Chemical burn on the face what to do. Face burn: chemical, solar, acid, thermal, oil

Burn injuries are one of the most common injuries. skin. They cause serious complications and the formation of scars and scars. A big danger is a burn to the face. Damage to the nose, lips, ears, eyes leads to a violation of the most important functions of the body.

In case of fire, chemicals, boiling water or electricity, you must immediately call ambulance. Early treatment reduces the risk negative consequences and allows you to quickly restore health.

Clinical picture

Any burns are classified according to the depth of damage and the area of ​​the lesion. Doctors distinguish 4 degrees of such injuries. Each has its own characteristics:

• The first is minor injury. The main symptoms are skin redness, burning and slight swelling.
• The second is manifested by severe pain, the formation of blisters filled with serous contents.
• The third - causes serious destruction of the epidermis, the formation of open weeping wounds and edema.
• Fourth - affects the muscles and can damage bone tissue. The person is in a state of shock and is able to lose consciousness from pain.

Facial burns are the most dangerous. Under the influence of aggressive substances or high temperatures, there is a threat of damage to the respiratory tract, the skin on the forehead, around the lips and eyes.

Due to the anatomical features of the epidermis in this area, it is difficult to restore. To avoid scars and scars, the affected person may need cosmetic surgery.

Course and complications

Thermal and chemical burns of the neck and head have an ICD code -10 T20. Damage included:

• any part of the ear;
• temples;
• scalp area;
• nasal septum;
• around the eyes and lips;
• cheeks, chin, forehead.

The course of the disease depends on the depth of injury. With burns of 1 and 2 degrees, recovery occurs in 2 weeks, provided that first aid is provided correctly and competent treatment. If wound infection is excluded, scars can be avoided. A spot remains at the site of the burn, which gradually brightens and becomes almost invisible.

Third and fourth degree burns lead to tissue necrosis. Damaged areas heal for a long time, suppuration may begin, hindering the regeneration process and requiring antibiotics and other potent drugs.

Deep burn injuries to the face cause damage to the cartilaginous septum of the nose and ears. In such cases, surgery may be required.

Thermal burn

Defeat is provoked high temperatures. Most often it occurs when the skin comes into contact with boiling water, steam, hot oil, fire.

At negative impact a person reflexively closes his eyelids to protect his eyes. This feature in some cases protects the organ of vision from irreversible damage, but causes severe injury to the eyelids, which is difficult to treat.

If you get a burn on your face, you need to call an ambulance. Only a doctor is able to assess the depth of the lesion and prescribe the correct treatment. For burns of 1 and 2 degrees, it is allowed to treat the injured area at home, following all the recommendations of a specialist. Deeper injuries require inpatient therapy in the burn unit.

First aid

First of all, it is necessary to neutralize the thermal effect. Put out the fire, push the person away from the steam or hot object.

If the integrity of the skin is not broken, you should put your face under running water and cool for at least 10 minutes. Then rinse the dermis with an antiseptic. Can be used:

• Chlorhexidine;
• Furacilin solution;
• hydrogen peroxide.

In order not to aggravate the damage, when providing first aid, it is forbidden to use medical alcohol, iodine, brilliant green, vegetable oil and fat.

After washing the skin, it is necessary to treat the damaged area with an anti-burn ointment or aerosol, for example, Panthenol or Olazol. Cover it with sterile gauze and wait for the doctor to arrive. To relieve acute pain, you need to take analgesics.

Treatment

To cure burns of 1 and 2 degrees, wound-healing external ointments are used. As prescribed by the doctor, apply:

• Bepanthen;
• Levomekol;
• furacilin ointment;
• Vishnevsky liniment;
• Dexpanthenol;
• balm Rescuer;
• Solcoseryl.

Before applying the product, the epidermis is disinfected with peroxide. Processing is carried out 2-3 times a day. If blisters have formed, an occlusive dressing is desirable.

Severe burns require powerful drugs and inpatient therapy. The doctor prescribes treatment on an individual basis based on the patient's condition. To relieve swelling, use antihistamines, to stop the infection - antibiotics. Do if necessary plastic surgery, excising the burned layers of the dermis and transplanting healthy skin to this place.

