Will be knocking soon New Year at the door of every house, and all the inhabitants of our vast planet are looking forward to it with great impatience. Adults want to quickly complete all their urgent business in the old year and have a great rest on the upcoming holidays. And the kids, of course, expect wonderful gifts and fabulous magic from the New Year's celebration.
Every child in Russia knows well who is Santa Claus. This kind grandfather with a beautiful staff, in a long bright coat, with a snow-white beard and a large bag holiday gifts. This amazing and charming image is familiar to all of us from early childhood, from the time New Year's matinees. The snow residence of Father Frost and the Snow Maiden is located in Veliky Ustyug, where postcards and letters with children's wishes come.
In the countries of the world, Santa Claus is called by completely different names. Let's figure out who children are expecting in various places on the planet in new year's eve, and what are fairy-tale characters.
Santa's original names
- a plump favorite of American and Australian kids. He is dressed in a short purple jacket and pants, a cheerful cap on his head.
The good-natured old man rides through the air on fast deer, enters the house through the chimney. Santa Claus from Australia can dress much more original, for example, come to congratulate children in swimming trunks, because it is very hot there in winter. But such an outfit does not bother anyone, but only especially pleases Australian kids.
- lives in the snowy Lapland (Finland). Such a sonorous name was given to him not by chance. In ancient times, the grandfather, dressed in a goat's skin, delivered New Year's gifts on a white goat.
In Finnish, youlu means Christmas and pukki means goat. All letters with fabulous wishes are written by thousands of children in Lapland, the city of Rovaniemi. Finnish children adore their Joulupukki because he is very kind and has the most wonderful cap in the world.
Previously, Finnish children were very afraid of Joulupukki, he punished or carried away naughty children to himself. Not without reason, in translation from Finnish, Joulupukki is translated as "Christmas goat". Modern Joulupukki has become much kinder and even brings gifts to children.
lives in Denmark and Norway. These are wonderful characters - dwarfs with small beards, kind eyes and bright knitted hats.
It is Nissa who helps to choose the most beautiful Christmas tree for the holiday! Norwegian gnomes climb to the top of the fluffiest spruce and swing the tree until people notice. The most important brownie Nisse lives near Oslo, in the town of Drebak.
Norwegian "Santa Clauses" are small brownies. Nisse are kind and help people with housework. But the gnomes work exclusively at night, when people sleep.
(Father of Christmas) - a wonderful kind old man with a chic white beard from old England. Grandpa is dressed in a cute red suit and black morocco boots.
Local kids love to tell him different poems and sing funny songs, for which he gives them sweets and toys.
Every child in the United Kingdom strives to be good all year round so that Phaser Christmas will give you a treasured Christmas present. In England, children always write a letter to the English Santa Claus with a story about their own achievements and desired gifts and throw the letter into the fireplace.
- beloved Santa Claus from France. It means "Christmas father" in French. On a dark night, he drives up on a gray donkey to any house and wholeheartedly gives New Year and Christmas gifts.
Peer Noel nimbly enters the house through the chimney and neatly arranges his gifts in boots and boots specially displayed.
Pierre Noel is translated as "grandfather January". And it is not the Snow Maiden who accompanies him, but the strict dwarf Pierre Fuetard with a rod, who carefully checks that only obedient children receive gifts.
- New Year's character from Japan, translated as "Mr. New Year." Dressed in a beautiful blue kimono, he cheerfully walks around on foot throughout the “golden week” before the New Year holidays.
He joyfully looks into the windows of houses, although he does not give gifts, parents give gifts to children.
Segatsu-san congratulates the Japanese for 7 days - "golden week". But today, more and more often, small residents of Japan are waiting for Oji-san, who looks like an American Santa Claus.
Of course, you will ask: “Which of them is the best, kindest and magical?”. Perhaps this is not so important. The most important thing is that all Santa Clauses from all countries love their children, have time to come to each kid for the New Year and give only the desired and wonderful gifts.
In America - Santa Claus. Grey hair, neatly trimmed beard and mustache. Red short fur coat, pants and hat-cap. A dark leather belt with a buckle wraps around a thick belly. Thin white gloves. Often wears glasses. He smokes a pipe (although lately he has been trying not to “press” this element of the image), travels through the air on deer, enters the house through the chimney and tosses gifts into shoes and stockings left near the fireplace. The children leave milk and chocolate chip cookies for him.
Santa is a middle-aged man, overweight, cheerful and cheerful. Usually one appears, but dwarves and elves may accompany. The name "Santa Claus" first appeared in the press in 1773.
In Azerbaijan - "Saxta Baba"(Mine Baba, literally Santa Claus. The same Santa Claus, but in blue.
In Armenia - Dzmer papi(literally Winter grandfather) and Junanushik(literally “Snowy Anush” (Anush is sweet, as well as a female name).
