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Military patriotic education in kindergarten. Features of patriotic education of preschool children. Expanding the theme of the small homeland

Military patriotic education in kindergarten. Features of patriotic education of preschool children. Expanding the theme of the small homeland

01.07.2020

From work experience

in the process of becoming familiar with the Great Patriotic War"

Solomina Natalya Leonidovna,

senior teacher of MBDOU No. 28,

Glazov, Udmurt Republic,

Patriotic education of the younger generation has always been one of the most important tasks of preschool education, because Preschool age is the most fertile time for instilling a sacred feeling of love for the Motherland. The task of patriotic education occurs in many documents on preschool education, in particular:

- V Federal law“On education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ (Article 3)

— in the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (in the “General Provisions” section, clause 1.6.)

Preschoolers perceive the reality around them emotionally, and their patriotic feelings are manifested in a sense of pride in their people, in the history of their country. It is these feelings that a teacher should cultivate in children from a very early age. You cannot be a patriot without feeling a personal connection with your Motherland, not knowing how our ancestors, our fathers and grandfathers loved and took care of her. A historical past without the theme of war will not be a complete representation of the history of our state. The Great Patriotic War is undoubtedly the most striking example of the manifestation of heroism and patriotism of the Russian people.

Unfortunately, most often the heroes of modern children are the Man of Steel and Batman. Modern children know about Star Wars, Supermen and Space Rangers from cartoons, action films and computer games. War is a funny show, an adventure, a game for them. A child is not born evil or good, moral or immoral. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on his parents, teachers and the adults around him, on how they raise him and what impressions they enrich him with.

Is it necessary to talk to preschoolers about the Great Patriotic War? Maybe we shouldn’t traumatize the child’s psyche? We need to talk about the war - seriously, from the standpoint of humanistic values. A child by nature has the sensitivity to understand and share the suffering of another, his perception emotionally, directly and figuratively. And the theme of the Great Patriotic War can become understandable to children preschool age, because it implements a fairly simple, clear idea, known to them from fairy tales - the idea of the confrontation between good and evil and the final victory of good.

The main goal of our work on patriotic education is to form in children initial ideas about the heroic past of our Motherland, to cultivate a sense of pride for their country, respect for the memory of fallen heroes, for war veterans, to develop a conscious attitude towards the Victory Day as a result of the heroic feat of the Russian people in the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War.

We have set the following tasks:

create an information and methodological base for the formation of systematic ideas about WWII among preschoolers;
create a RPPS in groups that allows children to plunge into the heroic past of their people;
convince parents of the importance of solving the problem of patriotic education and establish cooperation to create conditions conducive to the formation in children of systematic ideas about the events of the Second World War;
provide interaction between preschool educational institutions With social institutions cities for high-quality solution of assigned tasks.

Thus, we have determined 5 areas of activity on patriotic education of children in the process of familiarization with the Second World War:

Create an information and methodological base.
Creation of a developing subject-spatial environment
Educational activities in the process of educational activities and regime moments.
Interaction with families of pupils.
Interaction with society.

The teacher’s worldview, his personal example, views, judgments, active life position are the most effective factors in education. Without being a patriot himself, a teacher will not be able to awaken a feeling of love for the Motherland in a child. It is precisely to awaken, and not to impose, since the basis of patriotism is, first of all, self-determination. The teacher must know what is appropriate to show and tell children about the Second World War, and most importantly, the material must be historically accurate and adapted for children’s perception.

To develop an information and methodological base To familiarize preschoolers with HE, creative groups were created, including experienced, highly qualified teachers. The created methodological developments, ideas, best practices of teachers, difficulties and problems in implementing the assigned tasks were discussed during teacher councils, workshops, consultations, etc. The developed system of activities to familiarize children of senior preschool age with HE was presented at the scientific - practical seminar“Achievements of science and practice in the activities of educational organizations” at the State Pedagogical Institute named after. Korolenko in March 2017

Of course, patriotic feelings cannot arise in children after several, even very successful, activities. This is the result of a long-term, systematic and purposeful influence on the child through various forms of work, namely: educational activities, cultural and leisure activities, thematic week, project activities, museum activities, search activities, reading fiction and educational literature, watching videos, stories, conversations, competitions, etc.

Classes dedicated to the events of the Second World War are not isolated events, but a well-thought-out cycle that unobtrusively immerses children in distant times. For example, during classes on the topic “My Family,” we certainly talk about veterans, their difficult childhood and heroism during the war. On the eve of the March 8 holiday, we are holding a conversation “Woman at War”. The pupils' grandmothers tell their children about their mothers, remember their stories about how life was like during wartime, and bring with them yellowed photographs and old albums. Music helps to feel what qualities the liberating warriors and child heroes had. Johann Sebastian Bach said: “Music blows dust out of the soul. Everyday life" Through music, you can nourish the receptive soul of a child with sublime human values.

But the most indelible mark on the inquisitive souls of preschool children, their memory, is left by live communication with WWII veterans. Such meetings encourage boys and girls to treat veterans’ military awards with trepidation, listening with bated breath to veterans’ stories about the events of a distant war.

Children do not know how to express everything in words, and then imagination comes to the rescue. The information and impressions received by children during excursions, reading and conversations are reflected in various types of children's activities - play, visual and artistic creativity, in the creation of collections, mini-museums, exhibitions and displays with the active participation of preschool teachers and parents. As a result of the museum and project activities“Combat glory corners” appeared in the groups, containing photographs, letters, documents from family archives, and illustrations about the war. Mini-museums “Military Equipment” and “Mini Bread Museum” appeared. The significance of the mini-museum is quite high, since here preschoolers have the opportunity not only to look at books and reproductions, but also to get acquainted with authentic objects and things, and to reflect.

The key to the success of all our work is well-established contact with parents, their interest and active participation in the implementation of the assigned tasks. Interaction with parents requires great tact and patience, since in young families the issues of instilling patriotism are sometimes not considered important and often only cause bewilderment. Work with parents is based on 2 directions: increasing the level of pedagogical competence and involving parents in educational activities with children to form a systematic understanding of the Second World War.

Parents made a huge contribution to the creation of the handwritten memory book “We Remember Heroes!”, containing stories from children and their parents about family members who participated in the war, their heroic destinies, and the photo album “Grandfather’s Medal.”

Improving quality educational activities with children, the formation of systemic ideas about the Second World War is facilitated by interaction with such social institutions as the Green World library, the local history museum, the House of Friendship of Peoples Municipal Budgetary Institution, and the Museum of Military Glory in the Police. Of particular interest to children are excursions to the museums of military glory at the MBOU “Secondary School No. 12” and the MMO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia “Glazovsky”. Children get acquainted with military equipment and weapons, with living conditions military personnel, features of service in peacetime.

Time moves inexorably forward; there are very few war veterans left who were direct participants in the events. Age and health do not allow them to often meet with children and talk about the war themselves. Therefore, we, the older generation, are obliged to do this. As long as the memory of the sacrificial feat of our people, of the unbending will of older generations, of the courage and heroism of the defenders of our native land, we will be a single family of heirs to the Victory. Let true love for our Motherland be the most important guideline for us and our children, and let the Great Victory forever remain a symbol of military valor and spiritual greatness!

Sokolova Anna Vladimirovna, teacher
MADOU No. 17 Alekseevka, Belgorod region

Patriotic education of preschool children

The country where we first tasted the sweetness of life, fields, native hills,

Sweet light of the native sky, familiar streams, golden games of the first years.

And the first years of lessons, what will replace your beauty?

Oh, Holy Motherland, what heart does not tremble, blessing you?

V. A. Zhukovsky

Cultivating patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the tasks moral education. The feeling of patriotism is so multifaceted in its content that it cannot be defined in a few words. This includes love for one’s native places, pride in one’s people, inseparability with others, the desire to preserve and increase the wealth of the country.

Patriotic feelings must be instilled in children from preschool age. Childhood is the trees under the window, and native tunes, and amazing facts and events.

From infancy, the child hears his native speech. His mother's songs and fairy tales open a window to the world for him, instilling faith, hope, and goodness. Fairy tales excite a child, make him cry and laugh, show him that hard work, friendship, and mutual assistance are important for a person. Riddles, proverbs, sayings are pearls of folk wisdom; they are perceived easily and naturally by a child. But they contain humor, sadness and deep love for man and the Motherland. Fairy tales, proverbs, and sayings form the beginnings of love for one’s people, for one’s country. Very early, the nature of the native land enters the child’s world. The river, forest, field gradually come to life for him. Thus, the natural environment acts as the first teacher introducing the child to the Motherland.

But, without the help of an adult, it is difficult for a child to identify the most significant. Adults act as mediators between the child and the world around him, guide and regulate his perception of the world around him. The education of patriotic feelings occurs in sequence: first, love is cultivated for parents, home, kindergarten, and then for the city and country.

