Pregnancy is a biological state of female animals, characteristic of mammals. This condition is caused by the conception of new individuals and is the process of bearing cubs inside the female’s body. The pregnancy period ends with childbirth. During pregnancy, the embryo develops and grows by receiving nutrients from the mother, and in females, in turn, the body undergoes restructuring and preparation for the upcoming feeding of newborn babies.
Length of pregnancy
U different types In animals, pregnancy periods can vary from several days to several years. For example, Pregnancy in elephants lasts about two years, A in long-nosed bandicoots and the common opossum - 12-13 days.
The normal gestation period for humans is 40 weeks (9 months).
Determination of gestational age and due date is based on the assumption that a woman has a 28-day menstrual cycle with ovulation on days 14–15 of the cycle. The average pregnancy duration is 280 days (40 weeks) from the beginning of the last menstruation. In the obstetric month 4 weeks or 28 days. Therefore, the duration of a normal pregnancy is 10 obstetric months or else called 10 lunar months.
A simple formula for calculating your expected date of birth is the so-called Naegele's formula - 9 months and 7 days are added to the date of the first day of the last menstruation. A simplified method of these calculations is to count 3 months ago from the first day of the last menstruation and add 7 plus 1 year to the resulting number. For example, the first day of the last menstruation is 04/01/2010. The expected date of birth will be: 01/08/2011 (1 + 7 = 8th day, 4 - 3 = 1st month, 2010 + 1 = 2011th year) .
However, 280 days is the conditional number of days of pregnancy. Determining the true duration of pregnancy is difficult due to the fact that it is difficult to establish exact date ovulation, the time of sperm movement and fertilization, it is difficult to take into account all the characteristics of a woman’s body and predict the time the baby is ready to be born. When determining the due date, it should be taken into account that ovulation does not always occur in the middle of the cycle. In addition, the length of pregnancy increases by approximately 1 day for each day of the menstrual cycle that exceeds 28 days. For example, with a 35-day cycle, ovulation occurs on day 21, and then the due date will be shifted a week later.
That's why a baby is considered full-term if it is born between 266 and 294 days (38–42 weeks) of pregnancy. According to statistics, more than 10% of all pregnancies last more than 42 weeks, of which 14% last more than 43 weeks. A pregnancy lasting more than 42 weeks is called post-term. And among the total number of births, 5-10% of pregnancies last less than 37 weeks. Such a pregnancy before the end of the normal period intrauterine development considered premature.
Days to conceive
The egg is ready for fertilization within just 24-36 hours. Sexual intercourse does not necessarily have to coincide with the moment of its maturation, since... sperm can remain viable for 3-5 days in the female genital organs, especially in the so-called crypts of the uterine pharynx. During this entire time, there is a possibility of conception. That's why if sexual intercourse occurs 5 days before ovulation, a woman can become pregnant. But it is better if sexual intercourse (ejaculation) is closely tied to this moment. It's easy enough to predict. Usually the egg is ready for fertilization 14 days before the end of the cycle. If it lasts 28 days, then it will be the 14th day from the beginning. With a cycle duration: 25 days - 11th, 32 days - 18th, 35 days - 21st (i.e. 25-14=11, 32-14=18, 35-14=21).
Conceiving a child by lunar calendar. Jonas method
Dr. Jonas discovered and proved through his research that the probability of conception is very high during the period of time when the phase of the moon(that is, the angle between the Moon and the Sun) repeats the phase that was at the birth of a woman. Moreover, the probability of conception increases sharply, regardless of what period of the hormonal cycle the lunar phase repeats. The probability of conception is highest when the repetition of the phase coincides with ovulation, But in second place in probability is, oddly enough, the coincidence of phase repetition with menstruation.
Research results suggest that up to 85% of conceptions occur precisely during the repetition phase, And only 15% - in the scientifically proven period of readiness to conceive. Mysteriously, the body is so committed to conception when the lunar phase repeats that any obstacles on this path may be ineffective.
Francesca Naish, in her book The Lunar Cycle, suggests that ideally these two periods should coincide. She found that women who lead healthy image living a life free from significant stress and listening to the rhythms of your body, lunar and hormonal phases eventually synchronize.
Positions for conception
The most best pose for those who want to become parents - missionary. IN classic version the man is on top, between the spread legs of a woman lying on her back. This pose is recommended in cases where bending of the uterus anteriorly (anteflexion of the uterus), more precisely excessive anterior deviation (hyperanteflexion of the uterus)(this makes sense place a pillow under your partner's buttocks). And then it is recommended lie on your back with your knees pressed to your chest or raise your legs up(the so-called “birch tree” pose).
Besides, position man from behind(kneeling position, knee-elbow position, doggy style, doggy style position; this is when the partner, kneeling, penetrates the partner from behind, leaning on her knees and elbows, holding her by the waist, hips, breasts or buttocks). This position is favorable for conception, since the external opening of the urethra of the penis and the cervical canal are in the same plane and are most closely adjacent to each other. This pose is recommended in cases where backward bending of the uterus (uterine retroversion) or pose when the partner lies on her stomach, and the man is behind(this makes sense place a pillow under your partner's stomach). And then After intercourse, it is recommended to lie on your stomach.
If the cervix is turned to the side (left or right), Then After intercourse, you need to lie on the side where the cervix faces, and don't forget to choose the appropriate pose.
The likelihood of pregnancy is reduced if, after ejaculation, sperm flows out of the vagina and does not come into contact with the cervix. Therefore, avoid positions where the woman is on top, standing or leaning over.
Planning the gender of the unborn child
Scientific method. Hesel Chesterman-Phillips and J. Martin Young's Floor Planning Method
This method of planning the gender of the unborn child, based on sperm differences. Sperm, carrying a male Y chromosome, more mobile than carrying the X chromosome, and able to reach the egg earlier. But sperm with an X chromosome are more viable and can survive longer in the fallopian tube, "waiting" for ovulation. The method has a name demographer Otfried Hatzold. It is believed that this is a method of planning the gender of the unborn child. effective in 80% of cases. To conceive a boy, must have sexual intercourse on the day preceding or coinciding with the date of ovulation. To conceive a girl, must have last sexual intercourse no later than 2-3 days before ovulation.
Planning the gender of the child according to the lunar calendar
More ancient Babylonian texts contained a simple recommendation on how to plan the sex of a child. Modern research confirms its effectiveness: on those days when the Moon is in the female signs of the Zodiac, a girl is conceived (feminine are Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn and Pisces). When the night beauty swims through male signs - it’s easy to conceive a future warrior (Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius and Aquarius are considered masculine signs).
Planning the gender of the child by day of the week
During the Age of Enlightenment, astrologers recommended make love on Monday and Friday, to conceive a girl. After all, these days are controlled feminine Moon and Venus. For male descendants fit this system Thursday and Sunday - days of Jupiter and the Sun. And here Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday were on the black lists. It was believed that these days it was better to completely forget about the joys of marriage.
Compliance special diet. French diet
To conceive a boy
Beverages: tea, coffee, beer, fruit juice, mineral water with soda. (Not recommended: milk, milk drinks, mineral waters with calcium).
Meat: all varieties, sausages.
