Motor activity presentation for technical school. Presentation for the lesson "The importance of physical activity for human health." Functional system according to P.K. Anokhin

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Physical activity and child health

Motor activity is a natural need for children to move, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition harmonious development child, his state of health.

Relevance of the topic: Physical education is one of the main tasks of raising children early age. Movement is an organic need of a child, and the smaller he is, the more difficult it is for him to do without movement. Competent organization of motor activity of young children involves taking into account the characteristics of the higher nervous activity of young children. The teacher must properly organize walks and other routine processes so that the child can satisfy the need for movement during the day. Thus, this topic is relevant, because the development of motor activity, its organization has a direct impact on the physical and neuro-psychological, intellectual development of a young child, as well as the development of his behavior.

The motor activity of a preschooler must correspond to his experience, interests, desires, and functional capabilities of the body. Therefore, teachers need to take care of the organization of children’s motor activity, its diversity, as well as the fulfillment of the main tasks and requirements for its content.

Formation in pupils of the need for physical activity during regime moments in organized children's activities in independent children's activities in interaction with families

during routine moments Individual work Morning exercises, exercises after sleep Walk (morning/evening) Physical education minutes in class Dynamic breaks

during regime moments for a child up to school age To satisfy the need for movement, on average, you need to take from 9,000 to 10,500 steps per day. In free wakefulness, while walking, running, and playing, the child walks 23 km a day.

in organized children's activities Individual work Outdoor games and play exercises Physical education games-activities in the gym and outdoors Rhythmic, dance movements Productive activities Zdraviada

in organized children's activities If children's movements were limited in the first half of the day, children will catch up on what they need in the evening

in independent children's activities Independent motor activity of children Play activities Game exercises Outdoor folk sports games

in independent children's activities If they did not go for a walk, then within a few days they compensate for the lack of movement

when interacting with families Consultations upon requests from parents Sports and physical education activities and holidays Seminars and workshops Open days Excursions Preparation of information materials

when interacting with families If they sat a lot during the day, they will sleep poorly and restlessly at night

Accumulation and enrichment of children’s motor experience (mastery of basic movements) during routine moments in organized children’s activities in independent children’s activities in interaction with families

Psychologist Ilyina V.N. notes that restrictions on movement, prohibitions, etc. lead to the accumulation negative emotions and aggressive impulses. Movement for a child is not only physical joy: motor abilities are very closely intertwined with intellectual and spiritual ones. Mastering walking opens a new stage in the baby’s spatial orientation. To understand the world, a child does not have any tools other than his body. Thanks to bodily interaction with objects, the baby learns the distances between them, their size and shape, stability and many other different properties. Traveling leads to a change in perspective, the emergence of perspectives and broadening your horizons. Perception becomes three-dimensional.

We can conclude that when working with preschool children it is necessary: ​​firstly, to take into account the age, individual, and morphological characteristics of children. Secondly, there must be correct guidance on the part of an adult by the organization of children; organized change of activities during the day, preventing children from becoming inactive. Properly created conditions for upbringing will help to avoid fatigue of the nervous system, and therefore will help to avoid outbursts of irritability in the behavior of children, and will contribute to the full physical, neuro-mental, emotional development young children.

Main principle modern teacher: “You don’t need to teach, but you need to live an interesting life with children common life" THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Syrovyatkina

Vladimirovna

Physical education teacher for junior schoolchildren

MAOU "Secondary School" No. 2

Verkhnyaya Pyshma

“Ensuring physical activity

students with poor health

means of physical culture"

"Taking care of your health is most important work teachers. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge,

self-confidence"

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Updating the problem

creating conditions to ensure physical

and mental well-being of each child

inclusion of parents in the educational process

to preserve and strengthen children's health

Adoption independent decisions in strengthening

and control your health

health promotion

and activation of the child,

his motor abilities

And physical condition.

Solved Problems:

formation of basic motor skills;

formation of habit and interest in systematic

exercise;

training in self-control skills.

development of basic motor qualities;

protection and promotion of student health;

Health

Morning work-out

Exercise throughout the day

Lessons physical culture

Sports activities

Daily regime

Hardening

Psychological comfort

Balanced diet

Health groups

Group I - healthy children

Group II - healthy children with morphofunctional

deviations

Group III - patients with chronic diseases

in the compensation stage

Group IV - patients with chronic diseases

in the stage of subcompensation

Group V - patients with chronic diseases

in the stage of decompensation

Complexes of gymnastic exercises

A good means of promoting health and prevention in physical education lessons are sets of gymnastic exercises with objects. Also in the classes, a lot of changes are used, exercises for coordination of movements, orientation in space.

