Many parents are faced with the fact that the child does not pronounce individual letters or cannot form a sentence correctly. It's worth helping him learn. And a speech therapist will help with this. Almost all kindergartens have speech therapy groups for children with similar problems.
Why do you need classes with a specialist?
It is the speech therapist who teaches the child not only to pronounce sounds correctly, but also develops coherent speech, teaches him to reason competently, retell the text, and summarize. All this is very important for further education at school.Speech therapy work is carried out in the following areas:
- special massage - strengthening or, on the contrary, relaxation of articulatory muscles;
- articulation gymnastics - carried out in a playful way;
- development of fine motor skills of the hands - this is necessary, since the speech zones and zones of the hands are interconnected;
- development of phonemic perception - the ability to isolate certain sounds from the stream of speech;
- development of an air stream - helps to pronounce some sounds (for example, “r”);
- development of phonemic analysis and synthesis - the ability to identify stressed vowel sounds, divide a word into syllables, determine the number of words in a sentence using patterns;
- production of certain sounds, differentiation with other similar sounds;
- development of grammatical and lexical aspects of speech, development of memory and attention.
That is, this specialist in kindergarten helps the child learn to pronounce sounds correctly, construct sentences correctly, develops fine motor skills, attention, memory and visuospatial orientation.
How is the lesson going?
In preschool speech therapy classes carried out individually or in a group. Although individual lessons are more effective, children usually feel more comfortable during group lessons.Group speech therapy classes are conducted with children who have various deviations in speech development. There are usually 6-8 children in a group, the ages should be the same. The group recruits children with the same speech problems. In such classes, children are taught to speak coherently and accumulate vocabulary.
Individual lessons are held with children whose pronunciation of certain sounds is impaired. With the help of games and exercises, the speech therapist will correct various defects. Moreover, the speech therapist uses finger exercises, music, and teaches how to properly distribute breathing (which is important for children who stutter).
Classes are held twice a week for 20-25 minutes. The speech therapist always gives homework to the child. And parents must follow them every day. To do this you will need a mirror and a notebook.
Typically the following exercises are used in classes:
- strongly inflate and deflate the cheeks;
- close your mouth tightly and open it wide;
- clench your teeth and tighten your lips;
- clench your teeth and part your lips, smiling widely;
- smile broadly, then move the tip of your tongue clockwise;
- smiling, stick your tongue between your lips and say “la-la-la”, biting the tip of your tongue;
- smile and lick upper lip broad language;
- move your tongue up and down while smiling;
- stretch out your lips and make a narrow tongue, making the sound of clattering hooves.
It is very important that, in addition to the work of a speech therapist in kindergarten, parents work with their child at home. This must be done regularly. This will help to quickly cope with speech therapy problems in the child.
Features of the work of a speech therapist in kindergarten
In modern preschool institutions Not only educators, but also teachers of various specialties work with children. One of the specialists is a speech therapist. Parents often believe that a speech therapist only works with children who do not pronounce or pronounce individual sounds incorrectly. But this is only one aspect of speech therapy. The main goal of correctional work carried out by speech therapists is the development of the child’s speech as a whole, namely: the development of articulatory motor skills, the development of physical and speech hearing, the accumulation and activation of vocabulary, work on the grammatical structure of speech, training in word formation and inflection skills, the development of coherent speech, the formation of skills sound-letter analysis, and, of course, pronunciation correction.
Different children need speech therapy for different reasons. It depends on the nature of the speech impairment. If a 5-6 year old child pronounces certain sounds incorrectly, as a rule, [l] or [R], There is no special tragedy in this - now. But later... Will his parents be able to guarantee that such a deviation from the norm will not interfere with him in adolescence or older age? And relearning is many times more difficult. If a child pronounces certain sounds incorrectly and, in addition, has impaired phonemic (speech) hearing, which does not allow him to clearly distinguish the sounds of his native language, this can lead to reading (dyslexia) and writing (dysgraphia) impairments at school. You can let everything take its course, ensuring the child has poor performance in the Russian language, stress, etc., or you can try going to a speech therapist with a preschooler, rather than having problems with the schoolchild later.