Bread and cereals: cookies, biscuits, rice, semolina. (Not recommended: bread, pancakes, waffles, confectionery with milk).
Fresh and dry vegetables: potatoes, mushrooms, dry white beans, lentils, dried peas. (Not recommended: green salad, green beans, green beans, raw cabbage, watercress, dill).
Fresh fruits: everything, especially bananas, dates, apricots, oranges, peaches, cherries.
Dried fruits and oilseeds: prunes, dried apricots, dates, dark chocolate. (Not recommended: walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts, cocoa, milk chocolate). Miscellaneous: salt all food, canned food, yeast as much as possible.
To conceive a girl, you must adhere to the following diet:
Beverages: coffee, tea, chocolate, cocoa, calcium mineral waters (canned is not recommended fruit juice, Coca-Cola, carbonated drinks).
Meat: beef, veal, pork, lamb in limited quantities. (Not recommended: sausages, ham, corned beef, smoked meats, meatballs, roasts). Fish - fresh, frozen. (Not recommended: smoked, dried and salted fish, canned fish in marinade, crustaceans, shrimp oil).
Dairy: milk, cream cheese, cottage cheese. (Not recommended: all cheeses and ice cream). Bread without salt, cookies without salt, homemade cakes without salt and without yeast. (Not recommended: regular bread, regular cookies, industrial confectionery products).
Cereals: rice, semolina. (Not recommended: corn). Vegetables: limited quantities of potatoes, eggplant, asparagus, beets, carrots, champignons, cucumbers, watercress, green beans, lettuce, peas, peppers, onions, boiled tomatoes. (crispy potatoes, canned vegetables, spinach, rhubarb, all types of cabbage, mushrooms, zucchini, raw tomatoes, dried vegetables, white beans, lentils are not recommended).
Dry fruits: unsalted almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts. (Not recommended: figs, raisins, dried apricots, dates, prunes, salted dried fruits).
Fresh fruits: apples, pears, strawberries, raspberries, pineapples, peaches, grapefruits, lemons, watermelon, mango, quince, cherries. (Not recommended: plum, apricot, cherry, banana, orange, currant, melon).
Miscellaneous: sugar, honey, jam, jelly, fresh sour cream, eggs, fragrant herbs. (Not recommended: salt, yeast, soda, gherkins, olives, margarine, salted butter, ketchup.
That is, the appearance male infant is favored by the predominance of potassium and sodium ions- with a lack of calcium and magnesium. For conceiving a girl, against, predominance of calcium and magnesium ions is necessary. Both spouses must follow the chosen diet about a month before expected conception. The average percentage of successful hits is 82%.
Folk methods, signs
Ancient Chinese They were sure that to give birth to a boy, a woman needs to lie with her head to the north during intercourse, and to conceive a girl, to the south.
Hellenes claimed that if partners lie on the right side at the moment of intimacy, this guarantees the birth of a boy, if on the left, then a girl.
During the Middle Ages in Europe men dreaming of a son put an ax under their pillow, and those who wanted to braid their hair were disarmed accordingly.
In Germany It was customary to focus on the weather: if conception occurred during rain, a girl would be born, and if in dry weather, a boy would be born.
Alchemists they looked at procreation more deeply and recommended, before the crucial moment, to drink a mixture of wine and lion’s blood to make a boy.
Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles argued that the sex of a child depends on the weather - sons are more likely to be conceived in hot weather, daughters are more likely to be conceived in cold weather.
A man can influence the gender of the child if, at the climax of the act of love, he bites his beloved on the ear. For the right - there will be a boy, for the left - a girl.
The more meat, salt and spices the expectant mother eats, the sooner she will give birth to a son. If she indulges in sweets, it’s her daughter.
If you sprinkle the windowsill with sugar on a full moon, a girl will be born, if with salt, a boy will be born.
The first word the baby says determines the gender of the child following him - “Mom” - wait for your little sister, “dad” - wait for your brother.
Definition using a table
Ancient Chinese table determining the sex of a child by the time of conception. The correct result is obtained in 90% of cases.
Numeric method
Age of parents at the time of conception added up, received multiply the amount by 4, and then divide by 3. If the result is divided with a remainder of 2 or without a remainder, That boy. If the remainder is one - girl. There is only an error, if the parents’ birthday is +- month nearby, then the result is 90% correct.
Gender of the child according to signs, signs, beliefs
Urine and milk:
You need to boil equal amounts of urine and fresh milk (preferably from a freshly opened package) if the milk will curdle- will boy, If the milk won't curdle - girl. There is no need to boil for a long time.
According to the shape of the belly:
If the stomach sticks out like a cucumber forward, then a woman waiting for the birth of a boy, If the sides are visible from the back, That a girl will be born.
Hair on legs:
The hair on your legs grows more during your pregnancy, it's a boy. Accordingly, if there is no increase in vegetation, it is a girl.
Culinary preferences:
If a woman I want something sweet then she waiting for a girl, A waiting for a boy"pulls" for salty, meat and other serious products.
Mom's beauty:
There is an opinion that the girl “takes mother's beauty", so if pregnant woman looks prettier, that is pregnancy with a boy.
Toxicosis:
It is believed that toxicosis of the first three months are more typical for those who expecting a girl, pregnancy with a boy It's easier in the first trimester.
Heartbeat:
If fetal heart rate 140 beats per minute or faster - girl, If less often - girl.
"Bioenergy" methods:
Need to take a needle or a ring of thread(sometimes by a hair's breadth of mom's) and raise above the palm with the needle down. If the needle begins to swing along the palm, Means, it's going to be a girl, If across - boy. Another common variation of this method is to hold the needle over the stomach, and if the needle swings like a pendulum- then there girl, and if in circles- That boy.
Urine color:
If a pregnant woman has urine bright yellow color- a boy, if dull light yellow - a girl.
Chest:
If the breasts have increased significantly, it is a girl.
Left or right:
If he pushes from the right, then it’s a boy.
If in a dream a pregnant woman felt like a man, then it will be a boy.
Left or right leg:
If you like to put one foot on a platform and are tempted to put your right one, it will be a boy, if your left one, it will be a girl.
Pigmentation on the abdomen:
If strong pigmentation appears on the stomach, then it is definitely a girl.
Belly stripe:
If the stripe on the stomach runs from the right of the navel - a boy, to the left - a girl.
Assistant or domestic helper:
It is believed that if In the family, the man is more active and subject to stress and strain, then it will be boy, and if wife gets tired more: housework, work- will be born girl.
Wars and military conflicts:
It is believed that during periods of war and conflict, more boys are born.
The first (presumable, probable) signs of pregnancy
Cessation (delay) of menstruation;
Implantation bleeding;
Nausea (toxicosis), vomiting in the morning;
Changes in appetite (increased appetite, craving for certain foods);
Changes in olfactory sensations;
Heartburn and constipation;
“Metallic” taste in the mouth;
Lower back pain;
Headache and migraines;
Changes in the nervous system: formation of a generic dominant, irritability or vice versa, lethargy and drowsiness;
Increased pigmentation (darkening) of facial skin, nipples;
Frequent urination;
Breast engorgement;
Increase in abdominal volume.
