I quote Dervish:
Regarding the Mongol-Tatars: all six pillar tribes of the Mongols who raised Genghis Khan on the white felt are the main Kazakh tribes and are completely absent from the Khalkha Mongols:
Naiman, kerey (t), konyrat (kongirat), merkit, kiyat, barzhigit, etc.
All written decrees were given in the Turkic languages of Ude during his first foreign campaigns against China. Therefore, the speculation that it was then that the victors, the Mongols?! Turkified, does not stand up to any criticism, since the campaign in Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan began only after that. All the names of Genghis Khan’s relatives are Turkic and no one will argue with this, except perhaps a completely stupid person......
Modern Mongols do not have the status of khan, gurkhan, burkhan, atalyk, etc. They do not have the dynasty line of Genghis Khan and persecuted all the Genghisids, who remained only with the Kazakhs
I look, and here the Kazakhs started a fight.
The man under the nickname “Dervish” is another Kazakh pseudo-historian, whose posts should under no circumstances be taken seriously. Everything there is complete nonsense, designed for people who are far from eastern history.
I’ll start the refutations in order:
1. Only in the “Secret History of the Mongols” (the most important primary source on the history of the Mongols) can you learn about the events and vicissitudes of that time in the Mongolian steppe. Temujin was elected All-Mongolian Khan and named Genghis Khan in 1206 at the All-Mongolian Kurultai. The Secret History does not indicate the tribes present at all. The kurultai simply gathered, erected a nine-bunched white banner and named him Genghis Khan. And the fact that Genghis Khan was raised on a white felt mat is also not the case.
The Naimans, Kereits, and Merkits were defeated by Genghis Khan and therefore they could not take part in the kurultai. These are conquered tribes.
Kiyat, Kungirat are purely Mongolian tribes. This can be learned from another important primary source, “Collection of Chronicles” by Rashid ad-din, written at the beginning of the 14th century. All Mongolian and Turkic tribes are listed there. The Naimans and Kereits (together with the Kipchaks, Karluks, Kirghiz, Uighurs...) fell into the division of tribes, not respected by the Mongols because the Mongols conquered them.
There is no such tribe as “Barzhigit”, but there is “Borjigin” (gray-eyed - Mong.). This is the family of Genghis Khan, purely Mongolian.
2. All decrees in the Mongol Empire were given in the Mongolian language using the Uyghur script (alphabet). Even the Golden Horde paitsa are written in Mongolian in Uyghur letters. Google: old Mongolian letter, paiza.
3. All the names of Genghis Khan’s relatives are Mongolian: Jochi, Chaadai, Ogedei, Tolui, Daritai, Batu, Hoelun, Borte... Read the Secret Legend: there are a lot of Mongolian names there.
4. The fact that the Mongols borrowed the title “khan, khan” from the Turks does not mean anything. These are two neighboring and even related peoples. Their current languages have up to 25% lexical overlap and a common agglutinative grammar. The Mongols adopted this title from the Turks under the influence of the former Turkic Khaganate, which existed in Mongolia in the 6th - 8th centuries. even before the Mongols.
5. True Tatars are Mongol-speaking. They belong to the Mongolian tribes. And the Mongols killed many of them back in Mongolia. Then this ethnonym spread to the conquered Kipchaks of the Golden Horde. And from them to the rest of the Turkic-speaking peoples of the Horde.
6. Mongols in the 13th century. conquered all the Turkic peoples and established their ruling Mongol dynasty of the Chingizids for several centuries. Among the Kazakhs, she ruled for 6 centuries until the mid-19th century. and was abolished by the “Charter on the Siberian Kirghiz” (1822), and the “Charter on the Orenburg Kirghiz” (1824). In St. Zhuz - after joining Russia in 1847.
7. This is what the traveler Marco Polo writes in his “Book” about the Mongols, Kipchaks (Komans), Batu (Sain) in the Golden Horde (spelling preserved):
Chapter SSXX
The kings of the Western Tatars are described here
The first king of the Western Tatars was Sain; He was a strong and powerful king. This king Sain conquered Russia, Komania, Alania, Lak, Mengiar, Zich, Guchia and Khazaria, all these regions were conquered by king Sain. And before he conquered them, they all belonged to the Comans, but they were not friendly with each other and did not form one kingdom, and therefore the Comans lost their lands and were dispersed around the world; and those who remained in place were in slavery to this king Sain. After King Sain, Patu reigned, after Patu, Berka reigned, after Berka, King Mongletemur reigned, after him, King Totamongur, and then Toktai, who now reigns.
