A child's age of five requires its own approaches to communication and interaction. Raising a 5-year-old girl has some peculiarities. To a greater extent, moral and moral values ​​are laid at this stage.

Children of this age already understand well the difference between the two sexes and have some ideas about the life roles of women and men. Many people wonder how to raise a 5-year-old girl. It would be correct to say that this process begins from the moment of birth and the attitude towards the little person, voice, intonation, touch and educational measures that parents use play a very important and sometimes decisive role in the child’s self-perception.

At the age of five, a child may experience some capriciousness and short temper. In order to better understand your child, you need to know basic age-related changes in the psychology of children during this period.

What do you need to know about children of this age period? First of all the following:

• The leading activity of the girl. It is by this concept that psychologists understand through what actual actions (at this age this is, of course, a game) a child tries on the roles of adults and various life situations. It is through play activities that children at this age can be easily taught and cultivated in them the necessary qualities. Calm conversations and patient explanations of a given situation also play an important role.

• What kind of thinking is inherent in children aged 4-5 years? Kids think visually and figuratively; at this age they are able to imagine certain situations and images in their minds. In order for a child to solve a problem, he needs to figuratively imagine its conditions.
• How do emotions and self-perception develop? This is very important point in this period, since at approximately 4-5 years of age the origins of self-awareness and the formation of the perception of one’s personality are laid.

This basic knowledge will help parents in their upbringing. Understanding what is important to the child now and how certain rules and norms of behavior can be explained to him in an accessible way, it will be much easier for parents to establish friendly and warm relationships.

What needs to be taken into account when raising a girl?

So, during this period, little girls tend to strongly imitate adults, especially they try to be like their mothers. But due to modern changes and the fact that the media now play an important role in the life of every person, it is worth understanding and knowing that, in addition to her parents, a girl can choose her favorite character from a book, cartoon or movie as her “idol.” Parents need to clearly monitor how their little one perceives this or that fairy-tale character she loves.

If it is clearly noticeable that a four-year-old child is inclined to imitate a certain character, then you should calmly and in a relaxed atmosphere ask the following questions:

• Tell me, why is he (she) better than others?
• Why do you like him/her?
• What does this character love most, and what do you love most?

Thus, it will be possible to understand what attracts the baby to this character. Alternatively, she may see some traits of her character in him, and this happens unconsciously, or, on the contrary, she wants to acquire the qualities that the hero has. If this character is positive and does not cause anxiety in parents, then there is no problem. But what if the hero carries an aggressive or other negative message?

Conversations are also necessary here. The best time The period before bedtime to influence the child positively and calmly is the period before bedtime. You can lie down next to your daughter and fantasize about how to re-educate this hero. Let the baby suggest herself how to change the better side her "idol". It will be effective to draw or sculpt this character together and transform him into a kind and positive one by creating friends for him in the image, balloons or large bouquet flowers (gifts).

Every parent must remember that while game uniform communication, you can explain and educate a lot in a child.

A little about friendship

This year contains the formation of deep and, as practice shows, fundamental concepts about friendship. Girls make friends. By virtue of personal characteristics they may be several peers or one, but very close. Attachment to a friend associated with emotions can be very strong during this period, and the baby should be unobtrusively explained and helped to build personal boundaries. Many will wonder why this is necessary, because they are such great friends and want to be together, play and communicate. Yes, this is correct, but there are other situations. Parents often find that their girl is suffering because her best friend plays not only with her, but also with others. This phenomenon is very common, because all children have different upbringing and character.

To help your child, you need to talk to him as often as possible. You need to understand what offends your daughter in her relationship with her friend, what qualities you like in her. Fairytale therapy works great at this age. Do not be afraid of this word, therapy in translation means treatment, and fairy tale treatment is the most the best option for preschool children.

Parents should choose a suitable fairy tale (or better yet, more than one) on the topic of friendship. You need to get acquainted with it step by step. So, after reading the part, it is worth discussing it with the child: how he sees this situation, who is right and who is wrong. Often parents themselves compose such fairy tales, but it is important to avoid direct and overt allusions to the child’s real life situation.

