them!)(Appendix 2.)
Now let’s move on to characterizing family parenting styles, and you will be able to determine the advantages and disadvantages of your style.
Democratic parents- proactive, kind children. Parents love and understand their children, often praise them, and, as a rule, do not punish them for mistakes; they explain why this should not be done. They react calmly to whims and firmly refuse to obey them. As a result, children grow up to be inquisitive, self-confident, sociable and with self-esteem.
Liberal parents -impulsive, aggressive children. Parents have almost no control over their children, allowing them to do whatever they want, including not paying attention to aggressive behavior. As a result, it becomes uncontrollable.
Parents establish strict control over the behavior of their children, believing that they must obey their will in everything. Punishment, as well as intimidation and threats are most often used as educational methods. Children are gloomy, anxious, and therefore unhappy.
In addition to parenting styles, psychologists have identified a huge number of types of parenting, but I want to draw your attention only to those types that negatively affect the child’s psyche:
"Family Idol"
Probably, any of us would not mind becoming an idol for at least someone, even if only for a moment... and, speaking about this type of upbringing, it involuntarily seems that the child is lucky: he is adored, he is truly loved, we love him not just, but without limit. Any whim of a child is law. In all his actions, his mother and father find only originality, and even the pranks of the “idol” are unique. Such a child, firmly believing in his exclusivity, grows up as a capricious, self-willed egoist, only consuming and not wanting to give in return.
While ahead of his peers in demands, the “idol” of the family often lags behind them in basic developmental skills: he is not able to wash and dress himself, parents relieve the child of all responsibilities. And this will affect later, when working life begins.
"Hyperprotection."
Such a child is deprived of independence and does not strive for it. The child is accustomed to obeying and following the advice of adults, who have thought through his whole life to the smallest detail, “developed” his route, unwittingly turning into dictators. Without realizing it, out of the best intentions, they dictate every step of the child and control him in everything, probably even in his thoughts. Raising him to the skies, they not only admire the child, but also “prepare” the child prodigy. He wants to live up to expectations. And in order for him to justify them, he is protected not only from the vicissitudes of fate, but also from the blow of any breeze. And since they protect him, it means that he really is of great value and, believing in this, the child elevates his person, day by day only immersing himself in the greenhouse climate of his family: overprotective
sparks creativity.
Living according to clues is existence. Quite often, overprotection leads to a violent reaction of protest
"Hypocustody."
Another extreme of our educational influences. The child is left to his own devices. He feels unwanted, superfluous, unloved. Parents only occasionally remember that he exists and pay minimal attention to him. And he is capable of anything for even a little attention. No one wants to satisfy his needs at all. Forced to think about himself, envying all the children
All this is reflected in the child’s psyche, and over time he suddenly begins to feel inferior. And this complex, the child’s own inferiority complex, haunts him throughout his life.
"Education in the cult of illness."
This type of parenting usually occurs when the child’s illness is quite serious. chronic disease or when parents, fearing that the child will suddenly fall ill, shake in horror over him, preventing all his desires, and he, perceiving every illness as his privilege, gives
him special rights, unwittingly speculates on the created situation and
abuses it.
He expects sympathy and compassion from everyone, and even “fights” for it. Such children, growing up, often find it difficult to adapt to reality.
They often choose the path of opportunists or sycophants. Their fate is that of weak-willed and pampered people.
How many of us parents have ever wondered which of these types we use? It's never too late to think and make adjustments to your style of communication with your child. After all, if today he is just on everything sprout which thirsts for moisture and warmth, then tomorrow it will give you fruits in which worms may appear, destroying them and you.
But which of us is not without sin? Everyone has a negative character trait that prevents us from being better people. The dignity of a person is that he admits his shortcomings and tries to correct them.
We should learn to control our actions and actions. Weigh every word, learn to love and understand your children, and the results will not take long to arrive.
“The main mistake of parents is that they try to raise their children without raising themselves!” L.N. Tolstoy.
And now, I offer you a few problem situations, let's try to find a way out of them.
Problem situation 1.