From the first years of life, we teach a child to love his parents and help them. A grateful feeling of devotion to a dear person, the need for spiritual and emotional closeness with him is important for the child’s personality. In order for feelings to become the beginning of love for the Motherland, it is necessary for children to see the civilian face of their parents as early as possible, to recognize them as workers contributing to the common cause.

Moral and patriotic education of preschool children is a complex and lengthy process; it cannot happen from case to case. The result can only be achieved through systematic work, and this work mainly occurs both in direct educational activities and in free time from educational activities.

Recently, I want to pay more attention to moral and patriotic education. Studying pedagogical literature, the practices of preschool institutions prompted us to the need to study the topic of patriotic education of children.

Working with children on the problems of moral and patriotic education, we can conclude that children have an insufficient level of knowledge on patriotic education.

The main reasons are the rather low level of patriotic consciousness of parents, lack of understanding of the need to pay due attention to this issue on the part of adults involved in raising a child.

We have set ourselves the following tasks:

Continue working on the topic “My Family.” To develop children's interest in their ancestry.
To expand children's interest in their hometown and to know its attractions.
To expand children's understanding of their native country, the president of the country, the flag, coat of arms, and anthem.
Deepen children's knowledge about the Russian army and branches of the military. To instill in children a love for the honorable duty of defending the Motherland.
Introduce children to folk traditions. Learn Russian folk games, proverbs, poems about the Motherland
Expand knowledge about various professions and their significance for society.
To attract the attention of parents to the moral and patriotic education of children.
Expand your horizons, attention, thinking, interest in current events in the country and the world.

In order to expand the children's acquired knowledge, a subject-development environment was created in the group. A corner for moral and patriotic education was equipped. In this corner, children can freely and independently review the manuals:

World map depicting forests, rivers, seas, mountains and various animals inhabiting the forests of Russia. To instill in children the desire to protect these riches and increase them, to cultivate a sense of pride in our country.

Album “Our Motherland - Russia”, where children get acquainted with heraldry and illustrations about the small Motherland, Moscow and Russia.

Albums “Our Dear Army” help children consolidate their ideas about military professions, about various branches of the military, military equipment.

To instill in children a sense of pride for our Motherland, to instill a love for the difficult but honorable duty of defending our Motherland. Also in this corner, children can get to know each other better and consolidate their knowledge about the monuments of our city.

It is necessary to instill in children pride in the historical past of their country, with the goal of patriotic education, which arouses in children interest in the world around them, love for their small Motherland, Russia, and the historical past.

Thus, by considering all the material in the corner of moral and patriotic education, children develop attention, observation, independence, curiosity and the desire to help a friend. Along with this, systematic work is being carried out to introduce children to their native country and city. Targeted walks, conversations, didactic games, reading fiction, and memorizing poetry are conducted.

Work on patriotic education will be more successful if there is active interaction with parents. Currently, working with parents is relevant and requires great tact and patience, since young families do not consider the issues of instilling patriotism and citizenship to be important. In this regard, the problem of educating parents on issues of patriotic education arose. Parents should become like-minded people, teacher assistants.

It is necessary to conduct conversations with parents, advise parents to communicate with their children more often at home, look at the family album, and preserve traditions in families that are passed down from generation to generation.

Thus, work on patriotic education should be carried out in close cooperation with parents, which gives a positive result in raising children.

A survey should be conducted among parents in order to find out their interest in joint cooperation with the kindergarten, and also raise questions about what they want to see their child in the future. Thus, work on moral and patriotic education should be carried out in close cooperation with parents, which will give a positive result in raising children.

Bibliography

System of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions: planning, pedagogical projects, development of thematic lessons and event scenarios / author. - comp. Alexandrova E. Yu. et al. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007.
Childhood: Approximate basic general educational program for preschool education / T. I. Babaeva, A. G. Gogoberidze, Z. A. Mikhailova and others - St. Petersburg. PUBLISHING HOUSE “CHILDHOOD-PRESS” LLC, 2011. -528 p.
Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Educational and methodological manual. - 2nd ed. , processed and additional - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 1998 - 304 p. : ill.

“Moral and patriotic education of older preschoolers using the example of the Great Patriotic War”

One of the most pressing tasks of our time is the patriotic education of the younger generation. Patriotism is love for one’s Motherland and one’s people.

Unfortunately, modern children have a superficial understanding of the events of the historical past of our country. In solving this problem, a large role is given to preschool education, since it is at preschool age that the foundations of the child’s moral qualities are laid. In this regard, the team of preschool teachers is faced with the task of developing in children citizenship, a sense of love and pride for their homeland through the construction of an optimal pedagogical system.

In preparation for the celebration of the great date - the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the education of patriotism in children acquires special meaning. We must not forget those who defended the freedom and independence of our people and turn into “Ivans who do not remember their kinship.” The Great Patriotic War is undoubtedly the most striking example of the manifestation of heroism and patriotism of the Russian people.

The draft “National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation” emphasizes that “the education system is designed to provide<...>education of Russian patriots, citizens of a legal, democratic, social state, respecting individual rights and freedoms, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance."

Much has been written about the importance of introducing a child to the culture of his people, since turning to the paternal heritage fosters respect and pride for the land on which you live. Therefore, children need to know and study the culture of their ancestors. It is the emphasis on knowledge of the history of the people and their culture that will help in the future to treat the cultural traditions of other peoples with respect and interest.

Thus, the moral and patriotic education of children is one of the main tasks of a preschool educational institution.

It should be emphasized that quite a lot of methodological literature on this issue is currently being published. Often it covers only certain aspects of the moral and patriotic education of children in specific types of activities, and there is no coherent system that reflects the entirety of this issue. Apparently, this is natural, since the feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in content. This includes love for one’s native places, pride in one’s people, a sense of one’s inseparability with the outside world, and a desire to preserve and increase the wealth of one’s country.

Based on this, this work includes a whole range of tasks:
- nurturing in a child love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city;
- formation of a caring attitude towards nature and all living things;
- fostering respect for work;
- development of interest in Russian traditions and crafts;
- formation of basic knowledge about human rights;
- expanding ideas about Russian cities;
- introducing children to the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem);
- developing a sense of responsibility and pride for the country’s achievements;
- formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for other peoples and their traditions.

These tasks are solved in all types of children's activities: in classes, in games, in work, in everyday life - as they instill in the child not only patriotic feelings, but also form his relationships with adults and peers.

The moral and patriotic education of a child is a complex pedagogical process. It is based on the development of moral feelings.

The feeling of the Motherland... It begins in a child with the relationship to the family, to the closest people - to the mother, father, grandmother, grandfather. These are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment.

In 2015, Russia will celebrate 70 years since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Always actual question Forming the prerequisites for moral and patriotic education among preschoolers takes on special importance on the eve of this most important event.

There are fewer and fewer living witnesses of those terrible days who could tell the younger generation about the events of the great battle of the Russian people for the liberation of their country, about the exploits of soldiers and ordinary citizens at the fronts and in the rear. The direct responsibility of adults is to help preserve the memory of the heroic facts of our history, to instill in young citizens pride in their Motherland. After all, memory has no age, and citizenship and love for one’s country do not suddenly arise out of nowhere.

The Great Patriotic War is an important event in the life of our Motherland. How to teach children to remember the defenders of the Motherland, who defended their native land, to be proud of the courage, heroism, steadfastness of Soviet soldiers and officers, and the dedication of home front workers - women, old people and children? Where can I get this knowledge to pass on to my children? The primary source, of course, is the person himself. But time is pushing back the events of the Great Patriotic War further and further and, unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer veterans left every year. The laws of human life are such that soon there will be no more of them left. It is very important right now not to interrupt the living thread of memory of the heroic feat of our people in those years, and in preschool age to cherish the sprouts of memory of our great-grandfathers and their courage. The purpose of our work: formation in children of a conscious attitude towards the Victory Day as a result of the heroic feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks:

memorable dates

As a result of this work:

Children of senior preschool age will form a conscious attitude towards the Victory Day. They will eagerly take part in all festive events dedicated to this day. Veterans will be treated with respect and gratitude.