ANDit is known that all functions of the central nervous system are best trained and educated during the period of their natural formation. If unfavorable conditions are created at this time, then the development of functions is delayed, and at a later age the lag is compensated with difficulty and not completely. For speech, such a “critical” period of development is the first three years of a child’s life: by this period, the anatomical maturation of the speech areas of the brain basically ends, the child masters the main grammatical forms of his native language, and accumulates a large vocabulary. If in the first three years the baby’s speech was not given due attention, then in the future it will take a lot of effort tocatch up. That is why systematic correctional classes are conducted in kindergartens with children starting from 3-4 years of age.
There are two types of speech therapy classes: frontal (with a group of children) and individual. The optimal number of children in a frontal lesson is 5-6 people, children of the same age and with the same type of impairment, since speech therapy work is based on the defect and age of the child.
There are three main types of speech disorders in preschoolers: impaired pronunciation of individual sounds, or dyslalia, - easy look, FFN- phonetic-phonemic disorders(pronunciation and speech hearing are impaired), ONR- general speech underdevelopment(the entire speech system is disrupted: pronunciation, phonemic hearing, syllable structure, grammar, coherent speech). General underdevelopment speech has four levels - from silence and speech to the level one year old child before the manifestation of elements of OHP (violations phonemic hearing and syllabic structure of speech).
For children with dyslalia, 1-2 times a week individual lessons with a speech therapist on the development of articulatory motor skills, production and automation of sounds, and homework are sufficient. Classes can last from 3 to 9 months.
Children with FFN can attend individual classes 2-3 times a week or combine frontal classes with individual ones. Classes can last 6-9 months.
For children with special needs, individual lessons alone are not enough; a combination of frontal and individual lessons 3-4 times a week is more effective. In individual lessons, work is carried out mainly on correcting sound pronunciation, and also positions are practiced that the child cannot do individually in frontal lessons. The main objectives of frontal classes are, firstly, the accumulation of vocabulary and the development of the lexical and grammatical structure of speech; secondly, the development of phonemic hearing and the syllabic structure of words; thirdly, the prevention of dysgraphia and dyslexia and, fourthly, the development of coherent speech. Along the way, the speech therapist develops the emotional-volitional sphere and all mental processes. Duration of classes is 1-2 years.
The correct development of a child’s speech largely depends on the attention and care of the family. Dyslalia, FFN or OHP - all these disorders can be completely overcome or a significant improvement in speech can be achieved, but for this you need to help the child persistently, with love and faith in success!
Children may confuse letters and not pronounce letters, so at the age of 2, the child must be taken to an appointment with a speech therapist at the district clinic. Also, when choosing a kindergarten, you should pay attention to the presence of a speech therapist in the kindergarten; even if the child pronounces letters well, then the supervision of a speech therapist will not hurt. A speech therapist will help develop correct diction and competent speech.
Why do experts recommend visiting a speech therapist at the age of 2 years? Because speech begins to develop as early as one year. The child begins to pronounce the first words, combine them into sentences, and parents cannot always understand whether the child’s speech apparatus is forming correctly. Therefore, it is worth visiting a speech therapist at a district clinic or in a private clinic and make sure of the degree of development of the child’s speech apparatus. Such a visit will provide an opportunity to avoid future speech problems.
At the age of four to five years, children may experience disturbances in their already established speech apparatus. But at this age, children, as a rule, go to kindergarten, they communicate, adopt the speaking styles of each other, elders and teachers. Speech problems may appear due to various reasons: the child’s reluctance to pronounce letters and words correctly, malocclusion, the child’s internal state, psychological climate in family. Therefore, children should be supervised by an experienced speech therapist in kindergarten, who will work with each child.