We develop talents

The next important and very relevant stage is the girl’s idea of ​​her attractiveness and talents. Raising a 5-year-old child requires a special and careful attitude to determining his abilities. The baby’s psychology is very vulnerable at this time, and criticism expressed towards him by people close and significant to him can greatly influence his further desire to achieve success and develop his talents. At this age, girls, as a rule, already attend sports or creative clubs and everyone has different success rates. Parents should constantly tell their child that she is smart and everything will work out for her; it is important to provide support and approval for the efforts of their child.

It is necessary to tell your daughter as often as possible that she is beautiful. Compliments from dad and grandfather are perceived much better and deeper for the perception of a little coquette. So during this period, dad should be actively involved in praise and compliments for his daughter. Waking up the baby in the morning, the mother can say: “Wake up, my most beautiful and smart girl, the kindest, sweetest, talented, healthy and beloved daughter!” Over time, words can be supplemented or replaced by those that are more important at a given period of life. Such rituals, when repeated regularly, can have a great effect and help the child develop a positive image of himself.

In addition, parents increasingly need to involve their child in joint activities or housework. Mothers should not be afraid that the baby will break something or get dirty in the kitchen, but teach her to cook together. Assign her certain tasks that the girl can do, and praise and encourage her for the work done. A 5-year-old child should already have some responsibilities around the house. This could be cleaning up your toys and making your own bed, caring for your pet, watering your flowers, or something else.

It is important to remember that you should not compare your child with other children or with brothers and sisters. This may seem difficult for some parents, but it is worth considering that all babies are different; there are not even two identical grains of sand on earth, let alone people. Comparison only develops envy and a sense of inferiority in children. When pointing out unworthy behavior to a child, it is worth saying that doing so is unacceptable, such actions are characteristic only of bad children, but in no case should you call the girl herself bad, you should refrain from making negative statements about her as a person.

In this article:

The first test that young parents have passed is the birth of a baby. The development and gradual maturation of the child took place before their eyes and with their direct participation. And now not a year, but 5 years are behind us.

Now this is not a fragile baby or a boy babbling meaningless words, but a completely full-fledged little person who can help with housework and asks many vital questions, the answers to which sometimes have to be looked for even in encyclopedias.

This is a whole world full of secrets and mysteries, full of enormous potential that must be properly directed so that it pleases loved ones and others with its character and talents. Most parents are aware of this, but do not know in which direction to move and what steps to take.

What you need to know about a 5 year old child

5 years is the age of a preschooler. In that age period the child experiences a change in self-image. Friends begin to acquire great importance, and from now on the child is selective in choosing whom. The most important selection criteria are positive traits a person or his ability to do something well. Children perceive events that happen to them as a chain of sequentially interconnected stories, and happily tell their details. They also love to listen to the stories of their peers, empathizing with them and encouraging them.

At the age of 5-6 years, a system of primary gender identity is formed in children. Boys and girls begin to show their emotions differently; the manifestation of masculine and feminine traits becomes more pronounced. personal qualities. Boys love to play in men's professions more and are interested in everything that interests dad. And girls, in turn, strive to imitate their mother and show more interest in purely female professions. Also, children of different sexes aged 5-6 years differ in the specifics of their behavior. In a child of the opposite sex, they look for qualities that, in their opinion, should characterize him. Thus, boys believe that the main qualities of girls are affection, beauty and tenderness. And girls are sure that boys must be strong, courageous, capable of protecting and helping.

Peculiarities of consciousness of five-year-old children

Self-centered position small child already behind. Children of five years old, on the contrary, like to be aware of their responsibility. Therefore, during this important period of life, it is necessary to have time to form child positive habits that will become a good foundation for organization for a primary school student.

Also at this age, children acutely feel injustice and can take the place of another person. They express their opinions regarding the behavior of other children in terms of what they understand as “good” and “bad.”

From now on, joint games with peers begin with the distribution of roles. If misunderstandings arise during the game, then a five-year-old child can already explain the reason for his actions or criticize the actions of a player who is wrong or violates the established rules.

