Providing the right to citizens to receive an early old-age pension is a benefit for the population of our state. This right means that a citizen has the right to receive pension benefits without reaching retirement age: women 55 years old, men 60 years old. This right is granted by Art. 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” for the following citizens:

1) women who have given birth to five or more children and raised them until they reach the age of eight years, upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have an insurance period of at least 15 years; one of the parents of disabled people from childhood, who raised them until they reach the age of eight years: for men upon reaching the age of 55 years, for women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have an insurance period of at least 20 and 15 years, respectively; guardians of disabled people from childhood or persons who were guardians of disabled people from childhood, who raised them until they reached the age of 8 years, an old-age labor pension is assigned with a decrease in the age provided for by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” (women 55 years old, men 60 years old) by one a year for every one year and six months of guardianship, but not more than five years in total, if they have an insurance period of at least 20 and 15 years, respectively, men and women;

2) women who have given birth to two or more children, upon reaching the age of 50, if they have an insurance record of at least 20 years and have worked for at least 12 calendar years in the Far North or at least 17 calendar years in equivalent areas;

3) disabled people due to military injury: men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have an insurance period of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

4) visually impaired people who have limited ability to labor activity III degree: for men upon reaching the age of 50 years and women upon reaching the age of 40 years, if they have an insurance period of at least 15 and 10 years, respectively;

5) citizens with pituitary dwarfism (midgets) and disproportionate dwarfs: men upon reaching the age of 45 years and women upon reaching the age of 40 years, if they have an insurance period of at least 20 and 15 years, respectively;

6) men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked for at least 15 calendar years in the Far North or at least 20 calendar years in equivalent areas and have an insurance record of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively .

For citizens who worked both in the Far North and in equivalent areas, a labor pension is established for 15 calendar years of work in the Far North. At the same time, each calendar year work in areas equated to the regions of the Far North is considered to be nine months of work in the regions of the Far North.

Citizens who have worked in the regions of the Far North for at least seven years and six months are assigned a labor pension with a reduction in the age established by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” by four months for each full calendar year of work in these regions. When working in areas equated to the regions of the Far North, as well as in these areas and regions of the Far North;

7) persons who have worked for at least 15 years as rescuers in professional emergency rescue services, professional emergency rescue units of the Ministry Russian Federation in cases of civil defense, emergency situations and disaster relief and those who participated in the response to emergency situations, upon reaching the age of 40 years or regardless of age;

8) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they were employed in work with convicted persons as workers and employees of institutions executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment, respectively, for at least 15 and 10 years and have insurance experience at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

9) men and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked for at least 25 years in positions of the State Fire Service ( fire department, fire and emergency rescue services) of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief.

The following provisions sub. 10, 11 and 12 paragraph 1 art. 28 to the extent that in the system of current legal regulation of pension provision they do not allow inclusion in the length of service giving the right to early assignment of a pension in accordance with these subparagraphs, periods of activity in institutions that are not state or municipal are recognized as inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Since in accordance with Part 3 of Art. 79 of the Federal Constitutional Law of July 21, 1994 No. 1-FKZ “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”, acts or their individual provisions recognized as unconstitutional lose force until proper legal regulation is established when applying from persons specified in subparagraph. 10, 11 and 12 paragraph 1 art. 28, for the appointment of a labor pension according to old age and for In deciding whether they have length of service entitling them to such a pension, periods of their work in institutions that were not state or municipal must be counted towards the relevant length of professional activity defined in sub-clause. 10, 11 and 12 paragraph 1 art. 28 Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”;

10) persons who have carried out teaching activities in government and government agencies for at least 25 years municipal institutions for children, regardless of their age;

11) persons who have carried out medical and other activities to protect public health in state and municipal health care institutions for at least 25 years in rural areas and urban-type settlements and for at least 30 years in cities, rural areas and urban-type settlements, or only in cities, regardless of their age;

12) persons who have carried out creative activities on stage in state and municipal theaters or theatrical and entertainment organizations (depending on the nature of such activities) for at least 15–30 years and have reached the age of 50–55 years or regardless of age;

13) men upon reaching the age of 50 years, women upon reaching the age of 45 years, permanently residing in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, who have worked, respectively, for at least 25 and 20 years as reindeer herders, fishermen, and commercial hunters.