Pregnancy test
Pregnancy tests are widely available, allowing you to quickly carry out high-quality reaction to the presence of hormonal markers of pregnancy in the urine- the most common reaction is to human chorionic gonadotropin, which begins to be excreted in the urine after 12-15 days after fertilization of the egg.
Tests to determine hormonal markers in urine are made in the form of strips or other similar devices. Typically, a short-term contact of such a device with urine is sufficient to conduct a test, after which the result is displayed in the form of an indicator strip, an icon that appears, or other visible markers.
The accuracy of the results is almost one hundred percent - 97-99%, provided that you carefully read the instructions and did everything correctly.
When purchasing a test, do not forget to check the expiration date. Because if this period has passed, the results may be incorrect. Use morning urine for testing, when hormones are easiest to detect. If you were unable to collect your morning analysis, try not to go to the toilet for at least four hours before the test. And don't drink a large number of fluids to prevent the bladder from enlarging. Otherwise, this will make it difficult to find hormones during analysis.
Please note that if available ectopic pregnancy the test doesn't detect it.
How does conception occur?
From the first day of menstruation until the fourteenth day of the cycle (if it lasts 28 days) thanks to the hormone, namely follicle-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland Inside each ovary, about ten follicles develop, the walls of which produce female hormones estrogens. When one of the follicles reaches maturity, the pituitary gland receives a signal and sends another hormone, the so-called pituitary luteinizing hormone, which causes ovulation. After 12-36 hours, the only follicle that has reached maturity ruptures and releases an egg, which enters into the fallopian tube and waits there for sperm to appear. And if they are there or appear, then a child is conceived.
It is already clear that fertilization of the egg occurs in the fallopian tube. In order for sperm to successfully reach the egg and fertilize it, the glands of the cervix secrete special mucus during the fertile period, which forms something similar to a path made of woven mesh. Motile sperm use this path as an escalator to penetrate the uterus and then into the tubes. However, not all sperm will reach the target, but only 99%, because they will not be able to pass through the barrier - the cervix. Cervical mucus is a very favorable environment for maintaining the life of sperm, in contrast to the acidic environment of the vagina. It also acts as a filter: it allows only normal and motile sperm to pass through. It must be said that sperm are much more tenacious ( sperm can remain viable for up to 120 hours in the female genital organs), how an egg that lives outside the follicle for only 24-36 hours.
And so, mature The egg is surrounded by several hundred sperm, each of whom strives to penetrate her, but this only one succeeds(in rare cases two, three). The head of the sperm enters the egg, and its tail, having fulfilled its function of ensuring movement, disappears. At this point, the surface of the egg changes, preventing access to other sperm.
Fertilization occurred and formed ovum(not yet an embryo), in which female and male chromosomes are mixed. From this moment, the first cell division occurs - 2 cells, then the second - 4 cells and so on (one division approximately every 10 hours).
Sharing and developing embryo does not remain in one place, but moves along the tube towards the uterus. In this it is helped by special cilia covering the cavity of the tube - they roll the embryo like a ball. Approximately on the 4th day of travel, the embryo reaches the uterine cavity and already consists of 64 cell divisions. On days 5-6, the embryo is freed from the surrounding membrane And on days 7-9, implantation begins in the endometrial mucosa. Some women may experience minor bleeding during this implantation period (10-12 days after fertilization).
Pregnancy calendar by trimesters (weeks, months)
A normal pregnancy lasts 38-42 weeks, with an average of 40 weeks. Gynecologists divide these 40 weeks into the III trimester: I trimester - up to 12 weeks, II - 13-24 (from 24 to 28) weeks (different specialists draw the border between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy differently), III - from 25-29 weeks before giving birth.
I trimester (first 12 weeks, 3 months)
During this time, conception occurs, formation ovum, attaching it to the uterus and forming a fetus from the embryo. During this period, the fetus develops all vital organs. By the end of the first trimester, the fetus is almost completely similar to a newborn baby, only very tiny. The baby begins to make the first movements - turn his head, move his arms and legs - but these movements are too weak, so the mother does not feel them.
II trimester (13-24 (from 24 to 28) weeks, 4-6 months)
During this period, the baby’s rapid development occurs; he is rapidly preparing for independent extrauterine life. In the second trimester, the baby’s internal organs develop, he begins to move, can hear the mother’s heartbeat, the voices of his parents (it is believed that future baby At this time, he perceives low sounds better, so his dad’s voice will sound especially pleasant to him), and he can feel touches on his stomach.
III trimester (from 25-29 weeks before birth, 7-9 months)
During this period, the development of the baby’s internal organs ends, the brain, head, and eyes are fully formed. By the 32nd week, only the baby’s lungs continue to develop; even his nails have already grown by this time. During this period, the baby must prepare for birth - turn over with its head down.
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy- a complication of pregnancy when attachment of the fertilized egg occurs outside the uterine cavity. With rare exceptions, ectopic pregnancies are not viable and are often dangerous to the mother's health due to internal bleeding. Ectopic pregnancy is considered an emergency condition medical care, because without treatment it can be fatal.
During a normal pregnancy, fertilization of the egg by the sperm occurs in the fallopian tube, from where the zygote enters the uterine cavity, where there is enough space for the development of the fertilized egg. In an ectopic pregnancy, the zygote does not reach the uterine cavity and implants in the tube, or is pushed out of the tube in the opposite direction and attaches to the ovary or surrounding peritoneum. Since there are no normal conditions for embryo development outside the uterus, chorionic villi penetrate into the tissue of the organ and damage it, causing bleeding into the abdominal cavity.
According to the location of the ectopic pregnancy differentiate pipe, ovarian, abdominal pregnancy and pregnancy in the rudimentary uterine horn. In addition, they highlight heterotopic pregnancy in which there are two fertilized eggs, one of which is located in the uterus and the other outside it.
Ectopic pregnancy occurs in approximately 2% of all pregnancies. Tubal pregnancy accounts for 98% of all ectopic pregnancies.
IN 30-50% cases of ectopic pregnancy reasons remain unknown. To risk factors include pelvic inflammatory diseases, infertility, intrauterine contraception, fallopian tube surgery(including sterilization), smoking.
Bad habits and pregnancy
results smoking during pregnancy:
The risk of spontaneous abortion in women who smoke during pregnancy is 30-70% higher than in non-smokers;
In smoking women, miscarriages occur in 22.5-41% of cases, in non-smokers - in only 7.4%;
Risk of developing a symptom sudden death newborn in smokers increased by 52%;
In 96% of cases, miscarriage is caused by pregnant women smoking, and the onset premature birth is directly dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked daily;
For smoking women, premature babies are born in 6.5-33.5% of cases, while for non-smokers - in only 0.8-11.2% of cases. The number of newborns weighing less than 2500 g is greater by 52% in women who smoke less than 1 pack of cigarettes per day, and by 130% in women who smoke 1 pack or more per day, compared with non-smoking women;
Children born to women who smoke are characterized by a slowdown in not only physical, but also intellectual, including emotional, development; they begin to read and count later;
Women who smoke are more likely than non-smokers to give birth to children with heart defects and defects in the development of the nasopharynx, inguinal hernia, and strabismus. Smoking adversely affects the process of formation and development of the neural tube in the fetus, leading to the birth of anencephals, babies with congenital abnormalities of mental development, with a cleft palate and cleft lip;
The number of non-smoking women did not breastfeed their newborns was only 7.1%, while among smokers - 23.4%. None of the premature babies born to mothers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day were breastfed;
A significantly larger number of children of smoking parents are hospitalized for pneumonia and bronchitis.