The daughter skips school, explaining to the teacher that she is caring for her sick grandmother.(“Today Maria Ivanovna called about your attendance. I was very ashamed during the conversation, and I would like to avoid these experiences.”
Problem situation 2.
Your child didn't do the cleaning his room, and guests come to you. ("I feel embarrassed when guests see your room like this; it looks much better tidied up.”)
Problem situation 3.
The son returned home later than usual.(Mom comes to the meeting and says: “When someone in the family comes later than we agreed, I worry so much that I can’t find a place for myself.”)
2. Results of the 3rd quarter. The quarter ended well. Out of 17 students:
Excellent student -1
With one “4” - 1
Khoroshistov -8
Dear parents, now I would like to ask you to express your opinions about our meeting.
If you have any questions, please ask.
I would like to end my speech with the words of the famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky:
“Loving your children, teach them to love you, if you don’t teach them, you will cry in old age - this, in my opinion, is one of the wisest truths of motherhood and fatherhood.”
And I want to give you reminders that may help you adjust your relationship with your children.(Appendix 3).
Thanks to all participants! And please always remember!
Family - this is what we share among everyone
A little bit of everything: tears and laughter
Rise and fall, joy, sadness
Friendship and quarrels, silence stamped.
Family is what is always with you
Let the minutes, seconds, years rush by.
But the walls are dear, your father's house
The heart will remain in it forever.
Appendix 1. Questionnaire for children.
Read the following statements. If you agree with the statement, put “yes”; if you disagree, put “no”.
1. Our family is very friendly.
2. On Saturdays and Sundays, we usually have breakfast, lunch and dinner together.
3. I feel very comfortable in my home.
4. I relax best at home.
5. If discord occurs in the family, then everyone quickly forgets about it.
7. Visits from guests usually have a beneficial effect on family relationships.
8. In the family, at least someone will always console me, encourage me, and inspire me.
9. In our family, everyone understands each other well.
10. When I leave home for a long time, I really miss my “native walls”.
11. Friends, having visited us, usually note the peace and tranquility in our family.
12. It’s customary for us to relax in the summer with the whole family.
13. We usually carry out labor-intensive tasks collectively - general cleaning, preparation for a holiday, work on summer cottage and so on.
14. A joyful, cheerful atmosphere prevails in the family.
15. It is customary in the family to apologize to each other for mistakes made or inconvenience caused.
16. I am always pleased with the order in our apartment.
17. Guests often come to us.
18 . The presence of certain family members usually throws me off balance.
19. There are circumstances in the life of our family that greatly destabilize relationships.
20. Some habits of some family members really irritate me.
21. There is a very unbalanced person in the family.
22. It has been noticed: visits from guests are usually accompanied by minor or significant conflicts in the family.
23. From time to time, strong scandals arise in our house.
24. The atmosphere at home often has a depressing effect on me.
25. In my family I feel lonely and useless.
26. The situation is rather painful, sad or tense.
27. In my family, I am annoyed by the fact that everyone or almost everyone in the house speaks in a raised voice.
28. The family is so uncomfortable that you often don’t want to go home.
29. I am often bullied at home.
30. When I come home, I often have this state: I don’t want to see or hear anyone.
31. Family relationships are very strained.
32. I know that some people in our family feel uncomfortable.
Data processing.
For each “yes” answer to 1-17, 1 point is awarded.
For each answer “no” in 18-32, 1 point is awarded.
Results:
The indicator “characteristics of the family’s biofield” can vary from 0 to 35 points.
0-8 points. Stable negative psychological climate. In these intervals there are families who recognize their life together as “difficult”, “unbearable”, “nightmarish”.
9-15 points. Unstable, variable psychological climate.
16-22 points. Uncertain psychological climate. It notes some "disturbing" factors, although overall a positive mood prevails.
23-35 points. Stable positive psychological climate of the family.
Appendix 2. Test for parents.
- What do you think determines character to a greater extent?
of a person - by heredity or upbringing?