Marco Polo mistakenly distinguishes Sain from Batu, who received the nickname Sain Khan (good khan) from the Mongols.
Marco Polo (like all Europeans of that time) called the Mongols Tatars.
In the Golden Horde, the Komans - Kipchaks (proto-Kazakhs) were in SLAVERY to the ruling Mongols.
8. In the Western Campaign of 1236, the Mongols, led by Batu, actively used captured Kipchak Komans as hashar (human shields during the siege of fortresses).
History has preserved for us a valuable description of the Mongol troops in Hungary by an eyewitness - a learned archdeacon from Split: “Those people are small in stature, but their chests are wide. Their appearance is terrible: their face is beardless and flat, their nose is blunt, and their small eyes are far apart from each other. Their clothing, impenetrable to cold and moisture, is made of two skins folded together (with the wool facing out), so that it looks like scales; helmets made of leather or iron. Their weapons are a curved saber, quivers, a bow and an arrow with a sharp tip made of iron or bone, which is 4 fingers longer than ours. On their black or white banners they have (bunchuk) tufts of horse hair. Their horses, which they ride without a saddle, are small but strong, accustomed to intense marches and hunger; the horses, although not shod, climb and gallop through the caves like wild goats, and after three days of intense racing they are content with a short rest and little food. And people do not care much about their food, as if they live from the very severity of their upbringing: they do not eat bread, their food is meat, and their drink is mare’s milk (kumis) and blood. They take many prisoners with them, especially many armed Cumans (Polovtsians), drive them ahead of them into battle and kill them as soon as they see that they are not going blindly into battle. The Mongols themselves are reluctant to go into battle. If one of them is killed, he is immediately buried without a coffin.
The Cumans, also known as the Polovtsians, are proto-Kazakhs.
Caucasian girls have long been famous for their beauty. Their mysterious and modest image wins the hearts of men, and their charm and charm make them admire. Chechen women are able to amaze with their reasonable and balanced disposition, their ability to understand loved ones and provide them with support. Of course, the world knows the most beautiful Chechen women who have achieved fame. Looking at the photos of these representatives of the fair sex, one can only guess how many charming girls can be found in this republic.
Based on many polls, the first beauty of Chechnya is Makka Sagaipova. The girl was born in the city of Grozny on February 14, 1987 in the family of a talented musician. Since childhood, she began to show interest in music, which in the future allowed her to become a famous singer:
- at the age of 6, Macca performed on stage for the first time;
- at the age of 8 she began learning to dance;
- At the age of 15 she gained fame singing the song “ Handsome boy", which became a hit;
- at the age of 16 she presented her first album “I am your daughter - Chechnya” to the public;
- At the age of 17, she delighted her fans with the release of her second album, “Bezam.”
Makka Sagaipova did not perform on stage for a long time. The exact reason for the lull in her creative career was not named, although many believe that it was a consequence of her marriage. Only in 2011, the singer again delighted her fans with new songs.
Another representative of the fairer sex from Chechnya, Amina Khakisheva, captivates with her beauty. She was born on September 4, 1990 in Grozny. Inspired by the talent and achievements of her father, who became a famous director in Chechnya, Amina decided to become a journalist. In 2008, she became a people's presenter, and two years later she received the title of Honored Journalist of the Chechen Republic. Since 2011, Amina Khakisheva can be seen in news broadcasts federal channel"Russia 24". The girl is also interested in dancing and writes articles, which indicates her diverse interests.
One of the most beautiful representatives of the Chechen Republic is Tamila Eldarkhanova. The famous dancer and model was born on July 27, 1995. Currently lives in the city of Grozny. Tamila won the hearts of many fans not only with her charming appearance, but also with her excellent performance of Lezginka. She positions herself with the new progressive generation of youth who want to have more freedom in life. The girl has her own accounts in social networks, where she systematically posts new photos. Tamila's current life is shrouded in mystery. Based on the pictures, the girl’s fans assume that she got married, although there has been no official confirmation of this event yet.
Among the most beautiful Chechen women is Dilara Surkhaeva, who became famous for singing blues songs. She was born in Grozny in the family of a talented actor. IN three years of age After her parents’ divorce, the girl moved to the Kemerovo region, where she lived with her mother. She graduated from Kemerovo State University, where she received a degree in translation. Dilara loves to sing, although she never dreamed of playing music professionally. Currently she lives in Moscow. The girl admits that she often misses her homeland, which is sometimes reflected in the songs she performs.