Formation of correct posture

Prevention of scoliosis

The following exercises are used in physical education lessons:

to form posture,

prevention of scoliosis - i.e. mobilization of the spinal column,

(these exercises are performed in every lesson)

Prevention of flat feet -

the muscles of the foot are actively “working”

Obesity prevention -

Mobility

musculoskeletal system -

active motor mode

regular physical training is carried out

Strengthening

of cardio-vascular system -

Breathing exercises

aerobic exercise

is of great importance in the health of a school-age child

SAMPLE

COMPLEXES OF EXERCISES

IN ILLNESS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The leading principle in working with students with poor health is a differentiated approach, dosing the load taking into account individual characteristics.

SAMPLE

COMPLEXES OF EXERCISES

IN DISEASE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Self-control

heartfelt

abbreviations

Along with general educational tasks in the course of classes, issues of healing and strengthening the body of students occupy a significant place.

At each lesson, students' heart rate (HR) is determined.

Self-analysis of the physical state of the body

Students complete self-reflection cards on their achievements every semester. Thus, the student learns to examine his activities and create motives for restructuring his educational activities, the student develops a desire to complete the work after he has understood and accepted the task, to teach students to constantly ask themselves: “Why is this?”, “What is required?”, “How do others do it?”, “How did they do it in class? "

Color the respiratory organs

working with correct inhalation.

Assemble the puzzle

It is already the 5th year since the Second Generation Standards were introduced and a third hour of physical education was added, it became necessary to conduct theoretical lessons. Such lessons are designed to create an atmosphere of success for each child. Where children with poor health can also fully demonstrate their skills and knowledge. Created in lessons comfortable conditions for the disclosure, implementation and development of students’ personal potential, health preservation and self-analysis. Presented are cards that were successfully created and tested in theoretical physical education lessons.

Verification work

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Slide captions:

Correct motor activity of a preschooler The presentation was prepared by: physical education instructor G.N. Kovenya.

What is motor activity? Physical activity is a natural need for children to move, the satisfaction of which is the most important condition for the harmonious development of the child and his state of health. It must correspond to his experience, interests, desires and functional capabilities of the body.

Research recent years show that the functional capabilities of the child’s body are not realized at the proper level in the process different types physical education classes. In addition, the physical activity of preschool children during their stay in kindergarten is less than 50% of the waking period, which does not allow the child to fully meet the biological need for movement. The physical activity of preschoolers is an important indicator of children’s physical readiness for school.

The importance of physical activity

Lack of physical activity leads to: Increased morbidity in the body; Decrease in indicators physical development Overweight Inactivity

From underuse vital energy(due to limitation active movements) excess tension accumulates in the child’s body. This, on the one hand, is a source of relatively rapid fatigue, and on the other, his movements lose their naturalness, spontaneity, and become angular. Over time, this gives rise to problems of a different kind: in physical education classes, which are mandatory in kindergarten and then at school, such a child may not be successful - both peers see this, and the child himself feels it very painfully.

Indicators of motor activity of a preschooler 3-4 years old - 11000 - 12500 movements, and of these in FC classes 850-1370 movements 4-5 years old - 11000 -13000 movements, of which in FC classes 1100 -1700 movements, 5-6 years – 13000 – 14500 movements, of which 1800 -2000 movements in FC classes, 6-7 years – 13000 -15500 movements, of which 2000 -2400 movements in FC classes

The preschooler is “an active figure - but his activity is expressed, first of all, in movements.” Children are very different in their motor activity. Even with routine observation, children with average, high and low mobility can be distinguished. Children with great mobility are always noticeable, although they make up about a fourth or fifth of the total number of children. They find the opportunity to move in any conditions. Of all types of movements, running and jumping are most often chosen; movements that require precision and restraint are avoided. Their movements are fast, abrupt, and often aimless. Due to the high intensity of physical activity, they do not seem to have time to understand the essence of their activity and cannot control their movements to the proper extent. Excessive mobility is a strong irritant for the nervous system, so children are characterized by unbalanced behavior and more often than others fall into conflict situations, they have difficulty falling asleep and sleep restlessly.