Chemical exposure

Injury from chemicals is a serious health hazard. Such burns occur upon contact with alkalis, acids, household chemicals.

Some reagents continue to destroy the epidermis even after they are removed from the skin surface. In such cases, the extent of damage can only be assessed after a few days.

First aid

In order to properly provide first aid, it is important to know which substance provoked the burn and neutralize its effect. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

• rinse the damaged area with cool water for 20 minutes;
• apply a sterile dry cloth;
• take painkillers;
• call an ambulance.

If acid gets on your face, you need to get rid of it with a 2% solution. baking soda. For alkali, a 2% solution of vinegar is used. When the injury is caused by organic aluminum or phenol, treatment with ethyl alcohol is necessary.

chemical burn when providing first aid, do not lubricate with drugs. Medicines can react with aggressive substances and worsen the patient's condition.

Treatment

Therapy includes the use of wound healing agents and painkillers. When the chemical is neutralized, the same treatment as for thermal burns is carried out. In severe cases, the victim needs a specially equipped ward, antibiotic therapy and surgery.

Physiotherapy is helpful during the healing phase to prevent scarring. They remove scars well and start cell renewal with infrared radiation and ultrasound.

Electric shock

Electrical burns are caused by contact with bare wires, faulty electrical appliances, or lightning strikes.

Damage often affects the deeper layers of the skin and causes injury. internal organs. When interacting with voltages up to 380 V, burns of 1 or 2 degrees are formed. If the current strength is higher, there is a threat of defeat of 3 and 4 degrees. A powerful electrical discharge can cause charring of the epidermis, leading to myocardial infarction and death.

Clinical picture

A characteristic sign of an electrical burn is tissue swelling. On the patient's face, a trace of contact with current is clearly visible.. The surface of the skin dries, acquires a grayish-white color. Strong exposure causes necrosis and exfoliation of the epithelium.

The recovery process is gradual. Proper treatment stimulates cell regeneration, restores the sensitivity of nerve endings and the elasticity of the epidermis.

First aid and treatment

During an electric shock, it is required to stop the contact of the victim with the current as soon as possible. It is necessary to disconnect the device from the power source or push the person away with a wooden stick.

1. The patient must be laid on his right side, give cool water to drink.
2. If he is unconscious, give artificial respiration and heart massage.
3. Place a sterile cloth over the burnt area.

With a strong electrical burn, a state of shock is often observed. The person does not feel pain and says that everything is in order with him. This is a deceptive reaction, so you need to urgently call an ambulance. While she is traveling, the victim needs medicines to support the heart, for example, Corvalol, motherwort tincture, Validol.

When first aid is provided, burns should be treated according to the standard scheme required for thermal injuries.

Rules for skin care during the recovery period

After wound healing, the skin needs additional care. It should be aimed at increasing immune protection, nutrition and hydration.

1. A fresh potato mask helps a lot. The tuber needs to be rubbed and put the mass on a cleansed face. Leave for 20 minutes and wash off with a decoction of chamomile. The procedure is done in the evenings 2-3 times a week.
2. You can use cucumber, parsley, aloe. Soak a piece of gauze in freshly squeezed juice and put on your face. Action time - 20 minutes.
3. A cream based on is useful for softening medicinal herbs and natural oils.

To get rid of burn marks from the face or make them less pronounced, medications are in demand. Quickly regenerate skin gels Actovegin, Mederma, Contractubex. They must be used regularly, following the instructions.

Only a specialist can choose the right therapy that resolves burn marks and scars. In some cases home treatment needs to be replaced by professional procedures in a beauty salon.

Thermal burn of the face 2a-2b degree left neck and forehead. Treat only with chlorhexidine or miramistin. Do not use peroxide, as this additionally injures the skin and causes tissue oxidation (plus it is very painful).

As soon as the blisters open or a weeping surface appears, and just panthenol foam should be applied to the scabs (I liked the company Libriderm - thick foam, does not burn), the burn should be constantly under the foam, pus and skin residues should not be removed with chlorhexidine applied to a bandage or cotton disk. Healing is much faster on the face than anywhere else due to good blood flow.