The Chechen singer Kheda Khazmatova became famous for her beauty and beautiful voice. She was born in 1991 in the city of Grozny. From a young age, the girl was interested in singing. Thanks to her beautiful voice, Heda won the favor of numerous fans. She repeatedly gave solo concerts and was predicted to have a wonderful career. But the beautiful Chechen chose to devote herself family life. She married her lover and moved to Armenia with him. Admirers of Kheda Khazmatova still hope that the singer is on sabbatical and will delight them with new hits.
Charming and beautiful - these are the words that can describe the beautiful Chechen Zamira Dzhabrailova. The girl was born in Russia in 1991, but in childhood moved to live in Grozny. Her father, who worked as a policeman, was killed in the line of duty. Zamira managed to take part in the “Beauty of Chechnya 2006” competition, held in Grozny. The girl won, for which she was awarded a trip to France and a new car. She sold the car and gave the money to charity. Such a gesture demonstrated the kindness and generosity of the beautiful Chechen woman.
The beauty of the Chechen model Ilona Bisultanova evokes real admiration. The girl became a world famous model at a young age. She gained the greatest fame after showing the Dolce&Gabbana collection, in which she advertised hijabs. Currently, Ilona Bisultanova has launched her own clothing line for Muslim women in Grozny. In an interview, the girl admits that as a child she dreamed of becoming a veterinarian and could not even think that she would become a famous model. Now she intends to achieve significant heights in the world of design.
When listing the first beauties of Chechnya, one cannot fail to mention Tamila Sagaipova. She followed in her father's footsteps and older sister, becoming a popular singer. From early childhood, Tamila showed interest in music. Relatives who noticed the girl’s talent did their best to promote her musical career. Tamil celebrity came from participation in the very popular Chechen project “Young Stars 2”. Since then, she has repeatedly delighted her fans with wonderful hits. The girl intends to continue performing on stage. She has repeatedly taken part in international music competitions.
The appearance of another beautiful Chechen girl, Elbika Dzhamaldinova, evokes admiration. This young singer, at the age of 21, has already won the hearts of thousands of fans. Elbika’s most popular hit was the song “Father”. During her performance, the girl did not hide her emotions, and tears rolled down her cheeks. This amazed the fans and made them admire Elbika’s talent even more.
Milna Bakhaeva, better known to the general public under the pseudonym Milana Terloeva, has not only beauty, but also exceptional talent. While studying at the university in Grozny, Milana was among the students who were given the opportunity to get an education in Paris. After finishing her studies, she began to build a career as a journalist. Milana wrote a book on French, in which she described her life. The book also tells about the horrors of the wars that took place in Chechnya in the 1990s, which Milan had to face.
Video
The Village spoke with a Chechen girl who moved with her parents to Moscow about why Chechen youth are more conservative than their parents and how to dress, play sports, get married, and take precautions if you are a Muslim.
About life in Chechnya
We moved from Chechnya, like most families, during the war - I was three years old. Dad was offered a job in Kazakhstan, and we lived there for a dozen years. I went to a local school, where almost all the children were Russian. Then by family matters we returned to Chechnya. The father decided that it was useful for children to know their roots.
In our hometown, both in the post-war period and to this day, there are no normal schools. All the professors and educated teachers left during the war, leaving mostly the rural population. There is no homework or proper study, and teachers often make mistakes themselves. The guys are busy with everything, but not with their studies: the girls are thinking about dates, the guys have their own things on their minds.
But everywhere has its pros and cons. One of the advantages is the mentality. In Chechnya, everything is decent: you won’t hear any swearing or rudeness from others, especially from girls. But at first it was still very difficult for me, especially because of my relationships with my peers. For a long time I couldn’t find a friend: I had absolutely nothing to talk about with them.
Already in the eighth-ninth grade, all girls are potential brides, who are being eyed by those who have sons or nephews. By the 10th grade, everyone starts giving you hints. But the girls themselves don’t mind: they go to the weddings of their friends, where they get noticed. I think this is due to the fact that young people in Chechnya have nowhere to really meet people. There are no clubs like in Moscow, so relationships are built according to established traditions.
In my case, as in all Chechen families, festivities are strictly limited
About Chechen WhatsApp and ISIS
I didn’t have any conflicts in Moscow. No one poked at me or whispered behind my back, like, “They’ve come in large numbers.” There are, of course, jokes in my direction. “Her brothers are snipers on the roof. You can’t talk to her, don’t sit next to her” - they say something like that at the university, but I treat it with irony. For me, national conflicts are the stupidest.
All Chechens in Moscow know each other through one person. Everyone is trying to communicate and meet, especially young people. Chechens can be found most often in shopping centers: for example, in “European”, “Afimoll” or “Festival”. The older generation goes to different restaurants.