Influence alcohol for pregnancy.
There is such a thing as fetal alcohol syndrome, or fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition caused by the teratogenic effects of ethanol (alcohol is ethyl alcohol, or ethanol) on developing fetus during critical periods of development.
Fetal alcoholism syndrome, which occurs due to the consumption of alcohol by a pregnant woman, can lead to various developmental disorders and anomalies in the newborn:
Intrauterine developmental delay;
Low birth weight;
Violation physical development: disproportionate physique, small or, conversely, too high height and (or) weight;
Developmental anomalies of the maxillofacial region: hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the zygomatic arch, lower jaw; shortened upper lip, dorsum of the nose; narrow palpebral fissures;
Pathology of the nervous system: microcephaly - underdevelopment of the brain or its individual parts, leading to some neurological and intellectual disorders (mental retardation); “open back”, incomplete fusion of the spinal canal;
Numerous abnormalities of organ development, the most common are malformations of the heart, external genitalia and joints.
Maternal smoking has a significant effect on the rate of miscarriage, but still less than alcohol. In women who smoked 2 packs of cigarettes per day and did not drink alcohol, the miscarriage rate was 1.5 times higher than in non-smokers; in non-smoking women who drank alcohol regularly - 2.5 times higher than in non-drinkers; In women who combined smoking with alcohol consumption, the rate of miscarriages was 4.5 times higher than in non-drinkers and non-smokers. In addition, it has been clearly proven that maternal alcoholism in combination with smoking (more than 10 cigarettes per day) or drinking caffeine (more than 6-8 cups of coffee per day) in a large percentage of cases leads to intrauterine growth retardation.
Abortion, termination of pregnancy
Abortion – artificial or spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the first 28 weeks. Early abortion – during the first 14-15 weeks, late abortion – within 16-28 weeks.
Depending on the stage of pregnancy, its termination is carried out using various methods.:
Drug provocation of spontaneous abortion (2-8 weeks). Medical abortion (abortion with pills) is a pharmaceutical or medical abortion denotes termination of pregnancy induced by drugs instead of surgery;
Vacuum aspiration (2-5 weeks) - mini-abortion;
Medical - surgical removal of the fetus (abrasion, colloquially called "curettage"; 6-12 weeks, sometimes up to 22 weeks) - classic abortion;
Late abortions - provocation of premature "birth" (over 22 weeks) - artificial birth;
In case of illegal abortion infertility occurs in 40% of cases. After abortions performed in clinical settings , the likelihood of infertility occurs in only 10% of cases, mainly after the first abortion.
Causes of infertility as a result of abortion:
Curettage of the uterine cavity is the main reason that eliminates reproductive function. As a result of these actions, the uterine cavity and cervix are injured;
After curettage, drug therapy is often carried out to change the biocenosis of the vagina, which interferes with the normal movement of sperm;
Hormonal imbalance that develops after an abortion prevents the formation and release of eggs ready for fertilization;
Inflammatory diseases. Any surgical intervention is accompanied by inflammation of surrounding tissues and a decrease in local immunity. As a result, previously existing inflammatory diseases, or an infection brought into the uterine cavity by medical instruments manifests itself;
An abortion complicated by pelvic inflammation leaves scars and adhesions both in the uterus and in the fallopian tubes. The fallopian tubes Having lost mobility, they cannot transport the egg to the site of fertilization.
Rhesus conflict and abortion. Women who are Rh negative are especially strongly advised to avoid abortion.. During pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus, starting from the 4th - 5th week of pregnancy, the mother's body produces antibodies against the Rh-positive red blood cells of the fetus. After an abortion, antibodies remain in the mother's body, and in the case of a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus, the likelihood of severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn increases - in this condition, the Rh-positive red blood cells of the fetus are destroyed (hemolysis occurs) by antibodies formed in the mother's body. To prevent subsequent Rh conflict, timely immunoprophylaxis is necessary.
In accordance with the Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of citizens' health dated July 22, 1993, every woman has the right to independently decide the issue of motherhood.
Abortion is carried out:
at the request of the woman during pregnancy up to 12 weeks,
for social reasons- during pregnancy up to 22 weeks,
in the presence of medical indications and the woman's consent - regardless of gestational age.
Abortion should be performed only in institutions that have received a license for this type of activity, by doctors with special training.
The period of bearing a baby is a time of anxious anticipation for the baby to be born, filled with joy, hope and excitement. The fears of an expectant mother are natural, because a woman’s greatest desire is to carry and give birth to a healthy baby on time.
And so, conception occurred. The egg met the sperm that fertilized it, and the tiny new life settled in the uterus. From this moment in a woman's life begins new stage called pregnancy. Many expectant mothers immediately become interested in how soon they will meet the baby and how many days the pregnancy lasts? Let's clarify the common information about 9 months of pregnancy.
Ovulation date
This concept characterizes the true age of the fetus. In each month, a woman has only a few days in which conception is possible. This is the actual day of ovulation, 2 days preceding it and 1 day after it. Of course, it is impossible to know for sure when fertilization occurred. But knowing the day of ovulation allows you to significantly narrow the range of possible dates. To determine it during the cycle, a woman can use special tests or refer to the basal temperature chart. You can also calculate the approximate time of release of a mature egg after a missed period. Normally, the length of the second phase ranges from 10-16 days (on average 14 days). Therefore, with a cycle of 28 days, a mature egg is released approximately on the 14th day. So, the time of fertilization with a small error, but known. In order for just a few cells to form new person able to live outside the mother's womb needs 266 days or 38 weeks. This is the duration of the ovulation period of pregnancy.
Gestational age
When a pregnant woman contacts a gynecologist after pregnancy occurs, doctors do not calculate the day of fertilization. Why? Because the individuality of each organism does not allow us to draw clear conclusions on this topic. Even in the same woman, ovulation in two adjacent cycles can occur in different days, no one knows the exact time of the meeting of the sperm and the egg, as well as the subsequent implantation of the fertilized egg. That is why doctors determine the gestational age from the day the last menstruation began. This period is called gestational or menstrual. How many weeks does pregnancy last according to gestational periods? The classic 28-day cycle is again taken as a basis. If we take the 14th day of the cycle as the day the egg is released ready for fertilization, then the normal gestational age of the baby is 266 + 14 = 280 days or 38 + 2 = 40 weeks. This is the period of pregnancy that is considered “traditional”.
Lunar months
But what about the usual “9 months”? How many months does it take for a new life to be born? 40 weeks of waiting for a baby really corresponds to 9 months. To determine the duration of a woman's pregnancy, obstetricians make their own calculations based on the length of the lunar month (28 days). Therefore, a pregnancy of 280 days corresponds to 10 lunar months.
Sizes of the abdomen and uterus: is labor coming soon?