Because of the large surface, I healed for six weeks (up to 2 months is also normal). When the crusts peeled off, I immediately began to apply Dermatix gel 2 times a day. Do not waste time and money on contratubex, mederma, etc. If not dermatix, then another silicone gel, because only it prevents and removes scars from burns and operations.

It is important that the skin is constantly protected and moisturized. I tried the cream clearin, sea ​​buckthorn oil, oil with celandine, ghee with propolis and resin, heparin ointment - this is all psychotherapy and trial and error. The most important is an integrated approach: for better wound healing, I pierced Actovegin 5ml in injections for 10 days, then after scars had formed on my face, I put Longidase 3000 IU suppositories 1 suppository x 1 time per day for 10 days.

Scars after burns are always formed - this is the law. Mine were like hypertrophic red bands, they protruded above the skin, itched, hurt and itched. For the first 3 months after the burn, I could not sleep. This is a huge psychotrauma, a burn on my face, so I took Zoloft antidepressants 50 mg x 1 time per day for 2 months, it was prescribed to me by a psychotherapist (only by prescription) well tolerated, there were no side effects. You can also use Phenibut 1 tab x 2 r / d for 1 month (it can be bought without a prescription).

A good effect is given by the zepter bioptron lamp for 7 minutes x 3 times a day for a burn of 10-14 days. To prevent acne and pustules from appearing on the face, it is important to wash your face with 2 r / d light foam, and then apply curiosin gel - it contains zinc and hyaluronic acid (an excellent result). You need to learn to live with this, because full recovery can take about 1 year. I have been using Dermatix for 3 months.

And the last secret, only laser nanoperforation and Mepiform plaster (based on silicone) can completely remove scars. The sooner treatment is started, the better the outcome. I turned to the Linline clinic 2.5 months after the healing of the face, when the scars began to pull strongly. It turns out that you need to apply even earlier, already 2-4 weeks after the crusts have peeled off. It is important to destroy the scar as early as possible in order to suppress the activity of fibroblasts and start remodeling.

My doctor said that it would take 5-6 treatments 1 month apart. The procedure is painful (especially the first 3 hours after the procedure), then it is tolerable, by the evening it is normal. But if you have suffered a burn and know what pain is and live with it every day, enduring 3 hours of pain is happiness, because it really works (I say this with full responsibility, because I am a doctor myself). The effect is noticeable already after the first procedure, when the skin is exfoliated (after 3-5 days).

It is during this period that it is good to use the Mepiform silicone patch, I wore it 24 hours a day, then I took it off, washed my face, applied curiosin on my face and glued the patch again. Under it, the skin does not dry out, it is very comfortable, because it puts a little pressure on the scars, they “sit down” better, in 2 days my hypertrophic scars (there were 7-8 of them) turned almost into normotrophic ones. Under the patch, the skin itches a little, I constantly massaged the scars (as if squeezing and stretching them even through pain). I give this patch 10 out of 10. It justifies its price by 100%.

To date, 4 months have passed since the burn, the treatment continues. It turned out that I did not meet specialists who understand the treatment of patients with facial burns and their rehabilitation in my city. I had to get to everything myself and thanks to reviews on the Internet. Now I have found a good dermatologist-cosmetologist at the Linline clinic. Good luck and health to all.

A chemical burn of the face appears due to tissue damage as a result of contact with various types chemicals and acids. Their appearance is associated with negligent attitude during the period of work with chemical components, as well as in case of careless handling of them at home or as a result of an industrial injury.

In a chemical burn, the cells of the upper layer of the skin burn out, as a result, they tend to exfoliate from healthy tissues, so such damage is considered dangerous.

Symptoms of a chemical burn of the face

At the site of damage, a characteristic crust forms, which, depending on the chemical, may differ.

After exposure to an alkaline liquid, the crust on the surface of the skin acquires a whitish tint, and also has a loose soft texture. At the same time, there are no clearly defined burn boundaries, that is, they smoothly pass to neighboring tissues. A chemical burn from exposure to alkalis is able to penetrate deep into tissues, as it has a powerful destructive force.