In England - Father Christmas And Santa Claus
In Austria -Sylvester.
In Australia, Santa Claus since the climate does not allow wearing a fur coat, here Santa appears in a red bathing suit-overalls, but always in a hat with fur.
in Altai - Sook Taadak.
In Bashkortostan and Tatarstan - Kysh Babai.
In Bulgaria - Dyado Koleda or Dyado Mraz
In Belgium and Poland - St Nicholas.
In Belarus - Ded Moroz (Dzed Maroz). Dressed in a long fur coat to the toes, leans on a magic staff, does not wear glasses, does not smoke a pipe, leads healthy lifestyle life and does not suffer from noticeable fullness. The Belarusian Santa Claus lives in his residence (since December 25, 2003) on the territory of the National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha". Guests are met not only in winter, but all year round.
And here Snow Maiden comes to help Santa Claus only in winter, for the holidays. In addition to the house of Santa Claus itself, the estate has a separate house for the Snow Maiden - the Treasury (Skarbnitsa), where gifts and letters sent by children are stored. On the territory of the residence grows the tallest spruce in Europe (40 m), which is 120 years old.
Vietnamese the spirit of the new year is called Tao Kuen. Also called spirit family hearth. On New Year's Eve, he goes to heaven on a carp, which turns into a dragon, to report to the heavenly ruler about good deeds and actions of all family members. Therefore, sweets are placed near his image, many, many sweets. Tao Kuen will eat, his lips will stick together - he will not be able to tell very much.
In Holland and the Netherlands - Site-Kaas (Sinter Klaas, Sunderklass). Sinter Klaas arrives on horseback, dressed in a miter and a white episcopal robe, accompanied by his faithful servant, the Moor, nicknamed Black Peter, who carries a bag with gifts for obedient children and a rod for the naughty.
In Georgia- “Tovlis papa”, “Tovlis babua”
In France- New Year's good man is called "daddy" Peer Noel, which means "Father Christmas", he is dressed in all white. He walks with a staff and wears a wide-brimmed hat and a long fur coat. Previously accompanied by Pre fuettar- literally translated “dad with a whip”, who mercilessly whipped those who did not obey dad and mom. Now Per Noel often comes alone.Also in France there is another Santa Claus - Shaland, an old man with a beard and in fur hat and raincoat. And in his basket he keeps not gifts, but rods for naughty children.
In Sweden and Denmark- as in France there are two Santa Clauses: a stooped grandfather Yultomten(Yolotomten, Yul Tomten) is a little old man who lives in the forest and rides in a cart pulled by foxes. He is helped by a dwarf with a beard Yulnissar. Both of them are kind and leave presents for the children on the windowsills for the New Year.
In Germany- Weinachtsman, Kristkind, Niemand, Santa Nikolaus. Santa Nikolaus- a modern New Year's wizard. He comes with his assistant Knecht Ruprecht, which keeps a log of detailed description children's actions. In the 19th century. Ruprecht performed not only secretarial duties: he grabbed the most notorious naughty, put them in a bag or carried them into the forest into the huge pocket of his raincoat. the most ancient new year character is Nimand(Nobody). German children put the blame on him when they were naughty or broke something. On a festive night, he came on a donkey and brought sweets to obedient children. Children for these sweets put a plate on the table, and put hay in the shoes for his donkey. On the evening of December 24, when the Christmas trees are already lit, comes according to tradition Weinakhtsman(Christmas grandfather) and Christkind.
The Christmas grandfather is introduced as a friendly old man with a long white beard, a red hat and white fur, a bag of gifts and a cane. Sometimes he goes with him Polznickel. He is dressed up quite terribly, in contrast to the beautiful and meek Kristkind. He is wearing a topsy-turvy fur coat, intercepted by a chain, in one hand a rod for punishing the disobedient. Interestingly, unlike Weinakhtsman, they try not to let Poltsnikel into the house. He walks the streets, catches walkers, frightening with his chains and even forcing them to eat onions and garlic, which he specially carries with him.
But Polznikel is not considered evil, but rather harsh and fair. It is believed that with his chains he scares away evil spirits. Kristkind appears in a white outfit, holding a basket with traditional apples, nuts and sweets. Children could tell Christkind poems and sing songs, and for this they received gifts. Kristkind gives gifts only to obedient children, and the naughty ones are left empty-handed. Christkind is an invention of Martin Luther. Protestants did not recognize Catholic saints, but they wanted to keep the custom of giving gifts, so Kristkind was created, which distributed gifts to Protestant families on Christmas Day, December 25th. Then this image took root and Kristkind began to come more often to Catholic families, but Protestant families practically abandoned this character. In German folklore, children put carrots in their shoes for Odin's flying horse. And Odin gave them sweets in return.
