Municipal government general educational institution
for children with disabilities health
"Boarding School"
Yurga urban district
Project
Topiary
"Tree of Happiness"
Gerasimenko Anastasia Alekseevna
8th grade student
Project Manager:
Healthy Valentina Viktorovna
teacher professional
Yurga 2016
Table of contents 1. Introduction. Justification for choosing the project topic………………….. 3
Goals and objectives of the project………………………………….…………. 4
Historical reference ……………………………………………. 5
4. Model selection and environmental analysis of the project….……………. 7
5. Artificial topiary - what is it made of?.................................... 8
6. Photo report…………………………………………………………… 10
7. Organization of the workplace……………………………………… 11
8. Do-it-yourself miracle tree (technological sequence of work) …………………………………………………... 12
9. Economic justification for the project……………….………………… 13
10. Conclusion……………………………………………………… 14
11. Self-esteem……………………………………………………… 14
12. List of information sources used………………… 15
13. Applications
Annex 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Introduction
Project justification
I think I won’t be wrong if I say that every person has wondered what they can give for their birthday! But not everyone is able to buy or give the intended gift. And so I found very original gift, which you can make with your own hands - Topiary. I really liked it because it’s easy to make and doesn’t take long. I decided to try it because my friend's birthday is coming up.
Rationale for choosing a model
Before I decided to make topiary, I thought for a long time what to give me. Maybe give her these candy roses.
But then I thought, the candy will be eaten and there will be nothing left.
Then I came across this tree and decided to make something similar to this.
Project topic : Topiary is a tree of happiness.
Target project
Project objectives:
Hypothesis: We will assume that we can make a topiary with our own hands that will bring happiness, and its cost will be less than that bought in a store.
Research methods:
studying various sources of information;
analysis and synthesis of information;
modeling crafts and practical work.
Project stages:
Informational (search for information on the project topic).
Technological (modeling, practical work on making crafts, creating a technological map).
Generalization of activities, conclusions.
Presentation of performance results.
This work provides brief historical information about the emergence of topiary art; the developed practical material is also recommended for art lessons, labor training, club activities and family leisure.
Historical reference
This type of needlework is extremely popular these days. Although until recently it was the domain of exclusively professionals. Namely, gardeners.
But let's return to the roots.... Topi aria (topiary, topiary) was originally a type of gardening art, which consisted of decorative pruning of trees and shrubs. (Annex 1)
The tradition of topiary trimming of trees and shrubs originates in the gardens of the Roman Empire. Pliny the Elder's Natural History describes topiaries in Roman courtyards and gardens, and the credit for creating the first neatly trimmed tree is attributed to Caesar's courtier named Calvena. However, modern historians believe that the Romans borrowed the very idea of pruning trees from Egypt and the countries of Middle Asia (remember the famous “Hanging Gardens” of Babylon).
Topiaries were liked and quickly became widespread in the atriums of Roman villas. Gardeners responsible for park landscapes and sculptures (they were called topiaries) used topiaries to create fancy green statues - in the form of various geometric shapes, animal figures, etc.
With the expansion of the Roman Empire, the tradition of topiary topiary spread throughout Europe.
In the Middle Ages, with the decline of the Roman Empire and the advent of Christianity, the art of topiary seemed to decline. But unexpectedly, the church gave him new development. The monks, who always valued the silence and solitude of gardens for prayer and meditation, preserved and even improved the art of creating gardens and flower beds. For almost a thousand years, topiary art was hidden behind monastery walls.
This was the case before the advent of the Renaissance... The flourishing of all types of art, the appeal to ancient Cannes also revived the art of creating classical gardens in the so-called formal style. Topiary art has also experienced a real revival.
The change in architectural style also contributed to this. From now on, mansions, palaces and estates ceased to resemble fortresses and bastions, their construction acquired a completely different meaning - the creation of a home, often overly bright and pompous. Ostentatious luxury came into fashion, including in garden decoration.
Sophisticated garden designs of the time sought to embody in plants the ornaments of home tapestries, carpets, engravings and stucco moldings, and gardens began to appear in which plants were made in the form of a cube, ball, pyramid, model trees, shapes depicting people, animals and other objects. Topiaries were widely used to create long walking alleys and labyrinths that were popular at that time, as tapeworms, and also in the form of endless hedges of different heights bordering flower beds and ornamental vegetable gardens.
Examples of such gardens with topiary have been perfectly preserved and are still maintained in their original form (for example, Versailles and its numerous imitations, the gardens of Hampton Court Palace in England and others).
Later, topiary art spread to Holland, and from there the fashion for topiary came to England in 1660, where it received powerful development. The seventeenth century is rightfully considered the peak of the popularity of topiary. In those years, they also appeared in Russia, in the decoration of palaces and gardens in the suburbs of St. Petersburg - Peterhof, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoe Selo...
However, gradually the so-called natural landscapes came into fashion, and topiaries were practically consigned to oblivion. However, the desire to create more intimate gardens on estates sparked a new surge of interest in them in the 19th century. The most progressive gardeners decorated country houses with sparse topiaries, yew hedges and semi-formal knot gardens and neatly trimmed lawns. Thus, a style was gradually born that is now considered exclusively British.
At the end of the 20th century, the fashion for topiary art returned: it again became fashionable to decorate parks and gardens with graceful or fancy shapes with trees and shrubs, and to build sculptures from fresh flowers. And since the masters of such sculpture are now called florists, the idea of cutting plants in a figurative manner extended to those that were grown in pots. So topiary from a landscape gardening object became a subject of interior design.
Model selection and environmental analysis of the project
Having assessed my capabilities, I decided to maketopiary made from nylon shreds, because I really like it and it is original in production. To perform topiaryWe don’t spend a lot of effort and money, and in the end we get a very beautiful souvenir and decor.Magically beautiful and very easy!
When starting to make topiary, I proceeded from certain requirements for it:
Requirements for topiary
Product namesTopiary
Functional purpose
Souvenir, gift
Material requirements
Environmentally friendly, durable
Manufacturing method
Manual
Appearance
Original
Requirements in terms of safety of use
The product does not have accessories that can cause injury and is not harmful to health.
Environmental requirements
Environmental Safety
Economic requirements
Inexpensive, accessible
Aesthetic requirements
Highly artistic, unique
Making topiary by hand is an environmentally friendly production because:
During manufacturing, the atmosphere is not polluted;
During production there are no emissions of substances harmful to human health;
Almost waste-free production.
Artificial topiary - what is it made of?
The tree of happiness consists of a crown, a trunk and a pot into which plaster is poured or plasticine is placed.
The height of the tree can vary from 40 to 70cm. Depending on the size and appearance tree, it can be installed directly on the floor, on open shelves, a coffee table, etc.
Topiaries are not miniature replicas of any specific tree. Therefore, the type and shape of the tree’s crown depends on the imagination of its creator. The most popular shapes are heart and ball.
To make a “tree of happiness” we will need:
Potty . You can buy a plastic one and cover it with fabric, paper, or you can make it yourself from scrap materials, for example from a can the desired shape and then decorate it.
Glue . Any universal glue or PVA.
Stick for the trunk . Any suitable stick, it can be twigs or barbecue skewers. They are wrapped with ribbons, corrugated paper, or painted.