At the university, all Chechens communicate with each other. If you saw a Chechen woman in a stream, then you will communicate in any way. Everyone thinks this is because we don’t consider other nationalities as people, but that’s not true. It’s much easier to communicate with a person of your own mentality and worldview: you don’t have to explain a million incomprehensible rules.
Of course, we have conflicts among ourselves, but if any troubles happen, the Chechens stay very united. There is a prejudice that if someone offends you, your Chechen brothers will immediately come to sort it out. To be honest, there is some truth in this. If a Chechen guy doesn’t know a Chechen girl, but sees what’s happening to her conflict situation, he will stand up for her. I had funny story in the first year: a Chechen boy from another stream came up to me and made a whole speech. He said that if someone offends me, I should immediately contact him.
WhatsApp is very popular among Chechens - almost everyone has it. The application is actively used by women and girls, because WhatsApp is the main source of information and gossip. Otherwise, Chechens, like the rest of the inhabitants of our country, are on VKontakte. Those who left Russia are on Facebook.
I know that many young guys who are overly passionate about religion have a positive attitude towards ISIS ( in 2014, the Islamic State was recognized as a terrorist organization, and its activities in the territory Russian Federation was prohibited. - Approx. ed.). They believe that going to Syria is good, they need to fight, defend their brothers in faith and their religion. So this is jihad. But for some reason they do not remember the words of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.), that in Islam “paradise is under the feet of the mother” ( Apparently, this refers to the parable of the man who asked the Prophet Muhammad whether it was worth participating in a military campaign. The Prophet, having learned that the questioner’s mother was alive, said: “Go to her and be inseparably with her, truly paradise is under her feet.” - Note ed.). Doing things like this without parental permission - huge sin .
I have a negative attitude towards all this. I personally saw how many tears the mothers of those children who went to Syria shed - their corpses are often returned from there. The action of the Moscow State University student is completely incomprehensible to me.
There are, of course, jokes in my direction.
“Her brothers are snipers on the roof. You can't talk to her don't sit next to me"
About the ban on pajamas and love for YSL
We don't wear trousers: it is believed that this men's clothing. That's why we don't wear pajamas or jeans. Eat Chechen families, in which girls can walk around the house in pajamas, but not in mine. Our father forbade us to wear trousers at the age of 11. I can wear a short house dress at home, my father allows it. And if it’s cold outside, you need to wear warm tights. In general, I have one pair of pants for winter. IN severe frost I wear them on the street, and then - when dad doesn't see.
My university has physical education, and I go to it. But there are Muslim women who don’t go: they just pay or make certificates. In Chechnya, in many schools, girls are not particularly stressed in physical education. But in Moscow everything depends on the father, on the man: whether he considers this normal. If she doesn’t allow it, then they ask the girl for a certificate.
At our school, boys and girls studied together, but the girls did not particularly participate - they sat on the bench. Then a Soviet-trained teacher appeared who forced the girls to at least play volleyball or tennis. Many girls go in for sports until the seventh or eighth grade, and then everything is impossible. For physical education classes, girls wear sports skirts or leggings, and long tunics on top.
A real Chechen woman should dress without showing off. In the first place is modesty and education: this is what needs to be emphasized. A skirt below the knee is required (although rarely anyone wears that now), covered shoulders and a scarf on the head. In general, I think you should wear large, beautiful scarves that look more noble than the headscarves worn by milkmaids. We were forced to wear such “triangles” in a Chechen school.
In Moscow I met in different ways dressed girls: someone loves sporty style(skirt with sneakers), some in black, others who prefer a more classic outfit. The Etro fashion house is very popular among Chechen women. Five years ago, all sorts of Chechen companies began to open, one of the most famous is Firdaws. The most important thing is that the clothes comply with the rules, and so many people dress in the same Zara. I noticed that girls love Louis Vuitton bags.
And every second Chechen woman has Yves Saint Laurent bags.
The image of a Chechen woman and a Muslim woman are two different things. Chechen woman appearance shows modesty and nobility, but at the same time dresses modernly.
But with a hijab you cannot show fashion and modernity. On the contrary, this is the kind of thing that hides you from the outside world, because the Koran instructs women to “cover their aura” - everything that can cause some bad thoughts.
There is terrible fashion in Chechnya now: girls buy bright clothes and wear an insane amount of makeup. You walk past them and can’t help but look, and this already contradicts the very idea of \u200b\u200bthe hijab. You can show your beauty to your family, but only to your husband in its entirety. When wearing a hijab, you can only add a little touch of color to your eyes. No lipstick is already a sin: with them you will evoke vicious thoughts.