In Greece and Cyprus- Santa's name is Vasily. Children sing a song: “Saint Basil, where are you, come, Saint Basil, give happiness, fulfill all my desires.” Here the prototype of the Nativity saint is Basil the Great of Caesarea, a younger contemporary of Nicholas. Saint Basil turned out to be Christmas because his memory is celebrated by the Greek church on the first of January. In the guise of a modern Greek St. Basil has many traits from his western counterpart. He is portrayed as an old man with a white beard who goes around the house and gives gifts to children.
In the north of Spain, in the Basque country - Olentzero. He does not melt with a flask of good Spanish wine, but he never forgets and gives gifts to children.
In Spain - Papa Noel. The tradition of celebrating the New Year with Santa Claus originated in the country relatively recently. Papa Noel did not appear here by chance, but appeared under the inspiration of Santa.
Spaniards are more accustomed to receiving gifts from the Fairy Kings, but Papa Noel was also welcomed here. Children are especially welcome. Now Papa Noel comes for Christmas and New Year, and on January 6, the Magic Kings come with gifts.
In India- the duties of Grandfather Mgoroz are performed by the goddess Lakshmi(goddess of happiness and prosperity). She is described as a goddess incredible beauty standing on a lotus and holding a lotus in two hands.
IN Italy- Santa Claus is generally a woman, and not just a woman, but a witch - an old woman Befana(La Befana). In her appearance, she resembles Baba Yaga from Russian fairy tales, but unlike Baba Yaga, Befana is terrible in her face, but kind inside. She flies on New Year's Eve through the chimney to each child's house and leaves gifts for good children, however, some people find coals instead of sweets. These are also sweets, only black, with bitterness. So Befana hints to girls and boys: remember, did you behave well last year, did you upset your parents?
There are also Babo Nattale- leaves his sleigh on the roof and enters the house through the chimney, where some milk and sweets are left for him.
In Lithuania - Senialis Šaltis(Old Man Frost)
In Kazakhstan - Ayaz-ata literal translation sounds like Grandfather Frost.
In Cambodia (in Kampuchea) - Ded Zhara. And the New Year is celebrated there for three days: from April 13 to 15.
In Kalmykia - Zul.
In Karelia - Pakkaine, which in translation from Karelian means Frost. Pakkaine is young. His birthday is December 1st.
In China - Sho Hing, Sheng Dan Laojen or Dong Che Lao Ren. He will definitely visit everyone. Chinese child and leave a gift for everyone. Sho Hin is a wise old man who wears silk robes, has a long beard, and studied Confucius, wushu and aikido. He travels around the country on a donkey.
In Colombia, Pascual.
In Karelia - Pakkainen.
In Mongolia -Uvlin Uvgun, and accompany it Zazan Ohin(Snow Maiden) and Tire Vein(boy New Year). New Year in Mongolia coincides with the festival of cattle breeding, so Uvlin Uvgun wears the clothes of a cattle breeder: in a furry coat and a large fox hat. In his hands he has a long whip, a flint, a flint and a snuffbox. It depends on him whether there will be plenty of milk and meat for the New Year's table.
In Norway- Make gifts for children Nisse(Yolinise) - cute little brownies. Nisse wear knitted caps. They also like tasty things (sweet oatmeal and a piece of butter). Even though the Nisse are caring protectors of the home, they are very vindictive - from damaging livestock to destroying an entire farm. And if you wish, you can become invisible. He loves attics and cupboards with dishes. Friendly with pets.
Later, the image of Nisse was transformed into Santa's Christmas helper. At the head of the Nisse clan is the son of that Nisse, who first gave two silver coins to a little girl more than four hundred years ago.
And it was like this: one Nisse accidentally saw a girl who on Christmas Eve put a bowl in the snow so that Nisse would leave some food for her. Nisse put two coins into the bowl. And then he liked this idea so much that every year he began to give coins and sweets to children. It is Nissa who is helped to choose the best spruce, worthy of decorating the whole city! They climb to the top of the most beautiful Christmas tree and swing on it until people notice.
In Savoy - Saint Schaland.
In Ukraine - Father Frost(Did Frost). But it is St. Nicholas, and not Santa Claus, who brings gifts (mykolaichiki) to children on the night of December 18-19 and puts them under the pillow.
In Uzbekistan - “Korbobo(To the delight of the children, on New Year's Eve, he enters the villages on horseback on a donkey, himself in a striped robe, in a patterned skullcap. And the Snow Maiden with him Korgyz also in a skullcap and she also has many, many braids, like any Uzbek girl.”- I found this information on the Internet, and my Uzbek friend told me this - Cor Bobo(literal translation Black Grandfather or Grandfather) the robe is like that of the Russian Santa Claus, only the color of the robe has some difference - it is white and blue. The girl next to him Kor Kyz, unlike the Russian Snow Maiden, who has a kokoshnik on her head - Kor Kyz has a cap that fits her head.