Development of attention in children 5 years old

The attention of a five-year-old child becomes more stable and voluntary. It is already possible to explain to him the primacy of the concept “should” over “want”. He will accept the explanations of adults and can even do something uninteresting at first glance, if it is necessary and important for others and mom or dad will explain why it is important. Children can concentrate their attention on completing an assignment for twenty - twenty five minutes. Most of all, they like to perform simple tasks, combining them with games or homework.

At this age, parents need to be especially attentive and monitor their children, as their interest in experimentation increases. Children develop actively, they learn the world and sometimes it is not entirely safe to show interest in its facets.

A child of 5 years old already knows colors well and can distinguish their shades. It distinguishes the sizes of objects and can arrange them in ascending or descending order. Familiar with most shapes of objects and can show similar ones in different pictures.

Development of memory in children five to six years old

The volume of memorized objects and phenomena does not increase significantly at this age, but such a property of memory as stability improves. This is especially noticeable if parents use all sorts of things to develop memory.
didactic materials, of which there are now a lot on the shelves of children's stores.

These can be various subject cards, lotto cards, diagrams, drawings in books, etc. Visual-figurative thinking is the most active at this age. Usage didactic material allows the child to solve simple logical and mathematical problems in his head.

In turn, the strengthening and development of visual-figurative memory contributes to the development of prognostic thinking. This is when a child is able to see the future and understand the future result of events, actions, and actions.

Features of the development of psychology of a five-year-old child

The main feature of 5-year-old children is their curiosity. Do not forget that if parents did not have time to raise their child before the age of five, then laying the right foundations later will be much more difficult. Mom and dad need to know and use the main characteristic of children of this age in order to later become their true friend and interlocutor for life.

The fact is that children at this age love to ask questions. It is important not to brush off their childish importunity. Parents! Remember that the age of the “why” will pass, but it depends on how
It was you who reacted to its course that will determine the result that you get in your child later. If you were attentive and patient in answering your child’s questions, then, after leaving the “why” period, he will still strive to come to you with all the problems that arise. And if you brushed aside his curiosity, and even sent him to someone else for answers to your questions, then do not be offended if he later seeks help in solving problems not from you, but from friends or complete strangers.

What goes around comes around - these words are perfect for parents who are raising or neglecting to raise their children.

Features of raising a 5 year old boy

It is best to exercise control over children at this age by observing them from the side. This is especially true for boys, who already at the age of 5 begin to develop independent people capable of making decisions and being responsible for others. It is better not to save your son from dangers, but to go through difficulties with him. It is optimal not to show him the way out immediately when he first encounters difficulties, but to push him in the right direction so that he finds it himself. This type of behavior parents will gradually form in the boy the personality of a family protector, a breadwinner, a leader, capable of taking on the most difficult issues.

Respect for the child’s personality is the main criterion proper education baby at this age. If a child is still not doing something very well, it is necessary not to shame him, but to encourage him, to help him do only what he is simply not yet able to do. It is necessary to praise your child for success at this age! But you need to scold carefully, because humiliation of children at this age, and especially boys, leads to the formation of an insecure, infantile personality who will not be able to take responsibility and make decisions.

A boy should be encouraged to develop and express masculine qualities character, such as masculinity, patience, endurance, strength, courage... These goals should also be met by toys reminiscent of professions that are mainly engaged in by men.

Under the supervision of adults, it is possible and even necessary to give the child plumbing tools so that he can try hammering nails, sawing, and using a penknife. Helping dad with men's housework elevates the child in his own eyes. The baby feels more significant even if he is asked to perform the simplest tasks, for example, bring a hammer or give nails. If a boy grows up in a single-parent family, then the mother must find among her friends or acquaintances a person who could sometimes introduce her son to men’s work.

Psychologists recommend
Parents should not forget that screaming is unacceptable when communicating with children. This way you can discourage a child from helping, which means that in return he will find some other, perhaps completely unnecessary, activity.

At this age, the child needs to be oriented towards a chivalrous attitude, first of all towards his mother, sister, and generally towards girls. Boys are very pliable and receptive to the image of a strongman, a noble knight, a protector. It is necessary to allow these qualities to form, encouraging the baby when he helps carry bags, lift weights, gives way, opens doors or offers a hand to help get out of transport, etc.