Yves Saint Laurent bags Every second Chechen woman has it
About dating
My mother was raised in accordance with adats ( pre-Islamic customs and folk legal practices. - Approx. ed.), and she raised me according to them. Therefore, I try to correspond to the canon of a Chechen girl, despite new trends. Guys are now very upset that most girls behave inappropriately. In my mother’s time, girls would not have thought of being rude to a man, but now many Chechen women can answer in such a way that it doesn’t seem too little.
In the post-war period, everyone left Chechnya for different cities and countries, and the girls were brought up far from their homeland, absorbing a different way of life. If you look at them now, you won’t be able to tell right away whether they are Chechens. Therefore, many guys turn on guardianship: this is how they try to preserve the image of a Chechen girl who should not talk to strangers, but should be modest and inviolable. At the same time, you cannot be arrogant, you must command respect.
Previously, Chechen girls did not go beyond the threshold of their home at all - you could meet them only when they went to the spring for water. My mother could already go out on dates. This doesn't mean it was okay to hold hands. Everything was discreet: they walked at a distance of a meter, accompanied by the girl’s sister or friend. Of course, the couple could go away to talk. Mom could go to one, to the second.
The classic scenario of how relationships develop between a Chechen guy and a girl is now like this. A guy likes a girl, he gets her number and asks her out. In Chechnya, everyone knows that a girl can communicate with other guys only while she is single and searching. When everything is serious with a couple, the girl should not communicate with anyone anymore. In Moscow, morals are stricter: even if communication has just begun, guys are very categorical about your communication with other young people. Now young people are walking, but at a great distance from each other. Coming close to a girl is not only unsightly, but also prohibited by law. Even as spouses, you should not publicly express your emotions and feelings: relationships are not for the public.
Even if you have been dating a young man for a very long time, you cannot have sex before marriage. This is prohibited both in Islam and according to adats. Even today, non-virgins are treated as second-class brides. If a guy respects himself and his family, he will never marry such a girl. If a girl has already been married, the demand for her drops. But if a woman is widowed and remains faithful to her deceased husband, she is greatly respected.
I am friends with my mother, but not enough to discuss my personal life with her. It seems to me that it is indecent to discuss this directly. I can give a hint, but no more. For me, sex before marriage is unacceptable. As before, premarital sex in Chechnya is very strictly condemned. Twenty years ago, even your own father could have killed you for this. Maybe this is wild for some, but we have been raised this way since childhood. Leading a free lifestyle means insulting the honor of your family, and this is a great sin.
About marriage
I can only marry a Muslim. But I do not condemn those who marry non-Chechens. Religion is more important to me than nationality. My father, a very conservative person, will most likely insist that his future son-in-law be a Chechen. I want traditional family, but without extremism. I want me and mine future husband looked in the same direction so that we had a common goal, he shared my worldview.
My father's generation - those about fifty - adheres more to adat than to religion. Wives, sisters, mothers can look after men, carry everything on themselves, and husbands have mistresses. The wife suffers, but is silent - I cannot understand this. For my peers, Islam comes first; they have a more respectful attitude towards women.
It's normal to get married at 20–23 years old. Previously, girls under 18 were extradited. If you didn’t get married at 25, then you are already receiving proposals from men 30–40 years old. If you are already 30, then it is harder to get married: often such women marry divorced or widowers of 40–50 years old. My parents don’t rush me: my mother wants me to choose the time and the person myself. Of course, they will also look to see if he is normal, if he comes from a good family. But they themselves know that I will not choose a bad person. They won't do anything to me if I don't get married. But the parents will be upset: after all, marriage and the further well-being of their daughter is happiness for any mother.
The image of a Chechen woman and a Muslim woman- different things. Chechen woman shows modesty with her appearance and nobility, but at the same time dresses modernly
About polygamy and Louise's wedding
Speaking about polygamy, we must understand that there are those who perceive Islam correctly, and those who interpret it for themselves. Some Muslims (mainly in Dagestan) take a second wife so that people do not point fingers at her as a mistress. Because in Islam you cannot have a woman on your side; this is punished very strictly - a sin. In Islam, polygamy is allowed only if you are a truly religious person and can make your wives equally happy. It's hard.
I am ambivalent about the marriage of 17-year-old Luiza Goilabieva and Nazhud Guchigov, Kadyrov’s man. I also understand the difference of 15 years between spouses, when, for example, a woman is 40 and a man is 55. Women age earlier, and this will look normal, especially with age. But when there is such a thing between people big difference? It is undoubtedly clear why he needs such a young woman.