In addition to approximate calculations and dry figures, female organ ism also gives clues. Starting from the 2nd trimester, each woman’s visit to the gynecologist is supplemented by one more manipulation - measuring the abdominal circumference and the height of the uterine fundus. Tables have been developed that determine normal indicators of these values, as well as their permissible deviations. For each waiting period for the baby, the data on the size of the abdomen and the height of the uterine fundus are different. Based on the information obtained through measurements, the doctor can also guess the due date. Of course, this statement is true for pregnant women who have entered the 3rd trimester. Despite the fact that women have different constitutions, the volume of amniotic fluid, when the baby is ready to come into the world, the abdominal girth of mothers of average build in most cases fluctuates between 100-105 cm. In combination with the second parameter (height of the uterine fundus), an experienced doctor can make fairly accurate forecasts.
How many weeks does pregnancy last in women - normal or pathological?
Are all babies born at exactly 40 weeks? Of course not. Moreover, the exact coincidence of the expected date of birth (EDB) and the actual date of birth of the baby is more of a coincidence and an exception than a pattern. Based on the fact that ovulation can occur not in the middle of the month, but at its beginning or vice versa - at the end, the boundaries of the normal gestation period for a baby are the period of 38 - 42 weeks. A pregnancy is considered full-term if its gestational age has reached 37 weeks.
Premature birth
Unfortunately, in some cases, the onset of childbirth occurs earlier than the deadline set by nature. About the delivery of pregnancy at what stage in in this case are we talking? If the baby was born in:
- 28 obstetric weeks or earlier - extremely premature birth.
- 28 – 32 obstetric weeks are significantly premature.
- 32 – 36 obstetric weeks – moderately (slightly) premature.
Post-term pregnancy
But if it’s the 43rd week, and the baby is not in a hurry to meet his mother, then they talk about postmaturity. In this case, strict medical monitoring of the condition of the mother and child is necessary, since this condition can be either physiological feature, and be accompanied by pathological processes. The latter can cause significant harm to the health of a woman and her baby.
The reasons for post-maturity are often:
- Pathologies of the uterus.
- Late cervical ripening.
- Hormonal and endocrine disorders.
- Gynecological diseases.
- Heredity.
How many weeks does pregnancy last in women - what affects the gestation period of the baby
There are a number of factors that can make adjustments to the timing of the baby's arrival. These include:
- Heredity.
- The condition of the female body, intrauterine condition. Diseases and other pathologies of the body expectant mother may negatively affect the pregnancy of the child.
- Psycho-emotional background of a woman. Stress and constant nervous overstimulation can cause labor to begin prematurely.
- Fetal development.
How many weeks does pregnancy last in women - periods of pregnancy
A relay race of 9 months is a serious test for an expectant mother. Each month of pregnancy brings her closer to meeting the baby and, at the same time, is an important milestone passed. During the obstetric 40 weeks, there are several particularly critical periods, which doctors call “critical”.
- The origin of life is 2-3 weeks.
First important point occurs at a time when the woman does not yet know about her pregnancy. It is due to the fact that even a fertilized egg does not always become the beginning of a new life. In most cases, this is due to pathologies of the reproductive system and hormonal disorders. - 8 – 12 weeks.
The second serious milestone occurs in the period from the 8th to the 12th week. It is precisely deviations in the production of hormones necessary for the development and gestation of pregnancy that are the most common cause failure and stopping the development of pregnancy during these weeks. Timely identified deviations will allow you to begin the necessary therapy and safely move into the 2nd trimester. - 18 – 24 weeks.
A rapid increase in the size of the uterus, associated with the active growth of the baby, in the presence of isthmic-cervical insufficiency (shortening and dilation of the uterine cervix occurs) often becomes the cause of the onset of labor. If the pathology was detected in a timely manner, the application of an obstetric pessary allows you to carry the baby to the required 40 weeks. In addition, low-lying or placenta previa also poses a risk of premature birth. - 28 – 32 weeks.
This is the most dangerous period from the point of view of the onset of labor earlier than the time established by nature. The reason for this may be placental abruption or its insufficient functioning, ICI, late toxicosis. Multiple pregnancies due to overstretching of the uterus also often end during this period. Children born during this period are weak, but viable.
The state and the pregnant woman
Support for the expectant mother is also provided at the state level. As part of caring for women during the period when they are unable to work due to being on sick leave for pregnancy and childbirth, the state guarantees them the receipt of appropriate benefits. 70 days before the birth and 70 days after the birth of the child (in the case of the birth of one child and the birth without complications) are paid from the maternity benefit for women. If the birth was pathological ( C-section), the duration of the vacation increases to 156 days (70 days before childbirth, 86 after). If a mother has 2 or more children, the duration of leave is 194 days. To calculate the amount of payments, the size of the average wages pregnant.
Pleasant chores
Many expectant mothers try to capture as many magical moments as possible while expecting a baby, because 9 months fly by very quickly. Professional photo sessions or self-taken photos at home or in nature will help you stop time for a moment and once again plunge into serene happiness. If you look at photos of women during pregnancy, you will see one thing in common - expectant mothers are beautiful. Motherhood brings out a woman's natural grace and charm. In addition, photographs taken on different dates waiting for the little one will allow you to see how mommy and her tummy have changed over the course of 9 months.
Pregnancy for any woman is a precious gift that requires careful attention and care. Love your babies and let the little ones arrive on time and healthy!
The approaching date of birth is a rather alarming period of time, filled with anticipation and a very attentive attitude to one’s condition. It’s very scary to find yourself outside the walls of the maternity hospital when contractions begin, so expectant mothers look for signs of an approaching birth, sleep poorly and count the days.
There are numerous beliefs among the people. For example, it is believed that boys are born earlier than girls, and in the first pregnancy, childbirth occurs later. What determines the due date, and what are the statistics?
What week do they usually give birth?
The normal period is 37 seven days, but when more often depends on the menstrual cycle. Statistics show that childbirth most often occurs at 39-41. Approximately 70% of children are born during this period of time.
However, do not take these deadlines as true and binding for you. It doesn’t matter when everyone else is giving birth, your readiness for childbirth and the maturity of your baby are necessary. For some, 39 is too early; the baby is born immature and has difficulties. And other children adapt perfectly, being born after just 35 seven days. Your child will choose when it is best to give birth.
It is important to remember: the optimal period for childbirth is from 37 to 42. Before 37 seven days, the child is premature, and after 42 - post-term.
The obstetric pregnancy period is 40 times 7 days. However, only 4-5% of babies are born on time, why does this happen?
Main factors:
Menstrual cycle length
How long is your cycle? The time when you become a mother depends on its duration.
Two women had their last menstruation since March 1st. Today is May 1st. What will it be like obstetric term pregnancy, and what is the real age of the fetus? For both, the doctor will count the obstetric gestational age from March 1, and it will be 9 weeks and 4 days.
The first woman has a 24-day cycle. We count 14 days ago - ovulation was on March 10th. The actual age of the fetus is 7 weeks and 3 days. The second woman has a 35-day cycle. We count 14 days ago - ovulation was on March 21. The actual age of the fetus is only 5 seven days and 6 days.