In Romania - most often you will meet the name Mosh Jarile, but it is not so. Now in Romania Santa Claus is called Mosh Krachun - Christmas in Romanian.According to a Romanian legend, the shepherd Crăciun sheltered the Virgin Mary. When she gave birth, he gave her and her Child cheese and milk.
Since then, Saint Mosh Krachun has been giving gifts to children. He comes from the outback Codri. Mosh Dzharile - this is a pseudonym for the time of the socialist period - now they have returned to the old name.
In Moldova - Mosh Krachun He also has his own retinue - these are the famous Pekale and Tyndale, as well as other national characters. Mosh Krachun wears not a red fur coat, but a traditional caftan with a belt decorated with a national pattern, and a sheep's kushma on his head.
In Russia - Father Frost. A tall, thin, but strong old man. Stern, stately, unsmiling, but kind and fair. walks in a white, blue or red sheepskin coat, with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, in felt boots. Pants are usually hidden under a sheepskin coat and are almost invisible, but linen pants and a shirt are white or decorated with ornaments. Belted with a wide belt. Wears embroidered gloves. He rides on three horses. Inseparable from his granddaughter Snegurochka . Sometimes a Snowman can also accompany. Since 1998, Veliky Ustyug has been considered the official residence of Santa Claus in Russia. Since 2005 official day Father Frost's birth is considered to be January 18, when in Veliky Ustyug the first very coldy. He enters through the door when he is called loudly three times and presents gifts. Or put gifts under the tree.
In Tuvai - Sook irey
In Tajikistan - Baboi Barfi
In Finland - Joulupukki. "Youlu" means Christmas, o "pukki" - a goat, that is, a Christmas goat. The fact is that many years ago, Santa Claus wore a goat skin, and delivered gifts on a goat. Gray hair, neat beard and mustache. Red jacket, pants and cap. Dark leather belt. Definitely glasses. He lives on Mount Korvantunturi (“mountain-ear”) either in a hut or in the mountain itself. along with his wife Muori (Maria) and the dwarves. In ancient times, he went home at Christmas (caroled), treated obedient children and punished the naughty (for which he carried rods with him). Subsequently, the educational moment was missed. The modern image and legend are largely taken from the American Santa Claus.
In the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Mikulas - comes on the night of December 5-6, on the eve of St. Nicholas Day. Outwardly similar to our Santa Claus. Long fur coat, hat, staff, with a top twisted into a spiral. Only now he brings gifts not in a bag, but in a shoulder box.
Yes, and it is not the Snow Maiden who accompanies him, but an angel in snow-white clothes and a shaggy imp. Mikulash is always happy to give good and obedient children an orange, an apple or some kind of sweetness. But if in the "Christmas boot" a hooligan or a loafer found a potato or a piece of coal, then this is definitely the work of Mikulas.
In Estonia - Jõuluvana and he looks like his Finnish cousin Joulupukki.
In the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Yamal Iri. In 2007, Yamal got its own Santa Claus, who gladly welcomes guests to his residence, gives them gifts, treats them and grants their wishes. year. This is one of the modern grandfathers: he has mobile phone, email, personal website. Yamal Iri travels a lot, conducts a ritual ceremony of initiation of travelers into the "Northern Brotherhood" on the "Arctic Circle" stele in Salekhard. Yamal Iri, in addition to a wonderful staff, also has a magic tambourine, specially made by Yamal masters for rituals and ceremonies. It is made of deerskin, and stretched over a strong wooden frame. The beater for a tambourine is made of birch and covered with deer fur. The tambourine is lilac and harmonizes with the white and clothes of Yamal Iri.
In Japan- since recently, two Santa Clauses have been competing: Segatsu-san and newbie Oji-san(a modified version of the American Santa). Unlike Oji-san, the traditional Segatsu-san has to go from house to house for a whole week, which the Japanese call “golden”. Dressed in a traditional Segatsu-san in a sky blue kimano. He does not give gifts, but only wishes everyone a Happy New Year. Gifts are given to children by their parents. Segatsu-san is called “Mr. New Year.
For the Japanese Santa Claus, small gates are built in front of the houses from bamboo sticks with pine branches. And richer people install dwarf trees of pine, plum or peach blossom - symbols of longevity, love of life and fidelity.
Children celebrate the New Year in new clothes, whatever next year be healthy and lucky. They play hanetsuki, participate in New Year's performances, build houses and figurines from snow (weather permitting), launch kites, and at night, pictures of sailboats are placed under the pillow so that seven wizards visit them, seven patrons of happiness.Segatsu-san, after
time in every possible way oppresses the young Santa Claus - Oji-san, and although it appeared in Japan quite recently, it has more and more fans. Oji-san brings gifts by sea and gives them to children. Dressed in a traditional red sheepskin coat. The New Year is traditionally announced by 108 bell strikes, each ringing kills one human vice. There are only six of them: greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity, indecision, envy. There are only 6 of them, but each has 18 shades. Therefore, it turns out 108 strokes.