The age difference confuses me just as much as the fact that this is my second wife. Although there are different situations. For example, you already have a young wife and you take some older widow under your wing for noble purposes.
And here it is clear for what purposes. I can't justify it at all. Even if there are some feelings there, it seems to me that the girl is very naive: she fell for money, status. Apparently, I didn’t think that everything would go so far.
Louise's wedding was not according to tradition. We don't go to the registry office. All my friends said: “They would have shouted ‘Bitter!’.” All this is a political move. And the bride’s face is murdered, like at a funeral, that’s too much. Even Western countries are already aware of this situation.
I have been to traditional Chechen weddings many times. According to Chechen custom, the bride at the wedding should not show any emotions: marriage for her means separation from home. This is essentially a sad event and the bride's side does not celebrate anything, they give the bride away. The husband's side is celebrating.
In Chechen customs, it is not the guy who proposes, but the girl. She gives a ring or some thing of hers as a promise that she will not marry anyone else.
And if you later change your mind and get ready to marry someone else, the first one can come and pick you up by presenting this thing. The relatives will no longer be able to do anything: it’s her own fault, since she promised. Otherwise, you lose the honor of the family.
During an engagement, usually one of the elders - a brother or father - comes to the girl’s house, talks to her father, and informs her of her intentions. As a rule, a girl’s father is not aware of her relationship unless his wife tells him. Father and daughter never discuss the topic directly. If I have a young man, I won’t tell my father: it’s impossible, it’s ugly.
About contraception and divorce
After getting married, all communication between a woman and other men completely stops. Only in ten years will any conversations be possible.
According to adats, a woman is supposed to remain silent and obey a man. The wife should advise and help, be a support, but the last word belongs to her husband.
There are several options for the behavior of a Chechen wife: either she makes it clear that everything is decided by the man, and she is in the background, or she manipulates her husband, but it looks as if he is again in charge. Families also have partnerships: all issues are resolved together.
Divorce is not practiced in Islamic law. There can be no talk about them. If you have any problems in your family, you must endure and not complain. Previously, women were even beaten - There are especially many such stories in the older generation. Now this also happens sometimes. If your husband beats you, it is not advertised. Previously, they had not discussed this with anyone at all and continued to live with such a man. If everything is really bad, you can return back to your family. But if you got married without your parents’ approval, they won’t take you back: it’s your own fault. In our country, marriages are rarely registered at the registry office, so formally there are no problems with divorce. But if you have registered, you can go to your family without submitting an application.
Whether or not to use protection is a personal matter. Now young and adequate people use contraceptives. In Islam, as far as I know, there is no prohibition on this. The main thing is that everything happens in marriage. It is not necessary for a family to have 20 children: let there be one, but a well-educated one. In Islam, everything is very simple and logical, and good things are not prohibited. It's just that some people complicate Islam itself.
In Islam, a pregnant woman and mother are of great importance. Abortion is prohibited, but there are reservations in the Koran. Abortion is permitted, for example, if the pregnancy threatens the woman's life. If the period is rather long, a woman can sacrifice herself - and will be in heaven for such an act.
If a child may be born disabled, abortion is categorically impossible: it is the will of the Almighty, the child can recover. And if you were born disabled, it means that this is a test from the Almighty and you need to pass it with dignity. A disabled person also has the right to life, and making him happy according to Islam is also possible.
Wife should advise and help, to be a support, but the last word belongs to her husband. If you have any problems in your family, you have to be patient and not complain
About career
From time immemorial, it was believed that all responsibility for the family lies with the man, so before Chechen women didn't work. It was believed that if a woman wants to work, it means that her husband does not provide enough. The men felt humiliated for this.
Now everything has changed, and our women have the opportunity to work. It all depends on your desire, and guys are calmer about this. Of course, men want their home to be comfortable, and that’s why home always comes first. You can work, but everything in the house must still be prepared and cleaned. When a husband comes home from work, he shouldn’t think anything bad.
I am currently studying and in the future I plan to work in my specialty. I hope that the person with whom I want to connect my life will not mind. I believe that work should be for the soul, and not for money. Chechen girls study a variety of specialties, but the main thing is not to go beyond the bounds of decency. A Chechen woman may well become a journalist.