It turns out that with the same calculated gestational age, the life of the baby in two women differs by almost 14 days, and of course, for them, a difference in the due date of approximately the same amount will be completely normal. But according to classical calculations, they will be given the same due date.
By the way, our service, which allows, takes into account the length of the cycle - use it (you will find out when you need to go to the maternity hospital, much more accurately than from an obstetrician-gynecologist in the office).
Heredity
Hereditary predisposition is another factor. Ask which of your female relatives became a mother when they became a mother. You will most likely repeat the fate of your mother or grandmother.
Course of pregnancy
The due date depends on the characteristics of the pregnancy itself. During the Great Patriotic War, during the period of famine and devastation, children were in no hurry to be born. It was as if they knew that a warm nursery and proper nutrition, and remained in utero for as long as possible. Several pregnancies have been described that lasted 11 months instead of the normal 9.
If the baby is ill in utero, for example, the placenta is not coping with its function, the likelihood of premature birth increases. This is also facilitated by overstretching of the uterus due to gestational diabetes in the mother, or multiple pregnancy. Despite the fact that babies can be born with quite a serious difference in gestational age, they are born full-term and healthy. Therefore, the timing of normal childbirth in obstetrics is not limited to a precisely calculated number.
What week can you give birth?
This is one of the main concerns of any expectant mother. Throughout pregnancy, there is first the fear of a possible miscarriage, and then of the baby being born too early. However, even if your baby is in a hurry and was born before the 37th, do not despair! Once upon a time, this period was only 28. Now children weighing 1 kg or more are successfully nursed, but many survive and grow healthy after being born even before 27-28. There are known cases of successful nursing at 24-25, with the baby’s weight slightly exceeding 500 grams.
However, for this, the baby must be born in a maternity hospital that can give him everything he needs to survive. In many cities this is not yet possible. Therefore, remember the following “adapted to Russia” facts:
- Births from 28 to 27 are premature, your baby will be premature, but he will have a good chance.
- From 24 to 27 - children are born with extremely low body weight. The prognosis for them depends on the presence of other complications of pregnancy and childbirth, and on the conditions of nursing. Chances of health and survival are 50/50.
- Before 24, the baby has no chance of survival, at least in our country.
What week do primiparas give birth?
The first pregnancy and childbirth become a kind of “break-in” for the mother’s body, a test of reproductive function. For you, everything is for the first time, just as the genetic program for bearing a fetus is being used for the first time. Right now, certain stereotypes and interactions are taking shape in the body that make it possible to safely bear and give birth to a child. If successful, all your subsequent pregnancies will be based on this tracing paper.
Unfortunately, the exact date of birth is impossible to predict, but statistically, primiparous women give birth a little later than others. Approximately 6-9% of them carry the pregnancy beyond 42 weeks. Primiparas are characterized by late recognition of signs of labor that has begun due to inexperience, and a slow development of labor. The first birth lasts a long time, the cervix dilates slowly. This is just an acquaintance with such processes; there is no point in worrying about the fact that you are at 39 and labor is not starting, just be patient.
What week do multiparous women give birth?
There is already a certain pattern according to which the body must act in order for the baby to be born. Events develop along well-worn tracks, and this leads to an earlier onset of labor. In 95% of cases, the second birth begins before the 39th week and proceeds much faster and easier.
If you are multi-pregnant, after 37 weeks, be prepared for contractions to start at any time. As a rule, the second or third time a pregnant woman easily recognizes the first signs of labor. The cervix dilates faster, pushing is more effective, and the overall duration of labor is shorter than the first time. You may not even be having training contractions, just going into labor.
What week are boys born?
More boys are born than girls; for every 100 girls, approximately 107 boys are born. However, if we talk about conception, then the statistics are even more interesting: the ratio of “girl” zygotes to “boy” zygotes is approximately 1 to 1.5, for every 100 girls there are 150 boys. But even at the very beginning, a significant number of pregnancies with a boy are spontaneously aborted. This happens before mothers find out that they were pregnant.
On average, a newborn girl weighs less than a boy, but by the age of one month the indicators change places. Boys are more likely to have developmental defects, have weaker immune systems, and get sick more often. This is due to the biological role of girls, they will continue the race and give birth, so they are given great stamina and health. And the purpose of boys is the progress of humanity and its development. Excessive depreciation resources of the body are not necessary in this matter, only physical strength and intelligence in the future are important. A boy needs more time to be born mature and ready for independent life, so gestation periods are often longer.
What week do girls give birth?
You can argue for a long time who is the stronger sex here, but the facts are facts... Girls are really born earlier. And if premature contractions occur, the survival rate among girls is much higher than among boys.
More early maturation And fast development girls persist throughout childhood. In the middle grades of school, the difference is especially striking; girls are already beginning to “bloom,” while boys remain children. A girl's growth and maturation ends at 16 years old, boys grow up to 21 years old.
Of course, the date of birth depends on the health of the mother, but in general for girls given more vitality and abilities than boys, they are in a hurry to grow and get stronger, they are in a hurry to be born and physiologically develop faster.
What week do twins give birth?
Twins... Many people dream of having two children at once, but nature provides for the birth of only one child. Multiple pregnancies are not normal for humans, and one of the most common complications is too early appearance twins into the world. They increase the internal volume of the uterus 2 times faster, which reacts to overstretching with contractions. Births of twins often begin at the 34th-35th stage. Despite the fact that many people give birth to twins earlier, the chances of survival for twins are very high. They seem to be preparing to be born prematurely, and are often already quite mature even at that age.
Week of pregnancy and childbirth, main facts
You only have a 4-5% chance of giving birth on your estimated due date. If this is your second birth, it will come earlier. If you're carrying a girl, your chances of giving birth earlier increase. If you are healthy and have a normal pregnancy, you only have a 2% chance of giving birth prematurely (before 37).
A huge number of representatives of the fairer sex who are preparing to become mothers are concerned about the question of how many weeks a woman stays pregnant. This interest is dictated primarily by the desire to see your child as soon as possible. Of course, there is such a thing as a normal period of gestation for a child in the womb. At the same time, there are also deviations from the norm when the baby is born earlier than expected or, conversely, late. Why is this happening? It all depends on many factors. When asked how many weeks a woman is pregnant, there is a simple answer: “From 37 to 42 weeks (inclusive).”
Naturally, we are talking about a general rule. If the baby is born prematurely, the birth will be called premature. Accordingly, when he is born at the 43rd week, they talk about late birth.
Delivery on time
So, for those who are interested in how many weeks a woman is pregnant, we emphasize once again that this period, on average, is 9 calendar months or 10 obstetric months. At the same time, at the beginning of labor, women should be mentally prepared for the fact that they will have new status. However, it is impossible to determine the exact date of birth of the baby. However, many expectant mothers, who really want to know how many weeks a woman is pregnant, do not give up trying and hoping to find out the exact date of birth of their baby.