What does a speech therapist do in kindergarten? A speech therapist monitors children, analyzes their speech and identifies problems. An experienced specialist will easily find a speech defect. In order to identify a problem with the speech of a particular child, a speech therapist talks with children, conducts certain classes, observes children’s speech from the outside, studies their behavior and manner of speaking.
Many parents ask questions to teachers and management kindergarten about whether children with good speech should work with a speech therapist?
The answer to this question should not raise doubts. A speech therapist is necessary for every child in kindergarten. A speech therapist, first of all, works with children who have pathologies in speech development, and, secondly, conducts developmental group classes for all children. Developmental activities provide an opportunity for children to learn how to construct sentences correctly.
Group classes must necessarily include classes aimed at:
- development of articulatory motor skills;- development of competent speech;
- development of coordination of movement, memory and attention.
A speech therapist in a kindergarten performs many functions, but the main one is working with problem children. The speech therapist should focus on eliminating speech defects in children, carry out preventive measures, and combat the emergence of speech disorders.
Speech therapists usually organize special speech therapy groups in kindergartens, so a specialist works with children throughout the day. In order to join such a group, a doctor's prescription is required. Speech therapy groups are formed for children from 5 years of age. As a rule, a speech therapist starts a “Speech Therapy Diary” in which all work with children is recorded. Also, for individual lessons, an “Individual Work Schedule” is drawn up. The speech therapist must make recommendations and prescriptions for parents and educators. These recommendations must be strictly followed throughout the day, as well as on weekends.
After completing studies at speech therapy group Every child should be able to correctly and meaningfully read words, simple texts and sentences, distinguish and pronounce sounds, parse words into sounds phonetically, be able to pronounce each individual sound, control their own pronunciation, and clearly pronounce all sounds.
How speech therapy classes are conducted in the garden. The speech therapist is necessarily involved in the development of the child’s articulatory apparatus and conducts special articulatory gymnastics. This gymnastics should help the child learn to pronounce sounds correctly. To practice such gymnastics, a number of special exercises, which should be performed not only in the garden, but also at home.
Typically, speech therapists recommend the following exercises for use, as well as various speech therapy exercises:
1. "Window":- open your mouth wide and say “hot”;
- close your mouth and say “cold”.
2. “Ball”: consistently inflate and deflate the cheeks.
3. “Smile”: you should clench your teeth, open your lips and smile broadly.
4. “Pipe”: you should clench your teeth, tighten your lips as much as possible and pull them forward.
The last two exercises must be performed several times, alternating them.
The following exercises are also used in articulation gymnastics:
1. “Knead the dough”; first you need to smile broadly, then put your tongue between your lips and spank “five-five-five-five-five”, and bite the tip of the tongue with your teeth. This exercise is performed several times in a row.2. “Clock”: a wide smile, and then the tip of the tongue is moved in turn along each corner of the mouth, as if clockwise.
3. “Football”: you need to close your mouth and then rest your tongue on both cheeks in turn; from the outside it will seem like balls are jumping in your mouth.
4. “Swing”: make a wide smile, move your tongue down and up.
5. “Delicious milk”: smile broadly, make your tongue as wide as possible in the shape of a “spoon” and lick your upper lip.
6. “Pony horse”: you should stretch your lips, make a “narrow tongue” and try to pronounce the sound of clopping hooves.
These are the main exercises; speech therapists use many other effective exercises in their work.
It is also important to develop motor skills. Maria Montessori noted back in the last century that speech and speech are interconnected in humans. small movements arms and hands. She argued that speech problems arise from problems in the development of fine motor skills in the child. A little later, biologists discovered that the centers in the brain that are responsible for the development of speech and the movement of fingers are very close to each other. Therefore, if fine motor skills develop, then speech develops, since two nearby areas of the brain tense and work.
Here are examples of exercises that develop motor skills in preschool children.
You and your child can pour water from containers with different necks: from narrow to wide and vice versa.
It is effective to build various shapes using your fingers. For example, you can show how a steamship travels or make a swan. All kinds of shapes will help develop motor skills, as well as concentrate the child’s attention on the object.