Crown . You can use it as a base various materials: polystyrene foam, plastic ball (for example, Christmas ball), paper, plasticine. Paper ball can be made from crumpled paper and wrapped with thread.
To decorate the topiary crown, use: feathers, pebbles, cones, shells, moss, coffee, shells or whole pistachios, napkins, corrugated paper, ribbons, beads, decorative butterflies and birds.
Depending on the material used for the crown, the tree will acquire its own character. For example, a “coffee tree” - the crown consists entirely of coffee beans, a “fruit tree” - a crown made from imitation fruits, a “paper tree” - a crown created using the quilling technique, kusudama, or from corrugated paper. (Appendix 2)
Gypsum. It is poured into a pot. As soon as you make the solution, quickly stir it, pour it into the pot and stick a stick in before it hardens. You can mix the solution directly in the pot. The main thing is to remember to seal the hole in the bottom so that the solution does not leak out.
When designing a tree of happiness, you must consider the following:
The diameter of the pot should not be larger than the diameter of the ball.
Choose a longer stick for the trunk, with a margin, since the stick is attached to the pot almost to the base and plus a ball is put on it. If you do not calculate the length, then with a short stick the topiary will look unsightly.
Beginners first need to buy a pot, and only then come up with a topiary for it.
Dust from a tree can be removed with a regular hairdryer, but with a cold jet.
It is advisable not to drop the tree or place it in direct sunlight.
Photo report
So, I will need:
Nylon flaps (blanks)
Newspaper ball
Pot (coffee jar)
Barrel (sushi stick)
Decor (small beads, butterfly, ladybugs made of salt dough, brown braid leftover from curtains)
Super glue
Construction plaster (to strengthen our tree in a pot)
Workplace organization
Working with scissors, a needle and super glue requires caution andattention, therefore compliance with safety precautions is mandatory.
Safety requirements before starting work:
-
place the working tools and material in the designated place
place, in a convenient and safe manner for use.
Safety requirements during operation:
keep the workplace tidy and clean, do not allow it to be cluttered with tools, waste and debris;
be careful, don’t get distracted;
the light on your work should fall from the left side;
The body position when working should be comfortable, the distance to the work being performed should be 25-30 cm.
Sanitary and hygienic requirements
1. Before starting work, you must wash your hands.
2 . It is recommended to take breaks from work at least every 1.5 hours, since this activity tires the eyes and spine.
Miracle - DIY tree
Stages of making topiary: (Appendix 3)
We make a ball from newspaper and thread.
We fix the result using plaster in a pot (in order to save money, this is a coffee jar covered with jute twine)
We cut a strip of fabric “on the bias”, fold it along its length, place bias stitches along the edge, pull it together and shape the bud.
Glue the roses and leaves to the ball using super glue.
6. Decorate with beads, ladybugs, butterflies, and braid.
I'm glad I was able to learn how to do this miracle. Such works will decorate the house and bring joy to loved ones. (Appendix 4)
Economic justification
The cost of production is the sum of all costs for the production of products and their implementation (sale).
In order to reduce the cost of the product, you can use the remains of nylon fabric, yarn, paper, ribbon, beads, beads that are always available at home. Scissors, nylon tape,, pot, super glue I had.
So, I calculated the cost of my tree.
Flap Capron (flap, leftover from curtains) – 0 rub.
Newspaper ball – 0 rub.
Barrel (sushi stick) – 0 rub.
Pot (coffee jar, trimmed with 3 m twine) – 10 rubles.
Braid 30 cm – 5 rub.
Beads – 0 RUR, old grandmother’s beads
Ladybugs made from salt dough – 0 rub.
Butterfly – 15 rub.
Construction plaster - 0 rubles, was taken from dad, no money was spent.
Thus, the cost of topiary is equal to3 0 rubles.
The cost does not include the cost of the work, since it was made independently, therefore project work economical and practical.
Conclusion.
I worked on this project for 4 days. Everything was done with great enthusiasm and diligence. And despite the fact that not everything was easy, I am incredibly glad that I managed to bring my idea to life.
Now on my friend’s windowsill there will be a gorgeous Tree of Happiness.
Self-assessment of work
Material costs are small, so I believe that the task I set - to spend as little as possible - has been completed.Overall it turned out to be a beautiful product. I am very pleased with the result, I achieved my desired goal! (Appendix 5)
Don't know what to give? Do you want your gift to be original and beautiful? Then our topiary is for you! It will bring comfort to your home and will be a great addition to the interior!
This amazing, beautiful and inexpensive gift will not leave anyone indifferent!
Bibliography
Yu. S. Tyurina, M. A. Korovina, article: TOPIAR FORMS IN HISTORICAL ESTATES AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT - Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering - Association of Landscape Architects and Engineers of Russia - free access: http://www.alairnn.ru /print.php?a=articles&articles=83
Parshin A., Regular garden - M.: ZAO "Rosmeen-Press", 2005. - 96 p.
A. Zinde “Measure seven times” Published in the magazine “Landscape Design” No. 1-08-2009
Cand. biol. Sciences Svetlana Chizhova, TOPIAR ART, website Landscape Art – http://www.landy-art.ru/helpful_information/publications/index.html/id/144
Topiar, Wikipedia in Russian, http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki –
Topiary art, website Patee.ru section “garden” - http://www.patee.ru/house/garden/view/?id=20077
A brief history of Topiary -: http://www.flora-expo.ru/history-topiary.html
From the history of topiary art -
Annex 1
Topiary gardens
Appendix 2
Types of topiary
Appendix 3
Routing
We wrap the stick with braid and glue it into the ball.
Paper ball, stick, braid, glue
We fix the result with plaster in a pot (in order to save money, this is a coffee jar covered with twine)
Plaster, water, pot, paper ball
We cut a strip of fabric “on the bias”, fold it along its length, place bias stitches along the edge, pull it together and shape the bud.
Scissors, nylon, thread, needle.
Glue roses and leaves to the ball using super glue
Super glue, rose flower blanks and leaves
Decorate with beads
ladybugs, butterfly, braid.
Super glue, beads, butterfly, braid,
ribbon, ladybugs
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Project protection
(Slide 1) Hello members of the jury and guests of the competition.
Theme of my project – topiary “Tree of Happiness”
(Slide 2) Target project – making an original gift with your own hands - topiary.
Project objectives: (you can see on the slide)
1. Get acquainted with the history of topiary.
2. Learn the techniques of making topiary.
3. Develop a technological map for making topiary.
4. Prepare the necessary materials and tools.
5. Make a tree of happiness with your own hands and calculate its cost.
Expected result: topiary - “Tree of Happiness”.
(Slide 3)Planned gift
I think I won’t be wrong if I say that every person has wondered what they can give for their birthday! But not everyone manages to buy or give the intended gift. And so I found a very original gift that you can make with your own hands - Topiary. I really liked it because it’s easy to make and doesn’t take long. I decided to try it because my friend's birthday is coming up.
(Slide 4)Topiary gardens
(click) Topiary is a common interior decoration in European floristry. A very good solution for those who don’t “love” houseplants. This is a very original composition that always attracts attention.
(click) Initially, topiary was a garden with decorative trimmed plants and sculptures created from artistically trimmed trees. The art of topiary has a long history.