Usage information and communication technologies when working with children, it makes it possible to introduce them to the monuments of the Great Patriotic War located in any part of our city.
Excursions and walks to these monuments provide an opportunity to show children, using vivid examples, the heroism that our people showed in defending their Motherland.
Plays a huge role in the education of patriotism and the formation of historical consciousness. fiction . Well-chosen stories and tales make it possible, starting from senior preschool age, to cultivate the consciousness that courage shown in battles in defense of the Motherland is inherent only in people of high duty, patriots of the Fatherland. High moral ideals are reflected in works about the Great Patriotic War, in which the meaning of human life is seen as serving people and the Fatherland. Listening to excerpts from works, children empathize with the characters and get excited; for the first time they realize the cruelty and mercilessness of war towards ordinary people, they are indignant against fascism, attacks on civilians, they receive the first knowledge about the equality of all races and nationalities. Poetry about the Great Patriotic War are an important component of patriotic education. They talk about the exploits and courage of soldiers who defended their land, who did not spare themselves in the fight - they are a highly artistic means of education. The power of the rhythmic poetic word has an inspiring effect on the consciousness of children.
An equally important form of raising children is patriotic song . The theme “Defenders of the Fatherland” is of particular importance within the framework of moral and patriotic education. This topic is very loved by children, especially since the bulk of our students are boys. Songs on this topic are easily remembered by children. Particularly popular among them are “Good Soldiers”, music. A. Filippenko and “We will serve in the army”, music. Yu. Chichkova. They are written at the pace of a march, their content is in tune with the desire of the children to be strong and brave as defenders of our Motherland. Since music is capable of influencing the feelings and moods of a child, it is capable of transforming his moral and spiritual world. When getting acquainted with songs on the theme of the Great Victory “Victory Day” music by D. Tukhmanov. sl. V. Kharitonov, “Get up, huge country” music and lyrics by V. Lebedev-Kumach, the greatness of the feat of the Soviet soldier is revealed to preschoolers. The musical impressions of preschoolers are based on the knowledge gained in classes on familiarization with the environment, on impressions from excursions to the monuments of fallen soldiers.
For holidays we organize exhibitions of drawings on military themes: “Where the Motherland Begins,” “Victory Salute,” “My Great-Grandfather is a Veteran of the Great Patriotic War,” “Flowers for the Winners,” “We are for Peace.” The drawings reflect all the children’s knowledge acquired during the work of familiarizing themselves with the historical past of our city and country during the Great Patriotic War.

Knowledge of the history of one’s hometown, country, is necessary for the formation of a growing person’s civic position, nurturing love for the “small” Motherland and Fatherland, pride in the people whose works and talents Russia is famous for, a sense of belonging to the past, present and future of one’s people. A preschool educational institution, being the initial link of the education system, is designed to form in children a first idea of the world around them, an attitude towards their native nature, their small Motherland, their Fatherland.

For the purpose of patriotic education of preschool children, using the example of the events of the Great Patriotic War, the development of moral and patriotic feelings in children can be developed project “Moral and patriotic education of preschool children based on the formation of ideas about the Great Patriotic War and the people who won victory at the front and in the rear.”

Based on these goals, set the following tasks:

· develop interest in the history of your country, events of past years;

· generalize and systematize children’s knowledge about the events of the Great Patriotic War;

· to cultivate respect for the participants of the Great Patriotic War as defenders of the Motherland;

· introduce monuments and memorable places related to the events of the Great Patriotic War;

· tell children about military professions, branches of the military, and military equipment.

Project participants are children, their parents, teachers, music director, and physical education instructor.

The type of project can be described as information-practice-oriented. That is, the information and impressions received by children in the process of becoming familiar with documentary and historical events from the history of Russia are reflected in various types of children's activities - play, visual and artistic creativity, in the creation of collections, mini-museums, exhibitions and expositions with the active participation teachers and parents.

Forming preschoolers' ideas about the Great Patriotic War is difficult and painstaking work. She means conscious the child’s understanding of the events of past years under the guidance and help of an adult. The following is proposed model of educational and methodological complex:

· Special classes to help awaken children’s interest in the events of the Second World War;

· Creation of a subject-developing environment in the group;

· Various games aimed at strengthening children's knowledge about the Second World War;

· Organization of excursions to memorable places and streets named after the heroes of the Second World War;

· Enriching children's knowledge about the Second World War through fiction;

· Holidays, leisure, and sporting events that help develop a sense of love for the Motherland and pride in it;

· Interaction with family;

· Inclusion of elements of work on the formation of ideas about the Second World War in different kinds classes and daily activities.

Particular attention should be paid to creating mini-museums in the group and in the preschool educational institution.

A mini-museum may include the following exhibition sections:

· Fiction for children on military topics;

· Albums: “Military equipment”, “Combat vehicles”, “Sky for the brave”, “Heroes of the Soviet Union”, “Orders and medals of the Great Patriotic War”;

· Illustrations on the theme “The Great Patriotic War”;

· Collection of awards;

· Collection of toy military equipment and weapons.

In the preschool educational institution you can create Museum of "Military Glory", corner of memory "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten."

With the help of parents in the group you can create thematic libraries “For children about the war”, “Poems for children”, arrange replacement ones exhibitions of reproductions of paintings Soviet artists K. Vasilyev, M. Samsonov, K. Yuon, S. Gerasimov, A. Deineka on the themes “Military everyday life”, “We remember heroes”, “Everything for the front, everything for victory” (about home front workers).

Some families have preserved gramophone records with songs from the war years, old photographs of grandparents, items of military uniform and soldier's life, and military awards. All this can be used to create Memory corners and mini-museums.

In the process of creating a mini-museum, consider the following: principles:

integration– mini-museums must take into account the content

educational program of the preschool educational institution and help in the implementation of its general objectives and the objectives of individual educational areas, in particular, “Social and communicative development”, on instilling patriotic feelings in children;

activities and interactivity– mini-museums should provide students with the opportunity to realize themselves in different types children's activities (use exhibits in role-playing games, create crafts and include them in the general exhibition, etc.);

conformity with nature– a mini-museum should be created taking into account

psychophysiological characteristics of children of different ages and provide conditions for unleashing the creative potential of each child;

scientific character– the presented exhibits must reliably reflect the theme of the mini-museum, explain various processes and phenomena within the framework of the chosen topic in a scientific and at the same time language accessible to the child;

for the comprehensive development of the child, encouraging his initiative, creative activity within the framework of subject-subject relationships in the “adult-child”, “child-child” system;

cultural conformity– a mini-museum should be focused on introducing children to world culture and universal human values through the development of values and norms of national culture in the course of direct educational activities in the museum space;

diversity– filling the mini-museum with exhibits that are different in form, content, size, reflecting the historical, natural and cultural diversity of the surrounding world;

regional component– the mini-museum should include

organizing work with children to familiarize them with the cultural heritage of the region, as well as the culture of other peoples, which contributes to the development of tolerance and the formation of a sense of patriotism.

An important feature of a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution is the participation of children and parents in its creation. Preschoolers feel involved in a common cause. In real museums you cannot touch anything, but in a mini-museum it is not only possible, but also necessary. It is convenient to visit it every day; you can change and rearrange the exhibits yourself, pick them up and look at them. In an ordinary museum, a child is only a passive contemplator, but here he is a co-author, the creator of the exhibition. And not only himself, but also his dad, mom, grandparents. The mini-museum is the result of communication and joint work of the teacher, children and their families.

In moral and patriotic education, the example of adults, especially close people, is of great importance. Based on specific facts from

the lives of older family members (grandfathers and grandmothers, participants in the Great Patriotic War, their front-line and labor exploits) is necessary

instill in children such important concepts as “duty to the Motherland”, “love for the Fatherland”, “hatred of the enemy”, “feat of labor”, etc. It is important to bring the child to the understanding that we won because we love our Fatherland, The Motherland honors its heroes who gave their lives for the happiness of people. Their names are immortalized in the names of cities, streets, squares, and monuments have been erected in their honor.

You can use different types of activities for children, as well as different forms of working with children.

1. Integrated classes on the topics: “Children are heroes of the Great Patriotic War”, “What is war? »

2. Conversations on the topic: “The Great Patriotic War” and “Our Veterans”

3. Organize an exhibition of children's works

4. Works of independent artistic activity: drawings for May 9 and holiday cards

5. Information is prepared for parents “How to tell children about the Great Patriotic War? »

6. Examination of illustrations for books about the Great Patriotic War, reproductions of the wartime poster “The Motherland is Calling”

7. Listening and learning songs with military-patriotic themes:

"Katyusha" music M. Blanter;

“Russia” of the muses of G. Struve;

"Victory Day" music. D. Tukhmanova.

8. Learning proverbs and sayings about the Motherland, about soldier’s duty.

9. Decorating a book corner with works on this topic.

10.Reading works of fiction and poems about the war:

Poems “Victory Day” by T. Belozerov;

“The war ended in victory” by S. Mikhalkov;

“Even then we weren’t in the world” by M. Vladimov;

Reading the story “The First Night Ram” by S. Alekseev.