Most popular gift in Japan - a rake made of bamboo (Kumade), so that there would be something to rake in happiness.
Do you know that even relatively recently - 200 years ago, our Santa Claus had nothing in common with a kind-hearted grandfather. And he was a mischievous little old man who liked to freeze everything. And the Russian Santa Claus kindled only at the end of the 19th century. Then he began to come to Christmas trees and bring gifts.
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Conversations for children on New Year and Christmas themes.
Author: Kopylova Natalya Nikolaevna, teacher-psychologist, MKOU Orphanage"Swallow's Nest", pos. NovovostochnyDescription: illustrated and described different Santas from some countries; This material will be useful to teachers, educators, parents, children.
Target: to acquaint children and adults with the names "Santa Claus" in different countries.
Tasks:
tell and illustrate different Santa Clauses from some countries;
develop memory, thinking, imagination, speech;
instill a sense of love, interest in the New Year holiday.
The story of the holiday "New Year": Santa Clauses from different countries.
Santa Claus appeared a long time ago. This is the magician who comes to wish everyone a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. And, of course, not empty-handed. Definitely with gifts. Each country has a different name for it.
Dwarfs are considered to be the ancestors of Santa Claus in some countries, wandering sellers of children's toys in others, and medieval wandering jugglers in others. But basically, many countries consider St. Nicholas the ancestor of Santa Claus. This is a real person who lived many, many centuries ago.
They all bring gifts, enter the house to give them, but each does it differently. They all have their own interesting outfit.
Let's get acquainted with the foreign colleagues of our Santa Claus.
We have in Russia that's what his name is - Father Frost. He has a staff in his hands and a white beard on his face. Comes to visit with gifts, puts them under Christmas tree. But he comes not alone, but with his granddaughter-assistant Snegurochka.
German a colleague is called Weinakhtsman or Christmas Grandfather.
This is a very friendly and mischievous old man with a long white beard. He is wearing a red coat with white fur and a large bag of gifts. He gives gifts to “good” children, and punishes “bad” ones.
The children also prepare for his arrival: they put a large plate for gifts on the table and stuff hay into their shoes, this is for the donkey.
Finnish friend's name Joulupkki.
He lives on Mount Korvantuntura, his wife's name is Muori.
IN Czech Republic, Slovakia the humblest grandfather. And all because no one has ever seen him. His name is hedgehog. His arrival is signaled by the sound of a bell.
Overseas Deputy of Japan- This Segatsu-san.
But it is gradually being replaced new grandfather Frost - Oji-san.
Children prefer it more, perhaps because of the traditional red sheepskin coat. And Segatsu-san is dressed in a blue kimono, and for a whole week, which the Japanese call "golden." But he does not give gifts, his parents do it for him.
American the assistant's name is Santa Claus.
His clothes are a red fur coat, trousers, a cap on his head, also red, and more glasses. He has his own reindeer team, on which he delivers gifts.
IN Norway the role of Santa Claus is played by little brownies-dwarfs Nisse.
To receive gifts, children have to set a large table for them, as they are very fond of sweets. They also wear knitted caps.
Greek assistant called Saint Basil.
He doesn't look like a chubby, rosy-cheeked old man at all.
Saint Basil wanted to feed the whole world. he did not carry a bag of gifts with him, he was famous mainly for good deeds.
IN Hungary – Nikalaush.
He does not walk alone, he is accompanied by an Angel and a Devil.
Before giving a gift, Nikalaush determines with the help of his assistants how the child behaved. Good kids get candy, bad kids get coals.
Colombian friend's name Papa Pasquale.
He is a very perky, noisy grandfather. His coming is not to be missed. Every step he takes is accompanied by fireworks.
IN Muslim countries brings gifts old man Khyzyr Ilyas, it comes in early May.
He wears a red cap, a green scarf and a robe with embroidered flowers.
IN Uzbekistan New Year's grandfather's name Kerbobo.
His attire is a red skullcap and a striped robe. He rides on a donkey with sacks New Year's gifts and gives them away.
Romanian Comrade looks like our Santa Claus. His name is Mosh Jerile.
IN India the functions of Santa Claus are performed by the goddess Lakshmi.
IN Africa there is also Santa Claus, despite the fact that this country is very hot. That's what they call him - Father Heat.
The people believe and believe that they live on the top of Mount Kilimanjaro, since only there is snow.
IN Yakutia very unique Santa Claus. name is Hey Dyl.
He is accompanied by his Ox - Ox of Frost or Ox of Winter. He has a horn that is starting to grow. The higher the horns, the stronger the frost.
Little Deputy from Sweden name is Yul Tomten.
His name translates as "Christmas gnome". He lives with his assistant in a magical forest. The helper's name is Dusty the snowman.