A. Mainly by education.
B. A combination of innate inclinations and environmental conditions.
B. Mainly by innate inclinations.
2. How do you feel about the idea of children raising their parents?
A. This statement has no relation to reality.
B. I agree with this, provided that we must not forget about the role of parents as educators of their children.
V. I absolutely agree with this.
3. Do you think parents should educate their children about gender issues?
A. When the children are old enough, it will be necessary to start a conversation about this, and in school age the main thing is to take care of protecting them from immorality.
B. Of course, parents should do this first.
V. Nobody taught me this, life itself will teach me.
4. Should parents give their child pocket money?
A. It is better to regularly issue a certain amount and control expenses.
B. It is advisable to give out a certain amount for a certain period so that the child learns to plan expenses himself.
B. If he asks, you can give it.
5. What will you do if you find out that your child was offended by a classmate?
A. I’ll go to sort things out with the offender and his parents.
B. I will advise the child how best to behave in such situations.
B. Let him figure out his own relationships.
6. How do you react to your child's foul language?
A. I will punish you and try to protect you from communicating with ill-mannered peers.
B. I will try to explain that in our family, and indeed among decent people, this is not accepted.
B. A child has the right to express his feelings. Just think, we all know such words.
7. How will you react if you find out that your child lied to you?
A. I will try to bring him to light and shame him.
B. I’ll try to figure out what prompted him to lie.
B. If the reason is not too serious, I won’t get upset.
8. Do you think that you are setting a good example for your child?
A. Absolutely.
B. I try.
Q. I hope so.
Processing the results.
Count the number of answers corresponding to each letter.
Answers prevail A - authoritarian parenting style.
Most answers B - authoritative (democratic) parenting style.
Most replies IN - permissive parenting style.
Appendix 3.
Memo to parents.
If the child is constantly criticized, he learns….(hate)
If a child lives in enmity, he learns... ( be aggressive)
If the child grows in reproaches, he is studying… ( live with guilt)
If the child growing in tolerance, he learns... (to understand others)
If a child is praised, he learns... ( be noble)
If a child grows up in honesty, he learns... ( to be fair)
If the child growing up in safety, he learns... (to trust people)
If a child is supported, he learns... (to value himself)
If a child is ridiculed, he learns... (to be withdrawn)
If the child lives in understanding and friendliness, he is studying… ( be responsive, find love in this world.)
« Loving your children, teach them to love you, if you don’t teach them, you will cry in old age - this, in my opinion, is one of the wisest truths of motherhood and fatherhood.” V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Dobrynina understands the socio-psychological climate of the family as its generalized, integrative characteristic, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the spouses with the main aspects of the family’s life, the general tone and style of communication. The psychological climate in the family determines the stability of intrafamily relationships and has a decisive influence on the development of both children and adults. It is not something immutable, given once and for all. It is created by members of each family and it depends on their efforts whether it will be favorable or unfavorable and how long the marriage will last. Thus, a favorable psychological climate is characterized by the following features: cohesion, the possibility of comprehensive development of the personality of each member, high benevolent demands of family members towards each other, a sense of security and emotional satisfaction, pride in belonging to one’s family, responsibility. In a family with a favorable psychological climate, each member treats the others with love, respect and trust, also treats parents with reverence, and treats the weaker ones with readiness to help at any moment. Important indicators of a favorable psychological climate of a family are the desire of its members to spend free time in the home circle, talk about topics that interest everyone, do homework together, and emphasize the virtues and good deeds of everyone. Such a climate promotes harmony, reduces the severity of emerging conflicts, relieves stress, increases the assessment of one’s own social significance and realizes the personal potential of each family member. The initial basis for a favorable family climate is marital relationships. Living together requires from spouses a willingness to compromise, the ability to take into account the needs of the partner, to give in to each other, to develop such qualities as mutual respect, trust, and mutual understanding. When family members experience anxiety, emotional discomfort, and alienation, in this case they speak of an unfavorable psychological climate in the family. All this prevents the family from fulfilling one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, relieving stress and fatigue, and also leads to depression, quarrels, mental tension, and a lack of positive emotions. Domestic scientists also emphasize the increasing role of emotional factors in family functioning.