Children of average mobility are distinguished by the most even and calm behavior, uniform mobility throughout the day. About half or slightly more of these children are in the group. They are independent and active, their movements are confident, clear, and purposeful.

The body of children with low mobility is the most vulnerable. They are characterized by general lethargy, passivity, and they get tired faster than others. In contrast to active children who know how to find space to play, they try to move away so as not to disturb anyone and choose activities that do not require intense movements. They are timid in communication, lack self-confidence, and do not like games with movements. Low mobility is a risk factor for a child. It is explained by his ill health, lack of conditions for movement, negative psychological climate, poor motor skills, or the fact that the child is already accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle, which is especially alarming.

Techniques for guiding children’s motor activity. The management of motor activity of children with high mobility is aimed not at reducing their motor activity, but at regulating the intensity of movements. Let the children move as much as possible over time - it is important to program a composition of movements that require focused attention, restraint, and accuracy. Children need to be specially taught precise movements: throwing at a target, rolling the ball over a limited area (floorboard, path of two cords, gymnastics bench, etc.), catching the ball, hitting it off the floor. All types and methods of climbing, balance exercises, general developmental exercises in a limited area (a flat circle on the floor, a block, a bench, a board) are useful. A special regulatory technique is to introduce meaningful content into motor activity. When running aimlessly, for example, a child can be reminded of the plots of the game of car, plane, train, etc.

When guiding the physical activity of children of average mobility, it is enough to create the necessary conditions, i.e. provide space for movement, time, toys - motors, physical education equipment and aids. Physiologists advise more boldly relying on “self-regulation,” which is manifested quite clearly in them.

In sedentary children, an interest in movement and the need for active activities should be cultivated. Special attention is given to the development of all basic movements, especially intense ones (running, jumping - different methods). Sedentary children are involved in active physical activity throughout the day. Care should be taken to ensure that it is interesting and relaxed for children. There is no need to be afraid that children will get tired. This will never happen if conditions are provided for a variety of movements in physical education, play, labor activity individually with a teacher or in a group of children. A variety of physical education aids and motor toys will help with this. It is useful to remember here the instructions of physiologists: children do not get tired if they often change movements, their pace, amplitude, and place of execution. In this case, natural rest (active rest) occurs. A variety of motor activities not only does not tire the child, but on the contrary, relieves fatigue, activates memory and thinking.

Attaching particular importance to the role of physical activity in promoting the health of preschool children, it is necessary to determine priorities in the daily routine. The first place in the motor mode of children belongs to physical education and health activities. These include well-known types of physical activity: morning exercises, outdoor games and physical exercise during walks, physical training sessions in classes with mental stress, motor warm-ups between classes, recreational running in the air; gymnastics after nap; motor warm-up during the break between classes; individual work with children on the development of movements and regulation of children’s DA during an evening walk; walks and trips to the park;

The second place in the motor mode of children is occupied by physical education classes - as the main form of teaching motor skills and the development of optimal DA in children. Conduct physical education classes at least three times a week, preferably in the morning (one in the air).

The third place is given to independent motor activity that occurs on the initiative of children. It provides wide scope for the manifestation of their individual motor capabilities. Independent activity is an important source of activity and self-development of a child. Its duration depends on the individual manifestations of children in motor activity, and therefore pedagogical guidance of children’s independent activities should be built taking into account the level of DA. Along with the listed types of physical education classes, no small importance is given to active recreation, physical education and mass events in which parents and children of a neighboring preschool educational institution can take part. These activities include a health week, physical education leisure, physical education and sports festivals in the air and water, competition games, sports competitions.

The most favorable time to realize children's need for movement is a walk. If physical education or music lesson took place in the first half of the day, then it is advisable to organize games and exercises in the middle or at the end of the walk, and at the very beginning to provide the opportunity to play independently; on other days, it is advisable to organize the motor activity of children at the beginning of the walk, which will enrich the content of their subsequent independent games.