It is very important to note that during the second and subsequent births, the duration of gestation of the fetus in the mother’s womb is approximately 37-39 weeks. The reason for this is that a woman’s body adapts to repeated pregnancies faster and easier. People have long noticed a rather curious detail: girls are born a little earlier than boys (38th week and 40th week, respectively). However, experts in the field of obstetrics do not see a relationship between the gender of the child. In their opinion, a child is born precisely at the moment when his body is maximally formed. Some people are interested in the question of how long pregnancy lasts if twins are expected. By general rule in this case, the fetus is gestated for no more than 38 weeks, and the birth is not considered premature.
Often, twins are born due to surgery. Moreover, only the doctor determines which method of delivery will be used for a woman who is expected to give birth to 2 babies in the future.
Delivery ahead of schedule
According to statistics, approximately 7% of mothers give birth to children “before their due date.” If normal pregnancy in time ranges from 37 to 42 weeks, then the period of “premature” varies from the 22nd to the 37th week. Babies born “before their time” are poorly adapted to life outside the mother’s womb; they are not even able to breathe on their own. And only thanks to advanced medical achievements their lives are saved. So, why does pregnancy not last long in this case? This is explained by several reasons. Let's look at the most common of them.
Causes of premature childbearing
A woman may give birth prematurely due to the presence of genital infections in her body. In an infected uterus, the fetus cannot fully form by 9 calendar months, and then the female organ begins to independently reject it. The second reason for premature birth is a consequence of such an illness as isthmic-cervical insufficiency, when the cervix, due to pathologies of contractile activity, is not able to hold the fetus until the due date. As other reasons, experts in the field of obstetrics name placental abruption, the presence of congenital pathologies of the development of the uterus, as well as a large load on the uterus during gestation. The likelihood that a child will be born ahead of schedule is high among those women who have previously had artificial interruption pregnancy. An unbalanced diet and nervous stress can also lead to early birth. Of course, medical attention to women preparing to become mothers ahead of time should be special.
due date
Let us now consider the situation when the baby is born later than expected. It should be noted that in this case, pregnancy usually lasts about 43-44 weeks. According to statistics, a similar situation occurs in 10% of women. It is not difficult to guess that with this pathology the child is born with a clear delay. Let's analyze why this happens.
Causes of late childbearing
The baby does not leave the mother’s womb for a long time because she suffers from diseases of a neuroendocrine nature (overweight, diabetes etc.). Also normal childbirth in due date pathologies such as myometrium, decreased tone, and biological unpreparedness of the uterus may interfere. The cause of delayed birth may be associated with diseases of the central nervous system in the child (anencephaly, hydrocephalus). If a baby is diagnosed with ailments, then because of this, he experiences a slowdown in the production of corticosteroid hormones, which are responsible for his being born in a timely manner. Delayed labor can also be caused by hormonal imbalances, when there is a lack of catecholamines or progesterone. The baby's prolonged stay in the mother's womb does not bode well for the child. He simply begins to starve, while the placenta ages, and it begins to perform its function worse. A child who was born late looks very much like an old man: he has dry skin, with wrinkles in places.
Conclusion
Future parents must approach the process of childbirth with all seriousness and responsibility, since the period after which the child was born is an indicator of his health. Pregnant women must regularly visit a doctor and strictly follow all his recommendations.
The baby is considered full-term from the 38th week, so at this time the prenatal period begins. It continues until labor develops. If a woman is expecting her first child, then childbirth is considered normal at a period of 38 to 42 weeks.
The preliminary date of how many weeks labor can begin is determined by the doctor. Most often, during the first pregnancy, this period is 40 obstetric weeks. If the child is born later, they speak of post-term birth.
The range of when you can give birth to your first child is wide – 4 weeks. During this entire period, expectant mothers are very interested in the question of what week they give birth to a healthy baby and when he will be born. The answer is sought not in books, but in a woman’s health, the state of her body.
Depending on how many weeks they give birth, each woman’s body warns her 2 days before the onset of labor.
What week do they give birth - normal timing
When first-time mothers give birth, the normal period is 37 seven days. If the timing of the birth of the first child is earlier, it depends on the day of the last menstruation. Statistics show that childbirth usually occurs at 39-40 weeks. About 70% of children are born at this stage of labor.
It is impossible to say the exact date and how many weeks the birth will be. According to statistics, for first-time mothers this period comes later than others. This is explained by late recognition of signs of pregnancy and precursors of labor, as well as the development of labor.
Waiting for a long time
The first pregnancy lasts a long time, the cervix opens slowly. The body is just getting acquainted with this process, so don’t worry about how many weeks labor starts. Firstborns give birth later.
We look at the baby's weight
Noting how many weeks the first child is born, doctors talk about 37 weeks. During this period, the baby is ready for birth. All vital systems and organs are formed and ready for the birth of the baby.
If labor begins at this time, the baby is considered full-term. The average height is about 48 cm, and body weight is 3 kg. The baby's weight increases every day due to the subcutaneous fat that the child accumulated in the womb.
Depends on the length of the menstrual cycle
Gynecologists, when calculating the period at which week of pregnancy a woman can give birth, use the Naegele formula. When calculating the baby’s date of birth using it, you need to subtract 3 months from the beginning of the last menstrual cycle and add 7 days.
However, this method of determining at what week a woman goes into labor is not accurate. It is used for approximate date, when you can give birth to a healthy baby if the expectant mother’s menstrual cycle is 28 days. If it is longer, then the date at which week you can give birth will come later.
With an irregular cycle, it is difficult to find out the date of ovulation, so this method of determining in what week the birth will occur is considered not suitable.
Heredity influences
If close female relatives had their first birth earlier or later than the due date, this situation may also happen to you. Ask the question at how many weeks the mother and grandmother gave birth. The hereditary factor plays an important role; you can repeat their story.
The course of pregnancy is another factor
The period in which the baby is given birth depends on the characteristics of the given period. During wars and devastation, children were in no hurry to be born. They felt that a warm bed and proper nutrition were not waiting for them, so they stayed in their mother’s belly longer.
When a child feels uncomfortable inside the womb: the placenta does not fulfill its function, the mother has suffered stress, a protracted illness - the likelihood of premature birth increases. The same consequences are observed with overstretching of the uterus, high fetal weight, polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancies.
Regardless of the period at which primiparous women give birth, babies can appear healthy and full-term. Therefore, the timing, how many weeks start normal birth, are not limited to an exact number.
How many weeks do you usually give birth to your first baby?
If you are becoming a mother for the first time, then there is approximately a 70% chance that birth will come on time - about 40 weeks of pregnancy. This is explained by the fact that the woman’s body has not yet gone through the processes that occur inside and it takes time to expel the fetus.
Share their impressions
A pregnant woman does not know how labor begins and what week the first child is born, so she may miss the beginning of this moment. Labor in first-years lasts a long time, it is weak and protracted, contractions can last up to 7 hours.
But there are exceptions here too. If we do not consider the causes of premature birth (before 36 weeks), when there are disturbances in the body of the expectant mother, then post-term pregnancies also occur. In this case, the baby is released into the world with a short interval - after 42 weeks.
Second birth statistics
When noting what week a second child is usually given birth, a period of 36 weeks is mentioned. The second birth begins suddenly, but passes faster and easier.
The cervix, as well as the birth canal, opens quickly, so women who have already given birth often do not have time to get to the maternity hospital. Repeated births occur around 38 weeks, but there are exceptions.