Stages of married life and features of interaction between spouses at different stages of the family cycle
At the first stage of family development, the fate of marriage is reflected in the following characteristics of the premarital period: place and situation of acquaintance; first impression of each other (positive, negative, ambivalent, indifferent); socio-demographic characteristics of those getting married themselves; duration of the courtship period; initiator of the marriage proposal; age of the future couple; parents' attitude towards their children's marriage. It has been established that the following are of positive importance for marriage: mutual first impression, acquaintance in a work or study situation, a courtship period of 1 to 1.5 years, the initiative of a marriage proposal on the part of a man, acceptance of a marriage proposal after a short (up to two weeks) deliberation. Special compensatory measures are required by such features of premarital relations as a negative first impression, a short (up to 6 months) or long (more than 3 years) period of courtship, disapproval of the choice by relatives, prolonged deliberation of the marriage proposal, as well as the manifestation of direct or indirect initiative (forced or provoked). ). First of all, we are talking about a woman’s pregnancy. Studies have shown that the likelihood of family breakdown with premarital pregnancy is approximately 2 times higher. This can be explained by the fact that: premarital pregnancy disrupts the process of adaptation of the bride and groom to marriage. The most important stage (in the presented classification it is the second) - the development of new marital roles, the formation of a family role structure - practically disappears from the normal course of development of relationships between a man and a woman. Young people immediately “jump to the next stage” family life related to the birth and upbringing of a child; the birth of a child sharply aggravates the economic problems of a still fragile family, causing tension in marital relationships, which result in quarrels, frequent conflicts and lead to a decision on divorce. European sociologists Anntila and Trost believe that a negative factor (from the point of view of divorce) is not just premarital pregnancy itself, but so-called “forced” and “hasty” marriages, the only reason for which is often the prospect of an early birth of a child. The second stage of marriage, which coincides with the first crisis period of family development, is characterized by conflicts of adaptation to each other, when two “I”s become one “We”
Difficulties arise in developing a unified family structure, disappointment in each other occurs as a result of shallow recognition during the period of premarital courtship, etc. At the third stage, conflicts are possible regarding the issue of child care: insufficient help from the husband; “double load” of the wife; conflicts with parents of young people regarding raising children; disagreements between spouses regarding interaction with children; difficulties determined by age-related crises in the development of the personality of the child (crisis of 3 years) and parents (the so-called crisis of the “meaning of life”, 30-33 years old). The fourth stage can be characterized by conflicts of monotony, monotony of communication. As a result of repeated repetition of the same impressions, the spouses become saturated with each other. This state is called hunger of feelings, when “satiety” sets in from old impressions and “hunger” for new ones (Rurikov). There may be disagreements about raising children. Disputes arise due to different ideas of spouses about discipline and methods of education, when one of them reproaches the other for excessive severity, cruelty, rudeness or, conversely, self-indulgence, as well as because of disagreements in assessing the actions of children. At this stage, like the previous one, the age crisis of children can play a particularly negative role ( adolescence, 10-11 years old). In addition, the “risk” factors of the fourth stage are betrayal and jealousy. At the fifth stage, the monotony of communication, jealousy, betrayal, relationships with children, problems associated with the professional self-determination of children, their choice of a marriage partner, etc., and the manifestation of an identity crisis in parents remain relevant. If adult children have created their own family and live with their parents, the latter may have disputes and conflicts about how the children “should” live (from the parents’ point of view). Conflicts can also be determined by age-related changes in spouses. The sixth stage of family development coincides with the third crisis associated with the departure of the last child from the family.
Hello, dear readers! In some families, people develop dynamically, while in others they constantly face problems. People generally believe that women are solely responsible for the atmosphere. It is in it that the main causes of conflicts lurk and it is she who does not know how to create “ family hearth" How far the views of psychologists are from the usual, everyday judgments.
What does the term hide?
Let's start with a definition.
The psychological climate in the family is the degree of satisfaction of both partners and their children with the manner of communication, interaction with each other and the main aspects. If one of the spouses is not satisfied with their material well-being, standard of living, or even the way they spend time together, all this affects their integration and psychological climate as a whole.
The development of children and adults, as well as, depends on the climate. The dissatisfaction of even one person can cause a general negative background.