Regarding outdoor games

Our small-sized apartments do not allow a 5-year-old child to sufficiently fully realize his physical development, his motor activity. Therefore, if parents have such an opportunity, you can turn the children's room into a gym for the child. It can be equipped by making simple sports equipment with your own hands. There is room for parents' imagination. If this is not possible, then there is no need to forbid the baby to fight with dad or some other outdoor games.

If you do not allow your child to splash out his energy within the walls of the house (of course, not before bedtime), then he may have a nervous breakdown.

The development of boys is characterized by more noisy games than girls. This should be attributed to the characteristics of gender. And it will be better for everyone if mom can not only understand this, but also “ennoble” these games and give them meaning. You can fill war games with an interesting strategic task like freeing a princess or finding a treasure, and always with your participation. And if before that the mother reads or tells the baby some interesting stories, then the child’s imagination will awaken on its own.

Preschool children develop very rapidly. Based on the skills that a child acquires, experts draw conclusions about the conformity of his mental and physical development age. This allows for timely detection and prevention possible problems, adjust the development program, paying more attention to areas where there is a lag. Similar criteria are established by pediatricians, psychologists, and neurologists; knowledge of the norms would also be useful for parents.

Content:

Thinking

The fifth birthday is considered the most appropriate age when you can begin preparing for school: the child has developed more than ever before cognitive activity, he is able to remember and reproduce a large amount of information. However, psychologists advise not to overload the child and not to go beyond his interests; forced classes will lead to overwork and will discourage the desire to learn anything for a long time. A child’s capabilities are largely determined by the intensity of activities with him:

• knows numbers from 1 to 10 and more, can show a graphic representation of each number, count objects and point to the corresponding number, naming it;
• some children can perform simple addition and subtraction examples, usually limited to subtraction and addition within 1-2 units;
• knows simple and complex geometric figures, draws them, independently divides them into several equal parts;
• knows many letters well and can name words that begin with the named letter, find it among the others, and write it independently;
• some children at this age can already read syllables, but this indicator cannot be called a generally accepted norm;
• knows many colors and some shades, names and shows them;
• knows the days of the week, the names of the months and seasons, the names of the fingers, but does not always name them in order;
• solves simple ones logic problems, riddles, he can compose similar questions himself;
• assembles simple puzzles consisting of 8-10 elements, without outside help, as well as simple structures from a construction set or cubes based on a model;
• knows how to make generalizations, establish relationships between objects and phenomena, classify objects according to general characteristics, easily finds an “extra” object, explaining his choice.

By age 5 begins to develop logical thinking, however, the child’s decisions are not always correct: logic at this age is very peculiar. You can correct it, but you should not insist: over time, the child himself will draw the necessary conclusions. It is recommended to read more, and it is better to give preference to children's educational books, encyclopedias that explain environmental phenomena in accessible language, provide knowledge about animals and plants, basic information about geography, etc.

Video: Educational games for five-year-olds.

Development of memory and attention

Memory five year old baby is in a transitional state: from involuntary memorization it gradually moves to conscious. This can be seen in the example of how a child memorizes long poems with unfamiliar words and retells a large passage of prose. It is advisable to explain unfamiliar words to the baby so that semantic memory also develops:

• the child is able to concentrate on one activity for up to 10-15 minutes without a break;
• holds in the field of vision and remembers up to 8 objects, knows the order of their location;
• can name which item is missing, which new item appeared;
• finds up to 6 differences in pictures or similar objects, toys;
• easily remembers children's poems, counting rhymes, short tales, willingly tells them;
• retells the content of the plot pictures;
• remembers the sequence of events, tells what happened today, yesterday, a few days ago;
• quickly remembers new words and their meaning, foreign words, does not confuse words of native and foreign languages.