(click) Thus, even in Ancient Egypt and Persia, the ability to give bushes and trees geometric shapes. In Russia, such skill spread under Peter I, who had heard a lot about the strange bushes and trees growing in the gardens of the rulers of Europe. He ordered the gardeners of his yard to immediately study all the intricacies of this matter.
(slide 5)Topiary for interior
And now topiary is the name for small original trees, for the production of which natural and artificial materials are used. Topiary is decorative in nature, and what it will be made of depends only on the author’s imagination.
(slide 6)Artificial topiary - what is it made of?
The tree of happiness consists of a crown, trunk and pot. The height of the tree can be from 40 to 70cm.
Potty . You can buy it, or you can make it yourself from scrap materials, for example, from a jar of the desired shape, and then decorate it.
Glue . Any universal or PVA.
Stick for the trunk . Any suitable one, it can be twigs and skewers for barbecue. They are wrapped with ribbons, corrugated paper, or painted.
Crown . You can use various materials as a base: foam, plastic ball, paper. A paper ball can be made from crumpled paper by wrapping it with thread.
To decorate the topiary crown use:
(slide 7) natural material (shells, cones, nuts, feathers)
(slide 8) available materials (coffee, paper, fabric different types, coins)
(Slide 9)Photo report
To make it I needed:
Remains of nylon
Newspaper ball
A pot is a coffee can covered with twine.
The trunk is a sushi stick
The decor is small beads, a butterfly, ladybugs made from salt dough
Braid (for wrapping the barrel)
Super glue
Construction plaster (to strengthen our tree in a pot)
(Slide 10)Stages of making topiary:
(click) Make a ball from newspaper and thread.
(click) We wrap the stick with braid and glue it into the ball.
(click) We fix the result with plaster in the pot
(click) Cut a strip of fabric “on the bias”, fold it along its length, place bias stitches along the edge, pull it together and shape the bud.
(click) Glue the roses and leaves to the ball using super glue.
(click) Decorate with beads, ladybugs, butterflies, and braid.
(Slide 11)The result of my work
Since II used the remains of nylon, yarn, paper, ribbon, beads available at home,ladybugs and salt dough leaves, pot, super glue, then the cost of my work was only 30 rubles.I worked on this project for 4 days. Everything was done with great passion and diligence. And despite the fact that not everything was easy, I am glad that I was able to bring my idea to life.
Now it will show off on my friend’s windowsill original Tree happiness.
(Slide 12)
To everyone who waits and believes and knows how to dream,
I'll give it to each tree - let it warm you too. Just don’t throw it away, just take care of it,
Warm your heart and give it to others!
Self-assessment of work
Self-esteem presupposes strict self-critical monitoring of one's work.The project I had in mind has been completed.Material costs are low.Overall it turned out to be a beautiful product. I am very pleased with the result, I achieved my desired goal!
Thank you for attention!
Municipal budgetary educational institution
“Secondary school No. 30 with in-depth study of individual subjects”
Research
"Do it yourself topiary"
Head: Davletshina Nailya
Zakarievna primary teacher
Nizhnevartovsk 2017
Introduction
Relevance ________________________________________________ 3
1. Purpose of the study. Task. Object of study.
Subject of study. Research methods. Hypothesis.____________ 3-4
2. Main part
2.1. What is topiary________________________________________________4
2.2. History of origin_______________________________________________4-5
2.3. Types of topiary and their symbolism________________________________ 5-7
2.4. Questionnaire______________________________________________7
2.5.How to make topiary?________________________________________________7-8
2.6. Materials and tools__________________________________________8-10
2.7. How to care for topiary?_________________________________10
3. Conclusion_________________________________________________ 10
Literature and Internet sources________________________________ 11
Applications________________________________________________ 12-16
Introduction
Relevance topiary is due to the fact that the product self made It is always considered a valuable gift with a unique warmth. The Tree of Happiness symbolizes good luck. There is a strong belief that a house that has this tree will attract positive energy. People who have it will not experience serious problems.
Everyone loves to receive gifts for any holiday. They bring a lot of fun and joy into our lives. One of the important attributes of the holiday are gifts. I had a problem: what to give my sister for her wedding anniversary so that she would be especially pleased. You can simply congratulate, you can give a gift, bought in a store or made with your own hands. I don’t work, so I’ll have to ask my mom for money, but I wouldn’t want to do that, there won’t be a surprise. I believe that any gift will be more valuable if you make it yourself.
I really enjoy working with different materials. It's fun and gives good results. In technology classes, I became acquainted with various types of materials processing technologies. Using information from the Internet and looking through various magazines on applied arts, I decided to develop and produce a tabletop composition - Topiary (tree of happiness).
2.1 Purpose of the study:
Get acquainted with the history of the creation of topiary, its magical meaning, create a topiary using an unusual and original technique to decorate the interior, which will become a magical welcome gift.
Tasks:
Study the history of the origin of topiary.
Determine what types of topiaries are divided into, their symbolism.
Determine what their magical power is and where to place such trees according to Feng Shui.
Get acquainted with the technology of creating these trees.
Make a product with your own hands.
Research methods:
search (selection and systematization of literature on the research topic), research, practical, project activities.
Object of study: topiary.
Subject of study: DIY topiary.
Hypothesis: topiary, made using any technique, can serve as decoration for the interior of a room.
2. Main part
2.1What is topiary
Topiary is a composition that is an artificial tree in a pot with a long trunk and a round crown. These magical trees are decorated with various materials: ribbons, pebbles, coffee beans and much more. It all depends on your imagination.
2.2 History
Topiary is the oldest type of gardening art, which is very popular in the West. This is the art of curly pruning of trees and shrubs, as a result of which the most bizarre and amazing figures and sculptures for the landscape and unusual green hedges are created. Topiary art originated in Ancient Persia as a way of changing the natural shape of the crown of plants. Then it spread to Egypt. During Roman expansion into the Middle East, topiary art was brought to Rome with a stream of slaves from Egypt, Palestine, Persia and Syria. There it gained wide popularity on the estates of the Romans; there were special workshops of gardeners who created living masterpieces. With the help of complex special devices, the crowns of plants were given clear shapes. In Japan, topiary refers to the art of Bonsai.
Topiary was once widely represented at Versailles. Topiar was also widespread in Holland, and from there the fashion for topiary came to England in 1660, where it received powerful development.
In 17th century France, wealthy citizens literally competed among themselves in the beauty of the garden, and the responsibility for “winning” or “losing” in such a competition naturally lay with the topiary. Therefore, good gardeners, masters of topiary, in those days were literally worth their weight in gold.
In Russia, such skill spread under Peter I, who had heard a lot about outlandish bushes and trees of unnatural shapes growing in the gardens of the rulers of Europe. He ordered the gardeners of his yard to immediately study all the intricacies of this skill, which is why he sent them abroad to study. Upon returning home, they immediately set to work in the new city - St. Petersburg. But foreign bushes and trees did not tolerate Russian frosts well, and therefore they had to look for suitable domestic “green” analogues. They were rowan, spruce, linden, juniper, bird cherry. Interesting examples of topiary can be seen in Gurzuf Park in Crimea. The park was founded in 1803 by order of the Duke of Richelieu.