Mosaic also develops fine motor skills well. If there is no mosaic, you can simply sort buttons or bolts. A construction set is also suitable for developing motor skills.
Can be cut from paper various items and figures.
JOB DESCRIPTION FOR Speech Pathologist TEACHER
1. General Provisions
1.1. This job description has been developed based on the qualification characteristics of a speech therapist teacher educational institution, approved by order of the Ministry of Health, Education and social development RF dated August 26, 2010 No. 761n, Labor Code RF, Charter of the Institution.
1.2. Speech therapist teacher belongs to the category teaching staff, is appointed and dismissed by the head of the preschool educational institution.
1.3. The speech therapist teacher is directly subordinate to the head of the preschool educational institution, the deputy head of educational and methodological work.
1.4. In his activities, the speech therapist teacher is guided by:
— the Constitution and federal laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, other regulatory legal acts of the legislative and executive powers of the Russian Federation;
— Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, other regulatory legal acts regulating education issues;
— The charter and local acts of the preschool educational institution, including: internal labor regulations; rules and regulations of labor protection, safety and fire protection; orders and instructions of the head, this job description; employment contract;
— Regulatory documents and teaching materials on issues of professional activity.
1.7. Teacher speech therapist:
— works according to a schedule drawn up by the deputy head for educational and methodological work and approved by the head of the preschool educational institution, with a workload of 20 hours per week;
- in accordance with the educational program, annual plan work of the preschool educational institution independently plans its work in agreement with the deputy head for educational and methodological work and approval of the head of the preschool educational institution;
— submits a written report on the monitoring results to the deputy head speech development children to start school year and about the results of their work at the end of the academic year;
- if necessary, is involved by the administration of the preschool educational institution in pedagogical, methodological or organizational work within the established working hours;
— receives from the head of the preschool educational institution and the deputy head for educational and methodological work information of a regulatory, legal and organizational and methodological nature, gets acquainted with the relevant documents against receipt;
- systematically exchanges information on issues within his competence with the pedagogical by the preschool educational institution team;
- informs the head of the preschool educational institution, the deputy head for educational and methodological work about difficulties encountered in working with parents (legal representatives);
- transmits to the head of the preschool educational institution, deputy head for educational and methodological work information received at meetings and seminars, immediately after its receipt;
— reports to the head of the preschool educational institution and the Pedagogical Council of the institution.
2. Job responsibilities
Teacher speech therapist:
— Carries out work aimed at maximizing the correction of developmental deficiencies in pupils with developmental disabilities who are in special care correctional groups created for students with disabilities health (for children with severe speech impairments, mental retardation).
— Conducts examinations of pupils, determines the structure and severity of their developmental disorder.
— Completes groups for direct educational activities, taking into account the psychophysical state of pupils.
— Conducts directly educational activities in a subgroup and individual form to correct developmental deficiencies and restore impaired functions.
— Works closely with educators and other teaching staff, attends direct educational activities with students of other specialists (by prior agreement).
— Consults teaching staff and parents (persons replacing them) on the use of special methods and techniques for providing assistance to children with disabilities.
— Maintains the necessary documentation (annual, prospective and calendar plans, speech cards of children, minutes of meetings of preschool educational institutions PMPk, notebooks for interaction with teachers).
— Contributes to the formation of a general personal culture and socialization of students.
— Implements educational programs.
— Studying individual characteristics, abilities, interests and inclinations of pupils in order to create conditions to ensure their development in accordance with the age norm, the growth of their cognitive motivation, the formation of educational independence, including information and digital resources, ensuring a level of training that meets federal state educational standards, the formation of competencies using a variety of forms, techniques, methods and means of teaching, modern educational technologies.
— Conducts direct educational activities, relying on achievements in the field of methodological, pedagogical and psychological sciences, developmental psychology and hygiene, as well as modern information technologies.
— Respects the rights and freedoms of pupils, ensures the protection of the life and health of pupils during the educational process.