Speech development

The child’s vocabulary is already quite large and varied, he is able to clearly and clearly express his thoughts without getting confused in words. In his statements, he uses words from all parts of speech, constructs sentences correctly, using complex sentences and constructions with addresses, introductory words, and homogeneous members. The baby’s vocabulary is constantly expanding, and his speech skills are improving every day:

1. Pronounces almost all sounds clearly, with some exceptions. At this age, if any sounds become recessed, you should think about classes with a speech therapist.
2. Actively uses all forms of words, including moods and verb tenses, comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs, which are not so easy for children.
3. Determines the intonation coloring of a sentence: narrative, exclamatory, interrogative, knows how to give the necessary intonation to his statement. The poem is recited with expression.
4. Gives the last name, first name and patronymic of his and his parents, teacher and other familiar people.
5. Correctly names the full address of residence, including region and locality.
6. It’s rare that a 5-year-old child confuses the meaning of the words “yesterday,” “today,” “tomorrow,” the names of meals and other concepts, and if he confuses them, he is already able to correct himself.

The verbal thinking of a five-year-old child becomes visual and figurative when he does not repeat the words and phrases he has heard, but reproduces the thoughts that have arisen in his head. Speech is used mainly for communication, so the dialogue form of conversation predominates; the baby is not yet capable of long monologues. For the development of speech during this period, it is very important to maintain a dialogue with the child, provoke him to ask questions and answer them.

Physical development

The child already has well-developed coordination of movements. He managed to learn about all the capabilities of his body and actively uses them, improving them every day. The minimum set of what a child of 5 years should be able to do:

1. Runs a fairly long distance quickly and without stopping, overcomes obstacles on the way without stopping: runs around small hillocks or runs onto them, jumps over ditches and holes.
2. He loves to play with the ball and does it very confidently: he catches the ball and accurately throws it over long distances, without missing, hits it with his hand or foot.
3. Keeps balance well: confidently walks along a narrow board lying horizontally or along a sidewalk curb.
4. The vestibular apparatus is well developed, so the child enjoys such entertainment as swinging on swings and spinning on carousels, somersaults and jumping.
5. Confidently climbs and descends vertical stairs, can hang on the upper rungs, holding on with two or even one hand.
6. The arms and legs become so strong that some children are able to not only hold on to the rope, but also climb up it a little.
7. The child is very hardy, he can endure long walks and treks, especially if he takes away new impressions from them.

Fine motor skills

Parents need to conduct regular activities aimed at developing fine motor skills, since in a child aged 5 years it should already be well developed:

1. he confidently and correctly holds a pen, pencil and brush, controls the force of pressing them;
2. colors drawings without going beyond the outline;
3. draws letters or figures according to the pattern in the cells;
4. molds small parts from plasticine;
5. ties and unties knots on the cord.

Video: Developing fine motor skills.

Social skills

A child aged five years old plays alone for a long time with interest, but is more attracted to joint games, among which he prefers role-playing and active games. A child can learn the rules of the game from adults, other children, or can come up with them on the go on his own. He loves performances, kindergarten and home, finger and puppet shows, learning his role and reproducing it without prompting.

The child performs all the everyday skills taught by his parents independently and without reminders:

• waking up in the morning, he goes to wash his face and brush his teeth, and carries out the same procedures before going to bed;
• returning from the street, takes off shoes and outerwear;
• washes hands before eating;
• uses all cutlery, including a knife, cutting food into small pieces;
• bathes independently, thoroughly rubbing all parts of the body with a washcloth, but do not leave the child in the bathroom unattended.

Emotional development

Main character traits little man practically formed, you can already see what it will be like. Psychologists consider this age to be the calmest: some age-related crises are behind us (3 years), others are yet to be experienced (7 years).

At 5 years old, a child easily compromises, it is easy to agree with him, he is not capricious, does not try to prove his opinion, and most often does as his parents say. Almost always he is in in a great mood, tries to learn as much new things as possible, and these discoveries truly make him happy.

In communication, preferences appear: some people are liked, others are not, and the child may show aggression towards them. The parents’ task in this case is to control the baby’s emotions and explain the rules of behavior. A child of this age should not be embarrassed to approach a group of children, get to know them, and start a conversation.