The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On lists of jobs, professions, positions, specialties and institutions, taking into account which an old-age labor pension is assigned early, taking into account Article 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”” establishes lists of works, professions and positions and lists of positions and specialties that are taken into account when calculating early old-age pension:

1) persons who worked as rescuers in professional emergency rescue services, professional emergency rescue units of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief and participated in the liquidation of emergency situations - lists of positions and specialties of employees, constantly who worked as rescuers in professional emergency rescue services, professional emergency rescue units and participated in the liquidation of emergency situations, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 1, 2001 No. 702 “On approval of positions and specialties of employees of professional emergency rescue services, professional emergency rescue formations that give the right to a pension due to special working conditions and to a pension for long service.” However, in accordance with the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”, this resolution applies only when calculating early pensions, and not for length of service;

2) to persons who were employed in work with convicts as workers and employees of institutions of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment - a list of jobs, professions and positions of employees of institutions executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment, employed in work with convicts, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 3, 1994 No. 85 “On approval of the list of jobs, professions and positions of employees of institutions executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment, employed in work with convicts, enjoying the right to a pension in connection with special working conditions";

3) persons who carried out creative activities on stage in state and municipal theaters or theatrical and entertainment organizations (depending on the nature of such activities) - a list of professions and positions of employees of theaters and other theatrical and entertainment enterprises and groups, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated August 28, 1991 No. 447 “On approval of the list of professions and positions of employees of theaters and other theatrical and entertainment enterprises and groups, creative work which gives the right to a pension for long service.” However, in accordance with the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”, this resolution applies only when calculating early pensions, and not for length of service.

According to Art. 27 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”, the assignment of an old-age pension before reaching retirement age is also carried out to the following persons:

1) men upon reaching the age of 50 years and women upon reaching the age of 45 years, if they have worked, respectively, for at least 10 years and 7 years 6 months in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops and have an insurance record of at least 20 and 15 years old.

If these persons have worked in the listed jobs for at least half of the period established above and have the required duration insurance period, a labor pension is assigned to them with a decrease in the age established by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” by one year for each full year such work - for men and women;

2) men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked in jobs with difficult working conditions for at least 12 years, six months and 10 years, respectively, and have an insurance period of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively.

If these persons have worked in the listed jobs for at least half of the established period and have the required length of insurance experience, they are assigned a labor pension with a reduction in the age provided for by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” by one year for every four years and six months such work for men and for every two years of such work for women;

3) women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked as tractor drivers in agriculture, other sectors of the economy, as well as as drivers of construction, road and loading and unloading machines for at least 15 years and have an insurance record of at least 20 years ;

4) women upon reaching the age of 50, if they have worked for at least 20 years in the textile industry in work with increased intensity and severity;

5) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked respectively for at least 12 years, 6 months and 10 years as working locomotive crews and workers of certain categories directly organizing transportation and ensuring traffic safety on railway transport and subway, as well as as drivers of trucks directly in the technological process in mines, open-pit mines, mines or ore quarries for the removal of coal, shale, ore, rock and have an insurance experience of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

6) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked, respectively, for at least 12 years 6 months and 10 years in expeditions, parties, detachments, at sites and in teams directly on field geological exploration, prospecting, topographic-geodetic, geophysical, hydrographic, hydrological, forest management and survey work and have insurance experience of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

7) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked respectively for at least 12 years 6 months and 10 years as workers, foremen (including senior ones) directly in logging and rafting, including servicing mechanisms and equipment, and have insurance experience of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

8) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked, respectively, for at least 20 and 15 years as machine operators (docker-mechanizers) of complex crews for loading and unloading operations in ports and have an insurance record of at least 25 and 20 years;

9) men upon reaching the age of 55 years, women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked respectively for at least 12 years 6 months and 10 years as a crew member on ships of the sea, river fleet and fishing industry fleet (with the exception of port ships permanently operating in port waters, service and auxiliary and traveling vessels, suburban and intracity traffic vessels) and have an insurance record of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively;

10) men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked as drivers of buses, trolleybuses, trams on regular city passenger routes for at least 20 and 15 years, respectively, and have an insurance record of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively. ;

11) persons directly employed full-time in underground and open-pit mining (including personnel of mine rescue units) in the extraction of coal, shale, ore and other minerals and in the construction of mines and mines, regardless of age, if they worked in the specified work at least 25 years, and for workers of leading professions - longwall miners, drifters, jackhammer operators, mining machine operators, if they have worked in such work for at least 20 years;

12) men and women who have worked respectively for at least 25 and 20 years on ships navy fishing industry in the production, processing of fish and seafood, receiving finished products in fishing (regardless of the nature of the work performed), as well as on certain types of vessels of the sea, river fleet and fishing industry fleet;

13) men who have worked for at least 25 years and women who have worked for at least 20 years as civil aviation flight personnel, and when leaving flying work for health reasons - men who have worked for at least 20 years and women who have worked for at least 15 years in the specified composition of civil aviation;

14) men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked in direct control of civil aviation flights for at least 12 years 6 months and at least 10 years, respectively, and have an insurance period of at least 25 and 20 years;

15) men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching the age of 50 years, if they have worked in engineering and technical personnel in direct maintenance of civil aviation aircraft for at least 20 and 15 years, respectively, and have insurance experience in civil aviation, respectively, for at least 25 and 20 years.