There are professions that Chechen women could not even think about ten years ago. For example, working as a model in a Chechen fashion house. There is nothing like it in the global modeling industry, but before this even seemed unreal. Now, in general, there are a lot of talented Chechen photographers, artists, and creative people. Before, it seemed strange: they say, you are a Chechen and you do this. In our homeland they didn’t even welcome the great Esambaev ( Makhmud Esambaev is a Chechen ballet dancer, actor and choreographer. - Note ed.).
Now Chechen men interested in educated wives. Maybe it’s easier for someone to buy their woman a diploma so that she spends less time at university. But usually a man is only for it if a girl receives a higher education.
Text: Anna Ekomasova
Illustrations: Nastya Grigorieva
15-year-old Khedi Konchieva on a date with her boyfriend in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. During the date, the couple should be in society, while young people should sit a few meters away from each other. Any form of intimate contact is strictly prohibited, and those girls who have had sexual intercourse before marriage risk being killed at the hands of their own family.
Photographer Diana Markosyan, working for a Moscow agency in 2010, asked to be sent to Chechnya. Diana, who grew up in Russia but studied in the United States, was 20 years old at the time.
“The agency did not send me to Chechnya, so I decided to go there myself. Grozny became my goal, and then my home.”
Markosyan soon became an expert in this region, where many of her colleagues did not even want to go. Last November, Diana finally moved to Chechnya. According to her, living and working in Chechnya is quite risky and dangerous; cases of kidnapping of girls are very frequent. Although the Russian government says that peace has been restored in the region after more than a decade of counter-insurgency wars, this is not entirely true. The invisible presence and influence of the Chechen authorities on the life and work of local citizens is strongly felt. In her personal project, Markosyan tried to show the life of girls living in Chechnya.
“It’s one thing to come here for a week, like I did before. But it’s completely different to stay here and experience everything that the local girls experience.”
Chechnya has experienced a wave of Islamization since the collapse of the Soviet Union: religious dress is compulsory, young and polygamous marriages have become more common, and gender roles are becoming increasingly conservative. President Ramzan Kadyrov has publicly stated that women are the property of their husbands. At the same time in the republic high level unemployment, and therefore many young girls, even becoming mothers, are forced to live with their parents.
“As an ordinary citizen, I don’t feel any danger here. But since I’m doing something unusual, especially for a girl, I behave very carefully.”
Diana had to change her approach to work, as local people distrust her and are afraid to show what they do in everyday life. For example, a seemingly innocent photograph of a woman smoking can have the most detrimental consequences for her. Parents are very concerned about what might happen to their children if they are caught doing inappropriate activities.
Markosian had to spend weeks with the subjects before she was able to take even one photograph. The girls and women she used in her project are a mirror of Chechnya as a whole. “The flexibility of local women inspired me to create of this project", says Diana. “They are trying to do at least something on their own at such a difficult time, when the region is just recovering from almost two decades of war.”
15-year-old Seda Mahagieva puts on a hijab before leaving her house. Seda says this is her duty as a Muslim.
A couple dances at a party in the town of Shali, 30 km from Grozny.
13-year-old Farida Mukhaeva dances at her friend's wedding. According to traditional modesty, the Chechen bride should stand in the corner throughout the ceremony, and the groom should rarely appear in public view.
Guests dance at a wedding, one of them waving a gun.
Ninth grade school students in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Unlike previous generations, half of them wear the hijab.
Girls study the Koran in an underground madrasah, or religious school, in the village of Serzhen-Yurt.
A football team of disabled people who suffered from landmines trains in a gym on the outskirts of Grozny. More than 3,000 mine-related accidents have occurred in Chechnya since 1994.
Girls return home after morning prayer in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Both have worn the hijab for two years, despite their families' disapproval.
On the outskirts of Grozny during sunset, 29-year-old Kazbek Mutsaev takes a celebratory shot within the framework of an old wedding tradition in Chechnya.
16-year-old Layusa Ibragimova reads her wedding vows in the presence of a local imam. According to tradition, Chechen couples read their vows separately.
Layusa Ibragimova gets her hair styled and manicured at her home in the city of Urus-Martan. Her father gave Layusa in marriage to 19-year-old Ibragim Isaev. Before the wedding, Layusa and Ibrahim communicated only a few times.
Schoolgirls sit in front of the Heart of Chechnya mosque in Grozny. The mosque is the largest in Europe.
Friends of Seda Mahagieva adjust her headdress in her home in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Seda wears a hijab despite her mother's disapproval.
A group of guests eagerly await the groomsmen to pick up the bride from her home on her wedding day.
The southern Russian region of Chechnya has experienced nearly two decades of brutal war in which approximately 200,000 Chechens have died. The photograph shows the mountainous region of Itum Kale, where the rebels were based during both wars.