11. Decorating the groups and hallway of the kindergarten for the holiday

12. Organization of role-playing games “Border Guards”, “Ministry of Emergency Situations”.

13. Conducting games - competitions “Bandage the Wounded”, etc.

14. Collective viewing of the cartoon “The Tale of a Military Secret, of Little Kibalchish and His Firm Word.”

15. Instructor physical education holds a sports and gaming festival, dedicated to the Day Victory

16. Festive concert for veterans - home front workers.

Despite the fact that in the process of work one has to face significant difficulties, introducing children to the events of the Great Patriotic War is not only possible, but also necessary to begin in kindergarten. And it is necessary to begin work on the formation of the moral foundations of the individual and active citizenship as early as possible, so that in a few years no one will say about our students: “This is a lost generation.”

Bibliography:

And others. “Moral and patriotic education of preschool children.” – St. Petersburg “Childhood-Press”, 2011.

Patriotism is a social feeling that is characterized by attachment to the native land, people, and its traditions.

Moral and patriotic education is a system of measures aimed at developing in citizens a sense of duty towards their home country, national identity, and readiness to defend their homeland.

The relevance of patriotic education

The second part of the methodological work is with the child’s family, since they have a significant influence on the formation of the preschooler’s personality, and it is important to tell them the main directions for the successful development of moral and spiritual values in children. Thematic meetings and conversations are held with parents, they are involved in organizing and participating in preschool activities.

Patriotic education of preschoolers according to the Federal State Educational Standard determines methods of working with preschoolers:

arrangement of patriotic corners in preschool educational institutions;
organizing excursions to the sights of your native land, visiting museums and exhibitions;
organization of thematic events (holidays, matinees, competitions, competitions);
conducting thematic discussions on the theme of love for the Motherland, reading relevant works, memorizing poems, watching films and programs.

Every year, the preschool educational institution draws up a plan for patriotic education, which covers all forms and methods of methodological and educational work. An approximate list of events and lesson topics provided for by the plan includes: events dedicated to state and national holidays, sports competitions, thematic classes on the study of nature, features, traditions of the native land, and state symbols.

Ceremonial events dedicated to public holidays

Activities for patriotic education in preschool educational institutions are usually timed to coincide with the celebration of relevant public holidays, such as Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day.

When preparing for the event, children learn the history of the holiday, understand who it is dedicated to and why it is celebrated.

For example, when preparing for the Victory Day celebration, you can hold a “Dove of Peace” campaign, making white paper doves with your children as symbols of peaceful life. For the event itself, learn military songs (“Katyusha”, “Victory Day”, etc.), poems on relevant topics. You can organize a meeting with veterans or children of war as part of the project “Such different childhoods: war and peace.”

In preparation for the celebration of Defender of the Fatherland Day, boys develop the concept that they are future men, strong and strong, the support of their family, the Motherland, its defenders. On the holiday itself, you can hold several different events depending on the age of the children, for example, a holiday congratulating fathers with military-themed poems, songs and dances, sports competitions, a lesson-conversation “We need peace,” dedicated to the army that protects our country.

Dedicated to the formation of preschoolers family values and the image of the mother, the woman as the guardian of the family. Traditionally, events on this day are dedicated to congratulating mothers and grandmothers. The day before, children make gifts for them with their own hands, developing their creative abilities.

National holidays

In order for children to perceive themselves as part of their people, they must be imbued with its foundations and understand its originality. To do this, preschool educational institutions organize conversations and classes to familiarize themselves with folk life, but children best learn information while playing. You can celebrate national holidays with songs, dances, good mood join the traditions.

Celebrations begin with Christmas and the old New Year. Children learn carols, then visit in groups, sing, and receive sweets as a reward.

The Maslenitsa celebration can be organized during a walk; all preschool children can participate in it at the same time. Winter, Spring, and buffoons take part in the performance. Preschoolers get acquainted with the history of the holiday, its essence and symbols. The main symbol of Maslenitsa is pancakes; you can involve parents in making them and organize a kind of fair.

The Easter holiday also has its own symbols. A lesson on painting Easter eggs is being held. There are a lot of methods and techniques that give a child the opportunity to develop their artistic abilities.

Sport games

Patriotic education of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard implies a healthy personality. Therefore, physical development is an integral part of the educational process. Sports games and competitions not only develop children, but also form a sense of team, unity of interests, strengthen family ties and traditions.

You can hold competitions between groups of the same age on a relevant topic, for example, dedicated to Russian heroes. During the holiday, children get acquainted with Russian epics about heroes and their military exploits. The following competitions are held:

"Sharpshooter" - throwing balls at a target.
“Fast Rider” is a relay competition in racing on rubber horses or large balls.
“The Strongest” - pushing the opponents beyond the boundaries of the mat with the shoulder.
“Heroic Help” - disassemble the entrance to the cave into cubes and save the beautiful maiden.

Joint competitions between children and parents play a special role. Celebrating Defender of the Fatherland Day for senior and senior students preparatory group you can organize a war game “Zarnichka”, in which fathers and sons participate in relay races, and mothers and daughters participate in competitions for fans. This game fosters a sense of collectivism, patriotism, and creates interest in fulfilling physical exercise, develops basic physical qualities, introduces to the traditions of big-time sports.

Classes on studying state symbols

Patriotic education of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard implies knowledge of the state symbols of the country. To study them, appropriate classes and conversations are held, for example, “Love your Motherland”, “Symbols of Russia”.

The purpose of this activity is to instill in children pride in their country, consolidate and expand knowledge about state symbols, introduce the meaning of the colors of the flag and coat of arms, form basic geographical knowledge about their region, cultivate feelings of respect for the flag, coat of arms, anthem, and also instill a cognitive interest in history of their homeland.

Classes can be conducted using information and communication technologies. To do this, you need to prepare a presentation on a given topic and stock up on an audio recording of the anthem.

The sequence of the lesson may be as follows:

An introductory part in which children become familiar with the geographical location and size of the country.
Getting to know the Russian flag and the symbolism of its colors. You can play the game “Fold the Flag”.
Getting to know the coat of arms. The teacher explains to the children the very concept of a coat of arms and plays the game “Invent and draw the coat of arms of your family.”
Listening to the national anthem.
The final part, which checks how preschoolers have mastered the material.

Expanding the theme of the small homeland

Every corner of our Motherland is unique and original in its own way. It is important to introduce a child to beauty in his traditions and way of life.

One of the ways is to organize a mini-museum of local history in a preschool educational institution. In it you can collect a collection of antique things that characterize everyday life, samples of folk art products (embroidery, napkins, tablecloths, amulets, dishes, toys).

Another method of exploring your native land is to conduct excursions and visit attractions.

Educational lessons are also held. Appropriate topics on patriotic education are selected for classes. Children will learn about their famous fellow countrymen, the history of the emergence and development of their native settlement, the natural features of the region, and study folklore.

Systematic work carried out in preschool educational institutions allows preschoolers to instill primary knowledge of the history, geography of their native land, its features of development and formation.

Currently, one of the most pressing problems is the education of patriotism. Preschool educational institutions, being the initial link of the education system, are called upon to form in children a first understanding of the world around them, an attitude towards their native nature, their small Motherland, their Fatherland. Obviously, for this it is necessary to define moral guidelines that can evoke feelings of self-respect and unity.

The teachers of antiquity - Aristotle, Socrates - paid great attention to the moral education of children.

The instructions of the great teacher Ya. A. Komensky in the field of moral education had a religious basis. He advised instilling in children from an early age a desire for activity, truthfulness, courage, respect for elders, and love for the Motherland.

Every person’s sense of homeland begins with the childhood memory of his home, courtyard, city or village. That is, love for one’s native land arises in a true patriot in early age and accompanies him all his life. The territory with which the history of the people is connected, and the corner of our native land where each of us grew up, are closely interconnected and are one of the deepest sources of patriotic feelings. Correctly developed feelings for the land of our ancestors should contribute to our perception of the entire territory of the country in its unity. Indeed, each of the subjects of the Russian Federation has its own territory, but they all together form a single territory of the country. It is important to understand the significance of such an issue as the undividedness of the Motherland, its integrity, historical, legal rights to the territory.

The following types of patriotic education are distinguished:

Military-patriotic education;

Heroic-patriotic education;

National-patriotic education;

Civic education;

Civic-patriotic education.

Patriotic education of a child is a complex pedagogical process. It is based on the formation of patriotism as a personal quality.

At each age stage, manifestations of patriotism and patriotic education have their own characteristics.

Patriotic education of children is implemented in preschool educational institutions according to various programs. In our kindergarten, according to the Veraksa program N.E.

The formation of a sense of citizenship and patriotism in preschool children is manifested through play activities.

This goal is achieved through solving the following tasks:

Introduce children to plot-role and educational games aimed at educating citizenship and patriotism.