Physical activity during a walk should include

Jr preschool age Children are characterized by an emotional, direct perception of the toy, the image given in the game. It is known that children are characterized by so-called animism - the animation of animals, the involuntary endowment of them with human qualities. And the teacher must rely on this feature of children. Various elements of costumes and masks greatly enliven the game. For children of this age we use very simple games, built in most cases on one action, and the teacher immediately prompts this action to the children.

Middle preschool age B middle group, children are already interested in the result of the actions performed and the efforts expended. They always strive to run away from the catcher, climb higher, jump further, etc. At the same time, they still love story games. It is assumed that the children's movements have become more perfect and their coordination has improved. Therefore, during the game, the teacher’s attention should now be directed to improving running, jumping, and climbing. Consequently, games should be selected so that they gradually increase the complexity of movements.

C senior preschool age B senior group Children should know different counting rhymes. In addition to outdoor games, these groups use relay races based on a specific task. These games can be played with the whole group or with several children. There are games that cannot be organized with a large number of children, but they are very useful. These are mainly games with objects, with toys (balls, jump ropes, hoops, flags, etc.). While children are outdoors, it is necessary to involve children in outdoor games several times, choosing for them opportune moments. It happens that a child does not know what to do, begins to play pranks, and disturbs others. This is where you need to invite him to play with a ball, roll a hoop, jump over a rope, depending on what type of movements he needs to practice, what muscle groups to train. In the older group there should be a supply of such well-learned games that children can play at any time, both with a teacher and on their own.

Resources for developing physical activity Playground(running track, football goal, basketball hoops, simulators). Play area (out-of-the-box material, attributes for games and exercises, making the most of the playground space) Gymnasium (balls, hoops, jump ropes, skittles, ribbons, etc.) Sports corner in a group (attributes and task cards...) Music room

Did you know: that your child needs to move more on Wednesday and Thursday; Most of all, the child needs movement from 10 to 12 hours and from 15-17 hours. day; in spring - summer period the child’s motor activity increases; depriving a child of movement can cause stuttering and breakdown; any habit is developed within 21 days (for example, doing exercises).

Movement is life! Thank you for your attention!

Human motor activity is one of the necessary conditions maintaining the normal functional state of a person, a natural biological need of a person. Normal functioning of almost all human systems and functions is possible only with a certain level of physical activity.

Physical activity can reduce the risk of premature diseases and increase life expectancy. Physical activity is an integral component full life. She increases vitality, ensures the physical, mental and psychological well-being of a person, has a beneficial effect on his overall health and ways healthy image life.

It is necessary to engage in physical activity to stay healthy. And we must do this throughout our lives, not just during our youth or middle age. Benefit from physical training, regardless of a person’s age, is huge. Regular exercise provides good muscle tone and strength, helps maintain ideal weight by burning calories, and ensures strong and dense bones. In addition, they improve and support lung and heart function.

Types of physical exercises Strength exercises such as barbell lifting, pull-ups focus on increasing muscle mass and giving greater strength to muscles Cardio exercises such as cycling, running, swimming, skiing focus on increasing endurance and reducing body weight Muscle stretching exercises focus on improving body flexibility

Physical exercises: Accelerate the heart rate, and thereby stimulate blood circulation, ensuring the intensification of metabolic processes in the tissues of the body Help strengthen muscles Prevent dilatation of veins Give beautiful colour face Maintain skin elasticity Help correct posture Help normalize weight Strengthen bones Give flexibility to joints and ligaments Instill a taste for a regular and disciplined life.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Motor activity is any muscular activity that allows you to maintain good physical shape, improve your well-being, and provide a surge of energy that provides an additional stimulus to life. It is well known that in the process of human evolution, changes in the functions of the body affected, to a greater or lesser extent, all human systems. The most significant changes have undergone the human psyche and the processes of its influence on the regulators of the vital functions of the body. Scientific and technological progress in the process of human evolution has constantly increased the amount of necessary information, i.e. the load on the mind, while at the same time the obligatory physical activity decreased. This led to a disruption of the balance system that developed in the human body over a million years ago.

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Human body over the course of thousands of years, it has developed the ability to meet an external stimulus (threat) by mobilizing physical reserves. Currently, the strength of stimuli is constantly increasing, physical strength(muscles) are brought into readiness for action, but it is not possible to implement them. Most of the physical activity is performed by machines for humans. We seem to be in a situation of constant readiness for an action that we are not allowed to perform, and the body eventually begins to experience Negative consequences such a state.