In the Russian Federation, 60% of the territory belongs to the regions of the North. Out of 12 major cities located in the Far North, 11 are in Russia, where about 8% of the country’s population (more than 11 million people) live and work. In total, about more than 16% of the country's population (24 million people) live in these areas. The regions of the Far North are a serious base for the country's industrial production.

In this regard, the issue of providing guarantees and compensation to citizens working in difficult northern conditions has become one of the socially and economically significant in our state.

Since the 1930s, these issues have been resolved at the level of state power and only recently have they begun to be partially resolved at the level of legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

One of the main types of compensation is the so-called “ northern pensions", the basis for the emergence of the right to which is seniority in the regions of the North. The issue of pension provision for citizens working in these territories currently has a number of features.

Payments of pensions to northerners are carried out in accordance with the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”, the Federal Law “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation”, the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Guarantees and Compensations for Persons Working and Living in the Far North and Equivalent Territories” . An early retirement pension for old age is assigned to men upon reaching the age of 55 years and women upon reaching 50 years of age, if they have worked for at least 15 calendar years in the Far North or at least 20 calendar years in equivalent areas and have an insurance period of at least 25 years, respectively. and 20 years.

For citizens who worked both in the Far North and in equivalent areas, a labor pension is established for 15 calendar years of work in the Far North. Moreover, each calendar year of work in areas equated to the regions of the Far North is counted as nine months of work in the regions of the Far North. Citizens who have worked in the Far North for at least seven years and six months are granted a labor pension with an age reduction of four months for each full calendar year of work in these areas.

Those working in the Far North have advantages over other citizens in the conversion (conversion of pension rights into estimated pension capital as of January 1, 2002) of pension rights (clause 6 of Article 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions”).

Regional coefficient and percentage markup represent two various types payments that differ from each other in purpose and procedure for determining the amounts. The regional coefficient is established for each specific region, is taken into account in all cases of calculating the average salary and is paid regardless of length of service in order to compensate citizens for expenses caused by working and living in special climatic conditions. Regional coefficients are established by the information letter of the Department of Pensions of the Ministry of Labor and social development Russian Federation dated June 9, 2003 No. 1199-16, Department of Income and Living Standards of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 2003 No. 670-9, Pension Fund of the Russian Federation dated June 9, 2003 No. 25– 23/5995.

The percentage bonus, unlike regional coefficients, performs stimulating functions and is accrued depending on continuous experience work in the northern regions.

For persons living in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas in which regional coefficients for wages are established, the ratio of the average monthly earnings of the insured person to the average monthly wage in the Russian Federation (ZR / ZP) taken into account in the following sizes:

1) not more than 1.4 - for persons living in regions and localities in which a regional coefficient of up to 1.5 has been established for the wages of employees;

2) not more than 1.7 - for persons living in regions and localities in which a regional coefficient of 1.5 to 1.8 is established for the wages of employees;

3) not more than 1.9 - for persons living in regions and localities in which a regional coefficient of 1.8 or higher is established for the wages of employees.

Moreover, if different regional wage coefficients are established, the wage coefficient in force in a given region or locality for workers and employees in non-production industries is taken into account.

The ratio of the average monthly earnings of a pensioner to the average monthly wage in the Russian Federation (ZR / ZP) is taken into account in the above amounts, regardless of the place of residence of these persons outside the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas.

The estimated size of the labor pension is determined by the following formula:

ZR – average monthly earnings of the insured person for 2000–2001 according to individual (personalized) records in the state pension insurance system or for any 60 consecutive months based on documents issued in in the prescribed manner relevant employers or state (municipal) bodies;

Salary– average monthly salary in the Russian Federation for the same period (2000–2001 – 1494 rubles 50 kopecks);

SZP – average monthly salary in the Russian Federation for the period from July 1 to September 30, 2001 (1,671 rubles) for calculating and increasing the size of state pensions, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

SK– length of service coefficient, which for insured persons (except for disabled persons with a disability of the first degree) is 0.55 and increases by 0.01 for each full year of total work experience in excess of the duration specified in this paragraph, but not more than by 0.20.

As already noted, when converting pension rights, some categories of northerners were given a significant benefit, namely that they have the right to more high attitude earnings – from 1.4 to 1.9. The above increased earnings ratio applies:

1) for persons living as of January 1, 2002 in the regions of the Far North or equivalent areas;

2) for persons, regardless of their place of residence, men who have reached the age of 55 years, and women who have reached the age of 50 years, if as of January 1, 2002 they have worked for at least 15 calendar years in the Far North or at least 20 calendar years in areas equivalent to them and have an insurance period of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively, as of the specified date.