To introduce preschoolers to the history of their hometown and local attractions through play activities;

Organize interaction with parents on the civic and patriotic education of children.

Preschool childhood is the time to educate a person and his soul, therefore it is especially important to nourish the child’s receptive soul with sublime human values and to generate interest in the history of one’s people, city, and country.

Civic-patriotic education in kindergarten is a process of mastering and inheriting traditional national culture. And the basis of national culture is the diversity of folk cultures.

Traditional national culture is the totality of the results of the work of our compatriots, from ancient times to the present, developing the basic core of spiritual values developed different peoples Russia: caring attitude towards mother earth, hard work, caring for children, respect for elders, patience, mercy and hospitality, sense of duty. Memory of ancestors, continuity in economic, family, and state affairs according to the law of the unity of beauty, goodness and truth.

Also, familiarization with literature plays a huge role in the life of a preschooler. In older preschool age, children become more and more familiar with books as a source of information about the world.

Reading aloud accompanies many kindergarten activities. Children's sensitivity to literary words is so great that after reading, especially with expression and feeling, children are ready to immediately apply new knowledge or engage in creative activities.

Works of folk art can live the life inherent in them: after all, a fairy tale must be told, a riddle must be told, a game must be played. And it is in our power to make sure that they live not only in the story about them, that is, in a book life, but also in their former, real life - oral.

At the first stage of our practical work, the initial level of formation of moral and patriotic ideas among preschool children was determined. For this purpose, observation and conversation methods were used. Diagnostic work was also carried out with the children’s parents and preschool teachers.

At the second stage, tools and methods of working with children on this problem were tested.

At the final stage, we repeated diagnostic test, analyzed the data obtained and formulated conclusions, and also developed a project and long-term plan on the moral and patriotic education of children in the preparatory school group.

The work was carried out on the basis of a preschool institution in the city of Saratov in the MDOU “Kindergarten of a combined type No. 172”. 18 children of senior preschool age were examined.

Among the most effective types of activities for patriotic education, we highlight: GCD, gaming and educational activities.

In our work, we use a variety of forms and methods of patriotic education: targeted walks, excursions, visits to museums, observations, the teacher’s story, conversations, the use of works of art, looking at albums, photographs, getting to know folk art.

We began the diagnostic stage of our work with individual conversations with parents, the purpose of which was to collect information about the educational influences of a patriotic nature in the family.

We found out that all families have books for children at home. Among them are works on social topics, but their selection is random both in topic and in content, genre, and style of presentation. Parents do not specifically select literature for their child to get acquainted with the city, but purchase the one that is found on the counter of shops and kiosks.

We also had conversations with teachers of the Children's Preschool Educational Institution “Combined Kindergarten No. 172”.

We began our work with children with a diagnostic examination of children, by ascertaining their level of development, children’s awareness of state symbols, the capital of our Motherland, hometown, region and attractions, children’s knowledge of other peoples and their nationalities, and the main Russian holidays.

All children were asked different questions.

18 people took part in the diagnosis. We received disappointing results.

Thus, we realized that it was necessary to improve children’s knowledge and ideas about state symbols, the main Russian holidays, the idea of their hometown, region, and attractions; about the culture, customs, traditions of one’s own and other peoples; knowledge about Russian holidays.

We have developed a project for the moral and patriotic education of children in a preparatory school group and a long-term plan in various areas.

Thus, we have found out that the education of patriotism is a rather multifaceted and complex task that requires a responsible attitude. Kindergarten is one of the most important stages in the development of a patriotic worldview in the life of a preschooler, providing the necessary basis for further personal development. In the formation of a patriotic worldview in kindergarten, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics of the preschooler and the nature of the material being studied.

Conclusion

It was found that there is no single approach to the definition of “moral education”.

Patriotic education of children is one of the main tasks of a preschool educational institution.

We found out that these problems are solved in all types of children's activities: in classes, in games, in work, in everyday life.

The task of the preschool educational institution is to involve parents in the pedagogical process, to expand the scope of parental participation in organizing the life of a preschooler in the preschool educational institution, creating conditions for the creative self-realization of not only teachers, children, but also parents.

In the course of experimental and practical work, we were convinced that all the studied means and methods, when used correctly and comprehensively, can contribute to the formation of highly moral feelings, thoughts, ideals, beliefs, i.e. the formation of everything that over time becomes the worldview of the individual of the country’s younger generation.

It follows from this that the basis of patriotic education is the moral, aesthetic, labor, and mental education of a little person. In the process of such versatile education, the foundation is born on which a more complex education will grow - a feeling of love for one’s Fatherland.

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Raising patriotic feelings in preschool children

Patriotism is of great importance in the social and spiritual development of a person; it acts as an integral element of his worldview and attitude towards his native country. Love for the Motherland is strengthened, a sense of responsibility for its power and independence, the preservation of material and spiritual values appears, and the nobility and dignity of the individual develops.

Russian critic and democrat V. G. Belinsky pointed out that patriotism contains human values and ideals and makes the individual a member of the human community. He noted that to love your homeland means to ardently desire to see in it the realization of the ideal of humanity and, to the best of your ability, to contribute to this.

K. D. Ushinsky believed that patriotism is not only an important task of education, but also its powerful pedagogical tool. “Just as there is no man without self-love,” he wrote, “so there is no man without love for the fatherland, and this love gives education the sure key to a person’s heart and a powerful support for the fight against his bad natural, personal, family and tribal inclinations.”

Patriotism can be defined as moral quality a person, which is expressed in his love and devotion to his homeland, awareness of its greatness and glory and the experience of his spiritual connection with it, in the need and desire to protect its honor and dignity in any conditions, and to strengthen its power and independence through practical deeds.

In preschool age, the foundation of a person’s inner world is laid, which is formed on elementary feelings of citizenship. It is patriotism that should become the core on the basis of which a mature personality will gradually be formed. In preschool age, it is necessary to form in children high moral and moral-psychological qualities, among which patriotism is of particular importance, in the elementary sense, as a feeling of love for the Motherland. E.K. Suslova notes that to be a patriot means to feel like an integral part of the fatherland. This complex feeling arises in childhood, when the foundations of a value-based attitude towards the world around us are laid.

Patriotic education contributes to the development of human patriotism. In the State Program and Concept on Patriotic Education, it is defined as a systematic and purposeful activity of government bodies and public organizations to develop in citizens a high patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to their Fatherland, readiness to fulfill civic duty and constitutional responsibilities to protect the interests of the Motherland. This is the concept of patriotic education in a broad sense.

The patriotic education of preschool children is defined more simply. It is important to form in children a positive attitude towards the Motherland, to help children understand themselves as an integral part of their native country.

Patriotic education of a citizen of his Fatherland begins from childhood.

The importance of patriotic education of the younger generation is emphasized by the government of the Russian Federation, since the formation of an attitude towards the state where a person lives begins from childhood. It is well known that the foundations of human character and personality are laid in childhood, therefore it is important, as early as possible, to acquaint the child with the main areas public life, begin to form elementary patriotic feelings. These feelings only begin in preschool age, but are extremely important for the further formation of a person’s personality, notes Suslova E.K.

The peculiarity of patriotic education of children is that they cannot yet perceive something distant, unknown to them. For preschoolers, their immediate environment is important. The love of a small preschool child for the Motherland begins with the relationship with the closest people - father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, with love for his home, the street on which he lives, kindergarten, city.

When forming patriotic feelings in preschoolers, it is necessary to take into account their age characteristics. The process of cognition should occur in an objectively visual form, when the child directly sees, hears, touches the world, he comes up with vivid, emotionally rich, memorable images. First of all, it is necessary to form in preschoolers feelings of attachment to the places where they were born and grow up, since it is with them that vivid emotional experiences are associated.

This is exactly what L.N. Tolstoy meant when he noted: “Without Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it.” In a different form, but the famous Russian writer L. M. Leonov wrote about the same thing: “Great patriotism,” he noted, “begins with love for where you live.”

N.K. Krupskaya pointed out that the main source of impressions of preschoolers is their immediate environment. Children are introduced to the natural and social environment.

Feelings of attachment to native places expand and deepen in the process of learning about the nature of the native land, its beauty and uniqueness.

It is necessary to take into account the influence on the child of the adults who surround him. This is, first of all, the child’s family. It is necessary to include the family in the process of familiarizing preschoolers with the social environment, to familiarize children with the basic principles of patriotism.

The personality of the teacher has a great influence on children. No amount of knowledge of a teacher will have any effect if he himself does not love his Motherland. “In education, everything should be based on the personality of the educator,” wrote Ushinsky, “because educational power flows only from the living source of the human personality. No statutes or programs, no artificial organism of an institution, no matter how cleverly thought out, can replace the individual in the matter of education.”