Children 5 years old. Features of development

Is your little one already 5 years old? On the one hand, he is no longer quite a baby, and on the other hand, he is not yet a schoolboy. The age of 5-6 years is called basic. 90% of all child’s personality traits are formed at this age. Already at 5 years old you can understand what a person will be like in the future.
A 5-year-old child experiences a great need to understand the world around him and expand his horizons. He is like a sponge, absorbs everything educational information. It has been scientifically proven that at this age a child is able to remember as much material as he will never remember later in life. Children 5-6 years old are interested in everything related to the world around them. Therefore, reading to a child a children's encyclopedia, where any information about our world is described in accessible language, is The best way convey scientific information. The child will gain ideas about the ancient world, animals and plants, space, countries, how man works and much more.

Development of a 5 year old child

At the age of 5 years, the child begins to understand himself as an individual. He identifies himself with those around him. It becomes important for him what gender he is, what he looks like, what he says.
Children 5 years old do not think about tomorrow; what is important to them is what is happening here and now. They have their own opinion on everything and often challenge it. It seems to adults that children at this age are very stubborn and not accommodating, but in fact they are waiting for our reaction and want to please their parents.
Many 5 year olds still sleep during the day. At the age of 5, a child already brushes their teeth independently, only sometimes adults need to remind them to do this. At this age, the child can bathe independently, but parents should check on them periodically.
A five-year-old child begins to learn to work in a team. In kindergarten or on the playground, children can engage in common activities. At 5 years old, a child remembers poems, songs, and short stories well. At this age it is good to learn letters and numbers. Some children can already read syllables by the age of 5.
At 5 years old, a child should know the seasons, days of the week, parts of the body, be able to identify unnecessary objects, sort objects, and know some facts about the flora and fauna.
Children of this age already have a very well developed imagination. They very often compose something without any malicious intent. Adults may feel that the child is deceiving them. Don't focus on this. Instead of telling your child that he is lying, it is better to say that he is fantasizing. However, if you notice that your little one is lying to avoid punishment, explain that it is better to tell the truth, otherwise lying can lead to bad consequences.
At the age of 5, you need to help your child make friends, cultivate tolerance towards other children, and control manifestations of aggression. A child should not be afraid or embarrassed to approach a group of children, start a conversation with them or start a game. Already at this age, parents should instill in their child the ability to maintain a conversation, ask and thank for something.

At the age of five, a child prefers dishes familiar from birth. Culinary innovations are often viewed negatively. Children at this age already feel (as it seems to them) on an equal footing with adults, so they love family dinners, when the whole family gathers at one table and talks. The child takes part in the conversation with pleasure, and, as a rule, is the last to leave the table.

Games and toys for children 5 years old

The main space surrounding children aged 5 is the home and kindergarten. In games, children often reproduce scenes from home life. Role-playing games are of great importance for children's development. They allow you to try on adult roles. With the help of role-playing games, children try to understand complex life situations happenings in the world of parents, prepare for future life. Children imitate adults in their games. Therefore, by the way a child plays, what roles he tries on, one can easily determine the relationships in his family, the attitude of mom and dad towards other people, and values ​​in the family.
Children at this age do not have to buy expensive toys; they are still quite happy with their old favorite cars, dolls, houses and garages.
They like to draw, sculpt, paint, cut out something, and design. Children aged 5 years enjoy playing board games such as dominoes. They love having fairy tales read to them.

Punishments and rewards

As mentioned above, a five-year-old child has a very well developed imagination. The child often expresses wishful thinking. This is a normal stage in development. There is no point in scolding your child for this, just explain to him that it is better to tell the truth.
If a child has committed a bad act, he must be punished immediately, not postponed until later, otherwise later he will not understand why he is being punished. Don't expect your child to improve after the first punishment. Children at the age of 5 have poor self-control and may forget that they were once punished for a similar act.
If your child regularly upsets you with his behavior, check whether he sleeps enough, eats enough, and is not overloaded with activities.
Don't forget to praise your child for good deeds and behavior.

What should a 5 year old child know and be able to do?