How long the marriage will last and what it will be like depends on the efforts of both partners, as well as their children. What feelings do family members experience, how do they develop, and so on.
Classification
The psychological climate is usually divided into favorable and unfavorable. If family members can be called united, they try to help each other with advice and deeds, support each other in difficult situations and not only, then such an atmosphere will be considered favorable.
Mom, dad and children feel protected, they are proud that they are growing up with other “inhabitants of the house.” Each of them tests for the others: tries to help, fulfill.
In such a family love and love reigns. Everyone willingly shares their problems and tries to solve them: without shouting or aggression, because they trust and do not feel discomfort. This is far from a “fairy tale”. Some people really live like this. They trust and know that they will not be unreasonably “scold”, but in any case they will understand and try to find a way out.
One of the most important indicators of a favorable climate is the desire to talk, do something and encourage each other, and support, as well as improve self-esteem.
The basis of such an environment is the spouses’ satisfaction with their life together, the desire to seek and the ability to give in, as well as mutual understanding, respect for the needs of the other, and complete trust.
Not only adults, but also children in such an atmosphere begin to feel their own importance, conflicts with the outside world lose their relevance, everyone strives to realize their ideas and plans.
In such families, even when someone experiences emotional discomfort, everyone else, help and fatigue, prevent the emergence and fill life with positive emotions. These are the main functions of the family psychologically.
If all this is missing, and people begin to experience discomfort, the very existence of the family becomes problematic. Children and adults are increasingly dissatisfied with themselves, with life in general, with fatigue and stress. Such a climate is considered unfavorable.
There are two types of families according to the degree of turmoil. Conflict ones include those in which negative emotions prevail. The impact lasts a long time, is constantly present in everyone’s life and, as a rule, concerns. The reason is not a specific problem, people argue and quarrel, finding a new reason for this every time.
In problem families, there is one specific and objective situation. For example, lack of housing, serious illness, and so on. They try to maintain a common life, they need help in overcoming difficulties.
How to improve the environment at home
Create harmonious relationships not so simple, especially if only one person begins to set this goal. And yet, do not despair, he is capable of much. A little later others will definitely join him.
It would be difficult for me to tell you everything in one short article, so I’d better recommend books to you. In this case, the manual will be complete and comprehensive. Fragmentary knowledge is still not so useful.
One of best books about this theme "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families" by Stephen Covey. This bestselling author talks about what character traits you need to develop to achieve marital happiness.
Another interesting work by a domestic psychologist Artem Tolokonin "Secrets of successful families." This is not the first time I have recommended this book to my readers. Its distinctive feature is that it is written based on our realities. Russian society It is not in every way similar to a foreign one, it has its own specifics, and, of course, development and life happen in our own way.
You can find many more useful practices in the book of another domestic psychologist Irina Gavrilova-Dempsey “15 recipes” happy relationship without betrayal or betrayal." Where does a man’s love come from, how beliefs influence relationships between partners, what to do if you find yourself in trouble, and the answers to many other questions.
OK it's all over Now. All I have to do is say goodbye and remind you that you can subscribe to the mailing list to keep track of new publications. Until next time.
IN scientific literature synonyms for the concept of “psychological climate of the family” are “psychological atmosphere of the family”, “emotional climate of the family”, “socio-psychological climate of the family”. It should be noted that there is no strict definition of these concepts. For example, O. A. Dobrynina understands the socio-psychological climate of a family as its generalized, integrative characteristic, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the spouses with the main aspects of the family’s life, the general tone and style of communication.