The theoretical basis for studying issues on the topic “Formation of patriotic feelings in preschool children” can be the ideas of well-known representatives of domestic preschool pedagogy N.K. Krupskaya, R.I. Zhukovskaya, N.F. Vinogradova, S.A. Kozlova, E. K. Suslova.

N.K. Krupskaya noted the importance of the local history approach in patriotic education. She pointed out that the main source of impressions of preschoolers is their immediate environment, the social environment in which they live.

R.I. Zhukovskaya adhered to the ideas of N.K. Krupskaya and saw the consistency of patriotic education of preschoolers across age groups. She noted the need for children to meet people associated with the region, their work, and the defenders of the Fatherland. She emphasized the need to explain to children that whatever the region, something typical for the whole country is reflected in it.

N.F. Vinogradova pointed out the special role of introducing preschoolers to nature in the patriotic education of children. She called love for nature as one of the manifestations of patriotism.

S. A. Kozlova, along with R. I. Zhukovskaya, N. F. Vinogradova, notes the importance of familiarizing children with their native land, the need to familiarize themselves with the work of people. S. A. Kozlova emphasizes that patriotism begins in children with an elementary feeling of affection. “If a child is not attached to anything, how to teach him patriotism? »

E.K. Suslova studied issues of patriotic education and noted the importance of instilling in children respect for all nationalities, since Russia is a multinational country. People like S.A. Kozlova spoke about tolerance towards other peoples and nationalities, spoke about the inadmissibility of exaltation in any manifestations of any nationality. She dealt with issues of patriotic education in the game.

Novitskaya M. Yu. notes that the essence of patriotic education in preschool age is to sow and cultivate in the child’s soul the seeds of love for the native nature, for the home and family, for the history and culture of the country, created by the labors of relatives and friends, those who are called compatriots.

To instill patriotic feelings in preschool children, systematic work is necessary. Depending on the age characteristics of the children, the teacher can use various methods and techniques: walks and excursions, observation, conversations, stories, the use of paintings and illustrations, reading artistic and educational literature. When working with children, it is necessary to take into account the local history approach.

Patriotic education begins with younger age. The feeling of love for the Motherland in a small child begins with affection, love for his mother, family members, his home, and his kindergarten teacher. Gradually, love for the Motherland is fostered, and the concept of “homeland” is formed. Gradually the feeling of attachment expands and deepens.

Patriotic education begins with children’s basic ideas about themselves. Gradually, knowledge deepens and expands.

For a small child, the Motherland begins with his native place - from the street on which he lives, where his kindergarten is located. Educational work must be connected with the environment social life and those accessible objects that surround the child. Patriotic education in preschool educational institutions can be reflected in the diagram.

Scheme of children's sequential acquaintance with social reality.

I - family / home - kindergarten - street - district - city - region - country

The system of work of a preschool institution to familiarize preschoolers with their native land consists of the following blocks:

What do I know about myself;

I and my family;

My kindergarten;

My street, my city, my city is different from others;

My region, its features (social and natural environment).

Full-fledged work on educating children’s patriotic feelings through familiarization with the surrounding world of their native land is possible only with a systematic, targeted approach, taking into account the age-related characteristics of children’s perception. The basis should be the personality of a teacher who loves his Motherland, so as not to automatically impose, but to awaken and cultivate in the child a feeling of love for his small Motherland, for his city, for his region. It is important that the work is carried out in close cooperation between the teacher, children and parents.

Throughout preschool age, starting from junior group Systematic, systematic work must be carried out on the patriotic education of children. The age characteristics of children must be taken into account. This work should be carried out using various methods and techniques and should organically cover almost all types of children’s activities.

Teachers must understand that instilling patriotic feelings in children is a complex and lengthy process that requires great effort from educators. This very painstaking work must be carried out systematically, systematically in all age groups, in different types of activities and in different directions.

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Patriotic education of preschool children

Goal: patriotic education of preschool children is to instill love for the Fatherland and pride in its culture.

1. Formation of a civic-patriotic attitude and a sense of belonging: to the family, city, country; to the nature of the native land; to the cultural heritage of their people.

2. Instilling self-esteem in a child as a representative of his people.

3. Fostering patriotism and a sense of pride for one’s country and region.

“Just like a small tree that barely rises above the ground, a caring gardener strengthens the root, on the power of which the life of the plant depends for several decades, so a teacher should take care of instilling in his children a feeling of boundless love for the Motherland.”

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Fostering patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the tasks of moral education. The feeling of patriotism is so multifaceted in its content that it cannot be defined in a few words. This includes love for one’s native places, pride in one’s people, inseparability with others, the desire to preserve and increase the wealth of the country.

Patriotism is love for the Motherland, devotion to one’s Fatherland and is a significant part of consciousness, manifested in relation to one’s people, history, culture, and state.

From infancy, the child hears his native speech. His mother's songs and fairy tales open a window to the world for him, instilling faith, hope, and goodness. Fairy tales excite a child, make him cry and laugh, show him that hard work, friendship, and mutual assistance are important for a person. Riddles and sayings are pearls of folk wisdom; they are perceived easily and naturally by a child. When selecting these proverbs, it is necessary to take into account that they are understandable to preschool children. The most easily assimilated are figurative proverbs about the Motherland: “There is no more beautiful country in the world than our Motherland,” “Beloved Motherland is our dear mother,” etc.

Love for the Motherland and love for the mother are feelings inextricably linked. The attitude towards the Motherland is largely determined by the impressions children receive from communicating with nature. Proverbs about nature contribute to the formation of interest and attentive attitude towards the native land: “Without an owner, the earth is an orphan”, “The earth loves care”, “The harvest depends on the weather”, etc.

Fairy tales, proverbs, and sayings form the beginnings of love for one’s people, for one’s country. Very early, the nature of the native land enters the child’s world. The river, forest, field gradually come to life for him. Thus, the natural environment acts as the first teacher introducing the child to the Motherland.

At present, the problems of moral and patriotic education are particularly acute. Patriotism is the most complex and highest human feeling. This feeling is so multifaceted in its content that it cannot be defined in a few words. This is both love for one’s native place and pride for one’s people. This is respect for the defenders of the Fatherland, respect for the National Anthem, Flag, and Coat of Arms of the Motherland. Knowledge about the Motherland is sacred for the Russian people. This is not just information that young people receive. These are truths that should touch their feelings. This work requires creative efforts and searches. For the successful implementation of such a complex task, the teacher’s personal interest and constant updating of his knowledge are important.

Patriotic education begins in the preschool years, but in order to raise patriots from an early age, teachers must imagine what is unique about the patriotism of a preschool child, what are the ways and methods of patriotic education in a preschool educational institution.

Strong means of patriotic education are music, literature, and fine arts. Children look at paintings by I. Levitan, I. Shishkin, K. Yuon and other great artists who lovingly depicted the nature of their native Fatherland, listen to poems by A. Blok, S. Yesenin, music by P. Tchaikovsky, S. Prokofiev. It is necessary that only highly artistic works are selected.

Holding musical themed evenings with listening to songs from the revolutionary and war years, about their native land, contributes to the development of patriotic feelings and positive emotions in children, and arouses interest in the customs, traditions, and culture of their people. In an accessible form, you can introduce preschoolers to the history of the creation of our state.

Institutions attach great importance to the heroic and patriotic education of children using the example of the exploits of the defenders of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. Of course, for the guys this is a legend of the distant past. How to make abstract concepts concrete for children, how to tell them about the events of those years, filled with heroic achievements and deeds? Songs, instrumental music, story games, adult performances.

Serious assistance in the matter of patriotic education can be provided by turning to folklore. Its life-giving, cleansing influence is especially necessary for a little person. Having drunk from a pure spring, the child would have known his native people in his heart, would have become the spiritual heir of its traditions, and therefore would have grown up to be a real person.

Consistently introducing preschoolers to works of folk music helps them better understand the wisdom of the Russian people. As a result, children develop interest, love and respect for their people, admiration for their talent. Truthfully reflecting real life, a folk song can have an active organizing and moral impact on the consciousness of children.

The feeling of love for the Motherland begins in a child with attachment to home, to the nature surrounding him, to his native village, city. The development and deepening of patriotic feelings is closely related to the formation of ideas about the native land. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually expand the child’s knowledge about his country. In this regard, a special topic of conversation at music lessons- about the Motherland. Unfortunately, there are very few good songs for children on this topic, but teachers can still choose modern songs and something from the classics in order to awaken children’s interest in the topic itself and create a certain mood.

An important part of the work of instilling love for the Motherland is the formation in children of ideas about the people of their native country. First of all, we should remember those people who glorified our Motherland: famous scientists, inventors, doctors, composers, writers, artists, travelers. Introduce children to best qualities of the Russian people.