Photojournalist Diana Markosyan has spent the last year and a half in Chechnya. In her project, she documented how young girls in the region lived after the war. And this is what she writes: “The most innocent actions at first glance for young Chechen girls can mean breaking the law. If a Chechen girl is caught smoking, she may be arrested. If it is discovered that a girl had sex with a guy before marriage, she can be killed. If Chechen girls dare to rebel, they immediately become a target in the eyes of the authorities. After nearly two decades of war and 70 years of Soviet rule, when religious movements were banned, Chechnya is experiencing an Islamic revival. The Chechen government is building mosques in every village, prayer rooms in public schools and forcing women and men to adhere to stricter Islamic dress. In this photo report you will see how Chechen girls we have to quickly rethink ourselves and our lives as residents of an Islamic state.”
Markosyan reports that working in Chechnya is quite difficult: “Working as a photojournalist in Chechnya, and even as a woman, is a rather difficult task. With the prosperity of Islam, the region is experiencing significant changes. The government is trying to adopt Islamic laws and strengthen Chechen traditions. Attitudes towards women are becoming more and more conservative. Women should be submissive and behave modestly in the presence of men. What makes the job very difficult is that many Chechen officials do not take women seriously. I try not to take it personally and look for different ways to work around it. There is also a degree of fear when living and working in such an unpredictable region as North Caucasus. I'm still not completely used to this kind of life. My telephone conversations They bug me, security officers constantly harass me, once they even deleted my photos, I was detained more than a dozen times.”
A Chechen girl who considers herself emo paints her lips with pink gloss. Local emo, basically like everywhere else, wear pink and black clothes, sneakers and have punk-style haircuts. They are a target for the Chechen authorities.
Classes in the school gym in the village of Serzhen-Yurt. Schoolgirls dressed in long skirts and scarves, because sports uniform does not correspond to Muslim norms. Girls should be modestly dressed in front of boys.
Relatives of the Chechen poet Ruslan Akhtakhanov mourn his death. The poet, known for his speeches against separatists, was shot dead in Moscow.
Chechen dancers backstage at a concert hall in Grozny. The recent terrorist attack at the concert hall, in which at least five people were killed and several others wounded, is still very much in the minds of local residents.
Chechen artists backstage before a performance. Local celebrities were among the first to wear headscarves to conform to Muslim fashion.
20-year-old Islamic University student Amiina Mutieva prays before starting classes.
Young girls in bright scarves wait their turn to dance, Shawls.
First-graders during a break at school in Grozny. There is a poster on the wall with the inscription “Our Strength” and a picture of Ramzan Kadyrov.
Friends Seda Mahagieva, Kameta Sadulaeva and Khedi Konchieva at a school lunch in Serzhen-Yurt.
Students of the Chechen State University in Grozny perform on stage on International Women's Day.
Students of the Chechen State University watch the performance. Many girls are subjected to harassment and even physical abuse for not wearing a hat.
25-year-old Elina Aleroyeva with her child at home in Grozny. Her husband was kidnapped federal service Security on May 9, 2011 for war crimes. Periodic disappearances of participants in both Chechen wars continue to this day.
15-year-olds Seda Mahagieva and Kameta Sadulayeva have been wearing the hijab for two years. They were among the first to wear a headdress, despite their parents' disapproval.
20-year-old Diana Reskhedova and 21-year-old Bekhlan Yusupov in their home in Grozny. Diana's parents arranged their wedding. The night before her marriage, the girl ran away to Behlan, with whom she secretly met. To date, they have been married for 2 years.
A guy looks out of the window of his tinted car at the girls in the city of Urus-Martan. Young girls are often kidnapped from the streets and married off to men they have never even met before.
Chechen guys at a friends' wedding in Grozny.
The girls gathered at the party. At most social events, Chechen men and women gather separately.
The girls gathered in the house before the wedding.
One of the wedding guests fires a gun.
16-year-old daughter-in-law Jamilya Idalova. The girl was kidnapped, but later returned home. Bride kidnappings are outlawed, but they still happen. The thieves are responsible for this and can receive a fine of up to 1 million rubles. The groom and his friend kidnapped Jamila after school, putting her in a car. His parents knew about this. Her parents were against it. Eventually the bride returned home. On the same day, parents from both sides met and decided that the young people should get married. And a week later the wedding took place. The celebration should take place either at the groom's house or in a restaurant. In this case, the wedding took place at the groom's house. The daughter-in-law makes her vows in her home separately from the groom. The holiday usually lasts three days.