— Participates in the work of pedagogical, methodological councils, other forms of methodological work, in the work of conducting parent meetings, recreational, educational and other activities provided for by the educational program, in organizing and conducting methodological and advisory assistance to parents (persons replacing them).
— Complies with labor protection and fire safety regulations.
— Refers children (in cases of special need) for consultations to psychological, medical, medical-pedagogical and correctional centers.
— Has appropriate visual aids and materials for examining children and carrying out correctional and developmental work with them.
— Conducts examinations of children attending preschool educational institutions in order to determine the characteristics of speech function and (if necessary) refer them for further examination to the PMPK “Childhood”.
— Draws up conclusions based on the results of a speech therapy examination and brings them to the attention of parents (legal representatives) for the purpose of orientation in the problems of development of preschoolers and teachers working with children, in order to determine the tasks of correctional and developmental work.
— Develops and uses: correctional (tested and proprietary) programs aimed at eliminating speech disorders in preschoolers, disorders of the pronunciation side of speech, defects in phonemic processes and lexico-grammatical disorders that are subject to correction.
— Carries out: close interaction with teachers of reinforcement groups positive results correction and formation of coherent narrative speech; close relationship with all preschool specialists.
— A speech therapist teacher is obliged to: pass medical checkup once a quarter strictly according to the established schedule during non-working hours; inform the manager, deputy head for educational and methodological work about absence from work due to illness and about starting work after illness or vacation; Keep your workplace in perfect condition every day.
3. A speech therapist teacher must know:
— priority directions for the development of the educational system Russian Federation;
— laws and other regulatory legal acts regulating educational activities;
— Convention on the Rights of the Child;
— developmental and special pedagogy and psychology;
— anatomical, physiological and clinical foundations of defectology;
— methods and techniques for preventing and correcting deviations in the development of students;
— normative and methodological documents on issues of professional and practical activity;
— programmatic and methodological literature on working with students with developmental disabilities;
— the latest achievements of defectological and pedagogical sciences;
— theory and methods of managing educational systems;
— modern pedagogical technologies for productive, differentiated, developmental education, implementation of a competency-based approach;
- methods of persuasion, argumentation of one’s position, establishing contacts with students of different ages, their parents (persons replacing them), work colleagues;
— technologies for diagnosing causes conflict situations, their prevention and resolution;
— basics of ecology and economics; sociology; labor legislation;
— basics of working with text editors, spreadsheets, email and browsers, multimedia equipment;
— internal labor regulations of the educational institution; labor protection and fire safety rules.
4. Qualification requirements.
Higher professional education in the field of defectology without any work experience requirements.
5. Rights
A speech therapist teacher has the right:
5.1. For annual paid leave of 56 calendar days.
5.2. Participate within your competence:
— in strategy development development of preschool educational institutions;
— in the creation of relevant regulatory documents.
5.3. Receive information and documents from the deputy head for educational and methodological work, specialists and parents (legal representatives) of pupils on issues within his competence.
5.4. Establish, on behalf of the preschool educational institution, business contacts with individuals and organizations working in this direction.
5.5. Conduct examinations of children related to determining the level of speech development and characteristics of speech defects.
5.6. Demand that the management of the preschool educational institution provide assistance in the performance of their official duties and rights.
5.7. Improve your skills.
5.8. For social guarantees and benefits provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and constituent documents.
5.9. To other rights provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. Responsibility
6.1. In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the speech therapist teacher is responsible for:
- life and health of children, violation of their rights and freedoms;
— implementation of educational programs not in full, quality of implementation of educational programs;
— compliance of the forms and methods used in the organization of the educational process with age psychological characteristics children;
- timely completion of medical examination.
6.2. For non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment without good reason of the Charter and internal labor regulations of the preschool educational institution, legal orders of the head of the preschool educational institution and other local regulations, job responsibilities established by these instructions, the speech therapist teacher is responsible in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6.3. For use, incl. one-time, educational methods associated with physical and (or) mental violence against the child’s personality, the speech therapist teacher is dismissed from his position in accordance with the labor legislation of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”.