Your baby is already 5 years old. This means that there is a good opportunity to help the child develop his intelligence in a timely manner. Unfortunately, some parents underestimate the capabilities of this particular age, do not see the child’s need for new information, expanding his horizons, believing that there is still enough time ahead and it is too early to engage with the baby. They begin to actively engage with the child only a year before school, and as a result, time is lost. Classes that take place at a fast pace, when a child needs to master a large amount of new information in a short period, do not lead to anything good. The child quickly becomes overtired, which subsequently causes a negative attitude towards learning.
Using the tests below, you can determine the level of development of your child, identify in which areas of knowledge he succeeds, and which need additional attention. And most importantly, you will be able to check the results of the work done on the development of the baby and prepare him for the next stage of acquiring new knowledge.

Tests for the development of a 5 year old child

The world

• Determine what time of year it is, time of day (morning, afternoon, evening)?
• State your first and last name. Know your parents' first and last names. Know the name of your city, street, house number. Know the name of the capital of your country. Know the name of our planet.
• Know the names of people's main professions and explain what people in certain professions do.
• Name the seasons and days of the week in the correct sequence.
• Distinguish domestic animals from wild ones, garden plants from field plants.
• Distinguish between primary colors (What color is the ball? Show red, blue, yellow, green).

Attention

• Using knowledge about abstract geometric shapes(ask the child to name the round and square objects around him).
• Find 5-6 differences between objects and between two drawings.
• Keep 8-10 objects in your field of vision.
• Repeat a pattern or movement.

Mathematics

• Ask them to count several objects that are more than ten (count how many cubes there are).
• Ask to divide the circle or square into two and four equal parts.

Thinking

• Understanding the simplest cause-and-effect relationships (Why does mom wash clothes? Why does mom cook dinner?).
• Name the purpose of household items (why do you need a spoon, cup, table, chair, pen?). Immediately show three objects or pictures with their images).
• Find the odd one out among the proposed items and explain your choice.
• Put together puzzles without adult help.
• Construct any figure from the construction set based on the model.
• Find and explain the differences between objects and phenomena (how summer differs from autumn, a trolleybus from a bus, etc.)

Memory

• Remember 7-8 pictures.
• Memorize children's rhymes (for example: “One, two, three, four, five, We are going to play. A magpie flew to us and told you to drive”) and tongue twisters (for example: “White sheep beat the drums”).
• Memorize short sentences (for example: “Katya and Kolya are drawing with crayons”; “Grisha played in the sandbox with a bucket and spatula”).
• Tell short stories, fairy tales, poems, and pictures from memory.

Fine motor skills

• Color the drawings without going beyond their outlines.
• Be able to hold a pencil, brush in your hands and change the direction of hand movement depending on the shape of the depicted object.
• Sculpt small figures from plasticine.
• Tie knots on a rope.

Speech development

• Compose complex sentences of different types.
• Explain the meaning of some proverbs (For example: “You can’t pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty”).
• Make up stories based on pictures.
• Speak poetry expressively.
• Distinguish between vowels and consonants.

If a child easily answers your questions and copes with tasks, his level of development is normal. If you see that your child is struggling with some tasks, these areas of knowledge require additional attention.

Comments

Add a comment

Victoria 1 year ago

The child owes nothing to anyone! Each child is individual and develops in his own way. And these indicated points are only instructions for parents on how to properly guide their child.

Nadezhda 2 years ago

My grandson is left-handed and it seems to me that when he writes, he doesn’t see where to lead the kmrandash

Roman 2 years ago

Look at Professor Savelyev. On YouTube. There are details about lefties

Olga 2 years ago

What to do if your child is left-handed? How to teach him to write?

Julia 3 years ago

Natalya Alexandrovna Lepustina 4 years ago

Good afternoon How to deal with a 5 year old child.

Larisa 5 years ago

An interesting article, I agree with the author, and I can add that at this age a child models his relationships with the outside world on toys. And by watching children play, you can see the tendencies that are forming in your child and correct them in the game.

Age from 3 to 6 years - a very interesting and important period in a child’s life. After all, right now the child is moving from the state of “baby and mother are one” to the state of “I am a separate independent person.” And although the independence of a three-year-old baby is, of course, still a rather conditional concept, but the fact that the baby changes and grows up , we will not argue with this.