Mongolian Santa's competitor Uvlin Uvgun.
He has very original outfit. His assistant's name is Zazan Ohin, translates as "Snow Girl".
IN Holland – Sinter Klaas.
He sails on his magical ship.
French companion of Santa Claus - Per Noel.
He descends into the houses through the chimney and leaves the children gifts in New Year's shoes.
IN Belgium This St Nicholas.
In Belgium, it is believed that those who shelter St. Nicholas will get a golden apple. He is accompanied by an assistant - Black Peter.
All Santa Clauses give gifts. Some are kind, others can be mischievous. But, nevertheless, they are there to congratulate and bring even a small, but a piece of happiness, a little joy to every home.
Santas from different countries
Now, if there are a lot of “New Years” for the year in different countries, then what can we say about Santa Clauses! This popular Grandfather does not wander around his native forests and villages, but on New Year's Eve he also manages to please with his presence everyone who expects him and sincerely believes that Santa Claus will certainly come! So what are they "overseas Santa Claus" and where do they live?
Russia- Father Frost.
This is a tall man with a long white beard, in a red coat, with a staff and a bag of gifts. But earlier, the ancient Slavs represented him as a short, round-shouldered old man with a long gray beard. He walks through forests and fields, thumps with his staff and freezes ponds with ice. He does not like those who complain about the fierce winter, and those who rejoice, on the contrary, give vigor and a healthy hot blush. The image of our grandfather Morosh, which has survived to this day, was created by Soviet filmmakers in the mid-30s of the XX century.
Meet the brother of Santa Claus from Tatarstan -
Kysh Babai
Kindgrandfather Kysh Babai
, with whom his snowy granddaughter, Kar Kyzy, always comes, congratulates the kids on the New Year in Tatarstan. This suit winter wizard- blue. Kysh Babai has a white beard, sly eyes and a very kind smile.New Year's events with the participation of Kysh Babai in Tatarstan are accompanied by the presence of characters from Tatar folk tales- Shurale, Batyr, Shaitan. Kysh Babai, like our Santa Claus, gives gifts to children - he always has a full bag of them.
America
–
Santa Claus
.
Gray hair, neat beard trimmed short and mustache. Red short fur coat, pants and hat-cap. A dark leather belt with a buckle wraps around a thick belly. Thin white gloves. Often wears glasses. He smokes a pipe (although lately he has been trying not to “press” this element of the image), travels through the air on deer, enters the house through the chimney and tosses gifts into shoes and stockings left near the fireplace. The children leave milk and chocolate chip cookies for him.
Santa is a middle-aged man, overweight, cheerful and cheerful. Usually one appears, but dwarves and elves may accompany. The name "Santa Claus" first appeared in the press in 1773.
In Australia -Santa Claus,
since the climate does not allow wearing a fur coat, here Santa appears in a red bathing suit-overalls, but always in a hat with fur. 
Brother of Santa Claus
Sinterklaas from Holland
This winter wizard is a lover of navigation, because every year on New Year's Eve and Christmas he sails to Holland on a beautiful ship.
He is accompanied by many black servants who help in his travels, as well as in preparations for the festive New Year celebrations.
Brother of Santa Claus in Italy - Babbe Natale
The Italian winter wizard comes to every home. He does not need doors - he uses a chimney to go down from the roof into the room. In order for Babbe Natale to eat a little on the road, children always leave a cup of milk by the fireplace or stove.
Gives gifts to children in Italy Kind fairy La Befana, and mischievous people get embers from the fabulous evil sorceress Befana.
In her appearance, she resembles Baba Yaga from Russian fairy tales, but unlike Baba Yaga, Befana is terrible in her face, but kind inside. She flies on New Year's Eve through the chimney to each child's house and leaves gifts for good children, however, some people find coals instead of sweets. These are also sweets, only black, with bitterness. So Befana hints to girls and boys: remember, did you behave well last year, did you upset your parents?
Joulupukki in Finland - the brother of our Santa Claus, who lives in the mountains
The name of this winter wizard is translatedlike "Christmas grandfather". Joulupukki's house stands on a high mountain; his wife, kind Muori, also lives in it. A family of industrious gnomes help with the household chores of Joulupukki.
Joulupukki himself wears a jacket made of goatskin, wide belt made of leather, as well as a red cap.
In Greece and Cyprus- Santa's name isVasily.Children sing a song: “Saint Basil, where are you, come, Saint Basil, give happiness, fulfill all my desires.” Here the prototype of the Nativity saint is Basil the Great of Caesarea, a younger contemporary of Nicholas. Saint Basil turned out to be Christmas because his memory is celebrated by the Greek church on the first of January. In the guise of a modern Greek St. Basil has many traits from his western counterpart. He is portrayed as an old man with a white beard,who travels around the house and gives gifts to children.