In addition to rare plants, in the park you can see many sculptures, fountains, and busts famous people- Gorky, Mitskevich,
Chaliapin, Chekhov, Mayakovsky, Lesya Ukrainka, and of course Pushkin, who spent several weeks in Gurzuf during his “southern exile.” Together with the family of General Raevsky, Alexander Sergeevich came to Gurzuf in August 1820, they settled in the house of the Duke of Richelieu. A cypress tree grew near the house, which the young poet liked. Even in a letter to his friend, Pushkin wrote about his favorite tree. The cypress tree still grows near the house, and the house of the Duke of Richelieu now bears the name “Pushkin Museum”.
But still, the main attraction of the park is its extraordinary fountains and sculptural compositions.
Nowadays topiary art is experiencing its new heyday. And not only in landscape design. Original small trees for which they are used natural materials, also called topiary. Topiary is not an imitation of a specific tree in nature - it is a decorative work in which the crown can take on a wide variety of shapes.
Topiary or “European tree” is used to decorate the interior. This is a very dynamic composition that always attracts attention. They fit perfectly into any interior and serve as home decoration. Moreover, topiaries are often called “trees of happiness” and therefore everyone is happy to receive such a craft as a gift.
2.3 Types of topiary and their symbolism
The magical power of topiary According to the dictionary of symbols, the tree is the highest natural symbol of dynamic growth, seasonal dying and regeneration. Many trees have been considered sacred or magical in various cultures. Respectful attitude to the magical power of trees is based on primitive beliefs that gods and spirits live in them. The symbolism of animate trees has been preserved in European folklore in the images of the tree man or the green man. IN fairy tales trees can both protect and fulfill wishes. As mythology developed, the idea of a mighty tree that formed the central axis of the flow of divine energy linking the supernatural and natural worlds evolved into the symbolic image of the Tree of Life or the Cosmic Tree. In its form, a tree is a symbol of development; its branches, representing diversity, extend from the trunk, which is a symbol of unity. In many traditions, the Tree of Life features stars, lights, globes, or fruits, symbolizing the planets or the cycles of the sun and moon. The fruit of the Tree of Life can also symbolize immortality. In China, for example, it is a peach. Many other fruit-bearing trees are represented as the Tree of Life - the sycamore in Egypt; almonds in Iran; palm or pomegranate in other regions of Central Asia.
Different types of topiary, their symbolism and placement according to Feng Shui Topiary art is very widely developed in our time, and there are countless types of topiary.
If you want to attract money into your home and get rich, then you need to place a money topiary at home. Money topiary is a tree that has coins instead of leaves. 
There is a Chinese legend about a tree with gold coins instead of leaves, which says that when you shake the tree, gold coins fall to the ground like raindrops. By the way, rain of coins is one of the popular themes in Chinese fine art. Therefore, the money tree is considered a symbol of wealth and abundance, and one of the best Feng Shui talismans for the southeastern sector of Wealth. Many people don’t know where to put a money tree for material well-being.
The money tree will feel best on a window, but not just any window, namely those facing the southeast side. The southeast is considered the wealth sector, so to attract money it must be located in this place. 
Coffee topiary– this is a present for a real coffee lover; the fragrant topiary will invigorate and give strength throughout the day. These topiaries are a symbol of the unquenchable vitality and energy. The coffee tree protects the family in which it lives from quarrels and negative energy. In this case, it needs to be placed in the love zone, so you will help your life change for the better, your family ties will become much stronger, and stability will appear. A topiary made from coffee beans in the shape of a heart will be a wonderful gift for your partner on Valentine's Day, which will become a source of unquenchable mutual love. This homemade coffee topiary would look appropriate in a box with wedding gifts or souvenirs designed to attract the energy of love into your home.
Floral topiary. This topiary will delight you with floral colors all year round. You can put it on the window and on a sunny day admire how the light plays on the petals of flowers made of satin ribbons, and if you add a drop of rose-scented essential oil to several buds, the tree will exude a unique, favorite aroma. A topiary made from satin ribbons does not require special care, but will definitely attract joy and good luck to its owner’s home. 
2.4 Questionnaire.
Target: Find out what your classmates know about the art of creating topiary.
A survey was conducted in the class (Questions: Appendix 1) during which we found out:
70% of the guys know what topiary looks like, 30% have never heard of it (boys) (Appendix 2).
60% of respondents are familiar with the technique of making topiary, 40% (boys) are not familiar. (Appendix 2).
65% of the guys surveyed believe that topiary can bring happiness and prosperity to its owner, 35% reject this
(Appendix 2).
95% of classmates want to make such a tree with their own hands, 5% do not want to make such a tree (Appendix 2).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the survey, we found out that most of the guys know what topiary is, but do not know the technology for making it, and they would also like to create this tree with their own hands.
2.5 How to make topiary?
The production of these products begins with the selection of material.
2.6 Materials and tools:
Harsh threads, ribbons
All Purpose Transparent Adhesive
Wooden stick or sushi sticks, branch 20 cm long
Decorative materials (coffee beans, coins, beads, flowers, butterflies, etc.)
Flower pot, yogurt jars.
Polystyrene foam balls with a diameter of 8-9 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm; newspapers
Topiary can be understood by any person with creative
potential, especially since all materials are quite accessible.
The basis for the crown of the tree can be any available material, from fabric to an old toy or an ordinary ball, a ready-made polystyrene foam ball. 
And absolutely anything that comes to hand can serve as decorative elements; many decided to make it from coffee beans, coins, or roses. Making a trunk is also quite simple from an ordinary branch, pencil, cardboard or plastic tube. I took chopsticks from the sushi. A simple topiary pot may be suitable flower pot, yogurt jars, a wooden box, some kind of container or a self-made reservoir made from materials that should fit the overall interior. I began to attach them to the ball using instant glue. To strengthen the trunk of our future tree there, I spread plaster in a pot and inserted the trunk. The plaster has dried, become strong and holds the trunk perfectly. Once I attached the leaves to the tree, I started decorating. I decided to wrap the pot with jute thread, decorate it with beads, and put sisal fiber on top. The result is a tree of happiness. 
Someone decided from coffee beans, from coins, from roses. They turned out different beautiful trees. My classmates liked the work. Nice gifts turned out for March 8th.
When we completed the work, I decided to conduct a survey again (Questions: Appendix 3) to check the result of our work. Repeated questioning showed a positive result. At the beginning of the survey, not all classmates knew what “topiary” was; during the work, we became acquainted with the history of this tree.
During which we found out:
86% of the guys know what topiary looks like, 14% did not know the name topiary, but after completing the work they improved their knowledge. (Appendix 3).
100% of respondents are familiar with the technique of making topiary, 0% are not (Appendix 3).
82% of the guys surveyed believe that topiary can bring happiness and prosperity to its owner, 18% reject this
(Appendix 3).
100% of classmates want to make such a tree with their own hands, 0% do not want to make such a tree (Appendix 3).
Conclusion: Based on the results of a repeated survey, we found out that most of the guys know, have improved their knowledge about topiary and master the technology of its production, and they really liked making this tree with their own hands.