In order to expand children's acquired knowledge, it is necessary to create a subject-specific development environment in the group. Set up a corner for moral and patriotic education. In this corner, children can freely and independently review the manuals:

World map depicting forests, rivers, seas, mountains and various animals inhabiting the forests of Russia. Children can show and name the country in which we live, consolidate knowledge about the wealth of our country.

Album “Our Motherland - Russia”. Place the Russian flag in this corner. While looking at the flag, children consolidate their knowledge of color designations. White color- the color of the world, blue color - loyalty to Russia, red color - blood shed for the Motherland. Also in this corner place illustrations of Moscow and Russia.

The coat of arms of Russia depicts a double-headed eagle. One head looks to the west, the other to the east. This means that our state is large and strong. In the eagle's paws is a rod or orb - the strength of the country. Also in the corner there is a portrait of the President of our country V. Putin. Children should know our leader of the country.

Albums “Our Dear Army” help children consolidate their ideas about military professions, various branches of the military, and military equipment. To instill in children a sense of pride for our Motherland, to instill a love for the difficult but honorable duty of defending our Motherland.

A serious direction in patriotic education is familiarization with the traditions of the people, with folk art.

Children are also of great interest in arts and crafts.

Using all these types when working with preschoolers folk art revitalize the pedagogical process and have a special influence on the education of patriotic feelings.

During visual arts classes, children are introduced to toys and objects of folk and decorative art, and then they convey their impressions in drawings, appliqué, and modeling. The collective works of preschoolers based on Dymkovo toys, Khokhloma, and Russian lace are worthy of attention.

In the group, you need to organize creativity corners where children in their free time can look at folk toys, objects of decorative and applied art (or albums with their images). All this enriches and deepens children's ideas about the art, language and life of different peoples.

To strengthen children’s interest in folk art, you need to introduce them to reproductions, albums telling about wood carving, and organize meetings with folk craftsmen.

A special place in patriotic education is given to holidays. Sociologists and cultural experts note that the holiday is the most ancient element of the culture of human society and an unconditional part of its life.

An important means of patriotic education is direct activity children.

This activity can be varied. It is important that it is interesting and understandable to the children and that they willingly take part in it.

Solving the problems of patriotic education largely depends on the teacher and parents. If adults truly love their Motherland, are devoted to it, and are able to notice and show attractive sides to the child along with criticism, one can hope for the effectiveness of educational work. Otherwise, one careless word can destroy a lot. Therefore, parents, educators and teachers should think about their own feelings of love for the Motherland.

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Personal website of teacher Kiseleva L.V.

Patriotic education of preschool children

Relevance, goals and objectives of patriotic education of preschool children.

In modern conditions, when profound changes are taking place in the life of society, patriotic education is becoming one of the central areas of work with the younger generation. Now, in a period of instability in society, there is a need to return to the best traditions of our people, to its age-old roots, to such eternal concepts as clan, kinship, and Motherland.

The feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in its content: it is love for one’s native places, pride in one’s people, a feeling of inseparability with others, and a desire to preserve and increase the wealth of one’s country.

To be a patriot means to feel like an integral part of the Fatherland. This complex feeling arises even in early preschool childhood, when the foundations of a value-based attitude towards the world around us are laid, and is formed in the child gradually, in the course of nurturing love for his neighbors, for kindergarten, for his native places, his native country. Preschool age, as a period of personality development, has its own potential for the formation of higher moral feelings, which include a sense of patriotism.

The draft National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation emphasizes that “the education system is designed to ensure the education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal democratic, social state who respect individual rights and freedoms, have high morality and show national and religious tolerance.”

The implementation of such an education system is impossible without knowledge of the traditions of one’s homeland, one’s region. The basis of this complex pedagogical process is the development of feelings.

The concept of patriotism includes a sense of responsibility to society, a feeling of deep, spiritual attachment to family and home. Homeland, native nature, tolerant attitude towards other people.

A value-oriented approach to content determines the disclosure of cultural origins through the integration of types of children's activities, through means of cognition that enable the child to reveal cultural traditions and independently demonstrate his attitude towards it.

In recent years, attention to the spiritual richness of the cultural heritage of the people has increased. This should be seen as the desire of peoples for national revival.

There is not a single nation that does not strive to preserve its national identity, manifested in its native language, folklore, traditions, and art. Today, the leading principle of education should be considered education carried out on the roots national tradition. Education of a holistic personality requires the use of interrelated means and various forms influence.

In the traditional culture of any nation, all components are in a syncretic form, however, it is necessary to highlight the most accessible to children in terms of content, form of embodiment, and emotional richness: folk games, holidays, arts and crafts, traditions and customs.

Introducing preschoolers to the cultural origins of their country is now becoming one of the priorities. The earlier the formation of the foundations of ethnographic culture begins, the higher its level in the future.

Education today should take care of creating and preserving a space in which adults and children, entering into joint interaction, fulfill a humane mission: they transmit the cultural values of the past and present, learn them and preserve them in the present and in the future.

Preschool age, as the age of formation of the foundations of personality, has its potential for the formation of higher social feelings, which include the feeling of patriotism. To find the right way to cultivate a multifaceted feeling of love for the Motherland, you must first imagine on the basis of what feelings this love can be formed and without what emotional and cognitive basis it cannot appear.

If patriotism is considered as attachment, devotion, responsibility towards one’s Motherland, then a child is taught at preschool age to be attached to something, someone. Before a person empathizes with the troubles and problems of the Motherland, he must acquire the experience of empathy as a human feeling.

Admiration for the vastness of the country, its beauty and riches arises if you teach a child to see the beauty around him. Before a person can work for the good of the Motherland, he must be able to conscientiously and responsibly carry out any business he undertakes.

It is during childhood that the basic qualities of a person are formed. It is especially important to imbue the receptive soul of a child with sublime human values and to arouse interest in the history of Russia.

The basis of patriotic education is moral, aesthetic, labor, and mental education. In the process of such versatile education, the first shoots of civic-patriotic feelings arise.

Thus, in pedagogical aspect under patriotic education I understand the process of forming a conscious person who loves his homeland, the land where he was born and grew up, proud of the historical achievements of his people and their culture.

The principle of integration of various types of children's activities.

The implementation of the principle of integration is impossible without “well-defined support”, which includes the content of education, methods of its implementation, subject-developmental conditions of the organization (environment).

Conditions for patriotic education

Creation, favorable psychological climate a team.

Every day of a child in kindergarten should be filled with joy, smiles, good friends, and fun games. Indeed, by cultivating a feeling of attachment to one’s own kindergarten, one’s own street, one’s own family, the formation of the foundation on which a more complex education will grow—a feeling of love for one’s Fatherland—begins;

Integration of educational content (designing such educational content that would facilitate the child’s assimilation of the cultural and other traditions of his people with the traditions of other peoples) thematic block, theme;

Integration of conditions for the implementation of educational content:

a) technologies for patriotic education;

b) forms of organizing patriotic education of older preschoolers;

c) integrative means, methods (questions, tasks, situations) and techniques;

d) subject-spatial environment, educational visual aids and materials;

Result:

a) intellectual, personal, physical qualities;

b) universal prerequisites for educational activities;

c) formation of universal and civic values among students;

consciousness built on the priority of national-state values;

Unified requirements for the subject-developmental environment for the development of a child, taking into account the requests of subjects of the educational space - teachers, parents, children, the principle of integration is taken into account. The subject-development environment is structured taking into account the interests and needs of the child, providing the child with the opportunity to advance in his development. Enriching the subject-developmental environment, which has a diverse potential for activation, contributes to the non-violent inclusion of the child in educational process and transferring the game into educational activities in order to form the child’s cognitive, social motivation for development and self-realization;

Using a monitoring system (psychological and pedagogical diagnostics):

a combination of various methods (observations, conversations, expert assessment, tests) that ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the data obtained.

The purpose of the project is to provide each child with the conditions for early positive socialization through expanding ideas about the world around him, based on the immediate social environment, the formation of citizenship, patriotic feelings, and love for the Motherland.

The guidelines in the patriotic education of children during childhood are: children's play, design and search activities of adults with children, artistic and literary creativity, communication, creative and productive activities, means of aesthetic education.

This goal can be achieved by solving the following tasks:

To educate children:

The desire to understand cultural traditions through creative, cognitive and research activities;

The desire to feel and realize oneself as part of a large ethnic group, to express one’s own subculture;

Foster respect for the heritage of other peoples.

To foster patriotism and respect for the cultural past of Russia.

To cultivate civic and patriotic feelings through the study of state symbols of Russia.

Form in children:

A feeling of love for one’s native land, one’s small homeland based on familiarization with one’s native nature, culture and traditions;

The idea of Russia as a native country;

The ability to analyze various social phenomena and events, compare them, generalize;

Stimulate children's activity through national outdoor games.