When classifying certain districts and localities as regions of the Far North and localities equated to them, the List of regions of the Far North and localities equated to regions of the Far North, approved by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 10, 1967 No. 1029.

For persons living in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas as of January 1, 2002, an increased earnings ratio is determined depending on the size of the regional coefficient established for the wages of workers in the region or area where the relevant persons live.

For persons living outside the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas as of January 1, 2002, as well as outside the territory of the Russian Federation, an increased earnings ratio is determined on the basis of information on earnings for periods, i.e. for 2000–2001 gg. or for any 60 consecutive months before January 1, 2002, including periods of work in the Far North and equivalent areas. At the same time, the earnings for these periods must include payments according to the regional coefficient for periods of work in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas lasting at least one full month.

In the case where earnings are presented with regional coefficients of different sizes, to determine the size of the increased earnings ratio, the latest regional coefficient at the time of receipt, accrued to the presented salary during the period of work in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, is taken into account.

When citizens leave the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas for a new place of residence, the amount of the basic part of the old-age labor pension is determined on a general basis. When citizens move to a new place of residence in other regions of the Far North and equivalent areas in which other regional coefficients are established, the size of the basic part of the old-age labor pension is determined taking into account the size of the regional coefficient at the new place of residence.

For persons who have worked for at least 15 calendar years in the regions of the Far North and have an insurance period of at least 25 years for men or at least 20 years for women, the amount of the basic part of the old-age labor pension is set in the amount of 2,691 rubles. per month.

Persons who worked both in the regions of the Far North and in areas equivalent to them, when determining the number of calendar years of work in areas of the Far North in order to establish the size of the basic part of the old-age pension for each calendar year of work in areas equivalent to areas of the Far North, is considered to be nine months of work in the Far North.

For this category of citizens who have reached the age of 80 years or are disabled people with a III degree limitation in their ability to work, the amount of the basic part of the old-age labor pension is set in the amount of 5,850 rubles. per month.

The issue has now been resolved for those who, having left the regions of the Far North, are currently living in another area. Now, this category of citizens retains the regional coefficient that was in effect in the area where the pension was assigned, regardless of where this person currently lives.

In addition, the insurance period, along with periods of work and other activities, again includes the period of care of one of the parents for each child until he reaches the age of one and a half years, but not more than three years in total, as well as the period of military service and other equivalent service. services. Pensioners with work experience in the North and who left the Far North before August 2001 received the right to recalculate their pensions taking into account the increased ratio wages in the amount of 1.4–1.9.

Small-numbered peoples of the North are among the recipients of social pensions. Social pension received by citizens from among the small peoples of the North (less than 50 thousand people and who recognize themselves as independent ethnic communities), who have reached the age of 55 and 50 years (men and women, respectively), who are not entitled to a labor pension or a state pension.

There is the issue of pension provision for northerners who have left for permanent residence in other countries. The question mainly concerns citizens of Ukraine.

Yes, according to information Pension Fund Ukraine, Law of Ukraine “On Pension Security” the provision of pensions to workers of the Far North on preferential terms is not provided. But this issue is resolved by the Interim Agreement between the governments of Ukraine and the Russian Federation on guarantees of the rights of citizens who worked in the regions of the Far North and in areas equated to the regions of the Far North in the field of pensions (concluded on January 15, 1993). In accordance with Art. 1 of the Temporary Agreement, persons residing on the territory of Ukraine and having work experience of 15 calendar years in the regions of the Far North or 20 years in areas equated to the Far North, pensions are assigned with a reduction in the generally established retirement age by five years. For men - upon reaching 55 years of age with a total work experience of at least 25 years; for women - upon reaching 50 years of age with a total work experience of at least 20 years. At the same time, the part of the pension corresponding to the length of work experience before January 1, 1991 is calculated according to the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On Pensions”, if there is no preferential length of service according to list No. 1. And the part of the pension that corresponds to the length of work experience developed in the regions of the Extreme North, starting from January 1, 1991, is calculated according to the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The possibility of compensation by the Russian side for the difference between Ukrainian and Russian pensions is currently being discussed.

In accordance with previously existing law enforcement practice, periods of work in Soviet (Russian) Antarctic expeditions and on the Spitsbergen archipelago, although not provided for in the List of regions of the Far North and areas equated to regions of the Far North (approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated November 10, 1967 No. 1029). To date, this practice continues.

Before registration in the individual (personalized) accounting system, a document confirming work in the regions of the Far North and places equivalent to it is a work book. If the location of the organization is clear from the seals and stamps in the work book, you should not be required to submit additional documents. In other cases, a document (archival certificate, standard contract) is required specifying the place of work.