6.4. For violation of fire safety rules, labor protection, sanitary and hygienic rules, the teacher-speech therapist is brought to administrative responsibility in the manner and cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6.5. For culpable infliction of damage to a preschool educational institution in connection with the performance (non-performance) of their official duties, the speech therapist teacher bears financial responsibility in the manner and within the limits established by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
6.6. A speech therapist teacher bears civil liability for harm caused to the person or property of a citizen, as well as a preschool educational institution, or causing moral harm by actions that violate personal non-property rights, as well as in other cases provided for civil law RF.
Job description of a speech therapist
I. General provisions
1. A speech therapist belongs to the category of specialists.
2. A person with a higher defectological education is appointed to the position of Speech Pathologist (without presenting requirements for work experience; experience pedagogical work from 2 to 5 years; from 5 to 10 years; from 10 to 20 years; over 20 years)
4. The speech therapist should know:
4.1. Constitution of the Russian Federation.
4.2. Laws of the Russian Federation, regulations and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation and educational authorities on educational issues.
4.3. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
4.4. Developmental and special pedagogy and psychology.
4.5. Anatomical, physiological and clinical foundations of defectology.
4.6. Methods and techniques for preventing and correcting deviations in the development of students.
4.7. Regulatory and methodological documents on issues of professional and practical activity.
4.8. Program and methodological literature on working with students (pupils) with developmental disabilities.
4.9. The latest achievements of defectological science.
4.10. Rules and regulations of labor protection, safety and fire protection.
5. The speech therapist reports directly (to the director, institution or other official)
6. During the absence of the Speech Pathologist (vacation, illness, etc.), his duties are performed by a person appointed by order of the director of the institution. This person, acquires the corresponding rights and bears responsibility for the high-quality and timely performance of the duties assigned to him.
II. Job responsibilities of a speech therapist
Speech therapist:
1. Carry out work aimed at maximizing the correction of developmental deviations in students.
2. Examines students (pupils), determines the structure and severity of their defect.
3. Completes groups for classes, taking into account the psychophysical state of students (pupils).
4. Conducts group and individual classes to correct developmental disorders and restore impaired functions.
5. Works closely with teachers and educators, attends classes and lessons.
6. Consults teaching staff and parents (persons replacing them) on the use of special methods and techniques to assist children with developmental disabilities.
7. Maintains the necessary documentation.
8. Promotes the formation of a general personal culture, socialization, conscious choice and mastery of professional programs.
9. Uses a variety of forms, techniques, methods and means of teaching within the framework of state standards.
10. Implements educational programs.
11. Provides a level of training for students (pupils) that meets the requirements of the state educational standard, and bears responsibility for their implementation not in full.
12. Respects the rights and freedoms of students (pupils) contained in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
13. Systematically improves his professional qualifications.
14. Participates in the activities of methodological associations and other forms of methodological work.
15. Communicates with parents (persons replacing them).
16. Complies with labor protection, safety and fire protection rules and regulations.
17. Ensures the protection of life and health of students during the educational process.
III. Speech therapist's rights
The speech therapist has the right:
1. Get acquainted with the draft decisions of the institution’s management concerning its activities.
2. On issues within his competence, submit for consideration to the management of the institution proposals to improve the activities of the institution and improve working methods; comments on the activities of the institution’s employees; options for eliminating existing shortcomings in the institution’s activities.
3. Request personally or on behalf of the management of the institution from structural divisions and other specialists information and documents necessary to fulfill his official duties.
4. Involve specialists from all (separate) structural units in solving the tasks assigned to it (if this is provided for by the regulations on structural units, if not, then with the permission of the head of the institution).
5. Demand that the management of the institution provide assistance in the performance of his official duties and rights.
IV. Responsibility of the Speech Pathologist
The speech therapist is responsible for:
1. For improper performance or failure to fulfill one’s job duties provided for in this job description - within the limits determined by the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. For causing material damage - within the limits determined by the current labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
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