Damage to the skin of the face as a result of acid exposure has a harder and drier surface with well-defined boundaries when moving to healthy tissues. Acid burns are superficial. The shade of the burnt area may vary depending on the type of acid:

1. Sulfuric acid initially gives white shade and then it changes to brown.
2. Nitric acid tends to leave a greenish-yellow burn on the skin.
3. When exposed to hydrochloric acid, yellowish lesions appear.
4. Acetic acid on the skin leaves a brown tint.
5. Carbolic acid, when it comes into contact with the skin, leaves a white tint, which later turns into a brown color.
6. Damage caused by contact with hydrogen peroxide takes on a grayish tint.

A very dangerous factor when exposed to a chemical on the skin is that the tissues continue to break down even after there is no direct contact. This is due to the fact that the active substance is able to penetrate far into the structural layers of the skin.

First aid for chemical burns of the face

First of all, after receiving damage chemical property, it is necessary to exclude direct contact with the chemical. For this purpose, experts recommend immediately rinsing the skin with running water for 20 minutes or more.

The effectiveness of further treatment directly depends on how well and timely first aid was provided.

The next step is to neutralize the residues of the active ingredient with a suitable antidote, which is chosen according to the chemical:

• in case of acid damage, the residues are neutralized with a solution of baking soda (1-2%) or ammonia (0,5%);
• an alkaline burn is neutralized with an antidote, which is a weak solution of citric or acetic acid.

After treatment with an antidote, the damaged area must be dried, and then a dry bandage should be applied. If possible, the patient should be taken to the doctor.

Effective creams for chemical burns of the face

Self-treatment in the case of chemical burns is possible only if the damage is 1 or 2 degrees, in the case when a 3 or 4 degree burn is diagnosed, therapy should be carried out with the help of a qualified specialist.

Panthenol

Cream from a chemical burn of the face Panthenol effectively copes with many skin lesions after exposure to chemicals. This tool compares favorably with a quick healing effect, as well as its availability.

You can apply the cream immediately after injury., as its feature lies in the rapid absorption into the skin, and at the same time it helps to prevent the appearance of scars in the future.

When used independently, the following recommendations must be observed:

• apply the cream on the resulting wound with a thin layer;
• repeat the procedure at least 4 times during the day;
• adhere to safety measures so that the cream does not get into the eyes;
• before applying the product, the burn should be pre-treated with any antiseptic.

Besides, Panthenol has no age restrictions and can be used by both adults and children. Also, in case of emergency, it is possible to use it by women during pregnancy and lactation.

Solcoseryl

The use of Solcoseryl cream for chemical burns is explained by the fact that its composition allows you to effectively activate the regenerative process of facial skin without any harm to human health. Also, this tool increases the synthesis of collagen in cells and thereby accelerates wound healing.

The active substance of the cream is deproteinized dialysate, which is obtained from the blood of dairy calves. In addition, the tool contains additional substances that ensure its effectiveness.

This cream has no contraindications, only in rare cases can cause an allergic reaction.

Sudocrem

This remedy is effective in use for chemical burns of the skin. Due to its composition, the drug in question has a triple effect:

• soothes;
• protects;
• restores.

When applied to the damaged area, it creates a protective film that prevents various infections and bacteria from entering the wound. There are no contraindications for use, but when applying, avoid contact with the mucous membrane of the eye.

Algofin

This cream is great for deep chemical burns. Due to the fact that it is created from components of natural origin, its use has a protective and regenerating function, and also activates cell regeneration.

The use of Algofin cream from a chemical burn on the skin of the face allows you to:

• activate cell respiration;
• eliminate oxygen starvation in the damaged area;
• enhance collagen synthesis;
• activate recovery processes;
• create a protective film.

Algofin has no contraindications, in rare cases it can cause an allergic reaction.

Dexpanthenol

This cream is distinguished by its healing abilities and at the same time helps to soften damaged skin. In addition, this tool saturates the cells with pantothenic acid, which allows you to speed up skin recovery and have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Dexpanthenol has no significant contraindications to its use, however, it can sometimes cause an allergic reaction. In this case, experts recommend immediately stopping its use. The course of treatment with a cream is prescribed purely by a doctor.