2.7. How to care for topiary?
1. Avoid getting water on the wood, as well as excessive humidity in the room.
2. Do not place in direct sunlight so that the Topiary does not lose its color saturation.
3. Remove dust with a soft brush or an electric hair dryer at low temperature.
4. Avoid mechanical damage.
5. Do not place near heating devices, as dried flowers (if available) may dry out and become fragile.
3.Conclusion
Having studied the history of topiary and having made such trees with my own hands, I can draw the following conclusions: topiary is an original gift for any occasion. Topiary will add zest to the interior of your home, office, or apartment. It will be a pleasant addition to the main gift, and will also act as an independent gift. Its second name, the Tree of Happiness, speaks of its effective magical power. According to my observations, at home where there are topiaries made by me and my mother, and among the relatives to whom we gave them, prosperity, comfort, and family happiness reign. There are no irreparable quarrels and conflicts. Making a product with your own hands is cheaper, more interesting, and it will be in a single copy. You will put your soul into it, concentrate all your good thoughts and feelings, as if charging it for good. I was able to convince most of the guys that handmade topiary is no worse, but better and more useful than a store-bought souvenir. I got beautiful, original, unusual gifts, which you can give to your mother, friends and relatives. A gift for any occasion.
4. Would you like to make such a miracle - a tree - with your own hands?
Appendix 2
Survey results.
3. Believe – 65%
Rejected – 35%
4. Want – 95%
They don’t want to – 5%
Appendix 3
Survey questions
1. Have you ever seen topiary or is it also called the “tree of happiness”?
2. Are you familiar with the technique of making topiary?
3. Do you believe that the tree of happiness can bring happiness and prosperity to its owner?
4. Did you like making such a miracle - a tree - with your own hands?
Appendix 4
Survey results.
3. Believe – 82%
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
KSU "Comprehensive secondary school - gymnasium named after I. M. Astafiev"
Department of Education of Shemonaikha district
Prepared by Lyudmila Fedeneva 7th grade.
With. Ust-Talovka
Introduction
Goals and objectives………………………………………….page 3.
Work plan………………………………………………………..page 4.
Selection and justification of the problem…………………..page 5.
From history……………………………………………………..page 6.
Project part
Definition of the design task………………..page7.
Materials and tools………………………...page 8.
Technological requirements for the product………….page 9.
Technology diagram……………………………..page 10.
Technological map……………………………..pages 11-12.
Identifying missing knowledge and
their independent acquisition………………..page 13.
Economic calculation……………………………..page 14.
Conclusion
Review………………………………………….page 15.
Literature…………………………………………page 16.
Goals and objectives
Target:
Assess your capabilities in project activities.
Making a gift decorative tree.
Tasks:
master the technological techniques and skills of making flowers from paper.
learn to evaluate your abilities.
develop creative abilities.
Work plan
| Deadlines | Planned actions |
|
| Manufacturing of the product |
||
| Project protection. |
Justification of the problem
My mother and I were looking for a gift for my grandmother's birthday. By chance, in a store, I saw an artificial tree. And I thought, why don’t I make such a tree myself. It will be much more pleasant for grandma. I combined making a gift with a project.
I looked for such trees on the Internet and found a lot of interesting things.
From ancient times to the 21st century, this tradition has been popular with ornamental horticulturists and gardeners who enjoy creative control over plant growth.
Topiaries are trees and shrubs that are constantly trimmed to give them a certain shape. Ancient gardeners used upright evergreen plants with a large number of small leaves or needles as a basis. Through careful care they were formed into large balls, columns, arbors, etc.
The ancient Romans were famous for their formal gardens and had a special slave, a topiary (topiarius, master of topos), who maintained the decorative area - topia - in proper condition. The fashion for shaped hedges was revived in the Middle Ages, and during the Italian Renaissance it became a craze. Skilled topiary artists could create any image, from a donkey, a bear or a sailboat to colonnades and cardinals. In 17th century France, garden designers were literally jumping over their heads, especially at Versailles,
Artistic cutting of plants also developed in the East. In Russia, such skill spread under Peter I, and was available only to very wealthy nobles.
And today, at the beginning of the 21st century, it has become fashionable again after several decades of oblivion.
Topiary today
Topiary is a fantastic way to “introduce” evergreens into the garden. The list of possible topiary shapes now includes abstract shapes, geometric cones, circles and pyramids, arches and squeezers, balls on cubes, steam locomotives and racing cars, and even sumo wrestlers. Traditionally, yew and boxwood are used, but there are many other trees and shrubs that can be shaped into any shape you want.
Most of the best topiary gardens are very large, with some topiary trees being several centuries old.
In our time beautiful gardens got new life. Everyone loves topiaries without exception! But not every person has a garden where he can afford to grow such miracles. And people brought the art of topiary into the home, growing small trees to decorate their homes.
Recently, it has become very fashionable to decorate the interior of rooms with various artificially created trees made from all kinds of materials. The fashion for homemade topiaries - mini-trees of happiness - is now in its prime. What is not used to make such trees! Everything that is at hand is used: ribbons, threads, natural materials, products, coffee beans, feathers, beads, buttons, all kinds of paper... Topiaries can be made in any size and color, and you can choose anything as a material for finishing the ball , as long as this material does not deteriorate after standing for a long time. Popular are topiaries made from dried flowers and aromatic plants, which not only decorate the room, but also give the air a certain aroma. Recently, topiaries are even made from fresh fruits; such a solution can serve the perfect gift, but it must be eaten quickly so that the fruit does not spoil. It is also customary to decorate topiaries with bows made of ribbons and braid.
Extraordinary fantasy! And what more unusual material, the more interesting the result is. And in this regard, there are no restrictions for imagination! The design of the product will be exquisite regardless of the material. You can also create a gift tree with meaning. For example, you can use the meaning of objects in amulets (cereals and legumes - a symbol of prosperity, satiety and physical strength; sunflower seeds - the health of children and the energy of the sun; beans - the birth of a new life, etc.). To obtain an excellent result, you need patience, accuracy and a piece of soul.
Making such a tree is not at all difficult.
Materials, tools
Wire.
Flower pot.
"Alinex".
Corrugated paper.
Satin tape.
Ready ball.
Napkins.
Glue "Master".
The product is made from paper napkins. All elements (petals) of the product are the same size. The places where flowers are connected to the ball and where finishing materials are attached should be invisible. To attach the decoration to the base, molten plastic is used, which after drying has no color and remains transparent. The fastening is strong, exactly in the center of the base.
The tree should be:
* Beautiful;
* match the interior of the room;
* high quality;
* environmentally friendly;
* inexpensive.
Technology diagram
Justification of the problem
Defining a design challenge
Economic calculation
Materials, tools
Technology
Safety regulations
T 
technological map
1. Cut the napkin into 4 parts + again into 4. The size of one square is 8x8 cm.
2. On a thin knitting needle 1.8 mm (the thickness of the tube you get depends on the diameter, and, accordingly, the size of the rose)... We wind the napkin on one side..
3
. Leave about 3 cm untwisted (this is important, because if you leave less, it will be difficult to hold the flower while working) Squeeze the napkin.
4. For one rose you need from 3 to 7 petals, more is possible,
5. We twist the “snail”......but not all the way......leave the tail......bend it down and make a “stalk”. It must be crushed, i.e. twist a little
6
. We take the next petal and also bend the tail towards the stem... We start from the place where the previous petal ended...... hold it tightly...... you don’t need to pull the petal too much, on the contrary, you can bend it a little in an arc, like a real one petal...