Develop in children:

Cognitive processes (perception, memory, attention, imagination, thinking) and mental operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization) through special games and exercises;

Ideas about national culture, about the lifestyle of people inhabiting the city of Shchelkovo, Moscow region.

Solving the problems made it possible to predict the following educational outcome: this is a student who is able to:

feel yours emotional condition and the emotional state of other people;
show interest in the past, present and future of your city;
capable of solving intellectual problems (tasks) adequate for age - intellectually developed;
show interest in everything new and incomprehensible, unknown - inquisitive;
imagine, invent, capable of creating something new within the framework of age-appropriate activities, capable of finding different ways to solve the same problem - creative;
show activity and independence in decision-making, in performing actions, in activities - proactive;
perceive the beauty of the surrounding world (people, nature), art - feeling the beautiful, emotionally responsive;
understand the value of life; showing care and attention to the surrounding world.

Model of the development of patriotic feelings in preschool children

Arouse interest in children and positively influence their emotions, develop their imagination, curiosity and creativity, develop the ability to interact with each other in game situations, in developing projects, preparing and conducting performances

Give children access to the culture of their own and other peoples, introducing them to the features of the everyday life of their peers, customs, traditions, children's folklore, games, and holiday traditions

The ability to organically integrate various types of activities specific to preschool children into the educational process

Consider personal experience child, which he acquires by communicating in his society (in the family, on the street, in kindergarten, etc.), and correlate with the experience that they can acquire in various forms of educational activities

The project is designed for 3.5 academic years.

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Source vospitatel.moy.su

State institution. KHMAO. Uraysky Specialized Child's Home.

Report on the topic: “Patriotic education of preschool children.

Completed by: teacher

Patriotic education for preschool children.

An extremely important aspect of the problem of educating patriotism is the generally accepted opinion that this process must begin at preschool age. During this period, the formation of the child’s spiritual and moral foundation, emotions, feelings, thinking, mechanisms of social adaptation in society takes place, and the process of self-awareness in the world around us begins.

This period of a person’s life is the most synergistic for the emotional and psychological impact on a child, since his images of perception are very vivid and strong and therefore they remain in memory for a long time, and sometimes for the rest of his life, which is very important in the education of patriotism. At the same time, it should be noted that a holistic scientific concept of the formation of a citizen, a patriot of Russia in modern conditions has not yet been created. In this regard, many questions arise for practicing educators, including: what is included in the content of patriotic education today, and by what means it should be implemented.

The most important means of pedagogical influence in the formation of patriotic feelings of preschoolers is organized observation of the surrounding reality. They see how people work, how work relationships develop, how others evaluate their work, and how they express their respect for those who work well.

However, if the teacher reduces his work only to organizing observations, he very much limits the range of children’s knowledge and ideas and will not be able to achieve the main goal - introducing them to the peculiarities of their native land, awakening interest in the child’s heart, showing him the life of the whole country, and instilling love for the motherland. These problems can only be solved by skillfully combining observations with reading works of art, listening to music, and looking at pictures and illustrations for books. The window of the world will open wider for the child, it will be easier for him to make the necessary generalizations and express the feelings that have arisen.

Raising a citizen and patriot who knows and loves his homeland cannot be successfully accomplished without a deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of his people and the development of folk culture. The culture of Russia includes folk art, which reveals the origins of the spiritual life of the Russian people, clearly demonstrating their moral, aesthetic values, artistic taste and being part of their history.

The national identity of upbringing and teaching was considered by many Russian teachers as the most important condition for the reasonable construction of the education system. Thus, in the memory of V. A. Sukhomlinsky, “only a person who is personally interested in the fate of the Motherland truly reveals himself as a person; ... the most important thing is to open his eyes to what is dear and dear to him.”

T. N. Mapkorskaya, relating patriotism to moral qualities, includes her love for the Fatherland, readiness to defend it, an inextricable connection with internationalism, intolerance to any manifestations of nationalism and chauvinism, commitment to folk culture, knowledge of national traditions, national dignity, pride and honor, which is embodied in citizenship.

Sukhomlinsky V. A., revealing the concept of “Motherland”, links it with the concepts of “man”, “labor”, “duty”, “family”, “native word”, “natural environment”, “beauty”, “love”, “loyalty”, “traditions” » etc.. From here it is possible to formulate goals and objectives for the civic-patriotic education of older preschoolers.

A. S. Makarenko noted that patriotism is manifested not only in heroic deeds. What is required of a true patriot is not only a “heroic outburst,” but also long, painful, pressure-driven work, often even very hard, uninteresting, dirty work.”

I. F. Kharlamov considers patriotism as an interconnected set of moral feelings and behavioral traits, including love of the Motherland, active work for the good of the Motherland, following and increasing the labor traditions of the people, careful attitude towards historical monuments of the customs of the native country, affection and love for native places, the desire to strengthen the honor and dignity of the Motherland, readiness and ability to defend it, military courage , courage and selflessness, brotherhood and friendship of peoples, intolerance of racial and national hostility, respect for the customs and culture of other countries and peoples, the desire for cooperation with them.

Achieving the common goal - the formation of the foundations of citizenship in children of preschool age - involves the consistent solution of a number of tasks:

Raising a child's love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city;

Developing interest in Russian traditions and crafts;

Formation of basic knowledge about the rights and responsibilities of a person and a citizen;

Getting to know the state symbols of Russia;

Expanding the representation of cities and regions of Russia;

Forming a sense of responsibility and pride in the achievements of our country;

Forming respect for other nations and their cultures.

As an analysis of the practical work of domestic teachers shows, a significant role in the competent solution of these problems is played by taking into account the following principles:

The principle from near to far;

The principle of taking into account regional conditions in the promotion of patriotic ideas, meaning the promotion of ideas and values not only of all-Russian patriotism, but also local, characterized by love for the family, city, region.

Thus, the most optimal scenario for organizing work on the patriotic education of preschoolers seems to be the following model:

“family - kindergarten - native street - native city - native country.”

To solve the problems of patriotic education in kindergarten, it is also necessary to cover as wide a range of forms of work as possible. These could be conversations, quizzes, games, holidays, reading, hard work in nature, etc. Well-organized excursion and museum activities can be of great importance in the formation of patriotic feelings in children, the main thing in its implementation is to avoid formalism.

Active, varied activities are of great importance for the patriotic education of children, since to be a patriot is not only to know and love your country, but also to actively act for its benefit. We teachers find activities for children so that its content is consistent with the goals of education, and the form is accessible to every child and corresponds to the content. To do this, we need to be well aware of the content, features of organization and management of all types of children’s activities (activities, work, play), and also be able to combine them into one pedagogical process, subordinate to a single task.

GAMES, as well as activities, contribute to solving the problems of patriotic education. The game, starting with children after observing the work process, as well as under the influence of a work of art or plot drawing they liked, develops into an interesting long-term game in which the children apply their knowledge and their accumulated life experience. Our task is to maintain interest in such a game, to give it the necessary direction.

In the process of implementing tasks, you can obtain the following results:

Increase the level of development of preschool children;

Provide a comprehensive approach to the development of patriotic feelings in preschoolers;

Increase children's cognitive interest in their native land, in their country;

Increase the importance of patriotic education in the eyes of the students’ parents.

Understanding the essence and content of patriotism and its enormous significance in the development and formation of personality, one cannot help but quote the words of K. D. Ushinsky, full of the deepest meaning. “Just as there is no man without self-love,” wrote Konstantin Dmitrievich, “so there is no man without love for the fatherland, and this love provides education with the sure key to a person’s heart and a powerful weapon for the fight against his bad natural, personal, family and tribal inclinations.”

In conclusion, we note that pedagogical theory and practice convincingly show that the formation of such a socially significant personality quality as patriotism is not easy, but it is necessary to begin from a very early age in life. The existing system of preschool education in our country has sufficient resources (personnel, material, scientific and methodological) to solve this urgent problem, and changes in state policy in this area, expressed in the development and adoption of a number of government documents, provide this vitally important process for our Motherland with the necessary legal basis.

Bibliography:

1. Sukhomlinsky V. A. The Birth of a Citizen Publishing House. Radjanskaschool 1989

2 freepapers.ru/16/vospitanie-patriotizma.../197627.1191457.list5.html

3. V. D. Sipovsky “Native Antiquity”. - M./ Sovremennik, 1993.

4. Kharlamov I. F. Pedagogy

5. Mikhailova M. A. Development of musical abilities of children. Yaroslavl. Academy of Development: 2003.-260.p.

6. Klenov A. S. I know the world: Children's encyclopedia. M.: 1999gs.864.