Previously, the issue of work in the Far North on a rotational basis was regulated by Decree No. 794/33-82 of December 31, 1987 “On approval of the basic provisions on the rotational method of organizing work.” Currently it is regulated by paragraph. 2 clause 8 of the Rules for calculating periods of work giving the right to early assignment of an old-age labor pension in accordance with Art. 27 and 28 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 11, 2002 No. 516.

In accordance with the specified Rules, periods of work on a rotational basis in the regions of the Far North and places equivalent to it in case of early assignment of an old-age labor pension in accordance with sub-clause. 6 clause 1 art. 28 of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ are calculated in calendar order, including working time:

1) directly on site;

2) the time of rest between shifts in the rotation camp;

3) travel time from the employer’s location or from the collection point to the place of work and back.

Thus, as before, periods of inter-shift time are not included in the length of service in the regions of the Far North and places equivalent to it, even in cases where the employee permanently resides in these regions and localities.

The time spent working on a rotational basis in the regions of the Far North and places equivalent to it must be counted towards the specified length of service in calendar order on the basis of documents containing information about the periods of work and the time spent in transit from the collection point to the place of work and back.

Military service does not count toward the calendar 15–20 years of work in the Far North and similar areas.

In order to correctly process and receive your pension on time, you need to know which documents must be submitted to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. The Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, in agreement with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal Archive Service of Russia, issued Resolution No. 16, No. 19pa dated February 27, 2002, which approved the list of documents necessary to establish a labor pension and pensions for state pensions in accordance with the Federal Laws “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” and “On State Pensions in the Russian Federation”.

First of all, a citizen applies to his territorial branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation with an application to assign him a pension with the obligatory indication that it is early. When applying for an early pension, a citizen must attach a number of documents to the application. These are the documents:

1) confirming experience in the relevant types of work;

2) about the birth of a child;

3) on raising a child up to the age of eight;

4) confirming that the child was recognized as disabled since childhood or a disabled child;

5) recognition as disabled due to military injury;

6) on recognition as a visually impaired person with a third degree limitation in the ability to work;

7) about the presence of the disease (citizens suffering from pituitary dwarfism (Lilliputians), and disproportionate dwarfs);

8) about work in the Far North and equivalent areas.

In addition, every citizen must present a document proving his identity. As a document confirming the identity, age and citizenship of the person to whom the pension is established, the passport of this person is presented. A military ID is presented as a document proving the identity and age of soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen undergoing military service upon conscription. As documents certifying the age and citizenship of minors under 14 years of age, a birth certificate, an adoption certificate, as well as other documents confirming citizenship of the Russian Federation are presented.

A death certificate or other document containing the necessary information (if the age is not indicated in the death certificate) is accepted as a document certifying the age of the deceased breadwinner. As a document confirming the place of residence of a citizen applying for a pension, a passport is presented (certificate of registration of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation, issued by the registration authorities of the Russian Federation). As a document confirming the residence of a citizen of the Russian Federation who has applied for a pension, a certificate of registration of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation issued by the registration authorities of the Russian Federation is accepted. A document confirming the place of actual residence of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation is his personal statement (clause 15 of the List of documents required to establish a labor pension and a state pension in accordance with the Federal Laws “On Labor Pensions” and “On State Pension”). pension provision in the Russian Federation").

Monthly receipt of funds for personal maintenance is issued upon reaching a certain age and completing the work experience. However, there are some exceptions; in particular, the right to early retirement. Which categories of citizens have the opportunity to receive early cash payments? How to retire early due date? All these questions will be answered in detail in the article.

general characteristics

Unfortunately, not all citizens have sufficient legal culture. That is why many workers are not aware of some of the nuances of the current legislation regulating the right to early retirement. All benefits, rights, additional payments and many other important legal elements are secured, first of all, in Labor Code RF. But besides this, it is also worth highlighting a large number of Government decrees and regulations (in particular, the Federal Law on assessing working conditions). All presented regulations regulate the following concept.

Early retirement (Article 27 of the Federal Russian Federation) is a direct connection with the professional activity of a particular person, carried out under specific production conditions or stipulated by certain social norms.

Thus, a person who carries out his labor activity in production with unusual working conditions has the right not only to various types of benefits, but also to early payments. In this case, the profession must be truly “harmful”: full list heavy jobs was approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR, but has remained virtually unchanged to this day. Who retires early? This will be discussed further below.

Early old age pension: who is entitled?

An early pension is the option of receiving monthly payments, in which the permitted age will not reach more than 2 years later. Persons who are in a Russian employment center as unemployed, as well as those who have appropriate work experience (20 years for females and 25 years for males), can apply for such a pension. Respectively, early retirement in the Russian Federation is issued only to those persons who meet the above criteria.