Third pregnancy
Preparing to become a mother for the third time, a woman is interested in the question of which week is the third child most often given birth. Labor usually starts earlier. If during the first pregnancy delivery occurs starting from the 38th week, then the third pregnancy is associated with a period of 36 weeks.
Time limits for boys and girls are different.
Usually girls want to see the world before boys, who are in no hurry to leave their mother’s tummy. If doctors note statistics on which week boys are most often born, then they talk about 40-41 weeks. Sometimes there are record holders who last up to 42 weeks. Girls are ready to make their first cry at an earlier stage - 38 weeks.
The princess is sleeping
It is important not to forget about the cycle of the expectant mother. If the cycle is standard or short, when ovulation occurs on the 14th day after the start of menstruation, the baby is born at the required 40 weeks.
There are several reasons why girls are born first:
- It takes time for a boy to be born ready to exist. Girls mature faster, which is due to their biological role in life: procreation.
- In what week girls are usually born depends on the health of the mother, but initially girls were born stronger than boys. They are in a hurry to grow and be born, and during life they develop more rapidly.
From what week can you give birth to twins?
For man multiple pregnancy- not the norm, so the consequences of complications are early birth. The uterus increases in volume twice as fast as children, and overstretching causes contractions.
Considering how many obstetric weeks a second baby is born, we talked about the period of 37 weeks. When talking about multiple pregnancies, 34-35 weeks are mentioned. Regardless of the fact that twins may be born earlier, they have a very high chance of survival.
The best time to give birth to a healthy baby
If we consider at what week the expectant mother can give birth to 1 girl or boy without chronic diseases, then doctors insist on 38-42 weeks. With this period of time, good, healthy, full-fledged children appear.
Sound asleep
Doctors are guided by 40 weeks - this period is recorded in the medical record and sick leave as the date of birth. But even at 38 or 42 weeks, healthy, mature children are born.
Another issue is multiple pregnancy. In this case, it is better to give birth 4 weeks earlier, which is due to the load on the body that the woman experiences. If a cesarean section is not planned, you need to prepare for childbirth at 35 weeks.
Symptoms and causes of premature birth
Unexpectedly starting labor causes anxiety and stress in a woman. Let's look at why this situation occurs:
- Infectious diseases.
- Aging of the placenta.
- Viral diseases.
- Placenta previa.
- Pathology of the cervix.
This reason is one of the most common among pregnant women, which leads to early birth. The expectant mother feels unwell, and the suffering of the baby inside the womb acts as a trigger for the onset of labor. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo examination to ensure that pregnancy is safe.
Doctors assess the condition of the placenta based on the results of ultrasound and CTG. The most important thing is to regularly visit a gynecologist and undergo all examinations. If the doctor detects aging of the placenta or its abruption, treatment is prescribed that improves blood flow and nutrition of the fetus.
In advanced cases, medications are prescribed that accelerate the maturation of the baby’s respiratory system. Then even premature one-month-old babies survive and are nursed.
In season infectious diseases not only the respiratory tract is affected, it can become infected amniotic fluid and disrupt the integrity of their shell. With early rupture or leakage of water, premature birth occurs.
Among the complications, it is noted that if the integrity of the bladder is broken, and the cervix is not smoothed, the birth canal is not yet ready and the mucous plug has not moved away, an emergency cesarean section is required.
In this case, the pressure on the internal os increases, the cervix quickly smoothes out. By adhering to the recommendations of the gynecologist and observing bed rest, you can prevent premature birth.
A shortened cervix and obturator dysfunction can be congenital or result from trauma from previous births or abortions. This leads to premature birth.
Sometimes early labor does not occur spontaneously, but the doctor prescribes an emergency caesarean section in order to preserve the health of mother and child. The causes are vascular, heart or endocrinological diseases.
New Generation
Early birth occurs at 28-36 weeks. If a woman experiences alarming symptoms, she should urgently visit a doctor:
- pulling in the lower abdomen that feels like menstruation;
- a feeling that something is pressing on the bladder;
- slight bleeding from the vagina;
- cramping pain lasting more than 30 seconds. Just don’t confuse it with training contractions;
- leakage of amniotic fluid;
- no fetal movements.
The gynecologist will assess the condition and suggest hospitalization if necessary. Don't panic, it's not scary. You can always slow down labor with special medications and procedures.
Why can there be late labor?
A post-term pregnancy is no less dangerous than a premature pregnancy, so ask your doctor at what time the third birth occurs. They come earlier than others, and the risk of carrying a child is higher.
Let's look at the reasons for late birth:
- Hormonal disorders in the mother.
- Extended cycle.
- Hereditary factor.
- Taking medications.
Changes in the hormonal system signal the body about the onset of labor. If the expectant mother's hormone levels and metabolism are disrupted, the signal will not be received and contractions will not begin.
At that time, if a woman had her period regularly, but her cycle was 30-35 days, the baby would be born later than the due date. Here we are talking about a natural physiological process, not a pathology. This type of pregnancy is called prolonged.
This reason is physiological. Heredity affects early and late births. Knowing at what stage your mother and grandmother were born, you can prepare for your labor in advance.
When taking medications to reduce the tone of the uterus, changes also affect childbirth. Also affect labor remedies for chronic diseases. Therefore, inform your gynecologist about your situation so that he can adjust the prescriptions.
Sincere look
When should you be concerned?
- Stomach ache.
- Bloody issues.
- The stomach has changed shape.
- Leakage or overflow of water.
- The child's movements are not felt.
Any discomfort in the abdominal area is a reason to consult a doctor. The reasons may be different, but if the danger is not recognized in time, the child will die. With nagging pain in the lower abdomen, termination of pregnancy is possible. To prevent this from happening, timely treatment is required.
If you experience pain that resembles inflammation Bladder or appendicitis, there is a threat of premature birth. Do not rely only on your feelings, especially multiparous ones, but always find out the exact cause from a gynecologist.
In no case is bleeding during pregnancy normal. Suspicions are caused by color changes: brown, scarlet, dark yellow or burgundy. If this happens, immediately call an ambulance or rush in your car to the maternity hospital. Inform your gynecologist about this symptom.
This case does not apply to moments of active movement of the baby. If in a calm state the stomach is asymmetrical, hard and tense for more than 30 minutes, sank down or changed shape after a fall - go to the maternity hospital immediately.
It is impossible to miss such a moment. If the water breaks at night, the bed will be wet; if during the day, it will flow down your legs. Leakage is more difficult to detect: wetness is observed underwear, which is dangerous when premature pregnancy. If rupture occurs, the amniotic sac is damaged, labor must begin.
A woman feels the first movements of the baby from the 20th week, in the second pregnancy - from the 16th. If they disappear, you need to be wary. Lack of movement for more than 12 hours is an alarming sign that should be reported to your doctor.
If this happens once, after which the baby is active again, this is the norm. A warning sign is a regular lack of movement or low activity.
Attention!
The information published on the website is for informational purposes only and is intended for informational purposes only. Site visitors should not use them as medical advice! The site editors do not recommend self-medication. Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your attending physician! Remember that only complete diagnosis and therapy under the supervision of a doctor will help you completely get rid of the disease!