.
..and again we leave the tail......and bend it to the stem...The third petal...Everything is the same... We start where the second one ended...We bend the tail to the stem.
7. Here, a rose of 7 petals...Then cut off the tail as needed...
9. Glue the finished flowers to the base ball using a glue gun.
15. The gift tree is ready.
Identification of missing knowledge and its independent acquisition.
During the work, missing knowledge on working on a computer was identified.
The student spent more time and attention on this issue.
Economic calculation
7 napkins – 56 tenge;
Glue – 30 tenge;
Flower pot -200 tenge;
Work during the daytime, so energy costs are not included in the cost of work.
Labor costs are also not included because the product was made for myself.
TOTAL: 296 tenge.
Review
As a project manager, I would like to note the high level of motivation when working on the project and creative activity. In the process of work, the child constantly improved his skills, replenished his knowledge and expanded his horizons. The desire to create a unique, original work affected the approach to the execution of the project, namely accuracy, patience, and careful elaboration of each element. The presentation of the project is presented in a relaxed manner, Lyudmila behaves confidently, her speech is competent, the pace and emotionality correspond to the chosen form of defense. She coped with both the theoretical and design part of the project and the practical part “excellently.”
Literature
For the creative project, materials from Internet resources were used:
http://www.zlatoshveika.com/t294-topic
http:// ourworldgame.ru/topiarij
http://www.countrysideliving.net/ART_Topiary_Nov08.html
http://www.odnoklassniki.ru/dk?cmd=logExternal&st.cmd=logExternal&st.name=readMsgMail&st.link=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.odnoklassniki.ru%252Fmessages
View presentation content
"Creative project Topiary"
Prepared the project
student 5 "D" class Fedeneva Luda
Supervisor
Torshina T.P.
TOPIARY
Tree of Happiness
Goals and objectives
Target:
* Assess your capabilities in the project
activities.
*Make the product yourself
arts and crafts
creativity.
Tasks:
* master technological techniques and
skills in making flowers from paper.
* learn to evaluate your abilities.
* develop creative abilities.
Work plan
Deadlines
Planned actions
Selecting a project topic and its rationale
Selection of theoretical material for the project
Development new technology(making flowers from paper)
Product design development. Creation of preliminary sketches.
Defining the final design. Creating a working sketch. Selection of materials, colors and tools
Manufacturing of the product
Project design. Creating a presentation for a project using ICT
Project protection.
Materials, tools
Ready ball.
Napkins.
Glue gun.
Wire.
Flower pot.
"Alinex".
Corrugated paper.
Satin tape.
Technological requirements for the product
The product is made from paper napkins. All elements (petals) of the product are the same size. The places where the petals connect to each other and the places where finishing materials are attached should be invisible. To attach the decoration to the base, glue is used, which after drying has no color and remains transparent. The fastening is strong, exactly in the center of the base.
The tree should have been:
beautiful;
combine with the interior of the room;
high-quality, environmentally friendly;
inexpensive.
Technology diagram
Defining a design challenge
Justification of the problem
Materials, tools
Economic calculation
Technology
Execution Sequence
Safety regulations
Manufacturing technology
- Cut the napkin into 4 parts + again into 4.
The size of one square is 8x8 cm.
2. Roll the napkin on one side
3. Leave about 3 cm untwisted
4. One rose needs from 3 to 7 petals
5. Spin the snail.
6. Take the next petal and also bend the tail towards the stem
7. Here, a rose of 7 petals
8. Tie with regular thread...
9. Glue the finished flowers to the base ball using a glue gun
10. Between the flowers we glue leaves made using the same technique.
11. Prepare a stand for the ball. We dilute Alinex with water 1:1 and pour it into a flower pot. Let it harden a little.
12. Wrap the leg of the ball with corrugated paper and insert it into the frozen solution.
13. Wrap the pot with corrugated paper and tie it with a ribbon.
14. Sprinkle chopped synthetic threads on top of the solution.
15. The gift tree is ready.
Economic calculation
7 napkins – 56 tenge;
Glue – 30 tenge;
Flower pot -200 tenge;
Satin ribbon 30 cm – 10 tenge;
Work during the day, so costs
Electricity is not included in the cost of the work.
Labor costs are also not included,
because the product was made for oneself.
TOTAL: 296 tenge.
Municipal government educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 2 of the village named after Karl Liebknecht"
Kurchatovsky district, Kursk region
on technology on the topic
Performed:
9th grade student
Vakulina Anastasia
Supervisor:
Martynova Yulia Viktorovna
village them. K. Liebknecht
2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Title page.
Table of contents.
Goals and objectives.
Justification for choosing the topic.
History of topiary.
Design specification.
Preliminary ideas.
Choice of material.
Organization of the workplace.
Safety regulations.
Manufacturing technology.
Economic calculation.
Ecological justification
Self-esteem
Bibliography.
Project goals and objectives
:
My project goals:
- accurately and accurately perform technological operations;
-improve your capabilities;
- assimilate acquired knowledge;
-evaluate the work done.
Tasks:
1. Cultivate hard work, attentiveness, and a sense of responsibility.
2. Develop logical thinking and creativity.
3. Learn to plan your work, adjust and evaluate your work, applying the knowledge acquired at school.
4. Develop cognitive activity, ability to use independently additional literature, expand your horizons.
RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC:
Freshly brewed coffee in the morning is delicious and aromatic...
However, this product can boast not only of its invigorating properties and rich aroma, but also to become the basis for an original homemade craft made from coffee beans.
These grains are beautiful, large, smooth and great for making all sorts of interesting things.
Crafts made from coffee beans can be varied.
Firstly, it is easy to create a textured surface from them - just cover the outside of an ordinary flower pot with glue and lay out the surface with grains.
If you paint the grains in different colors before this, the faceless pot will take on completely unimaginable colors created by our imagination.
I believe that a handmade product is always the best gift, because when making it, a person puts a piece of his soul into it.
TOPIARY HISTORY:
The emergence of the art of “Topiary” is associated with the times of the Roman Empire. According to the works of Pliny the Elder, the first neatly trimmed tree was created by a courtier of Caesar named Kalvena. Very soon, topiary plants became popular in Roman villas, where they were used to create intricate landscapes of animals and geometric shapes. The gardeners responsible for this work were called topiaries. Along with the expansion of the borders of the Roman Empire, topiary traditions spread throughout Europe.
In medieval sources you can often find illustrations of monastery flower beds and vegetable gardens, which are surrounded by neatly trimmed trees and shrubs of varying heights. The era of the Italian Renaissance contributed to the flourishing of landscape art. The designs of that time were repeated in the garden by the ornaments of carpets, tapestries, stucco moldings and engravings. An integral part of such designs was topiary, which was used to create hedges and long walking alleys. Many examples of such gardens have survived to this day, for example, in Versailles, the English gardens of Hampton Court, etc.
The rise of classicism gradually led to the extinction of the art of topiary, and in the middle of the 18th century it was replaced by the English park style, in which topiary was considered an alien element.
This went on for almost a century. Your existence
topiary during this period continued only in Britain, where in ordinary cottage gardens they were striking with their unusual appearance among fruit trees, vegetable crops and simple “country” flowers.