How exactly does this happen, what will help parents understand that their beloved baby has already embarked on the path of growing up?

Basic signs of psychological development three year old child:

• the child realizes himself as an individual and begins to psychologically separate from his mother; the age crisis of 3 years is associated with this factor.
• constructs sentences using the prepositions “I”, “you”, “he”, “she”. Previously, the child used his name to describe actions, for example, he said “Masha went,” but now the baby says “I went.”
• is aware of his gender and consciously identifies himself as a boy or a girl. During this period, the child is characterized role-playing games: with “mother-daughter” dolls for girls, with cars, pistols and soccer ball- for boys.

Let's look at the main moments of psychological maturation child from 3 to 6 years old for more details.

Socialization

Starting from the age of three, the child begins the process of going beyond his limits. family circle and enters the baby's life active communication with peers . It’s not without reason that when their son or daughter turns three years old, many parents think that it’s time for their child to attend, and enroll him in courses.

What gives a child full communication with peers, what he can learn during joint games:

• subjugate your desires general rules games;
• form the essence of the concepts of “good” and “bad”;
• get to know the emotions and behavior of other children;
• become more independent;
• learn new things.

IN ages 3 to 6 years, thanks to active socialization, the child gradually learns to evaluate the world around him, people, and adequately perceive his own actions.

As the child ages game plots are changing : if at the age of 3-4 years they were limited to imitation of adults, family, everyday stories and contained mainly objective actions (feeding a doll, rolling a car, building a house from blocks), then a child of 5-6 years old, as he grows up and masters new things , draws attention to more complex issues, such as human relationships.

The game also takes longer:

• at 3-4 years old, a child can enthusiastically engage in one activity for no more than 15 minutes, then he needs to switch to something else;
• at 4-5 years old, one game can last 20-30 minutes;
• at 5-6, the child is able to get carried away by the game for 30-40 minutes, and after some rest, return to it if it is interesting.

Psychological characteristics

Between the ages of 3 and 4 years The baby develops the concept of intonation of spoken words: the child is able to understand dissatisfaction with his behavior, resentment, irony, and sadness from his voice.

At this age, the child, in general, no longer confuses singular and plural, feminine and masculine, knows how to divide objects into groups according to various criteria, but sometimes can call yesterday tomorrow and vice versa, confuse the concepts of “lunch” and “dinner.” Also, the baby has difficulty understanding the time by the clock.

Child open to new knowledge , is keenly interested in what this or that object is intended for and what can be made from it. Thanks to this interest, some kids take apart and sometimes break their toys in order to understand how they work inside.

Independence and the desire to do everything exactly the way he wants is a rather sensitive topic at the age of 3-4 years. Parents of such a baby need to be patient and try to organize the child with the help of a constant daily routine and coherence of their actions, and also remember that despite all the protests, if the baby has any difficulties or feels tired, the little rebel will at least time, but will definitely return to parental care.

In a child aged from 5 to 6 years is quite developed, he easily remembers poems, stories, and lyrics. At this age, kids easily learn, quickly grasp new words, and speak quite fluently. Also, the baby gradually learns to understand the causal connections and relationships of things: he begins to compare and contrast phenomena, highlight their essential features, and operate with the concepts of “material,” “weight,” and “number.”

At this age, the baby not only actively observes what is happening around him, but also draws appropriate logical conclusions (for example, depending on the mood, he can talk about the topic “why do people go to work” or “why am I sad today”), repeats what he has heard and seen from other children and adults.

Psychologist Natalya Karabuta says:“Some parents, having sent their child to kindergarten after three years, think that now specialists will take care of the child’s development, and they will finally be able to relax. This is a dangerous misconception, because now a new important stage in the baby’s life begins - the first period of growing up. How correctly parents build an upbringing system in the period from 3 to 6 years directly determines how adequate the child’s value system will be when he grows up. At this age, the child no longer takes an adult’s word for it - he believes his own eyes, does not obey orders, but demands trust, respect and cooperation from the adult. It’s important for parents to learn how to build relationships with their children, understand each other, and be on the same page.”