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An increase in emotional stress is inevitable (the flow of information is constantly growing), and physical stress is constantly decreasing (mechanization of labor). To create conditions for maintaining your health at the required level, you need physical education. A person must develop a constant habit of doing physical exercise in order to ensure a harmonious balance between mental and physical stress. This is one of the main parts of an individual healthy lifestyle system.

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The most favorable time for its production - adolescence when there are no big life problems yet, and there are practically no objective obstacles to cultivating the necessary physical qualities. All you need is desire and perseverance to achieve your goal. Physical culture has always occupied leading place in preparing a person for active, fruitful life. It can successfully solve the problem of disturbed balance between the strength of emotional stimuli and the realization of the physical needs of the body. This Right way to strengthen spiritual and physical health.

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Physical education has an important impact on a person's ability to adapt to sudden and severe functional fluctuations. A person has a total of 600 muscles, and this powerful motor apparatus requires constant training and exercise. Muscular movements create a huge flow of nerve impulses sent to the brain, maintain the normal tone of the nerve centers, charge them with energy, and relieve emotional overload. In addition, people who constantly engage in physical activity look more attractive in appearance. Physical education is the best measure to prevent alcohol consumption, smoking and drug addiction.

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Training gives a person self-confidence. People who regularly engage in physical activity are less susceptible to stress, they cope better with worry, anxiety, depression, anger and fear. They are not only able to relax more easily, but also know how to relieve emotional stress with the help of certain exercises. Physically trained people are better able to resist illness, it is easier for them to fall asleep on time, they sleep more soundly, and they need less time to sleep. Some physiologists believe that every hour physical activity prolongs human life by two to three hours.

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To confirm this, let us turn to the statements of great people of different eras about the importance of a person’s physical activity for his health: “Nothing depletes and destroys a person more than prolonged physical inactivity. Life requires movement” (Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher). “Whoever perfectly combines gymnastics with music... we can rightly call him a completely harmonious person” (Plato, ancient Greek philosopher). “Gymnastics, physical exercise, and walking should become firmly established in the daily life of everyone who wants to maintain efficiency, health, and a full and joyful life” (Hippocrates, ancient Greek physician). “Movement is the storehouse of life” (Plutarch, ancient Greek writer, historian).

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“Watch your body if you want your mind to work correctly” (R. Descartes, French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and physiologist). “Walking enlivens and inspires my thoughts. Remaining at rest, I can hardly think; it is necessary that my body is in motion, then the mind also begins to move” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French writer and philosopher). “A person can live up to 100 years. We ourselves, through our intemperance, our disorderliness, our ugly treatment of our own body, reduce this normal period to a much smaller figure” (I.P. Pavlov, Russian physiologist). I Summarizing all that has been said, we can conclude that in order to ensure a good level of health, every person must have a trained, flexible body capable of achieving real plans for work in the process of life.

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In everyday life, in professional activity And in sports, a person needs certain speed qualities. They characterize his ability to move at maximum speed, perform various jumps associated with body movement, conduct martial arts, and participate in sports games. The main means of developing speed qualities are exercises that require quick motor reactions, high speed and frequency of movements. This includes sprinting, standing and running long jumps, high jumps, etc.

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Strength qualities a person is characterized by his ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it through muscle effort. The means of developing muscle strength are various strength exercises, which include exercises with external resistance and exercises with overcoming body weight. Exercises with external resistance may include exercises with weights, exercises with a partner, exercises with the resistance of elastic objects (rubber shock absorbers, various expanders, etc.), exercises with overcoming environmental resistance (running uphill, running on sand, snow, water and so on.). Exercises involving overcoming your own body weight may include gymnastic exercises (inversion lifting, pull-ups on the bar, push-ups while lying down and on parallel bars, rope climbing, etc.), athletics jumping exercises, exercises in overcoming obstacles on special training strips.

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The most important physical quality of a person that he needs in Everyday life, professional activity and when playing sports, is endurance. Endurance is defined as the ability to maintain a given load necessary to ensure life activity and to withstand fatigue that occurs in the process of performing work. Endurance manifests itself in two forms: the duration of work in a given mode until the first signs of fatigue appear and the rate of decline in performance. There are two types of endurance: special and general.