Yakut
Ehee Dyl
- northern brother of Santa Claus
Ehee Dyyl has a wonderful and strong assistant - a huge bull. Every autumn this bull comes out of the ocean and tries to grow big horns. The longer the horn of this bull grows, the stronger the frost will be in Yakutia.
Yakut brother of Santa Claus - powerful Chyskhaan
The winter wizard from Yakutia has a peculiar costume - he wears a hat with bull horns, and the clothes simply amaze with the luxurious decoration. The image of Chyskhaan - the Yakut Bull of Winter - combined two prototypes - a bull and a mammoth, symbolizing strength, wisdom and power.
According to the legend of the Yakut people, in autumn Chyskhaan comes out of the ocean onto land, bringing cold and frost with it. In the spring, Chyskhaan's horns fall off - the frosts weaken, then the head falls off - spring comes, and the ice carries the body into the ocean, where it is miraculously restored until the next autumn.
The Yakut Chyskhaan has his own residence in Oymyakon, where guests can come to him and receive cold and frost as a gift.
Pakkaine - Karelian brother of Santa Claus
This - younger brother Santa Claus, because Pakkaine is young and does not have a beard. He has a permanent place of residence not far from Petrozavodsk, in the chum.
pakkaine has dark hair, he dresses in white clothes, a light sheepskin coat, a red cape and blue mittens. Pakkaine gives gifts, sweets to the children of Karelia and scolds the most mischievous ones for disobedience.
Yamal Iri - Father Frost's brother from Yamal
This winter wizard has a constantregistration in Yamal, in the city of Salekhard. Although Yamal Iri came out of the ancient legends of the indigenous Northern peoples, today he lives a completely modern life, uses the Internet and telephone.
Beating his magic tambourine, Yamal Iri drives away evil forces. If you touch the magic staff of Yamal Iri, then all your wishes will come true. The clothes of Yamal Iri are the traditional attire of the northern peoples: malitsa, kitties and jewelry made of mammoth bones.
Per Noel - brother of Santa Claus from France
.
Literally, Per Noel is translated as the father of Christmas. He comes along with old grandfather Shaland. Per Noel gives gifts to good children, and Schaland uses rods for naughty children. To appease Shaland, the children must sing a song in honor of his arrival. Not very Christmas in France family celebration, and most people celebrate it with friends in clubs, restaurants, loud music, champagne, etc.
St Nicholas from Belgium - the oldest winter brother of Santa Claus
Saint Nicholas is considered the very first, eldest Santa Claus. He is dressed in a snow-white episcopal robe and miter, this magician rides a horse. Saint Nicholas congratulates children in Belgium and gives gifts, he is accompanied everywhere by the Moor Black Peter, in whose hands are rods for mischievous people, and behind his back is a bag with gifts for obedient children.
Each family that shelters St. Nicholas at home will receive a gift from him
Golden Apple.
In Sweden and Denmarklike in France there are two Santa Clauses: a stooped grandfatherYultomten(Yolotomten, Yul Tomten) is a little old man who lives in the forest and rides in a cart pulled by foxes. Yulnissar, a dwarf with a beard, helps him. Both of them are kind and leave presents for the children on the windowsills for the New Year.
In India- the duties of Grandfather Mgoroz are performed by the goddessLakshmi(goddess of happiness and prosperity). She is described as a goddess of incredible beauty, standing on a lotus and holding a lotus in two hands.
In Germany
–
Weinachtsman, Kristkind, Niemand, Santa Nikolaus
. SantaNikolaus
–
modern New Year's wizard. He comes with his assistantKnecht Ruprecht
, which keeps a journal detailing the actions of children. In the 19th century. Ruprecht performed not only secretarial duties: he grabbed the most notorious naughty, put them in a bag or carried them into the forest into the huge pocket of his raincoat. The oldest New Year's character isNimand
(Nobody). German children put the blame on him when they were naughty or broke something. On a festive night, he came on a donkey and brought sweets to obedient children. Children for these sweets put a plate on the table, and put hay in the shoes for his donkey. On the evening of December 24, when the Christmas trees are already lit, comes according to traditionWeinakhtsman
(Christmas grandfather) andChristkind
.
The Christmas grandfather is introduced as a friendly old man with a long white beard, a red hat and white fur, a bag of gifts and a cane. Sometimes he goes with himPolznickel . He is dressed up quite terribly, in contrast to the beautiful and meek Kristkind. He is wearing a topsy-turvy fur coat, intercepted by a chain, in one hand a rod for punishing the disobedient. Interestingly, unlike Weinakhtsman, they try not to let Poltsnikel into the house. He walks the streets, catches walkers, frightening with his chains and even forcing them to eat onions and garlic, which he specially carries with him.