The psychological climate in the family determines the stability of intrafamily relationships and has a decisive influence on the development of both children and adults. It is not something immutable, given once and for all. It is created by members of each family and it depends on their efforts whether it will be favorable or unfavorable and how long the marriage will last. Thus, a favorable psychological climate is characterized by the following features: cohesion, the possibility of comprehensive development of the personality of each member, high benevolent demands of family members towards each other, a sense of security and emotional satisfaction, pride in belonging to one’s family, responsibility. In a family with a favorable psychological climate, each member treats the others with love, respect and trust, also with respect for parents, and with readiness to help the weaker at any moment. Important indicators of a favorable psychological climate of a family are the desire of its members to spend free time in the home circle, talk about topics that interest everyone, do homework together, and emphasize the virtues and good deeds of everyone. Such a climate promotes harmony, reduces the severity of emerging conflicts, relieves stress, increases the assessment of one’s own social significance and realizes the personal potential of each family member. The initial basis for a favorable family climate is marital relations. Living together requires spouses to be willing to compromise, to be able to take into account the needs of their partner, to give in to each other, and to develop such qualities as mutual respect, trust, and mutual understanding.
When family members experience anxiety, emotional discomfort, and alienation, in this case they speak of an unfavorable psychological climate in the family. All this prevents the family from fulfilling one of its main functions - psychotherapeutic, relieving stress and fatigue, and also leads to depression, quarrels, mental tension, and a lack of positive emotions. If family members do not strive to change this situation for the better, then the very existence of the family becomes problematic.
Psychological climate can be defined as a more or less stable emotional mood characteristic of a particular family, which is a consequence of family communication, that is, it arises as a result of the totality of the mood of family members, their emotional experiences and worries, attitudes towards each other, towards other people, towards work, to surrounding events. It is worth noting that the emotional atmosphere of the family is important factor the effectiveness of the family’s vital functions, the state of its health in general, it determines the stability of the marriage.
Many Western researchers believe that in modern society the family loses its traditional functions, becoming an institution of emotional contact, a kind of “psychological refuge.” Domestic scientists also emphasize the increasing role of emotional factors in family functioning.
V. S. Torokhtiy speaks about the psychological health of the family and that this is “an integral indicator of the dynamics of vital functions for it, expressing the qualitative side of the socio-psychological processes occurring in it and, in particular, the ability of the family to withstand the undesirable influences of the social environment,” is not identical to the concept of “socio-psychological climate”, which is more applicable for groups (including small ones) of heterogeneous composition, which more often unite their members on the basis professional activity and whether they have ample opportunities to leave the group, etc. For a small group that has family ties, ensuring stable and long-term psychological interdependence, where the closeness of interpersonal intimate experiences is preserved, where the similarity of value orientations is especially significant, where not one, but a number of family goals are simultaneously highlighted, and the flexibility of their priority and targeting is maintained, where the main condition for its existence is integrity - more The term “family psychological health” is acceptable.
Psychological health- this is a state of mental and psychological well-being of a family, ensuring regulation of the behavior and activities of all family members that is adequate to their living conditions. To the main criteria for family psychological health B.C. Torokhtiy attributes the similarities family values, functional-role consistency, social-role adequacy in the family, emotional satisfaction, adaptability in microsocial relationships, commitment to family longevity. These criteria for the psychological health of the family create a general psychological portrait modern family and, above all, characterize the degree of her well-being.
Family traditions
Family traditions are the usual norms, behavior patterns, customs and views accepted in the family that are passed on from generation to generation. Family traditions and rituals are, on the one hand, one of important signs healthy (as defined by V. Satir) or functional (as defined by E. G. Eidemiller and other researchers) family, and, on the other hand, the presence family traditions is one of the most important mechanisms for transmitting the laws of intra-family interaction to the next generations of the family: the distribution of roles in all spheres of family life, the rules of intra-family communication, including ways to resolve conflicts and overcome emerging problems.
V. Satir believed that a healthy family is a family in which 1) each family member is perceived as equal to the others; 2) trust, honesty and openness are essential; 3) intrafamily communication is congruent; 4) family members support each other; 5) each family member bears his part of responsibility for the family as a whole; 6) family members relax, enjoy and rejoice together; 7) traditions and rituals occupy a significant place in the family; 8) family members accept the characteristics and uniqueness of each of them; 9) the family respects the right to privacy (to have personal space, to inviolability of private life); 10) the feelings of each family member are accepted and processed.