Timely application healing cream helps to avoid scarring from chemical burns of the face.

Chemical burn of the face: which doctor to contact

In any district center, the treatment of injuries is performed by a surgeon. However, if the damage is severe, the patient is sent to the burn center, where he is under the supervision of a combustiologist.

The specialist not only deals with the treatment of the directly received injury, but also the consequences that arise after it. If necessary, his competence also includes issues of tissue grafting.

In severe cases, the victim needs optimal treatment conditions with mandatory hospitalization.

A chemical burn of the face requires timely and high-quality treatment, in otherwise it will cause serious health complications. Therefore, it is recommended to start using the cream immediately after injury.

First aid for chemical burns:

Cream for chemical burns of the face D-panthenol:

Facial burns are a serious injury. Their occurrence can cause not only aesthetic discomfort to a person, but also deliver a lot of negative consequences.

If this injury occurs, you should not delay a visit to a specialist and rely on advertised burn remedies, or folk medicine. The specialist will help to establish the exact cause of the appearance of burns on the skin and prescribe the necessary treatment, which, in a good scenario, will completely help get rid of traces of skin injury.

What can cause a burn

Most often, facial burns occur in the summer. Fans of sunbathing under the scorching sun often forget about the need to use sunscreen while tanning. Another reason why faces can happen is the wrong sunscreen.

In hot summer days use sunscreens is an important prevention of burns on the face.

At the same time, when buying this product, you need to pay attention to the packaging - it must contain the “SPF” mark, which means its opposition ultraviolet rays that come from the sun. Near the mark "SPF" there should also be a number that indicates the degree of reflection of ultraviolet radiation by the cream. It is better if this number is 50, which means a high degree protection from sunburn faces.

Also, burns on the face from the cream can occur due to the use of low-quality cosmetic products, dishonesty of the manufacturer or individual intolerance to any of the components of the cream. Especially often this problem applies to women with hypersensitive facial skin.

• thermal - from exposure to high temperatures;
• chemical burn.

How to determine the severity

Facial burns are classified according to how severely the skin is injured. The following are distinguished:

• Grade 1 - the skin of the face turns red, puffiness appears. With such a burn of the face, a feeling of soreness is possible. All signs of skin injury disappear without a trace after 3-4 days, when the injured skin layer peels off;
• Grade 2 - in addition to redness, fluid-filled blisters appear on the skin. If there are few of them and their size is not large, then they can dry out on their own about a week after a person is injured. And then the damaged skin is covered with a new, “young” layer and gradually completely restored. Traces of a burn of this 2nd degree of complexity pass much longer than with a slight injury.
• Grade 3 and 4 are characterized by severe damage to the skin, not only of the face, but usually also of the ears and neck. At the same time, the layers of the skin die off, forming scabs - areas covered with a crust, often of a purple hue. Possible damage to the bone tissue of the skull.

How are facial burns treated?

How to treat a burn on the face? Definitely do not do it yourself, at home. Especially if all the signs indicate that the existing injury does not belong to 1 or even 2 degrees of severity.

Even with grade 2 skin injury, the blisters on the skin may not dry out on their own, but begin to rot. This process can be provoked by the liquid in them and the rapid growth of bacteria. Therefore, it is important to timely contact a doctor who, after examining the patient, will decide how to treat the latter. Usually, under sterile conditions, the blisters are carefully opened by a specialist, and the existing fluid is removed from them. At home, the patient will be prescribed regular treatment of the opened blisters with an antiseptic solution and the use of an anti-burn ointment.

What to do with a face burn of complex severity? Immediately go to the hospital by calling an ambulance. From a burn of 3 and 4 degrees, the process of rejection of the skin and rotting of the bones can begin.

In such cases, the patient is treated only in a hospital, as he needs constant medical supervision. Burnt skin can be transplanted from other parts of the body. The situation is more complicated with the bones, which, even after the necessary operations, can continue to rot. Therefore, often trauma to the skin of 3 and 4 degrees of severity can be fatal to human life.