But Polznikel is not considered evil, but rather harsh and fair. It is believed that with his chains he scares away evil spirits. Kristkind appears in a white outfit, holding a basket with traditional apples, nuts and sweets. Children could tell Christkind poems and sing songs, and for this they received gifts. Kristkind gives gifts only to obedient children, and the naughty ones are left empty-handed.
IN Georgia– “Tovlis papa”, “Tovlis babua”
In Mongolia - Uvlin Uvgun, and is accompanied by Zazan Ohin (Snow Maiden) and Sheena Zhila (boy New Year). New Year in Mongolia coincides with the festival of cattle breeding, so Uvlin Uvgun wears the clothes of a cattle breeder: in a furry coat and a large fox hat. In his hands he has a long whip, a flint, a flint and a snuffbox. It depends on him whether there will be plenty of milk and meat for the New Year's table.
In Norway – Making gifts for childrenNisse (Yolinise) - cute little brownies.Nisse wear knitted caps. They also like tasty things (sweet oatmeal and a piece of butter). Even though the Nisse are caring protectors of the home, they are very vindictive - from damaging livestock to destroying an entire farm. And if you wish, you can become invisible. He loves attics and cupboards with dishes. Friendly with pets.
Later, the image of Nisse was transformed into Santa's Christmas helper. At the head of the Nisse clan is the son of that Nisse, who first gave two silver coins to a little girl more than four hundred years ago.
And it was like this: one Nisse accidentally saw a girl who on Christmas Eve put a bowl in the snow so that Nisse would leave some food for her. Nisse put two coins into the bowl. And then he liked this idea so much that every year he began to give coins and sweets to children. It is Nissa who is helped to choose the best spruce, worthy of decorating the whole city! They climb to the top of the most beautiful Christmas tree and swing on it until people notice.
In Finland - Joulupukki. "Youlu" means Christmas, o "pukki" - a goat, that is, a Christmas goat. The fact is that many years ago, Santa Claus wore a goat skin, and delivered gifts on a goat. Gray hair, neat beard and mustache. Red jacket, pants and cap. Dark leather belt. Definitely goggles. He lives on Mount Korvantunturi (“mountain-ear”) either in a hut or in the mountain itself. along with his wife Muori (Maria) and the dwarves. In ancient times, he went home at Christmas (caroled), treated obedient children and punished the naughty (for which he carried rods with him). Subsequently, the educational moment was missed. The modern image and legend are largely taken from the American Santa Claus.
In the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Mikulas -
comes on the night of December 5-6, on the eve of St. Nicholas Day. Outwardly similar to our Santa Claus. Long fur coat, hat, staff, with a top twisted into a spiral. Only now he brings gifts not in a bag, but in a shoulder box.
Yes, and it is not the Snow Maiden who accompanies him, but an angel in snow-white clothes and a shaggy imp. Mikulash is always happy to give good and obedient children an orange, an apple or some kind of sweetness. But if in the "Christmas boot" a hooligan or a loafer found a potato or a piece of coal, then this is definitely the work of Mikulas.
In Moldova - Mosh KrachunHe also has his own retinue - these are the famous Pekale and Tyndale, as well as other national characters. Mosh Krachun wears not a red fur coat, but a traditional caftan with a belt decorated with a national pattern, and a sheep's kushma on his head.
In Savoy - Saint Schaland.
In Ukraine – Father Frost (Did Frost). But it is St. Nicholas, and not Santa Claus, who brings gifts (mykolaichiki) to children on the night of December 18-19 and puts them under the pillow.
In Lithuania - Senialis Šaltis (Old Man Frost)
In Kazakhstan - Ayaz-ata literal translation sounds like Grandfather Frost.
In Cambodia (in Kampuchea) - Father Heat. And the New Year is celebrated there for three days: from April 13 to 15.
In Kalmykia - Zul.
In Karelia - Pakkaine, which in translation from Karelian means Frost. Pakkaine is young. His birthday is December 1st.
In China - Sho Hing, Sheng Dan Laojen or Dong Che Lao Ren. He will definitely visit every Chinese child and leave a gift for everyone. Sho Hin is a wise old man who wears silk robes, has a long beard, and studied Confucius, wushu and aikido. He travels around the country on a donkey.
In Colombia, Pascual.
In Karelia - Pakkainen.
Uzbekistan – “Korbobo (To the delight of the children, on New Year's Eve, he enters the villages on horseback on a donkey, himself in a striped robe, in a patterned skullcap. And the Snow Maiden with himKorgyz also in a skullcap and she also has many, many braids, like any Uzbek girl.”
In Romania - most often you will meet the nameMosh Jarile, but it is not so. Now in Romania Santa Claus is calledMosh Krachun - Christmas in Romanian. According to a Romanian legend, the shepherd Crăciun sheltered the Virgin Mary. When she gave birth, he gave her and her Child cheese and milk. Since then, Saint Mosh Krachun has been giving gifts to children.