The presence of harmful or difficult working conditions in work invariably entails the possibility of receiving an early pension. Harmful working conditions are considered to be physical or psychological stress, and more recently, work in the Far North. Russian legislation establishes the possibility of obtaining so-called shortened work experience. It is thanks to him that it will be possible to receive early pension payments.

It is also worth noting that the worker has any serious illnesses. If continuing to work is impossible due to health reasons, then early retirement can be issued only if a special medical report is provided to the employment center.

List of hazardous professions

If an employee carries out his labor activity in a job with harmful characteristics of work, then the possibility of early retirement increases significantly. Which professions fall under the category of “harmful”? Since Soviet times, a classification has been preserved that allows one to accurately determine the degree of severity of labor. Thus, there are four levels of professional activity:

The issuance of each such degree is possible only if attention is paid to the following points:

• increased dust content in the air, the presence of dirt;
• poor quality lighting;
• loud noises;
• harmful radiation;
• working with harmful microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, chemicals, etc.;
• increased vibrations;
• high level of humidity;
• too low or too heat air;
• duration of stress in work activity and much more.

From all the presented criteria comes another classification: list 1 - these are professions with a critical degree of harm, and list 2 - certain types of heavy professions and positions. Both of these lists can be easily found on the official website of the Ministry of Labor.

Categories of citizens

Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 400 contains more than 20 points, which indicate both the conditions for early retirement and some professions in which one can qualify for early retirement. What exactly is worth highlighting here? Here are some of the specialties specified in the law:

• railway workers;
• search engines and geological prospectors;
• miners;
• public transport drivers;
• workers of river and sea vessels;
• aviation workers;
• rescue workers;
• persons working underground (miners, metro workers, etc.);
• workers in the field of execution of punishments (prison workers);
• teachers;
• community health workers;
• theater workers and some other workers.

Among other things, special categories of citizens are distinguished here:

• (raising more than five children);
• visually impaired;
• persons injured as a result of hostilities;
• dwarfs and midgets;
• workers of the Far North.

All of the above persons can receive an early pension. At what age is retirement possible? This will be discussed further below.

Conditions for early retirement

How to apply early First, you should pay attention to the following conditions:

If the appropriate conditions are met, it is worth paying attention to the contents of the so-called lists 1 and 2, mentioned above. Thus, a woman belonging to list 1 has the right to a pension upon reaching 53 years of age, with a total working experience of 15 years. The duration of work in hazardous production should not be less than seven years. In accordance with List 2, a woman can apply for a pension from the age of 45. The working experience should not be less than 20 years.

What do the lists say about male workers? In accordance with List 1, a man who has reached 50 years of age can apply for a pension after accumulating 20 years of service. List 2 sets minimum age an employee aged 55 and 25 years of work experience (12 in hazardous conditions).

Thus, it can not be issued by all persons, but only by those who meet the above criteria.

Early pension in the Russian Federation: registration procedure

What actions need to be taken to receive early pension payments? First, you should contact your local Employment Center with a corresponding application. They will give you a document that you need to fill out. The authority will definitely help you prepare the paper in a high-quality manner. Within a month, the Employment Center will provide the citizen with a response - with consent to carry out further work or with a justified refusal.

What do you need to provide to the Employment Center in addition to the application? As a rule, these should be the following documents:

• passport and its photocopy;
• military ID;
• child’s birth certificate (if the employee has children);
• original and copy of work book.

The Employment Center may also request the following documents:

• certificate of dependents;
• address statement (about place of residence);
• disability certificate;
• certificate of upbringing of a child under eight years of age;
• document on family composition;
• certificate or certificates of guardianship.

The authority may request many other certificates - for example, individual documents from work. It is very important to fill out all the papers correctly and correctly, check for the presence of seals and signatures.

Citizen's rights

The question of how to retire early is regulated by many Russian laws. federal laws. What rights does a citizen who plans to retire early have?

A citizen is able to demand from his employer all the necessary documentation necessary for transfer to the employment center or the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Moreover, the employer of the enterprise must confirm preferential length of service working person. If the employer for some reason does not do this, then such a task is assigned to the relevant government body.

As soon as the employee receives a pension insurance certificate, all information about his “movements” will be taken into account by the Russian Pension Fund.

It is also worth citing the classic formula for calculating early retirement:

SP = PK*S*K+FV*K

• FV - basic payment;
• C - the cost of one coefficient at the time of registration of a pension;
• PC is the total amount of pension type coefficients earned;
• K - increasing indices to PV.

All persons who have correctly completed the necessary papers at the Employment Center and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation retain the right to receive an early retirement pension.