The system of traditional beliefs for the Russian national culture, according to senior schoolchildren, contains the belief that “a man and a woman in a family should fulfill different roles”, “a man is a stronghold of the family, a source of wealth and a protector, the one who solves problems”, “the main sphere woman’s activities in the family - housework and raising children”, “a woman must be patient, compliant and ready for self-sacrifice”, “parents are obliged to take care of raising children”, and “children must respect their parents”. As an important belief, a negative attitude towards marital infidelity is noted: “a husband and wife should be true friend each other, to love each other and support each other in joy and sorrow, in illness and in old age.”
Schoolchildren considered traditional forms of behavior in the family that “the right to make an offer to start a family belongs to the man (groom)”; “many family events (marriage, birth of children, death of family members) are covered by the church,” that is, there are wedding rites, baptism, funeral services; “The final word in resolving any issues belongs to the man.” The greatest difficulty was caused by the discussion leader’s question about what national traditions in raising children. In addition, it turned out that even those schoolchildren who know about the differences in religious rituals associated with family life (wedding, baptism of children) in various religious denominations do not know what exactly these differences are. The main difference is the “stricter subordination of the wife to her husband among Muslims”, “women in a Muslim family have fewer rights than in Orthodox families" Most schoolchildren were unable to explain the meaning of those rituals that they indicated as national family traditions: the meaning of wedding, baptism and funeral rites.
“This is certainly due to the fact that in 52% of families, parents and representatives of older generations either do not adhere to folk traditions and customs (more than 5%), or follow traditions inconsistently (47%). All this leads to the fact that the majority of schoolchildren (58.3%) are convinced that in their future family life they do not have to follow the customs and traditions of their people.”
Ethnocultural marriage and family traditions were one way or another persecuted and supplanted by unified requirements. Changing in accordance with the requirements of a higher order environment, the family preserves family traditions as one of the main ways of education and continuation of oneself. Family traditions bring all relatives closer together, making a family a family, and not just a community of relatives by blood. Home customs and rituals can become a kind of vaccination against the alienation of children from their parents and their mutual misunderstanding. Today, the only family tradition we have left is family vacations.
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Such a concept as the psychological climate in the family is rarely heard. Have you ever wondered why the seemingly strong marriages? Are you sure that your family is not in danger of breaking up? To find out the answers to these questions, you should understand what the socio-psychological climate in the family is.
This invisible phenomenon has a huge impact on every person. This is especially true for children. The psychological health of future members of society is at risk if some kind of discord occurs between relatives, that is, an unfavorable and abnormal attitude reigns in the family.
Psychological climate
Why was such a concept introduced? In fact, the psychological climate is a real factor in personal growth.
The emotional atmosphere is closely related to this concept. A favorable environment has a positive impact on each family member, contributes to their development and strengthening family relationships.
The socio-psychological climate in the family plays an important role in making important life decisions and making choices.
It is also a mistake to believe that home furnishings does not affect physical health. Psychologists around the world unanimously say that psychological problems are the source, the ancestor of most diseases, even the most common ones, such as colds.
This can be explained very simply. The nervous system is the core of the entire organism. If problems begin with it, the immune system suffers, that is, the protective forces cease to function. The body becomes susceptible to any external negative factor.
It is the moral and psychological climate of the family that ensures the health of the nervous system. From here we can draw a logical conclusion - close people can both save a person and destroy him.
Types of psychological climate
There is nothing complicated about this concept. There are only two types of psychological climate:
- Favorable.
- Adverse.
Understanding which of these types of psychological climate concerns your family is very simple. Answer yourself a series of questions. Do you live in harmony, listening to each other? Do you trust your family members? Do you want to spend your free time with your family? You can rest assured that a favorable psychological climate in the family is about you.
Such a unit of society is characterized by stability. Relationships in the family are not tense, everyone listens to each other, common interests and hobbies take place.
If you answered no to each of these questions, you need to urgently take measures to unite and save your marriage. An unfavorable moral and psychological climate in the family is extremely dangerous:
- Frequent conflicts lead to chronic stress.
- in such families, they rarely do not have psychological illnesses.
- and the children do not get along, which leads to tension in the house.
These factors, at first glance, are not dangerous. But the psychological climate is the health of the family. This is the core of a full-fledged social unit. You should think about the future of your family in order to avoid problems with your own morale in the future.