Is it possible to get rid of marks on the skin after a burn?

burns facial light degree, no traces are left on the skin after exfoliation of the affected layer of the epidermis. But how to get rid of scars and scars that may remain on the skin after injury to the skin of the second degree of severity? After a full restoration of the skin, it is possible to use special ointments designed to dissolve scars and heal scars on the skin. But before using these funds, you need to consult with a surgeon, dermatologist and cosmetologist. Even if the traces of injury do not disappear completely, this way you can make them barely noticeable. It can also help to remove a burn on the face. laser procedures, which are used in good beauty salons. They give the most effective result for the maximum a short time use.

Many are interested in how to get rid of severe scars with severely burned skin. But, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to do this. Such severe marks, especially on the face, are not easy to remove. But if you ask about how to remove them as much as possible, then the same laser removal can come to the rescue.

In this article:

Depending on the type of damaging agent, facial burns can be thermal, chemical, or electrical. Each of them has its own clinical picture, symptoms and treatments. Therefore, let's take a closer look at each of the species and learn everything about them.

Thermal burn of the face

Thermal burns of the skin of the face are divided into 2 groups: superficial and deep.

The first ones include:

• 1 degree. Erythema and hyperemia of the skin - the occurrence of irritation and redness.
• 2 degree. Skin peeling, blistering.
• 3A degree. Partial necrosis of the skin with possible epithelialization.

To the second:

• 3B degree. Necrosis of all layers of the skin.
• 4 degree. Necrosis of the skin and tissues that are located deeper.

Clinical picture

The degree of burn is determined by the depth and size of the lesion. With burns of 1-2 degrees, swelling of the skin, hyperemia, and the formation of blisters with liquid are observed. Characteristically fast development swelling, which in the eyelid area can cause temporary blindness. Possible damage to the respiratory tract and eyeballs. Determination of burns of 3-4 degrees occurs on the basis of dead skin areas. Isolated burns of the face (when other parts of the body are not affected) often occur without pronounced phenomena - shock, toxemia, etc.

Course and complications

First-degree burns are usually uneventful. The pain subsides on the 2nd day. Swelling and redness may remain on the face for up to 3 days. Within 5-6 days, skin peeling and complete recovery occur.

2nd degree burns also resolve without complications. Bubbles usually dry up in 5-6 days. When the bladder is cut off, a scab is formed. Dry crust and scab depart without external intervention for 10-15 days. A new epidermis is formed at the site of the lesion. In the event of rotting of the blisters, the recovery period is delayed, scarring is possible.

A 3rd and 4th degree facial burn is severe, especially if other parts of the body have been affected. The skin on the burnt areas dies off, after which it is torn off. Festering wounds may occur. At the same time, the patient begins to fever, there is a loss of fluid and proteins. Epithelialization of wounds after skin rejection occurs slowly. With the defeat of the nose, auricles and areas of skin close to them, the onset of chondrites and necrosis of the bones of the face is possible. During healing, deformities and keloid scars are formed.

First aid and treatment

What to do with a face burn so that recovery proceeds as easily as possible? First of all, it is not recommended to apply bandages to the affected areas, it is also not advisable to use ointments, tannins and dyes, as this complicates the determination of the depth of the lesion. Narcotic analgesics can be used as pain relievers. During transport to the hospital, a light gauze bandage can be applied to the affected area (to protect against external stimuli).

• Superficial burns

For 1st degree facial burns, as well as limited 2nd degree burns, outpatient treatment is allowed. Victims with deep skin lesions are subject to hospitalization. In the event of blindness and damage to the respiratory tract, specialized therapy is carried out, the purpose of which is to prevent pulmonary edema.

After treating the wound with 0.9% isotonic solution, 0.5% ammonia solution or soapy foam, the patient is shown cooling creams (a mixture in equal parts of peach oil, lanolin and distilled water), disinfecting ointments with corticosteroids. It is allowed to treat the skin with medical alcohol. The open (without bandage) or semi-open method (with partial bandage) is suitable for treatment.

• deep burns

Treatment of deep facial burns begins with antishock therapy. The pain is eliminated by the introduction of analgesics or novocaine blockades. In order to prevent infection, the patient is prescribed antibiotics. Tetanus toxoid (0.5 ml) is injected under the skin. 3000 IU of tetanus toxoid is injected into another part of the body.