Downsizing or liquidation of an enterprise

It is far from uncommon for situations when an employee of pre-retirement age suddenly loses his job. The reason for dismissal may be in the organization, the elimination of jobs and much more. Naturally, almost no organization expresses a desire to hire a person who has very little time left before retirement. The situation, I must say, is very uncomfortable, and often completely hopeless. Still, the citizen wants to “finish off” his work experience, but there are no opportunities for this. What to do in such situations? This is where you should ask yourself the question of how to retire early. The first thing to do is to compare your indicators with those required for early payments, compare past working conditions with the required “harmfulness”. At what age do people retire early? As already mentioned, men must not be less than 58 years old, and women must not be less than 53 years old. The following conditions must also be met:

• dismissal from work was based only on staff reduction or job elimination ( own wish and medical indicators are not taken into account);
• having a certain length of service (25 years for men and 20 years for women);
• the citizen is a member of the employment service;
• There are no suitable vacancies on the labor exchange.

If citizens have offenses that lead to the termination social payments, then you shouldn’t expect early retirement.

Can they refuse?

Quite often, the Employment Center or the Pension Fund of Russia refuses citizens to apply for an early pension. As a result, applicants have to go to the courts and resolve cases there. Naturally, such examples illustrate the unsatisfactory level state protection citizens' rights to receive pensions. And yet it is worth citing the main reasons for refusing early retirement. Here you need to highlight:

What should be done if the above authorities received a refusal? How to retire early no matter what? There is only one way out - to contact higher authorities. A complaint is filed with the same Pension Fund; you need to put everything into it Required documents. The complaint will be considered within a month. If the refusal comes again, then there is only one way out: to go to the courts of general jurisdiction. You will need to file a filing to contest the refusal.

Features of registration of a pension

For both employed and unemployed citizens, certain features of registering a pension are provided. A working citizen should remember the following:

• the employer is obliged to pay severance pay for a two-month period;
• payments from a previous job will stop if a citizen registers as unemployed.

Unemployed citizens should remember that full work experience makes it possible to receive subsidies. Moreover, every year worked over total experience, gives the right to an extension of state support for two weeks. If a citizen becomes an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity, then the receipt of early pensions ceases until the closure of this status.

Who is entitled to early retirement? The site for pensioners “My Years” () found that the minimum age for granting an early old-age pension is 33 years. This is provided that you got a job, say, immediately upon reaching adulthood and worked in the relevant profession for at least 15 years. And if you go on a well-deserved rest for health reasons, then a preferential pension (labor or, as they call it now, insurance) can be assigned even earlier.

Certain civilian professions give the right to early old-age pension after 15 years of work. Photo goodfon.ru

Early retirement

In total, there are 22 professional categories that give the right to early assignment of an old-age insurance pension, but subject to the presence of the necessary length of service in the relevant types of work. For example, if you are a tractor driver, then you need to work on a tractor for 15 years. In addition, a preferential pension is provided under certain social conditions.

Old age insurance pension

An old-age insurance pension in Russia can be assigned before reaching the generally established retirement age (55 years for women, 60 years for men). Certain categories of citizens have this right.

Of the 22 preferential occupational categories, 12 provide a five-year discount, with men retiring at 55 and women at 50. This primarily includes work with difficult working conditions. The list of these works was approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10 - full name “List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension (old age) on preferential terms”. Sometimes adjustments are made to it (as well as to List No. 1, discussed below) based on decisions of the Ministry of Labor or the Supreme Court. However, for the most part, it remains unchanged and for 25 years now it has been used to determine who is entitled to an early old-age pension in Russia.

Two more types of work allow only women to retire at age 50. The first type of work is tractor drivers in rural areas or in other sectors of the economy, as well as drivers of construction, road and loading and unloading machines. The second is employment in the textile industry in work with increased intensity and severity. Drivers of buses, trolleybuses, and trams, both men and women, who work on regular city passenger routes, can also retire five years earlier.

12 professional categories that give men the right to retire at age 55 and women at age 50

Length of service

The same Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10 approved a list of jobs with particularly difficult working conditions - “List No. 1 of productions, works, professions, positions and indicators in underground work, in work with particularly harmful and especially difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms”.

The list includes professions that give the right to early retirement 10 years earlier than the generally established retirement age: for men at 50 years old, for women at 45 years old. At the same time, men must have a total insurance (work) experience of at least 20 years, of which experience in the relevant types of work with particularly difficult conditions is at least 10 years; For women, the mandatory total work experience is 15 years, of which 7 years and 6 months are particularly difficult working conditions. What kind of work is this? Construction of mines, mines, open-pit mines; extraction of natural resources containing hazardous substances of hazard class 1–3; control of ferrous metal production in hot areas and the like.

Only one type of work, not included in this list, provides the opportunity to retire 10 years earlier for men (for women - 5 years earlier) - this is work in the state fire service. Moreover, there are no requirements for general work experience; only work experience in the fire service is required - at least 25 years for men and women.