A little about children
As soon as a child is born, all the love and care of the parents is directed towards him. A new member of society is surrounded with attention. The psychological climate in the family determines how the child’s personality will develop. The religious values in your home will influence your child in many ways. Here are the factors for favorable development:
- Praise your child for his achievements, he will be grateful to you.
- Organize in the family so that the child learns to respect others.
- You must believe in your child so that he can be confident in himself.
- In difficult situations for your child, support him so that he does not feel alone.
- Emphasize your child’s strengths so that he can value himself.
- If you are restrained and patient with some of your baby's shortcomings, he will learn to accept the world just the way he is.
- Be honest with your family members, then the child will grow up fair.
- Give your baby love, be friendly with him, so that he can find positive things in the whole world.
This positive factors, which will help the child develop in the right direction, be in harmony with himself and the world around him, love life and loved ones. And most importantly, in the future he will be able to build his own family, full of care and love.
But there are also completely opposite factors. On the contrary, they will contribute to the child’s inability to become a full-fledged individual. So, get acquainted with the guide, which will tell you what not to do:
- Criticize your child more often so that he begins to hate people.
- Reproach your child for any reason so that he feels guilty all his life.
- Quarrel with your partner in front of the child, then he will learn to be aggressive.
- When your child fails at something, mock him in order to develop in him a feeling of isolation and uselessness.
As you can see, the psychological climate in the family plays a fundamental role in shaping the child’s personality. A stable psyche is the basis harmonious development. How to act and behave is up to you, but first think about it possible consequences your actions.
Where does gastritis come from?
Of course, an unfavorable psychological climate is not always the culprit of gastritis, but scientific research shows that digestive diseases are directly related to family relationships. Namely, with stress that arises against the background of conflicts and discord.
By creating a favorable atmosphere in your home, you will protect yourself not only from psychological diseases, but also from physical ones.
A little about longevity
While cosmetologists and dermatologists are trying to find a miracle cure that can prolong youth, Caucasian psychologists have already discovered it and are successfully using it.
The secret to the longevity of mountain dwellers is quite simple. They honor traditions, and one of them is respect for parents. This is especially true for older people. An environment is created around them so that they feel important.
Here it can no longer be said that the psychological climate in the family does not affect physical health.
Psychological climate and its impact on relationships
Based on all of the above, the unfavorable psychological climate of the family will sooner or later lead to its disintegration. Moreover, there may be plenty of reasons for this. When an emotionally tired person accumulates grievances for a long time, he can “explode” and leave the family because of a banal, tasteless breakfast, and blaming him for this is stupid.
As you know, to ruin a relationship, it’s enough to start sorting it out. Try to show through actions, not words, how important your family and loved ones are to you.
Social success
It's no secret that with appropriate emotional support from family and friends, people have much more reasons to strive to grow and become better. Motivation is the key to success. The psychological climate in the family creates the foundation for the future achievements of a person as an individual.
Statistically, children who grow up in unfavorable environments are less successful in life than their peers. happy friends. This is understandable, because a person will not have energy left for new achievements if it is all spent on anger, resentment and family conflicts.
Is it possible to improve the situation?
Initially, a favorable psychological climate is formed when two mature individuals enter into an alliance, ready to be support and support for each other.
But if the marriage has already been concluded and the situation is ruined, it is important to work on the mistakes. It is necessary to start a dialogue during which each family member expresses their grievances, complaints and misunderstandings. This should be done calmly, listening to each other as much as possible.
Based on such communication, you need to compromise, find golden mean, which will suit all family members.
If you cannot reach agreement in this way, try inviting a psychologist home. He will find the problems of your union and eliminate them as gently and unobtrusively as possible. But this should only be done with the consent of all family members.
Instead of output
As you can see, the psychological climate is what determines its value, the importance of these relationships. Only the willingness to accept relatives as they are, with all their weaknesses and shortcomings, will help build a strong union.
When problems arise, you should not immediately give up on the relationship. There are many cases where, after overcoming difficulties, the family became even more united. But this requires the desire of each member.