After removing the victim from the state of shock, a gentle surgical treatment of the affected skin is performed. Flaps of separated skin and blisters are cut off with scissors. The skin around the affected area is treated with ether, alcohol or gasoline. After the initial treatment of the damaged area, it is treated with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and antiseptics. After that, the skin is dried.

Wounds must be treated every 4-6 hours (0.5% furatsilin ointment, 5-10% synthomycin liniment, 0.1% gentamicin, etc.). After rejection of dead skin, treatment is performed under a bandage. To accelerate the processes of epithelization, oil-balsamic dressings are applied to the burn area, UV radiation is directed to the wound. The skin around the wound is constantly disinfected.

In severe burns, plastic surgery is often resorted to, the purpose of which is to close the granulations with a skin graft and partially restore skin elasticity.

Chemical burn of the face

It occurs as a result of the aggressive action of various substances on the skin of the face. Chemical agents can cause inflammation, coagulation of proteins and, in some cases, tissue necrosis (salts heavy metals, alkalis, acids). Depending on the concentration of the agent and its zone of primary damage, there are 4 degrees of severity of the lesion.

• 1 degree- skin irritation accompanied by redness and itching.
• 2 degree- the formation of blisters with liquid, peeling of the skin of varying degrees (up to the separation of the upper layer of the epithelium).
• 3 degree- wet or dry necrosis.

• 4 degree- deep skin necrosis and tissue damage (up to the bone).

In addition to direct skin damage, such burns are dangerous with possible chemical poisoning of the body.

A first two degree burn can occur as allergic reaction body on the chemical composition of various creams and masks. Therefore, it is recommended that before using any cosmetics, apply a small amount of it on back side palms or on the area of ​​skin near the elbow.

A 3rd and 4th degree burn occurs when the skin comes into contact with alkalis or acids. A crust forms in the affected area. If we compare acid and alkaline burns, we can see that alkali damage has more serious consequences, since the damage affects the deep balls of the skin. Most acid burns are superficial.

An important point is that tissue destruction occurs even after the removal of the chemical component. That is why for several hours or days after the injury, it is impossible to determine its degree. Setting an accurate diagnosis is real only after 7-10 days. The risk of burns is determined based on the depth and area of ​​the lesion.

First aid and treatment

Chemicals are removed from the face by rinsing with water or neutralizing with certain means (depending on the agent) for 15 minutes. When providing belated assistance, flushing should continue for at least 30-40 minutes. Organic aluminum compounds are an exception, as contact with water will result in an even stronger reaction.

Do not dispose of the agent with wet swabs or wipes. If the chemical is in powder form, particles must be removed before washing. After that, you need to neutralize the action of agents. For acids, a 2% solution of baking soda or soapy water is used. For alkalis, use a weak solution of vinegar or citric acid. Further treatment is similar to treatment thermal burn faces.

Electrical burn to the face

They are formed when the skin comes into contact with a high-voltage network, faulty electrical appliances, exposed wires, or during a lightning strike. The vast majority of electrical burns are accompanied by electrical trauma to human organs. Electrical burns can have varying degrees of severity. In case of electric shock from electrical installations of low voltage (up to 380 V), injuries of the face of 1 and 2 degrees are observed. At higher currents, 3rd and 4th degree burns occur.

Clinical picture

There is a sharp swelling of tissues, drying of the skin, clear prints in the form of "current signs", the surface becomes white-gray, regenerative processes slow down. Depending on the depth of the lesion, the formation of dry necrosis of the lower jaw is possible, which can last up to 4 months.

Electrical signs are usually painless. Their treatment is similar to the treatment of wounds - over time, the skin is renewed and the affected area acquires its original characteristics (color, sensitivity, elasticity).

First aid and treatment

The very first measure of help for an electrical burn of the face is to turn off the source of electric current. In doing so, the safety regulations must be observed. The victim must be laid on the floor and, in case of cessation of breathing and heartbeat, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed. After that, you should carefully apply a dry bandage to the affected area. It is necessary to call doctors as early as possible, since the victim may need resuscitation and anti-shock therapy.

Further procedures are similar to the treatment of thermal burns.