And there are eight types of jobs that allow you to retire even earlier than 10 years. This is due to the fact that these professions do not have requirements for either retirement age or mandatory work experience - only length of service in the relevant specialty is required. Thus, rescuers of professional emergency services, men and women, need at least 15 years of experience in the relevant types of work to retire. If you got a job in the rescue service at the age of 18, then at the age of 33 you can apply for early retirement.

In such preferences for civil service Only Russians who carry out creative activities on stage in theaters or in theatrical and entertainment organizations can compare with rescuers (although not all). Regardless of age, they can become pensioners early if they have the necessary experience in the relevant types of work - at least 15–30 years, depending on the nature creative activity. Whatever the nature of the artist’s activity, if he makes the viewer experience catharsis with his performance every time, then he has every right to become not only an honored artist, but also an honored pensioner at any age he wishes.

8 professional categories giving the right to retire regardless of age

Preferential pension

In addition to professional categories, the right to early retirement may be granted to citizens under certain social conditions. This benefit is provided for 10 categories of citizens.

Guardians of disabled people since childhood or persons who have been guardians of disabled people since childhood and raised them up to 8 years of age. Retirement age: reduction of the generally established retirement age (60 years for men, 55 years for women) by one year for every one year and six months of guardianship, but not more than by five years in total. Required work experience: men – at least 20 years, women – at least 15 years.

Women who have given birth to 5 or more children and raised them up to the age of 8 years. Retirement age: 50 years. Required work experience: at least 15 years.

One of the parents of disabled people since childhood, who raised them until the age of 8. Retirement age: men – 55 years, women – 50 years. Required work experience: men – at least 20 years, women – at least 15 years.

Women who have given birth to two or more children and have worked for at least 12 years in the Far North or at least 17 years in equivalent areas. Retirement age: 50 years. Required work experience: at least 20 years.

Citizens who became disabled due to military trauma.

Visually impaired people with disability group I. Retirement age: men – 50 years, women – 40 years. Required work experience: men – at least 25 years, women – at least 20 years.

Citizens suffering from pituitary dwarfism (Lilliputians) and disproportionate dwarfs. Retirement age: men – 45 years, women – 40 years. Required work experience: men – at least 20 years, women – at least 15 years.

Citizens who have worked in the Far North for at least 15 years or at least 20 years in equivalent areas. When working in the regions of the Far North and areas equivalent to them, each calendar year of work in areas equivalent to the areas of the Far North is counted as nine months of work in the areas of the Far North. Retirement age: men – 55 years, women – 50 years. Required work experience: men – at least 25 years, women – at least 20 years.

Citizens who have worked in the Far North for at least 7 calendar years 6 months. When working in areas equated to the regions of the Far North, as well as in the regions of the Far North, each calendar year of work in areas equated to the regions of the Far North is counted as nine months of work in the regions of the Far North. Retirement age: the insurance pension is assigned with a reduction in the generally established retirement age (60 years for men, 55 years for women) by 4 months for each full calendar year of work in these areas. Required work experience: men – at least 25 years, women – at least 20 years.

Citizens who permanently reside in the Far North and equivalent areas and have worked as reindeer herders, fishermen, and commercial hunters. Retirement age: men – 50 years, women – 45 years. Required work experience: men - at least 25 years, women - at least 20 years as reindeer herders, fishermen, and commercial hunters.

When determining the right to insurance pension in the “northern” regions, the List of regions of the Far North and equivalent areas used in the designation is used state pension old age due to work in the Far North as of December 31, 2001.

For those who have worked for at least 15 years in the Far North or at least 20 years in equivalent areas and have the required length of service for an old-age pension, the age established for early assignment of an insurance pension is reduced by five years. Thus, the legislation for such citizens provides for a “double” reduction in the age for assigning the specified pension. For example, if you have the necessary insurance coverage and experience in the relevant types of work, work experience in the Far North for at least 15 years or in equivalent areas for at least 20 years, an early old-age pension can be assigned:

in connection with employment in underground work, work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops - when men reach 45 years of age, women - 40 years of age (if they have been involved in these works for at least 10 years and 7 years 6 months, respectively, and have insurance experience of at least 20 and 15 years respectively);

in connection with work in difficult working conditions - when men reach 50 years of age, women 45 years of age (if they have been employed in these jobs for at least 12 years 6 months and 10 years, respectively, and have an insurance period of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively).

On the “My Years” website you can read current publications on issues pension reform, including:
- with news from the Russian Pension Fund;
- get practical information from the pension directory;
- learn more about the rights of working pensioners;
- get acquainted with the nuances of pension provision for military pensioners.

Vladimir Shpikalov, “My Years”
Based on materials from the Russian Pension Fund