At the very beginning of the twentieth century, one simple but very useful thing was invented in the USA - a wire woven frame of a certain figured shape. It was put on a young plant that grew in it.
The art of topiary - “ornamental gardening” - has been known since ancient times. This is a curly cutting of plants. The shapes can be very diverse, imitating living beings, geometric, etc.
In our climate, it is almost impossible to grow evergreens in open ground, and caring for them is very difficult and expensive.
Option I is a frame that is gradually filled with annual climbing plants, but this requires watering and care, and in the fall it will not be easy to clean the frame of withered plants. Option II - the frame is decorated with artificial greenery and you only need to occasionally knock off dust with water if it has accumulated on the leaves.
Frames can be of almost any size: suddenly a giant dinosaur or a huge Minotaur appears in your garden, or maybe just a beautifully designed arch. In a word, any fantasies! In my creative project, I offer my vision - topiary for the home made from coffee beans. Not a bad idea! I think as holiday gift my tree will fit perfectly and will delight your loved ones.
DESIGN SPECIFICATION:
The result of my project will be a wonderful coffee tree.
The tree will be a gift from the heart, made with your own hands.
My work will be a pleasant and unique product for a loved one.
The materials used to make my work must be environmentally friendly and affordable.
While performing work, I must follow safety regulations
My product is an exclusive option.
Decorative design must match the color scheme.
My work is made as a gift.
The cost of my craft should not exceed 500 rubles.
PRELIMINARY IDEAS:
A tree is a man-made miracle! The choice of ideas is huge! From satin ribbons, artificial flowers and fruits, fabric or coffee.
It is also possible to produce alternative options - not topiary.
And yet, in my opinion, the most interesting thing istree made from coffee beans. It will have an extraordinary aroma that can be enjoyed for a long time.
MATERIAL SELECTION:
Materials:
To make topiary from coffee beans I will need:
pack of coffee beans
building gypsum
tree branch or wire
threads
decorative elements
hot melt adhesive
newspapers
flower pot
sisal
scotch
satin tape
Tools and accessories:
For work I will need:
scissors,
glue gun
WORKPLACE ORGANIZATION:
The workplace should be well lit, the light should fall on the work area to the left of the person working.
There must be a correct posture while working.
The items I need must be in a location that is convenient for me.
Safety regulations
Rules for working with cutting objects
1. Use well-adjusted and sharpened scissors!
2. Scissors should have blunt, rounded ends.
3. Place the scissors with the rings facing you.
4. Watch the movement of the blades while cutting,
5. Don't leave scissors open.
6. Pass the scissors rings first.
7. Don’t play with scissors, don’t bring it to your face.
8. Use scissors as intended
RULES FOR WORKING WITH THE HEAT GUN:
1.The heat gun must be in good condition
2.Work carefully
3.After finishing work, unplug the gun from the outlet.
4. Do not work with the heat gun with wet hands.
Manufacturing technology
Now it has become fashionable to decorate the interiorartificial decorativetrees. European floristic treeIt happens different forms, sizes, colors.A coffee treemore often it is round, of course the color of coffee beans and small in size. It brings not only joy to the eyes, but also the aroma of fresh coffee into the interior.
The basis for the crown is ordinary newspapers, crumpled into a ball and secured with tape.
The tree will consist of a trunk, a crown in the form of a ball of coffee beans, and it will stand in a pot.
A person who really loves coffee will certainly appreciate such an original gift. Moreover, it was made especially for him, and even with his own hands!
in order to make a “crown” in the form of a ball, we only need a ball of newspaper, which we will wrap with tape.
Dilute the plaster with water, pour it into the pot and insert the prepared stick, wait until the plaster hardens.
Decorate the trunk of the future tree with jute threads or knitting threads, ribbon or other suitable materials.
Glue coffee beans in two layers to a ball of newspaper.
Now we decorate our topiary and the tree is ready!
Economic justification:
| n\n | material | price | quantity | price |
| Newspapers | Were taken from home |
|||
| Coffee beans | 160 rub. | 1/2 pack | 80 rub |
|
| Glue sticks | 20 rub | 3 pcs. | 60 rub |
|
| Plastic pot | 20 rub | 1 PC. | 20 rub |
|
| Sisal | 80 rub/meter | 0.3 m | 24 rub. |
|
| Construction gypsum | Ecological justification Working with coffee beans does not have a harmful (negative) impact on the environment. Only environmentally friendly materials were used in the manufacture of the product. Coffee beans do not have a negative effect on human health. Hot glue gun adhesive is not a source of environmental pollution. All materials for my work are environmentally friendly and do not pose a danger to the environment. From depression and boredom Our hands will help everyone! We made an effort They built a beauty! Self-esteem. So I finished working on a creative project. I put a lot of effort and effort into it. My product produces a positive emotional effect. If all quality requirements are met, you can get a competitive product on the market. I enjoyed it immensely. I like my job very much. The world of creative imagination is limitless, and the technique of working with coffee beans is a wonderful transformation of a food product into elegant decorations. Bibliography Simonenko V.D. Technology. Textbook. M.: Ventana-Graf, 2009. Golden Book of Handicrafts. Moscow, 2005 Granko N.M., Shantyr O.V., Shney-Krasikova E.N., handicraft manual | |||
Scientific and practical conference
Small Academy of Sciences for schoolchildren
municipal district Belokataysky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Section: Technology
on the topic of:
A floating cup is a souvenir gift.
Fruit and berry topiary.
Executor:
Samoilova Irina Valerievna,
MBOU secondary school in Karlykhanovo, grade 10
Supervisor:
Krasheninnikova Oksana Anatolyevna,
art and technology teacher
With. Karlykhanovo,
1
1. Justification of the project
I really like to do various handicrafts. Now on the Internet
you can find a lot original ideas. Topiar is an ancient art
landscape design, trimming trees and giving them all kinds of
bizarre shapes: animal, geometric and architectural shapes
structures.
The tree of happiness, also called topiary, can decorate any interior.
A needlewoman can make topiary from anything - ribbons, fruits, vegetables,
coffee, sisal, flowers. You can also combine different materials. With a big
I happily picked up the idea of making a decorative floating cup. It can
become both a great gift and a decorative item in the interior. It's beautiful
original, accessible and varied in execution technique and, finally,
modern.
Decorating yourself, your home, your world is common to any person.
Being creative today is interesting and fashionable. Everywhere you look, everyone is
then he does it. Someone sews something, someone embroiders, glues and crafts. Unnoticed
You yourself are tempted to do something beautiful and preferably useful.
At the moment, exclusive products are relevant and in great demand.
products. You start to study the assortment of stores, and you understand: knitting is beautiful
things are not easy, embroidery takes a long time, not everyone knows how to draw, and imagination
not enough. Along with the use of traditional techniques, it can be traced
desire for new solutions.
To the delight of needlewomen, anyone can master the “topiary” technique,
because it does not require special skills.
The topic is undoubtedly relevant. Making your own jewelry is now on
peak of popularity. For the project, I decided to make an original decoration for
Houses.
The advantage of this technique is that with its help it is quite easy to come up with and
create many beautiful and unusual decorations.
Creating a topiary for a gift has a number of positive
characteristics:
it is relatively inexpensive in relation to market prices;
3
unlike store-bought souvenirs, you can make them completely
an exclusive item and be sure that no one will present the same
present;
a gift made with your own hands is always highly valued because it
carries the warmth of hands, creative imagination and invention, and will remind
the event and the person who made it.
Project goal: Find out the history of the “topiary” technique;
learn to accurately perform the technique; make a product.
To achieve the goal, the following tasks are planned:
explore sources of information from literary data about the history of creation
“topiary” techniques;
master the technical conditions and techniques for performing “topirayas”.
2. Historical background
The English word "topiary" goes back to the Latin "topiarius" gardener, and
it, in turn, is derived from “topia”, ornamental gardening. IN
in the classical sense, topiary art is geometric,
fantastic or natural forms, trimmed from bushes or trees with
small foliage, according to a pattern or by eye. Green sculptures are called topiaries
for the design of garden landscapes. Topiary art - change
natural shape of plants by cutting trees and shrubs,
giving them geometric and fantasy shapes.
Topiary art - ornamental or fantasy gardening,
the art of topiary trimming of trees and shrubs. The art of giving
geometric shapes of trees and shrubs has its roots in the Ancient
Egypt and Persia. Even then, people gave preference to a combination of external
form and function and widely applied this principle in architecture. A
a little east of the Nile Valley, the art of creating geometric gardens
reached such an incredible scale that one of the greatest miracles appeared
ancient world - Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Babylon. They told us about this
at MHC lessons. The skill of topiary cutting of trees or shrubs has come
to Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean and Asia. Topiary art to Russia
penetrated from the country - the trendsetter of that time - France, embodied
to the beautiful gardens of Petrodvorets and spread throughout the country. To anyone
landscape, if desired, you can choose topiary forms that effectively
will decorate the garden, create a unique highlight and elegance. Following the style, for
landscape garden you need to choose arches, green gazebos and umbrella forms, for
4
regular strict forms and trimmed borders, for the garden in Japanese style –
garden bonsai. In Russia, such skill spread under Peter I,
who had heard a lot about strange bushes and trees of unnatural shapes,
growing in the gardens of the rulers of Europe. He ordered the gardeners of his yard
immediately learn all the intricacies of this skill, which is why I sent them to study
abroad. Upon returning home, they immediately set to work in the new
city - St. Petersburg. But foreign bushes and trees did not tolerate well
Russian frosts, and therefore they had to look for suitable domestic
“green” analogues. They were rowan, spruce, linden, juniper, bird cherry. But how
and any fashion trend, topiary has critics. In this case they
became philosophers and poets who called artistic haircut
"mockery of plants." As a result, handicraft masterpieces gradually
began to turn into ordinary, landscape gardens. This was the beginning of the fashion for
natural beauty. However, topiary has not become a forgotten art form.
From the end of the 18th century its popularity began to gain momentum again. Currently
time topiary is a classic of garden design and absolutely not
depends on the variability of fashion. In modern design with its naturalness,
slight disorder and asymmetry, topiary art brings a certain
structure and adds attractive contrast. There is a common
misconception that a clipped plant is necessarily an element
regular garden. However, on modern stage development of garden art,
haircuts began to be used in gardens different styles: in Japanese (haircuts under
garden bonsai), in the Art Nouveau garden (green columns and spirals), in the avant-garde (cubes,
balls and pyramids). If simple geometric shapes are possible even
for an inexperienced amateur, creating figures from plants requires high
skill. This haircut is more intricate, the plants are given more complexity
form in the form of figures of animals, people and even architectural structures. Always
green camels, elephants, giraffes, horses, birds and others delight the audience
“fauna”, the “life” of which is ensured by the care of skilled gardeners. To category
exotic includes garden “furniture” made from trees and shrubs,
Of course, it is not designed for practical use, but it looks very cozy and
attractive. Some customers order their initials in greenery and
install them in front of the entrance to the house.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, a garden fashion arose in Britain for the so-called
“tapestry” hedges in which shrubs are used interspersed
with green, golden and reddish foliage. In ancient Russian gardens,
in parks and estates you can see few but remarkable examples
5
topiary art. In our time, artistic haircut and art
topiary creations have become “classics” of garden design and are no longer subject to
criterion "fashionable". In informal designs that are so relevant now, where reigns
naturalness, asymmetry and slight disorder, topiary adds
an attractive contrast to the eye and serve as a focal point.
Pine bonsai Garden Art Nouveau “green spirals”
Avant-garde garden Animal-shaped trees
6
Living hedge Living hedge. Cotoneaster.
3. Variability
Model No. 1 Model No. 2
Paper topiary Fruit topiary
Model No. 3 Floating cup
Having studied literature and Internet resources, I came to the conclusion that special
there is no classification of topiary, since creative people do not
stop there and come up with new extraordinary
compositions. Viewing various options, I decided to make “Floating
cup."
4. Technological map of product manufacturing
Even a beginner can easily create such a “spill”.
needlewoman, all you need is a little patience and materials to implement it.
Necessary materials:
- tea pair,
- strong wire,
- decorative fruits and berries,
- any artificial grass or sisal,
- adhesive plaster,
- scissors,
- hot glue gun,
- pliers,
- decor - optional.
№
p/p
Operation description
Graphic representation Equipment,
tools and
devices
8
1
2
3
4
5
Using pliers and
we bend the round pliers
wire so that it
fits tightly to the bottom
mugs and saucer.
Bend the wire like this
so that it lies flat on
the bottom of the mug and then
repeated the bend as much as possible
the cup itself. Coming out
cups,
a little wire
lift up and again
smoothly bend downwards, like this
subsequently our fruity
berry flow
will
look beautiful and
naturally arising from
cups, not behind it.
Let's decide
in which
position will be
cup handle and fix
wire with hot glue.
Fill it well with glue,
A little
necessary
wait,
glue
will not harden completely.
Bye
wire
On
end
bend it
pliers
stable “leg”, which
will give
support.
Glue and hold until
the glue will not cool down.
cup
Making sure everything is tight
hold on and let's get started
preparing the wire for
pasting.
2/3
increased flow volume from
using any material and
On
tea pair,
wire,
adhesive
heat gun
Band-Aid
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1. Dangers at work: the necessary requirements and rules for safe work, in clear
sequence of technological operations, when used correctly
tools and materials. Material costs are small, so I
I think that my goal is to spend as little as possible -
completed. Overall it turned out to be a beautiful product. I achieved what I wanted
goals and happy with the result! Making topiary is a lot of fun
class. I learned a lot from the history of this art, how interesting it is
It's fun to create beautiful things with your own hands. In the future I plan
continue your activity in creating topiaries and please your friends and
loved ones with new works.
10. Floating cup - a souvenir as a gift
11. List of used literature
1. Simonenko V.D. Technology textbook for students
educational institutions/Moscow Publishing Center
"VentanaGraph" 2012
2. http://www.diy.ru/handmade/tsvetyiibuketyi/kaksdelattopiarijderevoschastya/
3. http://www.happygiraffe.ru/community/35/forum/post/17473/
4. http:// www.otvetkak.ru/hands/topiarijizgofrirovannojbumagi.html
5. http://www.uniqhand.ru/
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6. http:// www.uniqhand.ru/publications/tag/master_klass
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